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I Coleotteri Scolitidi E Platipodidi Della Sardegna ( Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Platypodidae)*

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I Coleotteri Scolitidi E Platipodidi Della Sardegna ( Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Platypodidae)* ConSErvazionE habitat invErtEbrati 5: 609–639 (2011) Cnbfvr I Coleotteri Scolitidi e Platipodidi della Sardegna ( Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Platypodidae)* Enzo GATTI MiPAAF, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Uffi cio Territoriale per la Biodiversità di Belluno, Via Gregorio XVI 8, I-32100 Belluno, Italia. E-mail: [email protected] *In: Nardi G., Whitmore D., Bardiani M., Birtele D., Mason F., Spada L. & Cerretti P. (eds), Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests network. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5: 609–639. ABSTRACT Scolytid and Platypodid beetles of Sardinia (Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Platypodidae) This paper provides an overview of the quite fragmentary current knowledge on Sardinian species of the families Scolytidae and Platypodidae. A list of 48 species (47 Scolytidae, 1 Platypodidae) that are certainly present in the region was obtained, based on the literature and on data from recent surveys. For these species, brief notes regarding geonemy and ecology are given. The presence of 18 additional species (17 Scolytidae and 1 Platypodidae) is not sure and needs confi rming. For these doubtful species a critical review of the few available data is given. The 48 confi rmed species are classifi ed in their chorotypic category and some considerations are made on the relationship between these species and their host plants in Sardinia. Six Scolytidae species are confi rmed for the Sardinian fauna: Hylastes linearis Erichson, 1836, Tomicus destruens (Wollaston, 1865), T. minor (Hartig, 1834), Coccotrypes dactyliperda (Fabricius, 1801), Taphrorychus villifrons (Dufour, 1843) and Scolytus rugulosus (P.W.J. Müller, 1818). Crypturgus cribrellus Reitter, 1894 is fi rstly recorded from Sardinia, while Phloeotribus cristatus (Fauvel, 1889) is confi rmed for the fauna of northern Italy. Key words: Scolytidae, Platypodidae, Sardinia, ecology, chorology. RIASSUNTO Questo lavoro fornisce una panoramica delle conoscenze, ancora abbastanza frammentarie ed incomplete, sulle specie di Scolytidae e Platypo- didae della Sardegna. In base alle segnalazioni di letteratura e ai dati di alcune recenti raccolte, è stato ottenuto un elenco di 48 specie (47 Scolytidae, 1 Platypodidae) sicuramente presenti nella regione. Relativamente a queste specie sono fornite notizie sintetiche di tipo geonemico ed ecologico. La presenza in Sardegna di altre 18 specie (17 Scolytidae ed 1 Platypodidae) è ancora incerta e necessita di conferma; per tali specie è fornita una lettura critica dei pochi dati a disposizione. Per le 48 specie accertate sono forniti i corotipi e considerazioni sui probabili rapporti che esse stabiliscono con le loro piante ospiti in Sardegna. Sei specie di Scolytidae sono confermate per la fauna sarda: Hylastes linearis Erichson, 1836, Tomicus destruens (Wollaston, 1865), T. minor (Hartig, 1834), Coccotrypes dactyliperda (Fabricius, 1801), Taphrorychus villifrons (Dufour, 1843) e Scolytus rugulosus (P.W.J. Müller, 1818). Crypturgus cribrellus Reitter, 1894 è segnalato per la prima volta per l'isola, mentre Phloeotribus cristatus (Fauvel, 1889) è confermato per l'Italia settentrionale. INTRODUZIONE questi Coleotteri come parassiti primari di vegetali, in quanto xilofagi che, scavando gallerie sia allo stadio Gli Scolytidae ed i Platypodidae sono due famiglie larvale che adulto, sono in grado di attaccare anche di Coleotteri, fi logeneticamente molto vicine, ap- piante che si trovano in buone condizioni vegetative partenenti alla superfamiglia dei Curculionoidea: la o in stato di crisi solo temporanea. La loro attività, prima annovera circa 6000 specie descritte (Wood a seguito dell'instaurarsi di gravi squilibri fi siologici, 1982, 1986); la seconda oltre un migliaio (Schedl può causare la morte di queste piante, che vanno così 1972). Gran parte di esse vivono nelle foreste pluviali ad incrementare la componente del legno morto, ele- equatoriali (Abbazzi et al. 1994) anche se, per intere mento indispensabile al regolare funzionamento eco- regioni della Terra, le conoscenze tassonomiche e so- logico di una qualsiasi formazione forestale naturale prattutto ecologiche su queste famiglie sono ancora (cfr. Rabaglia 2002; Mason et al. 2003). molto scarse. È ben noto, invece, il ruolo svolto da Le specie di Scolytidae attribuite dalla recente lette- 609 Enzo Gatti ratura alla fauna italiana sono 153, due delle quali Altri dati provengono infine da esemplari raccolti sono presenti con due sottospecie distinte (Knížek personalmente o conservati nella mia collezione o in 2011b). La presenza in Italia di 10 di queste specie è altre collezioni private. dovuta a recenti introduzioni accidentali, da diverse Le località di provenienza del materiale esaminato parti del globo, con partite di legname, piante or- sono state riportate considerando la nuova suddivi- namentali, frutta, semi o altro; la loro effettiva ac- sione della Sardegna in otto province; si è optato per climatazione nel nostro Paese risulta quindi ancora questa scelta al fine di evitare che una stessa locali- dubbia. Per maggiori approfondimenti al riguardo tà risultasse attribuita a province diverse a seconda si rimanda ai seguenti lavori: Longo et al. (1991), dell'anno di cattura del materiale. Le province sono Zandigiacomo et al. (1998), Pennacchio et al. (2003, elencate in ordine alfabetico come segue: Caglia- 2004), Audisio et al. (2008), Faccoli (2008), Kirken- ri, Carbonia-Iglesias, Medio Campidano, Nuoro, dall et al. (2008a), Faccoli et al. (2009) e Kirken- Ogliastra, Olbia-Tempio, Oristano e Sassari. dall & Faccoli (2010). Altre specie invece sono state Per ulteriori informazioni (coordinate UTM, ve- importate in Italia da più lungo tempo; per queste getazione, ecc.) sui siti campionati dallo staff del esiste ormai la certezza che esse sono diventate parte CNBFVR si rimanda ad Angius et al. (2011) e a integrante della fauna nostrana. Bardiani (2011). Le specie di Platypodidae autoctone in Italia sono Gli esemplari esaminati sono stati raccolti diretta- due (Colonnelli 2003), ma una terza specie (Megapla- mente (retino da sfalcio, car net, ecc.), e utilizzando typus mutatus (Chapuis, 1865)), di origine neotropi- diversi tipi di trappole (window flight trap, Malaise cale, si è acclimatata di recente in provincia di Caserta trap, pitfall trap, light trap) (cfr. Bardiani 2011). (Tremblay et al. 2000; Knížek 2011a). Nel capoverso "Altro Materiale Esaminato" sono stati La coleotterofauna della Sardegna è ancora poco co- elencati reperti non provenienti dalla Sardegna, ma nosciuta e questo è valido anche per le famiglie degli particolarmente interessanti poiché ampliano le co- Scolytidae e dei Platypodidae. Ciò dipende princi- noscenze corologiche o biologiche (es. nuove piante palmente da carenze nelle ricerche sino ad ora com- ospiti, parassiti, predatori) della specie trattata. piute; basta considerare che con il presente lavoro si La nomenclatura e la sistematica adottate seguono è potuta confermare la presenza in Sardegna, sino- Knížek (2011a, 2011b); tuttavia, in accordo con Co- ra ritenuta incerta (cfr. Colonnelli 2003), di ben sei lonnelli (2003), sia gli Scolytidae che i Platypodidae specie di Scolytidae: Scolytus rugulosus (P.W.J. Müller, sono considerati come famiglie, e non come sotto- 1818), Hylastes linearis Erichson, 1836, Tomicus de- famiglie dei Curculionidae. Le categorie corologiche struens (Wollastron, 1865), T. minor (Hartig, 1834), utilizzate sono quelle proposte da Vigna Taglianti et Coccotrypes dactyliperda (Fabricius, 1801) e Taphrory- al. (1993, 1999). Le notizie sulle piante ospiti, rela- chus villifrons (Dufour, 1843); inoltre è qui segnalata tivamente alla fauna italiana, sono tratte da Pfeffer per la prima volta la presenza nell'isola di Crypturgus (1947, 1994), oppure da altri autori che sono citati cribrellus Reitter, 1894. di volta in volta; la geonemia delle specie, tranne di- Attualmente sono quindi disponibili dati certi sulla versa indicazione, è basata su Pfeffer (1994), Alonso- presenza di 47 specie di Scolytidae, mentre per altre Zarazaga (2004) e Knížek (2011a, 2011b). La di- 17 specie sono necessari ulteriori dati di conferma. stribuzione in Italia, se non diversamente indicato, è Tra i Platypodidae, una specie (Platypus cylindrus (Fa- quella fornita da Colonnelli (2003). Gli autori "sto- bricius, 1792)) è largamente diffusa in tutta l'isola, rici", cioè da Bargagli (1874) a Porta (1934) (vedi ca- mentre la presenza di Treptoplatypus oxyurus (Dufour, poverso "Segnalazioni bibliografiche"), erano soliti, 1843) (cfr. Colonnelli 2003) rimane ancora dubbia. nelle loro opere, abbreviare il nome del descrittore della specie; inoltre era quasi sempre tralasciato l'an- no di descrizione della specie. Nelle pagine seguen- MATERIALI E METODI ti, per maggiore precisione, si è ritenuto opportuno riportare per intero il nome dell'autore e l'anno di Le segnalazioni riportate in questa nota derivano sia descrizione, anche se riferito ad un sinonimo; queste da dati desunti dalla bibliografia, sia da materiale informazioni sono state desunte da Knížek (2011b). reperito dal personale del Centro Nazionale per lo Inoltre, a volte, anche gli autori moderni hanno ri- Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale portato l'anno di descrizione di una specie o la grafia "Bosco Fontana" di Verona (CNBFVR) durante al- del suo nome, in modo diverso da quanto attualmen- cune campagne di ricerca condotte nell'isola (cfr. Ma- te ritenuto corretto (cfr. Knížek 2011b); in questi son et al. 2006; Cerretti et al.
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