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Morphological Integration of Urdu Loan Words in Pakistani English
English Language Teaching; Vol. 13, No. 5; 2020 ISSN 1916-4742 E-ISSN 1916-4750 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Morphological Integration of Urdu Loan Words in Pakistani English Tania Ali Khan1 1Minhaj University/Department of English Language & Literature Lahore, Pakistan Correspondence: Tania Ali Khan, Minhaj University/Department of English Language & Literature Lahore, Pakistan Received: March 19, 2020 Accepted: April 18, 2020 Online Published: April 21, 2020 doi: 10.5539/elt.v13n5p49 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n5p49 Abstract Pakistani English is a variety of English language concerning Sentence structure, Morphology, Phonology, Spelling, and Vocabulary. The one semantic element, which makes the investigation of Pakistani English additionally fascinating is the Vocabulary. Pakistani English uses many loan words from Urdu language and other local dialects, which have become an integral part of Pakistani English, and the speakers don't feel odd while using these words. Numerous studies are conducted on Pakistani English Vocabulary, yet a couple manage to deal with morphology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the morphological integration of Urdu loan words in Pakistani English. Another purpose of the study is to investigate the main reasons of this morphological integration process. The Qualitative research method is used in this study. Researcher prepares a sample list of 50 loan words for the analysis. These words are randomly chosen from the newspaper “The Dawn” since it is the most dispersed English language newspaper in Pakistan. Some words are selected from the Books and Novellas of Pakistani English fiction authors, and concise Oxford English Dictionary, 11th edition. -
The Pakistani English Novel: the Burden of Representation and the Horizon of Expectations
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Vol. 6 (2018) The Pakistani English Novel: The Burden of Representation and the Horizon of Expectations By Dr. Masood Ashraf Raja Abstract Using a theoretical understanding of the role of the narratee and the horizon of expectations, this essay suggests a nuanced mode of reading the Pakistani Writing in English. The hope is that both Pakistani readers and authors will become aware of the possible ramifications of authorial intention and reader reception of the texts of the global periphery. Keywords: Pakistani writing in English, postcolonialism, Pakistan, Reception theory It would not be an exaggeration to suggest that the Pakistani novel in English has finally come of age and has garnered its space within and without Pakistan. In most of the cases, Pakistan as a subject of narration figures quite prominently in these works. In fact, in one of her interviews, Kamila Shamsie, one of the most celebrated contemporary Pakistani novelists, attempts to see a connection between the works of several contemporary Pakistani writers: l don't know how you'd draw a line connecting me, Mohsin Hamid, Mohammad Hanif, Nadeem Aslam, Moni Mohsin in terms style or form—except we're writing about Pakistan. A lot of Pakistan's English-language novelists are looking at history or politics in their work, to a greater extent perhaps than Indian novelists. (Das) Thus, no matter what these writers write about, their acts of artistic representation, it seems, are caught within the politics of the nation and national representation. -
Syllable Patterns of Pakistani English (Pakistani Resyllabified English)
Syllable Patterns of Pakistani English (Pakistani Resyllabified English) *Salman ul Waheed *Focal Person OCAS, Higher Education Dept. Govt. of Punjab PhD Scholar English Linguistics (FUUAST Lhr) M.Phil Applied Linguistics (GCU Fsd) Controller Exams & Lecturer English Govt. College CS Shaheed (M.Garh) Abstract This research paper is an attempt to describe the syllable patterns of Pakistani English. Second language speakers of a language overwrite the syllabification rules of that specific language. In this process of resyllabification the native accent of that language is far to be achieved. In Pakistan, English is spoken and used at a massive level among masses. This article identifies the extent of change in real syllable patterns when used by Pakistani people. Voice Samples of British speakers and Pakistani speakers have been analyzed using PRAAT software. Data analysis proved the fact that Pakistani non-native speakers of English resyllabify English syllables under the influence of their national language Urdu and other regional languages. Keywords: Syllable, Syllable templates, Syllabification & Resyllabification, Template Matching, Epenthesis, Deletion. † Corresponding author. TEL.: +92 61 2242874, +92 345 7174740 E mail address: [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION The aim of this paper is to describe the phonological and phonetic features of the English language as spoken in Pakistan. It is somehow natural for a speaker that he imitates the patterns of his native language while uttering the words of foreign or some other language. And same is the factor that invokes him to resyllabify the words. Each language has its own phonology of syllabifying the words and hence different syllable templates. However when a native speaker of a particular language utters some words of any other or foreign language, he modifies the syllables of these words according to the phonology of his native language. -
American Dialects
AMERICAN DIALECTS Leonard R. N. Ashley President of the American Society of Geolinguistics Introduction Good for an oral presentation, local, area language, dialect often appears in phonetic spelling because English is notoriously unphonetic in a lot of its spelling and some find humor in misspelling, whether it be, for example, “posh” British (“Jolly Well Spoken”), Cockney (from London), Geordie (from Newcastle), Scouse (from Liverpool), Scottish English, Irish English, and in the style of comedian Ali G (something like US rap). However, my subject here, as the title shows, is not British dialect. British dialects constitute a huge corpus which has been fraffly (frightfully) well mapped and extensively studied for what idiom calls donkey’s years. There is too much of that for me. As Potter says: It would be no exaggeration to say that greater differences in pronunciation are discernible in the north of England between Trent and Tweed [two rivers about 100 miles apart] than in the whole of North America. There are, in fact, a great number of regional and social dialects in North America, too. The cinema and the broadcast media have made us all familiar with many American dialects (which involve both pronunciation, “accent,” and word choice, grammar, etc). You know the historic “Brooklyn accent” (toidy-toid, erl boiner, Greenpernt) or the egregious Bronx (cubba kwawfee uh tzee) and the current awesome, bitchen, grody, rad, but (like, y’know) totally beige (which is to say “boring”) airhead Valley Girl way of speaking. That comes from the San Fernando Valley of Southern California. I’m sooo sure you will be interested in and informed by something perhaps less familiar, even tubular, wonelly. -
How Post 9/11 Pakistani English Literature Speaks to the World
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 11-17-2017 2:00 PM Terrorism, Islamization, and Human Rights: How Post 9/11 Pakistani English Literature Speaks to the World Shazia Sadaf The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Nandi Bhatia The University of Western Ontario Joint Supervisor Julia Emberley The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in English A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Shazia Sadaf 2017 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Literature in English, Anglophone outside British Isles and North America Commons Recommended Citation Sadaf, Shazia, "Terrorism, Islamization, and Human Rights: How Post 9/11 Pakistani English Literature Speaks to the World" (2017). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5055. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5055 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Terrorism, Islamization, and Human Rights: How Post 9/11 Pakistani English Literature Speaks to the World Abstract The start of the twenty-first century has witnessed a simultaneous rise of three areas of scholarly interest: 9/11 literature, human rights discourse, and War on Terror studies. The resulting intersections between literature and human rights, foregrounded by an overarching narrative of terror, have led to a new area of interdisciplinary enquiry broadly classed under human rights literature, at the point of the convergence of which lies the idea of human empathy. -
PRINT CULTURE and LEFT-WING RADICALISM in LAHORE, PAKISTAN, C.1947-1971
PRINT CULTURE AND LEFT-WING RADICALISM IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN, c.1947-1971 Irfan Waheed Usmani (M.Phil, History, University of Punjab, Lahore) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES PROGRAMME NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2016 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is my original work and it has been written by me in its entirety. I have duly acknowledged all the sources of information which have been used in the thesis. This thesis has also not been submitted for any degree in any university previously. _________________________________ Irfan Waheed Usmani 21 August 2015 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First I would like to thank God Almighty for enabling me to pursue my higher education and enabling me to finish this project. At the very outset I would like to express deepest gratitude and thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Gyanesh Kudaisya, who provided constant support and guidance to this doctoral project. His depth of knowledge on history and related concepts guided me in appropriate direction. His interventions were both timely and meaningful, contributing towards my own understanding of interrelated issues and the subject on one hand, and on the other hand, injecting my doctoral journey with immense vigour and spirit. Without his valuable guidance, support, understanding approach, wisdom and encouragement this thesis would not have been possible. His role as a guide has brought real improvements in my approach as researcher and I cannot measure his contributions in words. I must acknowledge that I owe all the responsibility of gaps and mistakes in my work. I am thankful to his wife Prof. -
Punjab Muslim Students Federation and Pakistan Movement
Pakistan Perspectives Vol. 18, No.2, July-December 2013 Punjab Muslim Students Federation and Pakistan Movement Naumana Kiran* Abstract National movements need nations’ involvement for its success. It does not spare any social group or class. Students, an important social group, can bring quick success to any movement. Their energies, activism, eagerness and sacrifices were behind the success of the movement of Muslims of India for a separate homeland. Muslim nationalist students got conscious of their responsibilities in time and remained involved in the Pakistan Movement. This research paper is an attempt to bring into light the role played by the students of the Punjab from the platform of the Punjab Muslim Student Federation (PMSF). The paper examines how a Unionist-based province was converted into a Muslim League-based province. It highlights strategies adopted by the PMSF to popularise the idea of Pakistan in the Punjab; problems it faced; the sacrifices that the students rendered, as well as their stand on national political issues. An important element of the paper is its source material, including the files of gold medalists available at archives of the Pakistan Movement Workers Trust. A lot of the workers of the Pakistan Movement had been awarded with the gold medals as symbol to recognize their services. These files not only provide first-hand knowledge of the services of the students but are also an evidence of their contribution in the struggle for independence. Second important source is the interviews conducted by the researcher. Most of the elderly citizens of Pakistan responded in a very positive way and the information provided by them has enhanced the importance of this study. -
History of English Language (Eng1c03)
School of Distance Education HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE (ENG1C03) STUDY MATERIAL I SEMESTER CORE COURSE MA ENGLISH (2019 Admission ONWARDS) UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION Calicut University P.O, Malappuram Kerala, India 673 635. 190003 History of English Language Page 1 School of Distance Education UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION STUDY MATERIAL FIRST SEMESTER MA ENGLISH (2019 ADMISSION) CORE COURSE : ENG1C03 : HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE Prepared by : 1. Smt.Smitha N, Assistant Professor on Contract (English) School of Distance Education, University of Calicut. 2. Prof. P P John (Retd.), St.Joseph’s College, Devagiri. Scrutinized by : Dr.Aparna Ashok, Assistant Professor on Contract, Dept. of English, University of Calicut. History of English Language Page 2 School of Distance Education CONTENTS 1 Section : A 6 2 Section : B 45 3 Section : C 58 History of English Language Page 3 School of Distance Education Introduction As English Literature learners, we must know the evolution of this language over the past fifteen hundred years or more. This course offers an overview of the History of English Language from its origin to the present. This SLM will have three sections: Section A briefly considers the early development of English Language and major historical events that had been made changes in its course. Section B takes up the changes that have taken place in English through Foreign invasions in 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, besides it discusses the contribution of major writers to enrich this language. In the Section C, we trace out the evolution of standard English and the significance of English in this globalized world where technology reigns. -
Tender Document for Procurement of Books for Library
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION LAHORE TENDER DOCUMENT FOR PROCUREMENT OF BOOKS FOR LIBRARY Issued to: ___________________ Tender No. UE/Tender/201 7 - 1 8 / 32 i Purchase Section, University of Education, Township, Lahore Table of Contents S# Description Page # 1 Invitation to the Bid 1 2 Instructions to the Bidders 1 Terms and Conditions of the Tender 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Tender Eligibility 3 5 Examination of the Tender Document 3 6 Amendment of the Tender Document 3 7 Tender Price 3 8 Validity Period of the Bid 4 9 Bid Security 4 10 Bid Preparation and Submission 4 11 Modification and withdrawal of the Tender 6 12 Bid Opening 6 13 Preliminary Examination 6 14 Determination of the Responsiveness of the Bid 7 15 Technical Evaluation Criteria 8 16 Financial Proposal Evaluation 8 17 Rejection and Acceptance of the Tender 8 18 Contacting the Procuring Agency 9 19 Announcement of Evaluation Report 9 20 Award of Contract 9 21 Letter of Acceptance (LOA) 9 22 Payment of Performance Guarantee (PG) 9 23 Refund of Bid Security (BS) 9 24 Issuance of Supply Order or Signing the Contract 9 25 Redressal of Grievances by the Procuring Agency 10 General Conditions of Supply Order /Contract 11 26 Delivery of Items 11 27 Liquidated Damages 11 28 Inspection and Tests 11 29 Release of Performance Guarantee (PG) 12 30 Contract Amendment 12 31 Termination for Default 12 32 Mechanism for Blacklisting 12 33 Force Majeure 12 34 Termination of Insolvency 13 35 Arbitration and Resolution of Disputes 13 36 Forfeiture of Performance Security 13 37 Payment 13 38 Warranty -
Tentative Seniority List of Principals / Professors
Date of Date of 1st Date of Date of Date of Sen Name of Officer with Qualifi- Birth/ Whether CNIC No. entry into apptt. as apptt. in apptt. in Present Place of Posting Promotee / No parentage cation Home Govt. Service Lecturer BS-18 BS-19 Selectee District 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 TENTATIVE SENIORITY LIST OF PRINCIPALS/ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS (BS-19 GENERAL CADRE (COLLEGIATE BRANCH – MEN’S SECTION) AS IT STOOD ON 15-05-2019. 1. Muhammand Arif, 35201- M.A.Isl. 2.4.64 26.11.85 26.11.85 26.11.95 04.07.08 University of Education, Promotee S/O Ch.Muhammand Ali 1500952-5 Sheikhupura Township Lahore Campus 2. Muhammad Ali Bhatti, 61101- M.Sc- Eco. 15.5.63 21.11.87 21.11.87 20.10.94 04-07-08 Govt. Gordon College, Promotee S/O Muhammad Sharif 1841687-5 M.Phil T.T.Singh. Rawalpindi Bhatti 3. Muhammad Kaleem, 38302- M.Sc.Psy. 19.6.65 21.6.87 21.6.87 19.12.94 01.08.08 Govt. Gordon College, Promotee S/O Fazal Ur Rehman 1099092-5 Mianwali. Rawalpindi. 4. Abdul Majid, 34501- M.Sc. Eco 01.7.61 2.12.87 2.12.87 03.12.94 04.07.08 Govt. College, Asghar Mall, Promotee S/O Lal Din. 4713775-7 M.Phil Narowal Rawalpindi 5. Aamir Abbas Khan, 38403- M.A.History. 06.9.64 10.12.87 10.12.87 15.12.94 16.07.08 G. College, Farooqa, Sargodha Promotee S/O Zaffar Abbas Khan 224891-7 Sargodha 6. -
Ppsc and Css Solved Papers
Ppsc and css solved papers Paper of Assistant Food Controller 16-12-2013 by rizwanchaudhry » Mon Dec 16, 2013 10:06 pm 1. Largest city of Pak at the time of creation 1947? Dacca 2. Who produce film on Quaid “Jinnah”? Jamil Dehlvi 3. Punjab Govt. installing Coal project with China at? Godani Baluchistan 4. What is meant by FIQAH? Islamic Jurisprudence 5. What is meant by INFAQ? Spending money in the way of Allah 6. Who won last FIFA world cup? Spain 7. Real name of Ibn-e-Safi? Israr Ahmad 8. Who wrote book “Jinnah to Zia”? Justice Munir 9. Shikwa or Jawab-e-Shikwa Iqbal ki kis book me he? Bang-e-Darra 10. “Little growth with wealth” (estrah ki ek book thi koi ) wrote by? 11. Second five year plan? 1960-65 12. Last Umayyad Caliph was? Marwan II 13. Headquarter of International Court of Justice? Hogue 14. Dick Cheney was the? V. President of USA 15. In 1909 which reforms were presented? Minto Morly 16. Where all RTC were held? London 17. Where Quaid presented his 14 points? Dehli 18. Isa rul Sanadid wrote by ? Sir, Syed 19. A tale of two cities related to? French Revolution 20. Who was reltated to Russian revolution? Linen 21. Which country head visit to Pakistan first? Pehalvi 22. Mountbaten succeeded by ? Weval 23. Alexander the great invasion of india? 326 bc 24. Davis cup is related to? Tenis 25. Pak won T20 in? 20009 26. Who offered to become granter in Kashmir Issue recently? UN Sectary 27. China became independent country in? 1949 28. -
The United States Counter Terrorism Strategy 2001-2020 (Evolution, Prospects and Challenges)
Orient Research Journal of Social Sciences ISSN Print 2616-7085 June 2020, Vol.5, No. 1 [56-70] ISSN Online 2616-7093 The United States Counter Terrorism Strategy 2001-2020 (Evolution, Prospects and Challenges) Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Roy1, Muhammad Waqas Nawab 2 Saima Rafique3 1. Associate Professor Chairman, Department of Political Science, Govt. Murray College Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan 2. Lecturer, International Relations, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan 3. Ph. D Scholar, Department of Political Science, GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan Abstract The qualitative study examines the awful events of 9/11which led the United States to adopt a coherent counter terrorism strategy with the leading agenda of homeland security and protection of its citizens. It included the program to crush the global terror sponsoring individuals and organizations. The safekeeping of the people and country settled the leading determinant of the US counterterrorism policy immediately after the occurrence of horrible terrorist attacks. The Washington administration submitted its resolution to the UN Security Council which allowed the US and its allies to initiate Military Operation in Afghanistan against the dissidents & perpetrators of the 9/11 attacks. The War on Terror emerged as the policy response of the United States to the events of terrorist attacks on its soil. The dreadful attacks changed the American security policy, and threat perception, which led the evolution of US global war on Terror against al-Qaeda and its associates. Key Words: Counter Terrorism, Zero Tolerance, Military Operations, Coercive Diplomacy, Conflict Resolution Introduction The US policy paradigms were featured by Power shift, economic change, socio-political mobilization, increasing actors of world politics, dialogue diplomacy with the global leadership and change from conflict to cooperation.