COMBINED REPORT
INTENSIVE (LOCATIONAL) SURVEY OF SEVEN IMPACT AREAS FOR RUNWAY 6-24 EXTENSION, WETLAND REPLICATION/RESTORATION, AND TURTLE HABITAT ENHANCEMENT
AND SITE EXAMINATION OF LOCI 7, 8, 9 AND 10
IMPROVEMENTS TO GEORGE D. HARLOW FIELD/MARSHFIELD MUNICIPAL AIRPORT
MARSHFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS
MHC # RC. 8315
Prepared for
Gale Associates, Inc. 15 Constitution Drive Bedford, NH 03110
By
Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. 569 Middle Turnpike P.O. Box 543 Storrs, CT 06268
Authors:
Brian Jones, Ph.D. Ross Harper, Ph.D. Mary G. Harper
February 2013 ABSTRACT
Seven areas, totaling ca. 26 acres, within areas of the ancient Native American Site 19- PL-426. Previous Reconnaissance and Intensive (Locational) surveys conducted by University of Massachusetts Archaeological Services identified intact loci associated with the site. 454 shovel test pits were excavated at ten-meter intervals identifying four new Native American archaeological loci, numbered 7 through 10. An additional 202 shovel test pits were placed at five-meter intervals, as were 9 1x1-meter excavation units, within the identified loci. The testing produced 3911 lithics, 84 faunal materials and 242 historic artifacts. Thirty diagnostic projectile points date from the Early Archaic through Late Woodland periods. Identified projectile point types include Bifurcate-based, Neville, Stark, possible Merrimack, Wading River, Rossville and possible Madison, in addition to untyped Small Stemmed forms. The most abundant of these types likely date to the Early Woodland period. Three of the four loci have the potential to provide additional important information about Native American lifeways. Two historic components were also identified within Locus 9. A concentration of household-related artifacts, such as ceramics dated to ca. 1750-1775, suggest a house stood nearby. A small possible Settlement/Colonial-period hunting camp is suggested by European flint, a cut brass button and red earthenware.
i TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………..…i
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………….…….... v
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ……………………………………………………...... ….. x
I. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF WORK ………………………….………… 1 A. Introduction ………………………………………………………………….… 1 B. Scope of Work ………………………………………………………………...….. 2
II. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY OF PHASE 1 AND 2 SURVEYS ……………………………………………………………………………..4 A. Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey ……………………………………………. 4 B. Phase 2/Site Examination ……………………………………………………………. 5
III. ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT ……………………………. 8 A. Environmental Context Overview ……………………………………………. 8 B. Pre-Contact Native American Context Overview……………………………………. 8 C. Contact and Post-Contact Historic Context Overview ……………………………. 9 D. Results of Prior Studies at George D. Harlow Field ………………………...… 10
IV. RESULTS OF THE INTENSIVE (LOCATIONAL) SURVEY …………...……… 12 A. Walkover Survey …………………………………………………………….…….. 12 B. Subsurface Testing Overview …………………………………………...……… 14 C. Summary of Results by APE ……………………………………………….….. 17 D. Summary, Assessment and Interpretation of the Archaeological Loci Identified in Intensive (Locational) Survey ……………………………………………….….. 28
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE INTENSIVE SURVEY .…… ……………………………………………………………………..32 A. Locus 7 (APE 7) ……………………………………………………………...…… 32 B. Locus 8 (APE 4) ……………………………………………………………...…… 33 C. Locus 9 (APE 1) …………………………………………………………………... 33 D. Locus 10 (APE 1) ……………………………………………………………….….. 34 E. Finds Not Associated with Loci Identified in Intensive (Locational) Testing ...… 34
VI. PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION OVERVIEW …………………………………... 36 A. Introduction …………………………………………………………………... 36 B. Research Questions …………………………………………………………... 36
VII. RESULTS OF THE PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION SURVEY AT LOCUS 7 …... 38
ii A. Introduction …………………………………………………………………... 38 B. Results – Locus 7 ………………………………………………………………...… 38 C. Summary - Locus 7 …………………………………………………………... 39
VIII. RESULTS OF PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION AT LOCUS 8 ………………...… 41 A. Introduction ………………………………………………………………...… 41 B. Results – Locus 8 …………………………………………………………………... 41 C. Artifact Density and Distribution at Locus 8 ………………………………...… 45 D. Locus 8 Chronology …………………………………………………………... 46 E. Other Stone Tools at Locus 8 ……………………………………………...…… 48 F. Summary – Locus 8 ………………………………………………………...… 50 G. Recommendations – Locus 8 ………………………………………………...… 52
IX. RESULTS OF THE PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION SURVEY AT LOCUS 9 …... 55 A. Introduction ………………………………………………………………..…. 55 B. Results – Locus 9 ……………………………………………………………………55 C. Summary – Locus 9 …………………………………………………………... 72 D. Recommendations – Locus 9 ……………………………………………….….. 74
X. RESULTS OF THE PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION SURVEY AT LOCUS 10 .….. 76 A. Introduction ………...………………………………………………………… 76 B. Locus 10 Lithic Artifact Distribution ……………...…………………………… 78 C. Locus 10 Chronology …………………………………………………………... 79 D. Conclusion – Locus 10 …………………………………………………………... 81 E. Recommendations – Locus 10 …………………………………………………... 82
XI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PHASE 1 AND PHASE 2 SURVEYS ……………………………………………………………………..……. 83 A. Locus 7 …………………………………………………………………………... 83 B. Locus 8 …………………………………………………………………...……… 84 C. Locus 9 ……………………………………………………………………..……. 84 D. Locus 10 ……………………………………………………………………...…….85
XII. REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………... 86
APPENDIX I Figures …………………………………………………………………………... 94
APPENDIX II Phase 1 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogue Project-Wide ……..…………………... 171
APPENDIX III Phase 1 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogues by Loci and Field Scatter Finds ..…198 APPENDIX IV Phase 2 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogues by Locus ………...……………….. 240
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APPENDIX V Phase 1/Phase 2 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogue for Mars2 ….……………… 357
APPENDIX VI Phase 1/Phase 2 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogue for Mars3 …………………. 363
APPENDIX VII MHC Site Inventory Forms …………………………………………………….…… 368
iv LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Location of the Project Area on USGS Duxbury Quadrangle, 1:24000 (data layers from MassGIS).
Figure 2: Design Plan elucidating proposed runway expansions, as well as two wetland replication areas (A and B) and four designated turtle habitat enhancement areas (A, B, C & D).
Figure 3: APEs 1 through 7 within the Marshfield Airport project area projected on aerial photograph.
Figure 4: UMAS loci within the Marshfield Airport project area projected on aerial photograph.
Figure 5: Location and results of UMAS intensive (locational) survey in original project plans with new APE areas highlighted.
Figure 6: Overview of AHS Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) STPs on recent project plans.
Figure 7: AHS Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) STP locations and results within APE 1, APE 2 and APE 5.
Figure 8: AHS Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) STP locations and results within APE 2 and APE 6.
Figure 9: Sample STP profiles from APE 1, Locus 9.
Figure 10: Sample STP profiles from APE 1, Locus 10.
Figure 11: Projectile points recovered during the Intensive (Locational) Survey of Marshfield Airport Site 19-PL-426.
Figure 12: Possible groundstone tool fragment and nutting stone fragment from Intensive (Locational) Survey.
Figure 13: Sample STP profiles from APE 2.
Figure 14: AHS Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) STP locations and results within APE 3 and APE 7.
Figure 15: Sample STP profiles from APE 3.
Figure 16: AHS Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) STP locations and results within APE 4. Figure 17: Sample STP profiles from APE 4, Locus 8.
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Figure 18: Sample STP profiles from APE 5.
Figure 19: Sample STP profiles from APE 6.
Figure 20: Sample STP profiles from APE 7, Locus 7.
Figure 21 Archaeological loci identified during the intensive (locational) survey.
Figure 22: Location of Locus 7 and associated STPs within APE 7 (Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area D).
Figure 23: Location of Locus 8 in APE 4 (Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area A).
Figure 24: Location of Locus 9 within APE 1 (Runway 6-24 extension area).
Figure 25: Location of Locus 10 within APE 1 (Runway 6-24 extension area).
Figure 26: Results of the Phase 1 and Phase 2 archaeological testing of Locus 7 within APE 7/Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area D.
Figure 27: Examples of typical soil profiles within Locus 7.
Figure 28: Locus 7 profile view of excavated 1x1-meter unit N10W1.
Figure 29: Site Examination STP locations at Locus 8 with Intensive Survey STPs and 1x1- meter excavation units at N10E34 and S5E19 also shown.
Figure 30: Examples of typical soil profiles within Locus 8.
Figure 31: Locus 8 profile view of excavated 1x1-meter unit S5E9, south wall.
Figure 32: Locus 8 profile view of excavated 1x1-meter unit N10E34, north wall.
Figure 33: Historic artifact distribution within Locus 8.
Figure 34: Lithic artifact density within Locus 8 based on STP data.
Figure 35: Rhyolite artifact density within Locus 8.
Figure 36: Quartz artifact density within Locus 8.
Figure 37: Diagnostic artifacts recovered from Locus 8.
vi Figure 38: Early Woodland Rossville-like forms and other tapered-stemmed points from Locus 8.
Figure 39: Quartz projectile point fragments from Locus 8.
Figure 40: Early and Middle Archaic points from Locus 8.
Figure 41: Early Archaic Gulf of Maine Archaic Tradition micro-core and associated quartz scraper from Locus 8.
Figure 42: Locations of additional stone tools and fragments found within Locus 8.
Figure 43: Estimated relative sea-level change in southeastern Massachusetts.
Figure 44: Offshore bathymetry of southeastern Massachusetts.
Figure 45: Recommended areas of focused Phase 3 Data Recovery excavation if site avoidance is not possible at Locus 8.
Figure 46: Location of Marshfield Municipal Airport archaeological loci 9 and 10 examined in the Phase 2 survey overlain on project plans.
Figure 47: Location of STPs within Locus 9.
Figure 48: Location of historic components Mars2 and Mars3 within Locus 9.
Figure 49: Typical profiles from Locus 9/Mars1.
Figure 50: Typical profiles from Locus 9/Mars1.
Figure 51: Distribution of lithic artifacts from the topsoil across Locus 9/Mars1 component.
Figure 52: Distribution of lithic artifacts from the subsoil across Locus 9/Mars1 component.
Figure 53: Distribution of lithic artifacts from disturbed sediment contexts at Locus 9/Mars1 component.
Figure 54: Rhyolite artifact distribution within Locus 9/Mars1 component.
Figure 55: Distribution of individual flakes of homogenous, aphanitic red Saugus-like rhyolite across Locus 9/Mars1 component.
Figure 56: Distribution of red-brown rhyolite at Locus 9/Mars1 component. Figure 57: Quartz artifact distribution within Locus 9/Mars1 component.
vii Figure 58: Distribution of other lithic materials (non-quartz, non-rhyolite and non-fire-cracked rock) within Locus 9/Mars1 component.
Figure 59: Locus 9 – Neville-like point base fragment from STP N0E24-SE.
Figure 60: Locus 9 – lithic artifacts.
Figure 61: Locus 9 – stemmed Rossville-like points.
Figure 62: Locus 9 – drills and preforms.
Figure 63: Distribution of projectile points and fragments and a bifacial drill in Locus 9/Mars1 component.
Figure 64: Distribution of non-diagnostic lithic tools excluding projectile points and other bifaces in Locus 9/Mars1.
Figure 65: Faunal materials, fire-cracked rock and possible features from Locus 9.
Figure 66: Artifacts from the 18th-century component of Locus 9/Mars2.
Figure 67: Typical profiles from the Locus 9/Mars2 component.
Figure 68: Ford 1838 map of Marshfield Neck georeferenced to correspond to the locations of archaeological loci examination by UMAS and AHS, Inc.
Figure 69: Artifacts from Locus 9/Mars3.
Figure 70: Profile of excavation unit S16W10 and STP S15W10 west walls with possible remnant living floor feature (horizon 1) from Locus 9/Mars3.
Figure 71: Distribution of all lithic artifacts within Locus 10.
Figure 72: Sample STP profiles from Locus 10.
Figure 73: Distribution of lithic artifacts from buried wetland sediments within Locus 10.
Figure 74: Distribution of all rhyolite artifacts within Locus 10.
Figure 75: Distribution of all quartz artifacts within Locus 10.
Figure 76: Projectile point fragments from Locus 10.
Figure 77: Projectile point fragments from Locus 10.
viii Figure 78: Projectile point fragments from Locus 10.
Figure 79: Flaked stone tools from Locus 10.
Figure 80: Profile of excavation unit N5E9 in Locus 10, west wall.
ix MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
The Town of Marshfield, Massachusetts, is planning improvements to the George D. Harlow Field airport property. The improvements are around and within Runway 6-24, and include two wetland-replication and restoration areas, four turtle-habitat enhancement areas, and extension of the runway 840 feet southeast of its present terminus, inclusive of a 27,000-square- foot drainage pond/infiltration basin at the end of the runway extension. These seven Areas of Potential Effect (APEs), totaling ca. 25.9 acres, are in close proximity to several known loci of the ancient Native American Site 19-PL-426, which was identified and recorded based on avocational archaeological collection in the 1960s. Site loci identified adjacent to the APEs were defined by University of Massachusetts Archaeological Services (UMAS) in reconnaissance and intensive (locational) surveys conducted in association with earlier airport improvement projects Because the new APEs are in close proximity to archaeologically sensitive areas identified by UMAS, and within the larger, possibly airport-wide area of Ancient Native American Site 19-PL-426, the Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) requested that a Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Archaeological Survey of the APEs be conducted, in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (36 CFR 800), Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 9, Sections 26-27c (950 CMR 70-71) and MEPA (301 CMR 11). Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. (AHS) conducted the Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey, under contract to Gale Associates, Inc., airport planners for the project. The survey was conducted under MHC Permit # 3301. Four Native American archaeological loci (activity areas), numbered 7 through 10, were defined based on the distribution of materials recovered from non-disturbed soil contexts. All of the loci provide evidence of the remnants of ancient human activity at Site 19-PL-426, and appeared to potentially be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. AHS therefore recommended that Phase 2/Site Examinations be conducted at these four loci in order to collect sufficient data to permit a conclusive determination of the National Register eligibility of the loci. Locus 7 is located west of Woodbine Farm within Turtle Enhancement Habitat Area D. The locus covers a small, ca. 20-by-10-meter area on the south side of the runway. Phase 2 testing includes the excavation of 15 STPs at five-meter intervals and a single one-by-one-meter excavation unit. An Early Woodland Rossville point and two quartz cobble and debris fragments were found in the Phase 1. Only a single additional Ancient Native American artifact was found in the Phase 2: a fragment of quartz angular debris. Twelve historic-period artifacts were found, domestic refuse scatter probably associated with the adjacent Woodbine Farm, at Locus 8 (only one in the Phase 2). The very low artifact density and absence of features suggest neither the pre-Colonial nor the historic components of Locus 7 merit inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Locus 8 is located in the northeastern portion of the airport in Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area A. The Site Examination at Locus 8, on the northside of the runway resulted in the recovery of 1,186 artifacts recovered from 61 STPs (171 had been recovered in the Phase 1). Artifact typology indicates that at least five Native American components are present within Locus 8. Roughly half of the diagnostic artifacts are believed to be associated with the Early Woodland period. At least one Small Stemmed point represents a Late Archaic Wading River
x type. A quartzite Stark-like point dates to the Middle Archaic period. A quartz bifurcate point is likely about 8,000 radiocarbon years old, while a Gulf of Maine Archaic micro-core is probably between about 9,000 and 8,500 radiocarbon-years old. An additional 33 non-diagnostic tools are dominated by expedient cutting and scraping forms. Locus 8 has excellent integrity, with finds recovered from topsoil and subsoil contexts, and appears to be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places based on its information potential, and association with broad patterns of history. AHS recommended that the area of Locus 8 be avoided, thus Gale Associates, airport planners, has developed an alternative plan for the turtle-habitat enhancement that will not disturb Locus 8. Locus 9 is located at the end of Runway 6-24, and includes the areas into which the runway will be extended and a new drainage pond/infiltration basin will be built. Phase 2 testing at Locus 9 identified multiple areas of ancient Native American activity dating to the Archaic and Woodland periods, as evidenced by diagnostic projectile points. This Native American site component (referred to as Mars1) is distributed across the entire one-acre locus. The Native American component may be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D, the ability to yield information important to prehistory. However, most of the Native American cultural material was found in topsoil/plowzone contexts, somewhat compromising the integrity of the component. Although plowing has been demonstrated to have only a modest horizontal displacement effect, the topsoil/plowzone stratigraphic context of the Native American component of Locus 9 may reduce its eligibility for listing in the National Register. But, because the Locus 9 Native American component is part of Site 19-PL-426, and it cannot be avoided by the proposed airport improvements, AHS recommends that project-related impacts be mitigated by Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations of selected portions of Mars1 to answer targeted research questions. Locus 9 also contains two historic-period components identified in the Site Examination: Mars2, a third-quarter 18th-century component and Mars3, a possible Settlement/Colonial (17th to early 18th century) component. These components are spatially discrete, and considered separate sites. Mars2 is on the northern edge of Locus 9, bordering residential lawns. It is relatively small, measuring approximately 20 x 20 meters. An assemblage of household-related artifacts dated approximately from 1750 to 1775 was found in this component, inclusive of a button, liquor-bottle glass, Staffordshire earthenware, creamware, Delftware, lead waster, a kaolin pipe stem and a poorly documented gray-bodied green-glazed ceramic that has been found at mid- 18th-century sites in southern New England. No structural remains such as stone foundation walls or cellar hole features were found. It is entirely possible, however, that the Phase 2 testing missed structural remains, as period houses can be very small; it is also possible that the recovered artifacts are associated with a dwelling that is outside of Locus 9 beyond the APE. This component may also represent a dwelling place that had no foundation. AHS recommends that this 18th-century component undergo expanded Phase 2/Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations in order to remove a sample sufficient to more fully elucidate the nature of the occupation, preserve its informational value, and mitigate project-related impacts. The possible Settlement/Colonial period component (Mars3) is in the southwest portion of Locus 9, and measures approximately 15 by 5 meters in plan. This component is manifested by a small collection of early historic cultural material, including a flake of European flint, a cut and incised brass button, and red earthenware; a possible living floor feature was also identified. This assemblage matches artifact “signatures” of Settlement/Colonial period and Contact-period
xi sites found elsewhere in southern New England. Mars3 may represent a short-term hunting camp dating from the 1620s to the early 1700s such as lean-to or wigwam/wetu. It could be Native America, Euro-American, or even African-American. Settlement/Colonial period sites such as this are rarely found because they are so small and leave such a light signature. Such early historic sites are also often destroyed by development. Eastern Massachusetts was settled early but is also intensively developed. MHC considers early historic sites to be under-recorded and thus of high importance. AHS therefore recommends that Mars3, the possible Settlement/Colonial period component of Locus 9, undergo expanded Phase 2/Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations in which a sample of this component is removed in order to preserve its informational value and mitigate project-related impacts. Locus 10 is also located within APE 1, at the southern end of the runway on the southeast border of the proposed runway extension area; Phase 2 investigations identified an ancient Native American component in a 60 x 10-meter area. Projectile points indicate this component, part of Site 19-PL-426, was occupied in the Middle Archaic and Woodland periods. The integrity of the Middle Archaic component is very good, with many artifacts recovered in deeply buried intact sediments. Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations are recommended within a ca. 5 x 10 meter portion of Locus 9 in order to mitigate project-related impacts, as avoidance is not feasible.
xii
I. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF WORK
A. Introduction The Town of Marshfield, Massachusetts, is planning improvements to the George D. Harlow Field Marshfield Airport property (Figure 1). The improvements are around Runway 6- 24, and include two wetland replication and restoration areas, four turtle habitat enhancement areas, and an extension of the runway southeast of its present terminus, inclusive of a large drainage pond/infiltration basin at the end of the runway extension (Figure 2). These seven Areas of Potential Effect (APEs) are in close proximity to several known loci of the ancient Native American Site 19-PL-426. The site was first identified and recorded based on avocational archaeological collection in the 1960s (Mahlstedt 1985). The site loci identified adjacent to the APEs were defined by University of Massachusetts Archaeological Services (UMAS) in Reconnaissance and Intensive (Locational) Surveys conducted in association with earlier airport improvement projects (Binzen 2007; Binzen and Medina 2009). The proposed APEs, depicted on Figures 2, 3 and 5, include the following:
1. APE 1: Runway Extension and Drainage Pond/Infiltration Basin Area. This area includes the extension of Runway 6-24 approximately 840 feet southwest of its existing terminus; the extension will be 360 feet wide. APE 1, approximately 8.4 acres in size, also includes a 27,000- square-foot drainage pond/infiltration basin at the extreme end of the new runway extension.
2. APE 2: Wetland Restoration Area A. This 4-acre area is on the east side of the proposed new runway terminus.
3. APE 3: Wetland Replication Area B. On the northeast side of the current runway, this APE adjacent to the former Woodbine Farm includes three subareas on the farm perimeter, totaling 2.8 acres.
4. APE 4: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area A. This 1.5-acre area is on the northwest side of the existing runway.
5. APE 5: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area B. This 0.9-acre area is at the extreme southeastern end of the proposed runway extension.
6. APE 6: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area C. Immediately north of Wetland Restoration Area A, this 3.5-acre area is on the east side of the runway.
7. APE 7: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area D. Encompassing the old Woodbine Farm property, this 4.6-acre area is just south of Wetland Replication Area B.
Because the new APEs are in close proximity to archaeologically sensitive areas identified by UMAS, and within the larger, possibly airport-wide site area of 19-PL-426, the Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) requested that an Intensive (Locational) Archaeological Survey of the APEs be conducted, in compliance with Section 106 of the 1
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (36 CFR 800), Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 9, Sections 26-27c (950 CMR 70-71) and MEPA (301 CMR 11) (Simon 2011). In its review letter, MHC also requested that a Site Examination of Locus 1 of 19-PL-426 be conducted for the project. This locus (Figure 4) had been identified by UMAS as having archaeological integrity. However, Gale Associates, Inc., the project planners, redesigned the fence line originally proposed in Locus 1 to avoid the archaeological component within the locus, thus obviating the need for a Site Examination here. MHC therefore refined its recommendations to focus on Phase 1B/Intensive (Locational) Survey within undisturbed portions of the newly proposed improvements; these areas are considered archaeologically sensitive by MHC (Patton 2011a and b). Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. (AHS) conducted the Intensive (Locational) Survey of the seven impact areas, under contract to Gale Associates, Inc., in the summer of 2012. The survey was conducted under MHC Permit # 3301. The Intensive (Locational) Survey identified four ancient Native American loci (Loci 7-10) which appeared to be potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Locus 7 was identified in APE 7 (Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area D); Locus 8 was found in APE 4 (Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area A), and Loci 9 and 10 were identified in APE 1 (Runway Extension and Drainage Pond/Infiltration Basin Area). Phase 2/Site Examination surveys of these four loci were undertaken by AHS in the fall of 2012, under MHC Permit # 3336.
B. Scope of Work The purpose of a Phase 1B/Intensive (Locational) Survey is to locate and identify significant archaeological or historical resources that may be affected by the proposed project. An Intensive (Locational) Survey is defined as “a systematic and detailed archaeological field investigation for the purpose of locating and identifying the sites which exist in a given area” (950 CMR 70.04). The tasks of an Intensive Survey include preparation of a detailed research design and application for a permit from the MHC; background research in archaeological, environmental and historical sources to locate and/or interpret archaeological sites or cultural resources within the APE, if any; walkover visual inspection to refine estimates of archaeological sensitivity based upon the background research and consultation; manual subsurface testing, laboratory processing and curation of any recovered artifacts; and preparation of a comprehensive project report. The seven impact areas investigated in the Phase 1B/Intensive (Locational) Survey are within archaeologically sensitive areas identified by UMAS in a prior Phase 1A Reconnaissance Survey (Binzen 2007). Phase 1B/Intensive (Locational) archaeological testing by UMAS overlapped portions of several of the newly proposed impact areas. Immediately southwest of APE 1, the proposed runway extension/drainage pond area, UMAS identified an Ancient Native American component referred to as Locus 1. This locus was determined to have integrity and to be potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (Simon 2011). Locus 1 is considered a component of the ancient Native American Site 19-PL-426, which extends across the airport, based on avocational archaeological collection in the 1960s. Lithic artifacts from an intact subsoil context were found in Locus 1, and Site Examination archaeological investigations were recommended here if leaving the locus in situ was not possible. This locus, however, has been preserved in place. UMAS Locus 2 was along a linear strip of fence line
2
which extends through portions of APEs 2 and 6 (Figure 5); this strip yielded Ancient Native American artifacts but from disturbed soil contexts. A 2.3-acre portion of the currently proposed runway-extension/drainage pond area in APE 1 (UMAS Locus 3) was assessed by UMAS as disturbed. UMAS Loci 4, 5 and 6 were also determined to be disturbed, but these areas are outside of the new project impact areas (see Figure 5). AHS’s Phase 1B survey identified four new Native American archaeological loci (activity areas), based on the distribution of materials recovered from undisturbed contexts; AHS numbered the newly discovered loci following the UMAS sequence, thus designating the new loci as Loci 7-10 (Figure 4). The four new loci provided additional evidence of the remnants of ancient human activity at Site 19-PL-426. Because they appeared to be potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, Phase 2/Site Examination studies were undertaken at Loci 7-10. The purpose of a Phase 2/Site Examination is to collect sufficient data to enable MHC to make a conclusive determination of whether a site, or locus, meets one or more criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The four basic National Register of Historic Places criteria include the following:
A. Association with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history;
B. Association with the lives of persons significant in our past;
C. Distinctive design or physical characteristics, including representation of a significant entity whose individual components may lack distinction;
D. Demonstrated ability, or potential to yield important information about prehistory or history.
Sites may also qualify as Traditional Cultural Properties. In order for archaeological sites or loci to qualify for National Register listing, they must possess integrity, a degree of intactness such that the site data are not compromised and provide information important to understanding past human lifeways. Data on a site’s age, function, and horizontal and vertical parameters are also typical of information important for evaluating National Register eligibility. AHS’s research design and methodology were developed to meet the objectives of a Phase 2/Site Examination, as outlined in the next section.
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II. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY OF PHASE 1 AND 2 SURVEYS
A. Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey
A1. Documentary Research Documentary research undertaken included an updated review of MHC archaeological site files and the reports on Reconnaissance and Intensive (Locational) surveys performed in 2007 and 2009 at the airport by UMAS (Binzen 2007; Binzen and Medina 2009), as well as other archaeological surveys performed in Marshfield (Strauss 1993, 1994, 2000; Ives and Ritchie 2004; Graves and Ritchie 2005; Graves and Ritchie 2006). UMAS identified an ancient Native American component (Locus 1) immediately southwest of APE 1, the proposed runway extension/drainage pond area (Binzen and Medina 2009) (Figure 5). Locus 1 was assessed as possessing integrity and possibly eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The component is considered part of Site 19-Pl-426, which was recorded as extending across the airport property, based on avocational artifact collection in the 1960s (Mahlstedt 1985). UMAS found five other areas within the airport (Loci 2-6; Figures 4 and 5) to be disturbed (primarily adjacent to existing runways). Nearly all of AHS’s Phase 1B testing fell in areas that were not tested by UMAS, because at the time of UMAS’s survey no impacts were planned in these areas. AHS’s areas, however, had generally been assessed by UMAS in a Reconnaissance Survey as potentially intact and therefore archaeologically sensitive (Binzen 2007). The exception was a single transect of shovel test pits (STPs) in UMAS Locus 2 that runs through portions of the current APEs 2 and 6 (Figure 5). Although this narrow locus was disturbed, AHS conducted testing in the new impact areas surrounding it to determine whether intact archaeological components were present.
A2. Walkover Survey AHS conducted a walkover survey to examine the ground surface of the new APEs and refine our estimate of the amount of area that warranted subsurface testing (i.e., areas that appeared relatively undisturbed and had the potential to yield intact archaeological deposits). Hand coring was done in the new impact areas to confirm soil disturbance in areas of suspected poor integrity and to verify good soil context in areas that appeared undisturbed.
A3. Subsurface Testing AHS excavated STPs at 10-meter intervals within the portions of the APEs that expressed reasonable potential for containing intact subsoils and artifact deposits. The Phase 1B testing of the seven APEs resulted in the excavation of 454 STPs. The excavations were performed in accordance with MHC and Secretary of Interior standards. The test pits measured 50 x 50 centimeters in plan and were dug by hand with shovel and trowel, into the C-Horizon. Each test unit was excavated in 10-centimeter levels within visible cultural layers. All excavated soil was passed through 1/4-inch mesh to retrieve small artifacts and ecofacts (faunal and botanical material). Recovered artifacts and ecofacts were bagged and labeled in the field and their horizontal and vertical provenience information carefully recorded. Detailed soil profiles of each
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STP were drawn and photographed, and all STPs were precisely mapped (see figures in Appendix I).
A4. Artifact Processing All recovered artifacts and ecofacts were bagged in the field and delivered to AHS’s laboratory facilities in Storrs, Connecticut, along with all of the appropriate field paperwork, immediately following the Phase 1B testing. Strict data control was established by cataloguing every bag that was brought in from the field and placing the bagged artifacts in a separate storage location. In the “wet lab” the artifacts were removed from the field bags, the provenience information retained by placing the cultural material and bags in compartmentalized screens. Each artifact was washed, then placed in screens to dry. The artifacts were then rebagged into plastic envelopes, into which were placed acid-free tags on which the site name and number and provenience information were recorded. In our “dry lab” artifacts were identified and assigned unique numbers. The identification and provenience data were entered into our artifact inventory database program (see artifact catalogues in Appendices II and III). The artifacts from the Phase 1 survey are presented in Appendix II as project-wide, in Appendix III by locus. Upon completion of the laboratory processing, all of the artifacts and ecofacts were bagged into archival envelopes with acid-free identification tags, and placed in numerical order by artifact number into acid-free polypropylene boxes. The artifacts are organized in such a way that any individual artifact can be found immediately. Acid-free copies of the artifact inventory list and associated site paperwork have been made, copies of which are included in this report, and all storage boxes have been labeled clearly.
A5. Phase 1B Research Questions Research questions addressed in the Phase 1B/Intensive (Locational) Survey centered around defining components, temporal and spatial, within Site 19-PL-426, a Native American site which was identified in the 1960s by a local collector during airport construction. This site appears to have covered most, if not all, of the airport, and the 1960s collection includes stone tools diagnostic of the Archaic and Woodland periods. It is not known, however, precisely where on the property the diagnostics in the avocational collection were found, and no diagnostic artifacts were found in the UMAS surveys. However, because stone flakes and nondiagnostic tools were found in intact contexts in the UMAS surveys, AHS implemented an aggressive testing strategy in order to identify datable components to help interpret this important near- coastal site.
B. Phase 2/Site Examination AHS identified four loci of ancient Native American activity in the Phase 1B survey, all considered to be components of the airport-wide Site 19-PL-426. The four loci, numbered 7 through 10, were defined based on the distribution of artifacts recovered from relatively undisturbed soil contexts. Because of the apparent good stratigraphic integrity of the four loci, and the recovery of diagnostic artifacts, Phase 2/Site Examination was conducted at each locus in order to collect sufficient data to permit an assessment of the eligibility of the loci for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
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B1. Subsurface Testing The Phase 2 investigations were performed in accordance with MHC and Secretary of Interior standards. Each locus datum was established based on prior Phase 1 test pit locations so that the new site grid could be related to existing Phase 1 data. The location of these datum test pits was precisely recorded with a Trimble sub-meter-precision GPS unit and the Phase 1 transects appropriately adjusted (usually a shift of a small number of meters from their original mapped locations). Site control points were established using a Total Station and highly accurate prism-based reflector for distance measures. Each test unit, whether shovel test pit or 1x1-meter unit, was excavated by hand in 10-centimeter levels within visible cultural layers to ensure vertical control of artifact context and consistent evaluation of soil horizons and feature sediments. All excavated soil was passed through ¼-inch mesh to retrieve small artifacts and ecofacts (faunal and botanical material). Shovel test pits and 1x1-meter units were excavated until sterile glacial sediments were reached. Where sediments were water-logged, an effort was also made to excavate until glacial sediments were identified. Because of water-level changes in the vicinity of the airport, older terrestrial surfaces may now lie below the current water table, yet still contain significant archaeological artifacts or features. Recovered artifacts and ecofacts were bagged and labeled in the field and their horizontal and vertical provenience information was carefully recorded onto our standard forms. Detailed soil profiles of each pit were drawn, and all test pits were precisely mapped. Profiles of all 1x1- meter excavation units were also photographed. The interfaces of natural soil horizons were closely examined for the presence of Ancient Native American or post-Contact features such as post molds, pits or hearths. Features were excavated in 5cm levels within feature horizons. Feature matrices are typically bagged for flotation in the lab in order to retrieve extremely small artifacts and ecofacts. In the case of the single feature identified during the Phase 2 survey, this was not possible because the feature consisted of a very thin silty lens.
B2. Artifact Processing Artifacts were processed at AHS’s facilities as described in the Phase 1B methodology section above. Artifacts recovered in the Phase 2 testing were catalogued by locus (Appendix IV), and by components within Locus 9 (Appendices V and VI) (see Section VII below).
B3. Documentary Research Additional background research, historical mapping, and consultation with knowledgeable individuals was conducted to complement the existing background data compiled for this project. This included examination of prior archaeological work in the area and the broader archaeological and anthropological literature, geological reports, and engineering reports related to water level changes in the Green Harbor Marsh. Specific topics addressed in this phase of research included those relevant to lithic procurement strategies and the implication of the acquisition of local versus extra-regional raw materials on the economy and residential organization of the Native American occupants of Site 19-PL-426. The Intensive (Locational) Survey results suggested that a small number of extra-regional raw materials were brought to this site. The Site Examination was hoped to provide further information regarding the form in which these materials arrived, such as formal trade blanks, beach cobbles, or simply heavily curated tools, which have a bearing on the mechanism of raw material movement (such as
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indirect trade vs. direct procurement). Closely related to this issue are questions regarding stone tool-maintenance strategies and manufacturing methods. Underlying this research direction is the ability to accurately identify and source the lithic materials of each locus. Published papers in the regional professional literature and regional experts were consulted to address this issue. Another issue that was addressed is the change in sea level between the Archaic and Woodland periods and the formation of the modern marsh habitat in a once-terrestrial setting, as well as the effects of the tidal gate on 20th-century water tables in the area.
B4. Research Questions Research questions addressed in the Site Examination centered around refining the understanding of the four loci (Loci 7-10) as components within Site 19-PL-426, an ancient Native American site which was identified in the 1960s by a local collector during airport construction. This site appears to cover most, if not all, of the airport, and the 1960s collection includes stone tools diagnostic of the Archaic and Woodland periods. The primary goals of the Phase 2/Site Examination were 1) to establish the physical extent of each locus, 2) to assess the integrity of their cultural remains, 3) to assess the distribution of artifacts (including possible features, debitage and tools) within each locus to define areas of specific human activity, 4) to assess the cultural chronology of each locus and 5) to use this data to make recommendations regarding the significance and National Register of Historic Places eligibility of each area of investigation. Other, more specific questions were carried over from the Phase 1 survey. The results of the Intensive (Locational) testing indicated that a variety of lithic materials were used and discarded at Loci 7, 8, 9 and 10. Some uncommon lithic types were considered to have distant source areas, and an effort was therefore made to further evaluate these materials. Of particular potential research interest at Site 19-PL-426 is the relationship of site use to the changing environmental context surrounding the site area. As noted, the probability of both Archaic and Woodland-period site use suggests that these loci may have the potential to answer specific questions regarding Native American subsistence strategy transitions during the period in which sea-level rise resulted in the formation of the extensive marsh system adjacent to the site, significantly altering the nature of the local resource base. Published sea-level curves and environmental and engineering data were examined to better assess this possible research direction should the archaeological survey go to a Phase 3/Data Recovery effort.
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III. ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT
A. Environmental Context Overview The environmental context of the area of the George D. Harlow Airfield in Marshfield, Massachusetts, has been discussed in UMAS’s prior Reconnaissance (Binzen 2007) and Intensive (Locational) Surveys (Binzen and Medina 2009) and is summarized only briefly here. Marshfield lies in the Seaboard Lowland section of the New England physiographic province (Fenneman 1938) and within the Southern New England Coastal Plains and Hills ecoregion (MASSGIS). Much of the airport runway area consists of Udipsamments, with a wet substratum. Udipsamments consist of sand dunes and depressed or level, sandy areas that have been stabilized by vegetation. Other soil types within the property bounds include Carver loamy coarse sand of 0 to 3 percent slopes southwest of Runway 6-24. An Ipswich-Pawcatuck- Matunuck wetland complex defines much of the peripheral wetland zone associated with Green Harbor Marsh. Areas associated with airport support facilities (structures and paved locations) are classed as Udorthents-Urban Land. Vegetation in the area consists predominantly of a mixed oak-pine coastal forest type. The airport is located on Marshfield Neck (Figure 1), a raised area lying between the South River (to the north) and Green Harbor Marsh, which surrounds Bass Creek on the east and the Green Harbor River on the west. Green Harbor Marsh represents an inundated wetland, formed during the past millennia within the Bass Creek and Green River drainages as sea level rose. During the Archaic Period, the area was likely drier, and that these small rivers flowed through a terrestrial wooded habitat. At that time, the airport grounds represented a well-drained area of higher ground, very suited to human use. The subsequent development of the marsh created a large wetland system that would have been rich in plant and animal resources useful to Native American inhabitants of the area. Thus, Archaic-period site use is expected to reflect activity associated primarily with terrestrial woodland resources, while later Woodland activity may be more strongly tied to resources associated with wetland habitats.
B. Pre-Contact Native American Context Overview Binzen and Medina (2009) have summarized in detail the pre-Contact Native American cultural history of southeastern Massachusetts and archaeological sites documented in Marshfield, thus only an encapsulation is presented here. In sum, 21 archaeological surveys were conducted in Marshfield prior to AHS’s work at the airport. Associated survey reports, and data gathered from avocational archaeologists, indicate Native American use of the area since the Late Paleoindian period (Strauss 1993, 1994, 2000; Ives and Ritchie 2004; Graves and Ritchie 2005; Graves and Ritchie 2006). One report should be added to those already noted by Binzen and Medina. That is William Hallaren’s Prehistoric Indicators from Southeastern Massachusetts, an unpublished summary of sites excavated by this avocational archaeologist written in 1988 and made available through the Scituate Historical Society. This report details the author’s investigation of the North River Eden (or Plano) Site, subsequently examined by PAL, Inc. (Ives and Ritchie 2005). Based on these reports and local artifact collections made in the area, Marshfield is a town with a rich Native American past. Ancient Native American sites should be expected in most undisturbed areas that had access to fresh water, and it is not surprising that 20 sites have
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been documented within a two-mile radius of the project area (Binzen and Medina 2009: 24). The George D. Harlow airfield itself represents the location of a substantial collection of artifacts gathered during its construction in the 1960s. At that time, Raymond Seamans Jr. reported the site after gathering over a thousand artifacts from the airport grounds, and the site was subsequently designated 19-PL-426 and recorded by the MHC (Mahlstedt 1985). Diagnostic artifacts (those that can be approximately dated based on their stylistic traits) include types from the Late Archaic (Squibnocket triangles and Small Stemmed), Terminal Archaic (Atlantic-like), Early Woodland (Meadowood), Middle Woodland (Green and “Woodland Stemmed”) and Late Woodland periods (Levanna triangle). Most points found were of the Small Stemmed (17) and Squibnocket triangle (5) types, indicating that the most intensive period of site use likely occurred during the Late Archaic period between ca. 4,500 and 3,800 years ago, although some of the reported Small Stemmed points could date to the Early Woodland period as well. Thirty other tools and 22 cores were found in addition to these projectile points. In summary, Marshfield Airport contains a known Ancient Native American archaeological site that may be airport-wide. Archaeological surveys conducted at the airport have been undertaken primarily to identify intact remnants of Site 19-PL-426 as well as establish the extent of disturbance to the site.
C. Contact and Post-Contact Historic Context Overview A review of Marshfield’s Contact and post-Contact history is provided by Binzen and Medina (2009). At the time of the establishment of the earliest European settlements in coastal New England, what is now Marshfield was occupied by Native Americans affiliated with the Wampanoags. The project area lies within the North River/Plymouth/Pembroke Ponds core area of Native American habitation in the Contact Period (MHC 1982). There is documentation of Native Americans living in the area in the 17th and 18th centuries (Binzen and Medina 2009: 16- 18). No documented evidence of specific Settlement Period (1620-1675), Colonial Period (1675-1775) or Federal Period (1775-1830) Native American or Euro-American land use has been established for the property based on prior background research. No intensive deed research was undertaken, however, as it is not typically part of the scope of work of Archaeological Reconnaissance or Intensive (Locational) Survey. The historic map of 1831 first shows Route 139/Ocean Street, though it does not continue to the area of the modern airport property. Green Harbor Marsh is shown as wooded, while open land is indicated in the area of the airfield, suggesting it had been cleared, and may have been used agriculturally by this time. Old Colony Lane first appears on the 1838 Ford map (Figure 68), and two houses are shown in the area associated with a “C. Ford.” A dock is also shown on the Green Harbor River southwest of Runway 6-24. The 1860 census of agriculture returns indicates that Thomas P. Ford owned the property and was a typical small farmer. His property included 73 acres improved, 18 acres unimproved land, valued at $2000. The census lists 1 horse, 1 team of oxen, 2 cows and that he produced 50 tons hay, corn, oats, potatoes, 250 lbs. butter, and 60 lbs. cheese (U.S. Census Office 1860). The Ford farm can be considered a near subsistence, generalized farm, on the smaller size compared to others in the region. Thomas Ford is still evident on the map of 1879.
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As noted by Binzen and Medina (2009), no documented historical settlement appears to have occurred on the airport grounds itself, though the land was likely used agriculturally and may have once supported outbuildings. The Woodbine Farm barn, located southeast of the runway and since acquired by the town, was constructed c. 1900 (Clouette 2010).
D. Results of Prior Studies at George D. Harlow Field The UMAS Reconnaissance Survey conducted in 2007 concluded that it was likely that the airport grounds might contain unrecorded ancient Native American deposits in addition to previously recorded artifacts and that these could be located through systematic STP sampling. UMAS emphasized that attention should be paid to those areas that exhibited the least evidence of prior disturbance. These most sensitive areas were defined as “zones containing ‘normal’ sandy loam soils consistent with a historic plowzone; areas where the gently undulating ground surface that predates airport construction appears to be preserved; and peripheral vegetated or meadow areas on the east and south that are adjacent to the Green Harbor River or the Green Harbor Marsh” (Binzen 2007: 22). The main historic resources of concern included possible traces of an extension of Old Colony Lane and evidence of the 19th-century dock southwest of Runway 6-24. Most of the airport was considered to express low general sensitivity for historic- period archaeological resources (Binzen 2007: 23). It was recommended that areas of future impacts, which at the time included the extension of Runway 6-24, the relocation of the eastern perimeter fence, and the area of eastern runway relocation, undergo Intensive (Locational) Survey. In 2008, UMAS conducted Intensive (Locational) Archaeological Survey of six areas of proposed disturbance within the airport (Binzen and Medina 2009). A total of 117 shovel test pits were excavated, in locations that appeared potentially undisturbed. Native American artifacts were recovered from all six areas of investigation, designated Loci 1-6 of Site 19-PL- 426 (Figure 5). In five of the six loci, artifacts were recovered from disturbed soil contexts resulting from prior airport runway-construction activity. Such artifacts were assessed to have a low research value, thus Loci 2 through 6 were not considered eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Locus 1, located in a proposed fence-relocation area close to the Green Harbor River southwest of Runway 6-24, did produce artifacts from good soil contexts. Quartz, rhyolite and argillite debitage were identified, as was a possible slate scraping tool. UMAS recommended that Locus 1 undergo a Phase 2/Site Examination if it was to be disturbed during planned future construction. Locus 1, however, is being preserved in situ and will not be impacted, thus no additional archaeological testing was conducted there. The historic barn on the Woodbine Farm parcel, east of the runway (Figure 4) within APE 7, was documented by PAST, Inc. in 2010 (Clouette 2010). The gable-roofed center part of the barn, the equivalent of a 2½-story building in height, measures 40’ wide by 50’ long. Such gable-end barns appeared in New England before the Civil War and became the norm in the second half of the 19th century. The parcels that make up the present 31-acre property all were part of a remarkable episode of coastal engineering, the reclamation of the Green Harbor River marshes, that not only caused long-term strife in Marshfield but also attracted substantial national attention. Schemes to drain the marshes had been proposed earlier, but in 1871 property owners secured from the state legislature the right to construct a dike across the river to isolate the marshes from the influx of salt water. The idea was to turn the marshes, which produced
10 only salt hay, a low-value crop, into productive farmland that could be used for field crops, upland hay meadows, and pasture. At a cost of some $32,000, the property owners completed the dike, associated sluices, and tide gates in 1872, thereby reclaiming 1,334 acres of land. It was one of the largest reclamation projects ever undertaken outside of Europe, and it remained the largest in the northeastern United States for decades thereafter (Clouette 2010). The PAST report concluded that the Woodbine Farm barn has heritage value in recalling not only Marshfield’s agricultural past in general, but also for its associations with the marsh- reclamation project. The MHC offered its opinion on January 19, 2011, that the Woodbine Barn (MHC #MRS.287) did not meet the Criteria of Eligibility because of a lack of integrity. The MHC acknowledged that the barn is important to the town because they associate it with 19th- century agricultural development and the Marshfield Historical Commission ensured that the barn was systematically dismantled, rather than demolished, and the structure has been reconstructed at a horse farm in Hingham.
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IV. RESULTS OF THE INTENSIVE (LOCATIONAL) FIELDWORK
A. Walkover Survey AHS was provided maps of the proposed runway alterations by Gale Associates, Inc. and transferred this data to its own GIS. Seven APEs were defined on the map titled “Runway 6-24 Design Only and Environmental Permitting AIP No. 3-25-0030-18-2010, George D. Harlow Field (GHG), Town of Marshfield, Massachusetts” dated May 23, 2011 (Figures 2 and 3). This plan indicates the proposed runway expansion and construction of a drainage pond/infiltration basin at the southern end of the runway, as well as two wetland-replication/restoration areas (A and B) and four designated turtle habitat enhancement areas (A, B, C & D). These areas are briefly described below. During the walkover inspection of the project, AHS utilized the GIS boundaries of these APEs in its Trimble GeoXT GPS unit so that they could be accurately flagged in the field for later use. During the walkover inspection, a 2-inch-diameter hand-auger was used to examine soil conditions at 43 locations across the APE. GPS positions were recorded for each of these locations, as well as five other control points, such as mere stones and fence corner locations used to verify field accuracy and later mapping. The following summarizes observations made regarding each of the seven APEs evaluated by AHS.
APE 1: Runway Extension and Drainage Pond/Infiltration Basin Area. This area includes the extension of Runway 6-24 approximately 840 feet southwest of its existing terminus; the extension will be 360 feet wide. APE 1, approximately 8.4 acres in size, also includes a 27,000- square-foot drainage pond/infiltration basin at the southwest corner of the runway extension (Figures 2 and 5). Seventeen soil probes were taken in this area. The northern portion of this APE (closest to Old Colony Lane) was identified as significantly impacted by prior airport grading activity. This condition had also been field-verified by UMAS’s Intensive (Locational) Survey in 2009, where “Survey Unit 3”/Locus 3 overlaps the northeast portion of APE 1 (see Figure 5). Much of the southwestern and southern portion of the APE was covered by wetland sediments or areas of apparent ground disturbance. The remaining ca. 3.1 acres of APE 1 appeared to exhibit limited disturbance and were deemed testable.
APE 2: Wetland Restoration Area A. This 4-acre area is on the east side of the proposed new runway terminus (Figures 2, 3 and 5). Four soil probes taken in this area reflected poor soil integrity. Most of the area appeared to have been graded by heavy equipment in the past. A narrow portion of the UMAS Intensive (Locational) Survey (“Survey Unit 2”/Locus 2) passed through APE 2 (see Figure 5), and determined that the tested transect was largely disturbed. To ground-truth its own field observations and those of UMAS, AHS designated 1.9 acres within APE 2 as potentially testable; AHS was also conservative, as intact loci associated with Site 19- PL-426 could be fragmented by development and present in “pockets” across the airport.
APE 3: Wetland Replication Area B. On the northeast side of the runway, this area adjacent to the former Woodbine Farm includes three sub-areas on the eastern farm perimeter, totaling 2.8 acres (Figures 2, 3 and 5). Ten soil probes were taken in this area during the walkover survey. Many of the probes north of Woodbine Farm expressed a black “wet meadow” sediment
12 underlain by a sandy, dark yellow-brown subsoil. Although these sediments are now damp, they were considered testable because an increase in the water table over the past 2,000 years (because of the proximity of tidal marshes) is assumed to have resulted in the transformation of once dry, habitable sediments into their modern semi-hydric condition. This suggests that sites predating the Late Woodland could be present. About 1.7 acres of this APE were designated as testable. Untestable areas consisted largely of standing water or wetlands adjacent to Woodbine Farm.
APE 4: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area A. This 1.5-acre area is on the northwest side of the existing runway (Figures 2, 3 and 5). UMAS tested northeast (“Survey Unit 5”/Locus 5) and southwest (“Survey Unit 6”/Locus 6) of this area in 2009 and found the areas disturbed (Figure 5). The area was not investigated with soil probes as it was originally assumed to be disturbed based on the results of the nearby UMAS reconnaissance surveys. APE 4 lies further from the runway, however, and although not probed, it appeared much less disturbed than these nearby areas and a decision was made to investigate the area more closely with STPs. The northwestern half of the APE was covered by wetland sediments and could not be tested. The remaining ca. 0.6 acres closer to the runway were considered testable.
APE 5: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area B. This 0.9-acre area is at the extreme southeastern end of the proposed runway extension (Figures 2, 3 and 5). A single soil probe was examined in this small APE and verified that much of the ground here has been impacted by runway construction. The southeastern edge of this APE falls within UMAS’s linear “Survey Unit 2”/Locus 2 area that was tested and found to be disturbed. About 0.2 acres of APE 5 were considered to be potentially intact and were designated as testable.
APE 6: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area C. This 3.5-acre area is on the east side of the runway south of Woodbine Farm (Figures 2, 3 and 5). A narrow portion of this APE was tested by UMAS in 2009 as the linear “Survey Unit 2”/Locus 2 and found to be disturbed. AHS examined seven soil probes within this APE, most of which expressed disturbed soil characteristics. However, some potentially intact soil strata, including black meadow sediments overlying intact subsoils, suggested that portions of the APE should be tested with STPs to verify the level of disturbance here. About 1.8 acres of APE 6 were designated as testable.
APE 7: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area D. This 4.6-acre area encompasses the old Woodbine Farm property (Figures 2, 3 and 5). Four soil probes were examined within this APE, all of which expressed disturbed soil contexts. Much of the area has been altered by the construction of the farm and its associated outbuildings, race track and paddock areas. Many of the wetlands and ponds appear to have been artificially made as well. Despite these alterations to the landscape, AHS designated ca. 1.3 acres within APE 7 as potentially intact and testable.
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B. Subsurface Testing Overview This section provides an overview of the Phase 1 subsurface testing results, with a project-wide discussion of soil conditions and integrity that is important for understanding the testing results and conclusions presented in Sections IV.C and IV.D. APE-specific attributes are discussed below, on a micro-scale level. The Phase 1 testing was conducted at ten-meter intervals between STPs along linear transects spaced ten meters apart unless isolated by areas of existing dirt roads, airport-related structures or significantly disturbed ground. Where isolated finds were made (that is, artifacts were recovered from STPs in a good context but surrounded by sterile test pits), arrays of four STPs were excavated in the cardinal directions two meters from the central findspot. In our experience, two-meter arrays are more likely to identify potentially related finds than are 5-meter arrays, which have the risk of casting too large a sampling net to find small sites. Sixteen array pits were excavated around four isolated artifact occurrences. Seven judgmentally-placed STPs were also excavated in isolated areas not suitable for linear transect sampling. Most of these were located along the southeastern periphery of the Woodbine Farm parcel (APE 7). In total, AHS excavated 454 STPs within the seven project APEs in the Intensive (Locational) Survey (Figure 6), identifying four loci of Site 19-PL-426. The four loci were numbered Loci 7-10, following UMAS’s numbering system (Figure 4). Eighty-six STPs produced non-modern artifacts: 73 of these included Native American lithic material (primarily stone tool-manufacturing debris), seven contained faunal remains (three with calcined bone fragments, four with marine shell), and 19 test pits contained historic materials (such as glass, historic ceramic sherds, and metal). These project-wide finds are summarized in Table 1 and identified in detail in the artifact inventory catalogue in Appendix II.
Table 1: Project-wide Artifact Summary of the Intensive (Locational) Survey Material Total Lithic 564 Historic Ceramic 34 Faunal 36 Metal 8 Glass 41 Historic Pipe 1 Total Artifacts: 684
The assessment of the potential significance of these finds rests largely on their context. To meet National Register eligibility requirements for significance, a site must express good enough integrity to make meaningful statements about the spatial relationship between artifacts identified so that interpretations of site use reflect the reality of past activities. In theory, artifacts should lie as close as possible to their originally discarded position in order to develop informed hypotheses regarding site function. In practice, a number of post-depositional forces act on most artifact assemblages in the Northeast region that have resulted in a degree of artifact movement in the soil. These forces include natural soil pedogenic processes (e.g., Cremeens 2003) as well as disturbances caused by plants and animals (including humans) to the soil (e.g., Schiffer 1987; Johnson and Watson-Stegner 1990).
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In New England, given sufficient time, ancient tree throws, animals burrowing and long- term pedogenic processes have resulted in the movement of most artifacts up to as much as a meter in typical cases. Most New England soils are not developed in accretionary environments, such as floodplains, where ancient land surfaces are slowly buried over time, resulting in the separation of archaeological components. Rather, artifacts once dropped on the surface are subject to soil-formation processes and bioturbation that result in their gradual burial. Artifacts tend to circulate at a slow rate within the active topsoil horizon until eventually coming to rest at the energy gradient marked by the transition to the top of the subsoil horizon (Cremeens 2003). The weathered subsoil horizon (typically a dark yellow-brown cambic B-horizon) represents a low-energy environment largely unaffected by the bioturbation processes of the topsoil that enrich that zone with organic matter giving it its typical dark brown cast. Provided enough time (generally speaking, a thousand or more years), many artifacts become trapped at the top of the subsoil horizon, and fall out of the active circulation zone of the topsoil. This gradual process explains the formation of typical artifact lag-horizons noted on most sites across the region. While these artifact-dense horizons are often interpreted as “living surfaces,” they usually result from natural soil-formation processes. Nonetheless, artifacts encountered within the upper B-horizon are often considered to have better context than those in the active A-horizon or plowzone, if only because they have been gradually captured within a less turbulent soil matrix. Realistically, artifacts from the A- horizon that express evident non-random spatial patterning can be assumed to have relatively good integrity at the scale of most human activity (typically measured at the scale of meters). While the higher rate of artifact movement within a plowzone setting can be problematic, data recovered from this context can often provide important information regarding site organization, with the caveat that small-scale patterning can become blurred (e.g., Frink 1984). Plowing on slopes has been shown to increase soil erosion and displace artifacts over time, but tilling across relatively flat surfaces has a limited effect on horizontal artifact displacement (Roper 1976; Odell and Cowan 1987). After multiple episodes of plowing, most artifacts have been shown to migrate less than a meter from their original locations. In a broad perspective, the potential negative effects of plowing on New World sites is significantly less than that experienced in Europe, where tilling has been nearly continuous for many millennia. The horizontal displacement of artifacts as a result of historic-period agricultural activity on the grounds of the Marshfield airport is therefore limited and is not likely to have masked significant artifact patterning that resulted from past human activity. Artifacts found in disturbed sediment horizons are considered to have poor integrity and can only provide information regarding the general presence or absence of certain raw materials, tools or diagnostic (datable) artifacts from the site area. In extreme cases, these artifacts may represent materials redeposited from off-site areas that have no bearing on ancient activity within the area of study. Extreme caution must therefore be taken when evaluating such finds. The distribution of historic-period artifacts (primarily 19th- and early 20th-century) indicates that most (ca. 80%) were recovered from disturbed redeposited soil contexts (Table 2). The airport grounds were manipulated heavily during construction in the 1960s in order to develop a level runway surface and effective drainage. Grading across most of the runway and peripheral areas resulted in the scalping of sediments from higher elevation areas and their
15 redeposition in low elevation areas. This was evident in many of the STPs excavated during this survey. Nineteen percent of the historic artifacts are associated with the plowzone, while a single find was made in an apparent subsoil context. While the latter is unexpected, even recently deposited artifacts can be incorporated into the subsoil through bioturbation. In general, the context of these finds during the Phase 1 survey indicated that the historic materials recovered from the site express little integrity. Most are believed to be associated with peripheral historic activities, including purposeful manuring of household waste, associated with the nearby farms such as the Ford family farm on Old Colony Lane and the Woodbine Farm. Faunal remains recovered from the site express an even more disturbed context. Of the 36 finds, 34 (94%) were recovered from redeposited sediments while just two were located within the plowzone. The latter represent small calcined bone fragments from APEs 7 and 8.
Table 2: Soil Association of Historic Artifacts Historic Soil Association Artifact Count Proportion Redeposited 67 79.8% Plowzone 16 19.0% Subsoil 1 1.2%
Table 3 summarizes the soil context of Native American lithic artifacts recovered during AHS’s survey of Marshfield Airport. About 27% of the artifacts recovered came from a disturbed context. Though it is likely that the redeposited sediments and the artifacts they contain are derived from within the airfield grounds, these artifacts can only contribute very general information about the past use of the site as a whole, such as the presence or absence of certain raw material types and of temporal components (represented by displaced diagnostic tools).
Table 3: Soil Association of Lithic Artifacts Lithic Artifact Soil Association Count Proportion Redeposited 153 27.1% Plowzone 352 62.4% Subsoil 52 9.2% Wetland Sediments 7 1.2%
The majority of finds (ca. 62%) were recovered from a plowed topsoil context. The airport grounds are reported to have been used agriculturally prior to construction, and probably through much of the 19th century (Binzen and Medina 2009: 25). These artifacts are expected to express moderate horizontal displacement because of plowing activity, but evident non-random
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artifact concentrations should reflect general site organization patterns, such as the concentration of specific raw materials classes resulting from past tool-making episodes. About 9% of the lithic materials were recovered from a subsoil context, indicating that these finds are ancient enough to have worked their way into this low-energy sediment horizon. A small number of artifacts were also recovered from buried wetland sediments. The current wetland condition of these soils likely reflects late Holocene changes in the water table that have resulted from sea- level rise. The context of these artifacts should be considered quite good. In general, such artifacts are expected to express less horizontal displacement than those from a topsoil or plowzone context and, though they may have drifted vertically over time, they are usually interpreted as having good integrity.
C. Subsurface Testing Results by APE
C1. APE 1: Runway Extension/Drainage Pond/Infiltration Area. This ca. 8.4-acre area includes the proposed extension of Runway 6-24 and new drainage pond/infiltration basin at the extreme southwest end of the runway. This area lies east of UMAS’s Locus 1, southwest of UMAS’s Locus 3 and west of Locus 2 (Figures 4 and 5). UMAS Locus 1, an area of linear testing along a proposed fence line, was determined by UMAS to contain Native American artifacts (a slate or argillite edge tool and a small amount of quartz and rhyolite debitage from STPs 42, 43 and 116, see Figure 5) from intact soil horizons and it was recommended that this area be avoided by project planners and preserved in situ (Binzen and Medina 2009). Gale Associates, project planners, redesigned the plans so that Locus 1 no longer falls into proposed construction areas. UMAS Locus 2 is a long linear area along a proposed perimeter fence east of the runway (Figures 4 and 5); the entire tested area was found to consist of redeposited sediments associated with past runway construction. Sixteen STPs contained Native American artifacts from the disturbed sediments (quartz and rhyolite debitage and a rhyolite biface), indicating that Site 19-PL-426 once extended across Locus 2, but the disturbed soil conditions meant finds from this area had little research value. UMAS tested an L-shaped ca. 1.5-acre portion of this APE in 2009 in its Survey Unit 3/Locus 3 (Figure 5), but determined that it was too disturbed to produce significant archaeological information. UMAS excavated 17 STPs in Locus 3, 14 of which were sterile. Two UMAS test pits (48 and 50) produced historic-period cultural material and one (STP 105) produced Native American material. Test pits placed at close intervals around this STP were sterile. Only a single quartz flake was found in a compromised soil horizon here. Soils were generally found to be significantly disturbed in this area beside the existing runway, thus this find was not considered significant. This disturbed Locus 3 area, however, abuts the end of the current runway, where prior airport-related disturbance is most likely in this APE. Based on field observations, including soil probes, AHS determined that a good portion of the remainder of APE 1 likely had higher archaeological potential than Locus 3. This portion of APE 1 is further from previous runway-related construction disturbance and lies closer to Locus 1, the intact Ancient Native American archaeological component of 19-PL-426 found during the UMAS survey which has been preserved in place (Figure 5). Eliminating the UMAS Locus 3 survey block reduced APE 1 to 6.9 acres, but AHS determined that approximately 2.75 acres of this APE were disturbed or untestable because of
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wetland sediments or standing water. The remaining 4.15 acres of APE 1 were tested at 10- meter intervals. AHS excavated 134 STPs within APE 1 (four of which were array pits around an isolated find). The pits were placed along Transects T16, T17, T18, T19, T20, T21, T22, T23, T24, T26, T34, T35, T36, T37, T38, T39 T40 and T41. Thirty-seven (27.6%) of the STPs in APE 1 contained Native American lithic artifacts (Figure 7). The Phase 1 testing of APE 1 resulted in the recovery of 379 ancient Native American lithic artifacts, and five historic-period artifacts. The historic-period artifacts include two sherds of red earthenware from Pit T16-8, one red earthenware sherd from Pit T20-5, a piece of green window glass from T20-6, and a nail from Pit T20-7 (see Table 4). This very low-density assemblage, found in plowzone or possible fill contexts, appeared to be typical field scatter of little or no significance. (In the subsequent Phase 2 Site Examination, three of the artifacts were determined to be part of a discrete locus, Mars2, as discussed in Section IX). The lithics were concentrated in two areas – one in the northwest part of APE 1 and one in the southeast part. The two were designated as Locus 9 (333 lithic artifacts) and Locus 10 (46 lithic artifacts) (Figures 21 and 46). Soils varied somewhat across the large area of APE 1. Most soils showed little evidence of modern disturbance. Typically, a ca. 5cm thick sod horizon (Ao) was followed by dark brown (10YR 3/3) to very dark gray-brown (10YR 3/2) plowzone (Ap) consisting of fine sandy loam to depths between 26 and 35 centimeters below the ground surface. The Ap was underlain by a subsoil horizon (B2/1) consisting of yellow-brown (10YR 4/6 or 5/6) loamy sand to depths between 45 and 67 centimeters below ground surface. A B2/2 horizon was encountered at between 60 and 70 centimeters, consisting of yellow-brown fine sand (10YR 5/6 and 7/6) to a depth of around 80 centimeters. The subsoil horizons are underlain by unweathered glacial sediments (C-horizon) consisting of light yellow-brown (10YR 6/4) to light olive-brown (2.5Y 5/4) coarse sand and gravel. Shovel test pits terminated in the C-horizon at depths between 70 and 100 centimeters below ground surface (see sample STP profiles in Figures 9 and 10).
Table 4: Historic Artifacts Recovered from APE 1 STP Count Type Class Soil Context T16-8 1 coarse red earthenware brown lead Ap (Plowzone) earthenware * glaze T16-8 1 coarse red earthenware (no glaze) Ap (Plowzone) earthenware * T20-5 1 coarse red earthenware clear lead glaze B21 (Upper earthenware Subsoil) T20-6 1 Green flat glass Redeposited Ap/Fill T20-7 1 Iron * Nail Fill 1
* These artifacts were discovered in Phase 2 survey, to be part of a discrete historic-period locus, Mars2, as discussed in Section IX. 18
Lithic raw materials within APE 1 are dominated by varieties of rhyolite (42%) and quartz (36%). Hornfels-like materials represent about 13% of the assemblage, while chert (1.6%) and quartzite (less than 1%) are uncommon (Table 5).
Table 5: Raw Lithic Materials Recovered from APE 1 Count Type Proportion 1 Chalcedony 0.3% 6 Chert 1.6% 3 crystal quartz 0.8% 50 hornfels-like 13.2% 3 Mudstone 0.8% 2 possible chert 0.5% 1 possible hornfels 0.3% 1 possible slate 0.3% possible spherulitic 1 rhyolite 0.3% 136 Quartz 35.9% 3 Quartzite 0.8% 159 Rhyolite 42.0% 13 unidentified lithic 3.4%
Twenty-six stone tools or fragments were identified during the survey of APE 1 (Table 6). All of the tools in Table 6 were recovered from Locus 9, with the exception of the untyped Small-Stem projectile point from STP T26-2 found in Locus 10 (see following discussion of individual loci and Figures 11 and 12 for diagnostic artifact photographs). Twelve of the tools are manufactured from quartz (46% of tools), while eight are manufactured from rhyolite (31%). This reversal of the proportions compared to the overall lithic assemblage (primarily consisting of debitage) indicates that quartz tool forms were discarded on site at a higher rate than expected. Based upon the abundance of rhyolite tool manufacturing debris from APE 1, many of these quartz tools were arguably being replaced by those of rhyolite. Another possible interpretation is simply that the quartz tools were more expedient than those of rhyolite, and were discarded more readily. Such questions could be addressed during future studies of this area. A nutting stone fragment and possible groundstone fragment were also identified in Locus 9 (Figure 12). The possible groundstone fragment exhibits some striations and a very smooth surface, but its fractured margins are worn smooth, suggesting it is actually a glacially-modified natural pebble fragment.
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Table 6: Stone Tools Recovered from APE 1 and Associated Soil Context STP Count Lithic Tools from APE 1 Soil A14 1 rhyolite biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) T16-8 1 unidentified lithic unidentified groundstone fragment Ap (Plowzone) T17-10 1 quartz utilized flake Ap (Plowzone) T17-11 1 quartz biface fragment Ap (Plowzone)2 T17-8 1 hornfels modified cobble fragment B21 (Upper Subsoil) T17-8 1 quartz biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) T17-9 1 unidentified lithic nutting stone fragment Ap (Plowzone) T18-10 1 rhyolite retouched flake Ap (Plowzone) T18-7 2 mudstone biface fragments B21 (Upper Subsoil) T18-8 1 quartz biface fragment B21 (Upper Subsoil) T18-8 1 quartz utilized flake Ap (Plowzone) T18-8 1 rhyolite possible utilized flake B21 (Upper Subsoil) T19-10 1 quartz utilized primary cobble reduction fragment Ap (Plowzone) T19-10 1 rhyolite Merrimack-like projectile point whole Ap (Plowzone) T19-6 1 quartz Squibnocket triangle projectile point base fragment Ap (Plowzone) T19-7 1 quartz possible wedge fragment Ap (Plowzone) T19-8 1 rhyolite flake knife fragment Ap (Plowzone) T19-9 1 quartz scraper fragment Ap (Plowzone) T20-4 1 quartz utilized angular debris Redeposited Ap T20-4 1 rhyolite knife Redeposited Ap/B21 T20-6 1 quartz biface fragment Redeposited Ap/Fill T20-6 1 rhyolite untyped Small Stemmed projectile point without tip Redeposited Ap/Fill T22-3 1 rhyolite biface tip fragment Ap (Plowzone) T22-5 1 quartz biface Ap (Plowzone) T26-2 1 hornfels untyped Small Stemmed projectile point without tip Ap (Plowzone)? †
In addition, fire-cracked rock fragments were recovered from STPs T18-7, T19-7, T19- 10, T20-5 and T22-7 (Locus 9, see below). Fire-cracked rock is a probable indicator of Native American cooking features in the vicinity of the finds. The results of the Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey defined two loci, 9 and 10, discussed in more detail below.
C2. APE 2: Wetland Restoration Area A. A narrow transect within this ca. 4-acre APE, designated Survey Unit 2/Locus 2, was tested in the UMAS Phase 1B archaeological survey and found to be disturbed (Figure 5). The UMAS testing within APE 2 included 21 STPs (numbered 1-20, 38), eight of which yielded historic-material, five of which produced Native American
† This artifact is from Locus 10 within APE 1. All other are from Locus 9. 20
material, and three of which produced both Native American and historic cultural material (Figure 5). Although these materials were all from a disturbed context, they included 10 quartz and 14 rhyolite debitage (Binzen and Medina 2009). AHS’s walkover and soil probe survey determined that ca. 2.2 acres of APE 2 were too disturbed to produce archaeological remains in a good context (ca. 45% of the total area). A total of 79 STPs were excavated across APE 2 at 10- meter intervals along transects T13, T14, T15, T31, T32, and T33 (Figures 7 and 8). Five of the STPs produced Native American artifacts (four pieces of quartz debitage and one piece of rhyoite debitage), but in disturbed sediments (“fill” horizons). Eight historic-period artifacts were also found in APE 2, inclusive of whiteware, ironstone, iron and a blue-green window glass sherd; all but the window glass date to the 19th century (Table 7). No intact archaeological loci were defined in this heavily disturbed area, thus none were designated.
Table 7: Artifacts Recovered from APE 2 STP Count Type Class Soil Context T13-32 1 Rhyolite Debitage Fill 1 T14-27 2 Iron Architectural Fill 1 T14-27 1 Quartz Debitage Fill 1 T14-27 1 blue-green flat glass Fill 1 T14-28 1 other refined earthenware Ironstone Fill 1 T15-22 1 Iron Architectural Fill 1 T15-22 1 Quartz Debitage A0 (Duff)/Fill 1 T15-22 1 Whiteware hand painted polychrome whiteware A0 (Duff)/Fill 1 T15-22 1 Whiteware untyped whiteware Fill 1 T15-23 1 Whiteware blue transfer printed whiteware Fill 1 T32-4 1 Quartz Debitage A0 (Duff)/Fill 1 T32-9 1 Quartz Debitage Fill 2
Soils varied significantly across the large area of APE 2, most expressing significant modern modification resulting from grading activity. Typically, a ca. 5cm sod horizon (Ao) was followed by two or three horizons of redeposited sediments (fill). These consisted of dark brown (10YR 3/3) to yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) compact loamy sand and gravel to depths of 50 to 100 or more centimeters below ground surface. These disturbed horizons were underlain by unweathered glacial sediments (C-horizon) consisting of olive-brown (2.5YR 6/4) to pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) coarse sand and gravel. Shovel test pits terminated in the C-horizon at depths between 60 and over 100 centimeters below ground surface (see sample STP profiles from APE 2 in Figure 13).
C3. APE 3: Wetland Replication Area B. AHS initially estimated that approximately one-third of this 2.8-acre area (north and east of Woodbine Farm) was likely disturbed and that the remaining portion of the planned wetland replication area would require the excavation of up to 63 STPs at 10-meter intervals. This estimate proved very close, and 65 STPs were excavated here along Transects T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T29 and T30 (Figure 14). Only two test pits 21
produced Native American artifacts, both from disturbed contexts (fill/redeposited sediments). No intact archaeological loci were defined with APE 3, thus none were designated. This area lies southeast of UMAS Locus 4 and had not been previously tested (Figure 5). UMAS Locus 4 comprised a linear zone beside the existing runway within an area of proposed runway relocation. Soils were found to be significantly disturbed, typically consisting of multiple horizons of redeposited sediments. Though deeply buried topsoils were noted in some STPs, they appeared to directly overlay glacial sediments. Near the northeastern end of the area tested, two test pits (53 and 57) contained artifacts from a buried natural context (a quartz biface and associated debitage and a rhyolite flake). Because adjacent STPs did not produce additional Native American materials, the UMAS finds were not considered of significance. The finds were made over 200 meters from Locus 3 and are unlikely to be directly associated with the artifacts identified by AHS.
Table 8: Artifacts Recovered from APE 3 STP Count Material Class Soil Context T29-8 1 Quartzite Debitage Redeposited A/Fill T29-7 1 quartz Debitage Fill 1
Most soils in APE 3 showed little evidence of modern disturbance except along transects T29 and T30, closest to the runway. The transects lie ca. 25 meters southeast of UMAS Locus 4, which expressed similarly disturbed sediments. Many of AHS’s test pits in this area exposed wet meadow sediments, underlain by inundated wetland sediments (e.g., see T3-2 in Figure 15). Typically a c. 20-centimeter-thick horizon of redeposited sediments (fill) was underlain by an intact plowzone or, if truncated, a B2/1 horizon of 7.5 YR4/6 strong brown loamy sand. The B2/1 horizon terminated at ca. 50 centimeters and was underlain by a lower subsoil (B2/2) of 10YR5/6 yellow-brown sand to ca. 80 centimeters. The C horizon consisted of 2.5Y6/4 light yellow- brown coarse sand.
C4. APE 4: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area A. No testing was initially recommended in this ca. 1.5-acre area, as it is in between areas of low archaeological sensitivity defined by UMAS in a previous survey (UMAS Survey Units/Loci 5 and 6). Locus 5, within Survey Unit 5, lies just northeast of APE 4 (Figure 5). This area along the taxiway had been deemed potentially archaeologically sensitive in UMAS’s 2007 Phase 1A survey (Binzen 2007). Though 28 STPs were intended for this linear zone northwest of the taxiway, the identification of disturbed soil conditions by UMAS reduced the necessary excavation to five STPs. The typical soil profile provided in the UMAS report (Binzen and Medina 2009) describes two horizons of redeposited sediments capping a topsoil that rests on a glacial C-horizon, indicating extensive soil modification in the area. One quartz and one rhyolite flake were found from disturbed sediments in this area. Because of the compromised context, the finds were not considered potentially significant and no further work was recommended there. UMAS Survey Unit 6/Locus 6, lies just over 100 meters southwest of APE 4 (Figure 5). This area of planned apron improvements was also assessed as potentially archaeologically sensitive (Binzen 2007). Six STPs were excavated here by UMAS in 2009. Soil profiles varied across the area tested, but indicated significant landscape modifications. The typical soil profile described exhibited five horizons of 22
redeposited sediments to a depth of 95cm below ground surface. Intact underlying sediments were not identified. A single quartz biface was found in an upper fill horizon in one STP. Because of the compromised integrity of the area, the find was not considered potentially significant and no additional archaeological survey was recommended. However, based on the walkover inspection of the area, AHS concluded that ca. 0.5 acres of APE 4 expressed apparently undisturbed soil conditions. Twenty-one STPs were excavated within this portion of APE 4 along Transects T27 and T28 (Figure 16). All but one STP produced Native American artifacts. Most of the artifacts recovered are lithic materials (total 168; Table 9), but two calcined bone fragments are also assumed to be associated with Native American use of the area. The lithic assemblage is dominated by quartz (ca. 61%), followed by rhyolite (29%) and a hornfels-like material (10%). These proportions are quite different from those observed at APE 1, suggesting that this ancient Native American locus reflects a distinct activity area within the larger Site 19-PL-426.
Table 9: Lithic and Artifacts Recovered from APE 4 Count Type Proportion 16 hornfels-like 9.5% 1 mudstone 0.6% 102 Quartz 60.7% 49 Rhyolite 29.2%
Most soils in the middle of the tested area showed little evidence of modern disturbance, while test pits at either end of the transects showed evidence of grading activity. In typical undisturbed areas, a ca. 5cm sod horizon (Ao) was followed by dark brown (10YR 3/2) to very dark-brown (10YR 2/2) plowzone (Ap) consisting of fine sandy loam to depths between 12 and 24 centimeters below the ground surface. This was underlain by an upper subsoil horizon (B21) consisting of yellow-brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand to depths between 30 and 40 centimeters below ground surface. Beneath this horizon was a lower subsoil (B22) consisting of brownish- yellow (10 YR 6/8) sand to a depth of 45 to 60 centimeters. The subsoils are underlain by unweathered glacial sediments (C-horizon) consisting of light yellow-brown (10YR 6/4) to light yellow-brown (2.5Y 6/4) coarse sand and gravel. Shovel test pits terminated in the C-horizon at depths between 65 and 100 centimeters below ground surface (see sample STP profiles in Figure 17). The Native American artifact context in APE 4 is mixed. While many artifacts (92) were identified from a potentially disturbed/redeposited sediment context, a significant number (78) were identified in the plowzone and some in the subsoil (Table 10). However, the proportion of raw materials from the apparently disturbed context is so similar to that observed in a better context that the compromised artifacts are not likely to have moved far from their original locations.
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Table 10: Lithic and Faunal Artifact Context from APE 4 Context hornfels mudstone quartz rhyolite calcined bone Redeposited/disturbed 9 1 57 24 1 Plowzone 7 0 37 18 1 Subsoil 0 0 8 7 0
Six stone tools were found in APE 4; all are manufactured from quartz and are non- diagnostic with the exception of a single rhyolite possible Rossville projectile point (see Figure 11). The rhyolite point was recovered from redeposited sediments. The zone of lithic artifact concentration within APE 4 in a good sediment context was designated Locus 8 of Site 19-PL- 426 (Figures 4 and 21), which is discussed in more detail in Section D, below.
Table 11: Stone Tools Recovered from APE 4 STP Count Lithic Tools from APE 4 Soil T27-2 1 quartz spokeshave Fill 1 T27-4 1 quartz projectile point midsection fragment Fill 1 T28-1 1 quartz biface fragment Fill 1 T28-2 1 quartz modified cobble Ap (Plowzone) T28-4 1 quartz scraper Ap (Plowzone) T28-7 1 rhyolite possible Rossville projectile point Fill 1
C5. APE 5: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area B. Much of this ca. 0.9-acre area was determined to be disturbed. Because only ca. 0.1 acres were potentially undisturbed, only six STPS were dug here: T25-1 to T25-5 and J4 (Figures 5, 6 and 7), none of which produced Native American artifacts or historic-period artifacts. The area overlaps a portion of UMAS Locus 2, closest to STPs 36 and 37 that were found to be sterile (Figure 5). Soils even within this small area tested showed little consistency. STP T25-1 expressed an intact soil sequence consisting of a 5cm sod horizon (Ao), followed by a very dark gray-brown (10YR 3/2) plowzone (Ap) consisting of fine sandy loam to a depths of 17 centimeters below the ground surface. This was underlain by a subsoil horizon (B21) consisting of dark yellow-brown (10YR 3/4) loamy sand to a depth of 32 centimeters below ground surface. The subsoil was underlain by unweathered glacial sediments (C-horizon) consisting of light yellow-brown (10YR 5/4) wet coarse sand and gravel. STPs T25-2 and T25-3 were disturbed by grading, while the remaining test pits consisted of wet inundated sediments. Shovel test pits terminated in the C- horizon at depths between 35 and 70 centimeters below ground surface (see sample STP profiles in Figure 18).
C6. APE 6: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area C. UMAS Survey Unit 2/Locus 2 cuts through a linear portion of this ca. 3.5-acre area (Figure 5). UMAS dug 15 STPs (numbered 21-35); four contained Native American material, three contained Native American and historic cultural material, and the rest were sterile. Eight quartz and four rhyolite artifacts were recovered from the UMAS test pits. One of these was a rhyolite biface, while the remaining finds represent
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debitage. All of Locus 2 was considered disturbed by UMAS and the finds were therefore not considered significant. However, field inspection of APE 6 suggested that intact areas may be present beyond the area investigated by UMAS. AHS therefore excavated 81 STPs along six transect lines (T13, T14, T15, T31, T46 and T47) (Figure 8). Five STPs produced Native American artifacts in disturbed contexts, and one (a quartz flake from STP T15-10) in an apparently undisturbed subsoil context (see Table 12). Four array test pits (A9-A12) were placed at 2-meter intervals around T15-10, resulting in the recovery of a quartz core and a shell fragment from different array pits. These artifacts were found in disturbed contexts, however, suggesting the area has poor soil integrity. Soils varied somewhat across the large area of APE 6. Most soils showed evidence of modern disturbance. A number of the STPs here indicated multiple horizons of redeposited sediments overlying wet sediments. Typically, a ca. 4cm sod horizon (Ao) was followed by dark brown (10YR 3/3) disturbed horizon consisting of loamy sand and gravel to a depth of ca. 35cm below the ground surface. This was underlain by a second redeposited horizon subsoil horizon consisting of dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy gravel to a depth of 70-80 centimeters below ground surface. The redeposited horizons are typically underlain by very dark gray (10 YR 3/1) wet sandy loam deposits. These sometimes terminated in a C-horizon consisting of pale-brown (2.5Y 7/4) to oxidized sand and gravel. Shovel test pits typically terminated in the C-horizon or deeply disturbed sediments at depths between 60 and 100 centimeters below ground surface (see sample STP profiles in Figure 19).
Table 12: Lithics from APE 6 STP Count Type Lithic Artifact Soil Context A9 1 quartz Core Fill 1 T13-15 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake Fill 3 T14-11 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake Fill 1 T15-10 1 quartz flake B21 (Upper Subsoil) T15-11 1 quartz flake B21/Fill 1 T15-11 1 quartz modified cobble B21/Fill 1 T15-12 1 quartz primary reduction flake Ap (Plowzone)/Fill
A moderate assemblage of historic-era artifacts was recovered from STP T15-5. The test pit produced 19 historic-period ceramics (dominated by whiteware, post-ca. 1840), as well as bottle and window glass (N=23). The artifacts were found in a redeposited fill horizon and are not considered significant. T15-12 produced a single pearlware sherd (ca. 1805), while a kaolin pipestem fragment was found in T46-2, both from a plowzone context. These artifacts are not considered significant and likely reflect 19th-century agrarian activities associated with the Ford family farm on Old Colony Lane or perhaps the Woodbine Farm on the south side of the runway.
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Table 13: Historic Materials From APE 6‡ STP Count Class T13-3 1 untyped whiteware T15-11 1 flat clear glass T15-12 1 blue shell-edged pearlware T15-5 1 unidentified brown glass T15-5 1 flat glass T15-5 23 unidentified clear glass T15-5 2 red coarse earthenware (no glaze) T15-5 3 unidentified green glass T15-5 1 iron nail T15-5 1 miscellaneous iron T15-5 1 unidentified opaque white/milk glass T15-5 1 Ironstone T15-5 1 other refined earthenware (no glaze) T15-5 1 other refined earthenware (with glaze) T15-5 1 domestic salt glazed stoneware with Albany slip T15-5 1 blue transfer printed whiteware T15-5 1 flow blue transfer printed whiteware T15-5 11 untyped whiteware T46-1 1 purple glass container T46-2 1 kaolin pipe
Thirty-three shell fragments were also recovered from APE 6. The faunal materials are concentrated in shovel test pits T13-10 and T13-11, placed adjacent to the access road to Woodbine Farm (Table 14). The shell fragments, including quahog, soft-shell clam and oyster, appear unweathered and of relatively recent origin. They were found in a very disturbed context that indicates significant landscape reworking in this area. The finds from APE 6 are not considered significant and no archaeological loci were defined there.
Table 14: Faunal Materials from APE 6 STP Count Type Class Soil A12 1 unidentified shell unidentified shell Fill 1 T13-10 3 Bivalve eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Fill 1 T13-10 11 Bivalve northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) Fill 1 T13-10 4 Bivalve possible soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) Fill 1 T13-11 1 Bivalve eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) A0/Fill 1
‡ All artifacts were in redeposited fill horizons except STPs T15-12 and T46-2, which reflect plowzone sediments 26
STP Count Type Class Soil T13-11 4 Bivalve northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) A0/Fill 1 T13-11 3 Bivalve soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) A0/Fill 1 T13-7 6 Bivalve northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) Fill 1
C7. APE 7: Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area D. This ca. 4.6-acre area encompasses much of the old Woodbine Farm (Figures 5 and 14). Aerial photographs and inspection of the ground surface during PAST’s documentation of a barn once located here suggested extensive disturbance across much of the farm property. APE 7 is east of UMAS Locus 2 and south of UMAS Locus 4 and does not overlap with areas of prior archaeological survey (Figure 5). UMAS Locus 2 (an area of linear testing along a proposed fence line through nearby APE 6), was determined by UMAS to consist entirely of redeposited fill materials (Binzen and Medina 2009). Though rhyolite and quartz debitage and a rhyolite biface were identified during the survey, their context was considered too compromised to indicate potential significance. The southwestern portion of UMAS Locus 4 lies closest to APE 7. Only two shovel test pits produced artifacts in this lower portion of Locus 4. One rhyolite flake was found in STP 76, and a quartz flake in STP 83 (Figure 5). Both finds came from disturbed deposits and were not considered significant. AHS estimated that 63 test pits would be required to adequately test the area. Sixty-five STPs were excavated in undisturbed areas within APE 7, along Transects T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T29 and T30; Pits J1, J2, J3, J4, J5 and J6 were also placed in APE 7, as well as array pits A1-A4 and A5-A8 (Figure 14). Eight of these test pits represent arrays around two adjacent findspots in the western portion of APE 7. The STPs produced Native American and 19th-century artifacts (Table 15). An Early Woodland Rossville projectile point (see Figure 11, Inv# 5) was found in a subsoil context in the array test pit A3 placed around a calcined bone fragment found in T9-1. A modified quartz cobble was found in A6 and a small piece of quartz primary reduction debris from A5 in the plowzone. Together the historic and Native American artifacts from the vicinity of STPs T9-1 and T10-9 define a component of Site 19-PL-426 AHS named Locus 7 (Figure 21). Sterile test pits around this locus indicate that it is very limited in extent. Soils in the tested paddock area (Transects T5 and T6; Figure 14) showed evidence of modern disturbance. Test pits along transects T11 and T12 west of the farm often expressed wet conditions. Where artifacts were recovered (STPs T9-1 and T10-9), a very dark brown (10YR 3/2-2/2) plowzone (Ap) consisting of fine sandy loam extended to depths between 23 and 49 centimeters below the ground surface. This was underlain by deep subsoil horizons consisting of yellow-brown (10YR 4/6-5/6) loamy sand to depths between 78 and 97 centimeters below ground surface. The subsoil is underlain by unweathered glacial sediments (C-horizon) consisting of light olive-brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine sand. Shovel test pits terminated in the C-horizon at depths between 90 and 107 centimeters below ground surface (see profile examples from APE 7 in Figure 20).
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Table 15: Artifacts Recovered from APE 7 STP Count Artifact Soil A3 1 rhyolite Rossville projectile point B21 (Upper Subsoil) A5 3 clear window glass Ap (Plowzone) A5 1 iron nail Ap (Plowzone) A5 1 quartz small primary reduction debris Ap (Plowzone) A6 1 blue-green window glass Ap (Plowzone) A6 2 clear window glass Ap (Plowzone) A6 1 quartz modified cobble Ap (Plowzone) T9-1 1 unidentified bone calcined bone Ap (Plowzone) T10-9 1 brass rim fire cartridge post 1866 Ap (Plowzone) T10-9 1 clear window glass Ap (Plowzone) T10-9 2 Whiteware Ap (Plowzone) T29-13 4 Whiteware Fill 1
D. Summary, Assessment and Interpretation of the Archaeological Loci Identified in Intensive (Locational) Survey This section summarizes the finds associated with individual loci (areas of artifact concentration) identified during the Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey of the proposed Marshfield Airport improvements. These loci are highlighted in Figure 21. AHS identified four additional loci of Site 19-PL-426, which have been numbered Loci 7 through 10. AHS began its numbering with Locus 7, as UMAS had ended with Locus 6. AHS designated archaeological site areas as loci, following UMAS’s numbering system in which areas of archaeological finds were considered loci or components of the larger Site 19-PL-426, which appears to span the airport. AHS’s use of the term locus is meant to designate only areas considered to have potential research value; that is, areas from which artifacts were recovered in a good context.
D1. Locus 7 (within APE 7) Locus 7 covers a small, ca. 20-by-10-meter area within Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area D (APE 7). The locus is defined by STPs T9-1 and T10-9 and their associated array pits, A1 through A8 (see Figures 21 and 22). T9-1 produced a single calcined bone fragment in plowzone sediments. Four array STPs (A1-A4) were excavated around this findspot, resulting in the recovery of a rhyolite Rossville projectile point from the subsoil of southern array pit A3 (Inventory #5, see Figure 11 for photograph). Pit T10-9 produced a clear window glass fragment, two whiteware sherds and a .22 caliber cartridge; four array pits (A5-A8) were placed around this findspot. Array pit A5, the northern array of STP T10-9, produced a single quartz primary reduction flake, intermixed with a nail and three clear window glass fragments. Array pit A6 produced a modified quartz cobble and one blue-green window glass fragment. All finds but the projectile point were from the plowzone. The finds suggest that a small ancient Native American site component is located in this area adjacent to the wetlands along the southern
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border of the project area. STP T10-9 and associated array pits A5 and A6 produced mid- to late 19th-century artifacts that may be associated with the Ford Farm across the runway, the nearby Woodbine Farm property, or activity associated with the Green Harbor marsh-reclamation project of the 1870s (Clouette 2012). These historic-period materials are considered insignificant field scatter. A Site Examination was recommended to assess the potential significance and eligibility of the ancient Native American component Locus 7 for the National Register of Historic Places.
D2. Locus 8 (within APE 4) Locus 8 is located within Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area A, or APE 4, on the northern edge of the runway (Figures 21 and 23). This location produced 168 lithic artifacts (including quartz, rhyolite and possible hornfels) and two calcined bone fragments in the Phase 1 survey. The spatial limits of artifacts from an undisturbed sediment context lie in a ca. 25-by-60-meter area defined as Locus 8. Locus 8 produced a rhyolite stemmed projectile point, possibly an Early Woodland Rossville type, in a disturbed near-surface context. The point was once likely associated with the surrounding undisturbed area. Five other quartz tool fragments were found during the Phase I testing of APE 4, though only two from the undisturbed context of Locus 8: a quartz modified cobble and a quartz scraper. A Site Examination was recommended to assess the potential significance of Locus 8 where artifacts were identified in an undisturbed context. The undisturbed area encompasses ca. 1500 square meters, a relatively small portion of APE 4 (Figure 23).
D3. Locus 9 (within APE 1) Locus 9 is located within the proposed extension of Runway 6-24 and the new drainage pond/infiltration basin at the southwest end of the proposed runway within APE 1 (Figures 21 and 24). This area produced the greatest density of Native American finds during AHS’s Phase 1B testing of the Marshfield Airport property. It also produced the greatest number of artifacts in a plowzone or subsoil horizon context. Most of the finds expressed a good context and excellent research potential. Over 300 Native American lithic artifacts were found within the bounds of Locus 9, including 22 tools and tool fragments. Shovel test pits T20-4 and T20-6 are included within the locus despite their compromised context because the artifact density in these two locations was so high. It is likely that these areas reflect locations of very localized disturbance and the recovered artifacts may not be severely displaced horizontally from their original positions. STP T16-6 and array pit A14 (Figure 24) included a biface fragment and two rhyolite flakes and lie peripheral to the central artifact distribution, but this northern extension is included within the locus designation because of its general proximity to other finds. The western edge of Locus 9 lies about 25 meters east of UMAS Locus 1 (Figure 4). UMAS STPs 42, 43, and 116 produced a tool fragment of argillite or slate, three quartz debitage and a rhyolite or argillite flake in buried A horizon and B horizon contexts (Binzen and Medina 2009: 26, note that UMAS Table 1 summarizing the inventory in Appendix A of the report provides a somewhat different description, including a triangular point from Pit 43). Rhyolite and quartz artifacts are distributed relatively evenly throughout Locus 9, while hornfels-like materials are concentrated in STPs T20-6 (10 artifacts, disturbed context), T16-9 (7 artifacts) and T17-10 (6 artifacts) (see artifact inventory catalogues in Appendices II and III).
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Notably, six rhyolite flakes from Locus 9 are likely examples of Saugus “jasper,” one of which shows evidence of cobble cortex, suggesting it was gathered from a glacially redeposited deposit, probably at the nearby shoreline. Three diagnostic projectile points were recovered from Locus 9, including a rhyolite Merrimack-like point (Inventory #167; possibly Middle Archaic, STP T19-10), an untyped rhyolite Small Stemmed point (Inventory #203; Late Archaic or Early Woodland, STP T20-6), and a quartz Squibnocket Triangle point (Inventory #118; Late Archaic, STP T19-6) (see Figure 11 for artifact photographs). A nutting stone fragment and possible groundstone fragment were also identified in Locus 9 (Figure 12, Inv# 52). The possible groundstone fragment exhibits some striations and a very smooth surface, but its fractured margins are worn smooth, suggesting it is actually a glacially-modified natural pebble fragment. Table 16 summarizes nonprojectile point tools and fragments recovered in Locus 9 in the Phase 1 Intensive testing. Among these, bifaces are most common (9 artifacts), most of these likely represent tools broken during manufacture. Retouched and utilized flakes and scrapers represent a general class of tools potentially used for a variety of scraping and cutting functions during tool manufacture or food-processing tasks. Flake knives and the single knife fragment represent spent generalized cutting tools. The possible quartz wedge tool may have been used to split bone or antler. In general, the tools are consistent with those typical of Archaic encampments or areas of repeated short-term occupation where a variety of tool-manufacturing and food-processing tasks occurred.
Table 16: Non-Projectile Tools and Fragments from Locus 9 STP Tool Description T16-8 unidentified lithic possible groundstone fragment T17-9 unidentified lithic nutting stone fragment T18-10 rhyolite retouched flake T17-11 quartz biface fragment T19-10 quartz utilized primary cobble reduction fragment T17-10 quartz utilized flake T19-9 quartz scraper fragment T18-8 quartz biface fragment T18-8 quartz utilized flake T18-8 rhyolite possible utilized flake T19-8 rhyolite flake knife fragment T18-7 2 mudstone biface fragment T17-8 quartz biface fragment T20-6 quartz biface fragment T19-7 quartz possible wedge fragment T20-4 quartz utilized angular debris T20-4 rhyolite knife A14 rhyolite biface fragment T22-5 quartz biface 30
T22-3 rhyolite biface tip fragment
Fire-cracked rock fragments were recovered from five STPs (T18-7, T19-7, T19-10, T20- 5 and T22-7), indicating the probable presence of cooking features within the Locus 9. One possible feature was identified in STP T18-10. This zone of light yellow-brown (10YR 6/4) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy loam became visible at a depth of 31cm below ground surface. The top of the feature was cleaned and drawn in plan on the test pit form, then covered in plastic and preserved for future investigation during a more comprehensive Site Examination, which was recommended to assess the potential significance and National Register eligibility of Locus 9.
D4. Locus 10 (within APE 1) Locus 10 is a small area within APE 1, the runway extension and drainage pond/infiltration basin area. It is about 65 meters southeast of Locus 9, also within APE 1 (Figures 21 and 25). This ca. 60-by-10-meter area is flanked by low-lying wetlands and shovel test pits were placed along an isolated spit of dry land. Artifacts were recovered from six of the seven STPs placed along the T26 transect line which defines this locus. Most finds were made from a deep plowzone context, with some artifacts identified from underlying inundated sediments in STPs T26-1, T26-2 and T26-6. One hornfels-like untyped Small Stemmed point (Inventory #240, see Figure 11 for photograph) was found in STP T26-2 in a plowzone context where it is associated with 15 pieces of rhyolite debitage and six quartz debris pieces, and a possible hornfels flake. One of the rhyolite flakes is a probable Saugus “jasper” flake. Twenty- five rhyolite flakes (including one possible spherulitic rhyolite), 13 quartz and eight hornfels-like flakes are associated with Locus 10 as a whole. While the raw-material spectrum is similar to that observed from nearby Locus 9, the locus may represent a temporally distinct episode of land use. A Phase 2/Site Examination was recommended to assess the potential significance and National Register eligibility of Locus 10, and its association with Locus 9.
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V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE INTENSIVE SURVEY
AHS excavated 454 STPs within the seven project APEs during the course of the Intensive (Locational) Survey. Eighty-six STPs produced non-modern artifacts. Seventy-three of these included Native American lithic material (primarily stone tool-manufacturing debris), seven STPs produced faunal remains (three with calcined animal bone fragments, four with marine shell), and 19 contained historic materials (such as glass, historic ceramic sherds, and metal). The distribution of historic-period artifacts (primarily 19th and early 20th century) indicates that most (ca. 80%) were recovered from disturbed/redeposited soil contexts. Faunal remains recovered from the site express an even more disturbed context. Of the 36 finds, 34 (94%) were recovered from redeposited sediments while just two were located within the plowzone; the latter represent small calcined bone fragments from APE 7 and APE 8. The majority of Native American lithic finds (ca. 62%) were recovered from a plowed topsoil context. These artifacts express moderate horizontal displacement because of plowing activity, but evident non-random artifact concentrations likely reflect general site-organization patterns, such as the concentration of specific raw-material classes resulting from past tool-making episodes. About 9% of the lithic materials were recovered from a subsoil context, indicating that these finds are ancient enough to have worked their way into this low-energy sediment horizon. A small number of artifacts were also recovered from buried wetland sediments. Overall, the results of the Intensive (Locational) Archaeological Survey indicate that portions of the project impact areas express good archaeological integrity and reflect represent portions of the ancient Native American component of the airport-wide Site 19-PL-426. Four Native American archaeological loci (activity areas) were defined based on the distribution of materials recovered from non-disturbed contexts. All of the loci provide evidence of the remnants of ancient human activity at Site 19-PL-426 and may be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The following discussion summarizes the finds from each locus and provides recommendations for further study.
A. Locus 7 (APE 7) Locus 7 covers a small, ca. 20-by-10-meter area within the Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area D (APE 7) on the southeast side of the runway at the former Woodbine Farm site. The locus is defined by STPs T9-1 and T10-9 and their associated array pits A1 through A8, which produced a light Native American lithic scatter, including a rhyolite Rossville projectile point. The finds suggest that a small Early Woodland Native American component (ca. 2,700 – 2,000 years old) is located in this area adjacent to the wetlands along the southern border of the APE. Test pits also produced a small number of mid- to late 19th-century artifacts that are likely field scatter associated with the former Ford farm on the northern side of the runway, Woodbine Farm, or activity associated with the Green Harbor marsh reclamation project of the 1870s. A Site Examination was recommended to assess the potential significance of Locus 7, which covers an estimated ca. 200 square meters. AHS estimated that 16 shovel test pits spaced at 5-meter intervals plus a 1-x-1-meter excavation unit would allow a satisfactory assessment of the potential National Register eligibility of this area during the Site Examination. Research questions to be answered during the Site Examination included the establishment of the spatial
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extent of the locus, the verification of its apparent Early Woodland association, whether features were present or not, and what the locus’s function was within the broader pattern of land use. The results of the Site Examination at Locus 7 are presented in the Section VII.
B. Locus 8 (APE 4) Locus 8 is located within Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area A, or APE 4, on the northeast side of the runway. This location contained 168 lithic artifacts (quartz, rhyolite and possible hornfels) and two calcined bone fragments. The limits of the artifacts from a good sediment context define a ca. 25 by 60-meter area. Locus 8 produced a rhyolite stemmed projectile point, possibly an Early Woodland Rossville type, in a disturbed context that was once likely associated with the remnant undisturbed area. Five other quartz tools were found, some in adjacent pits just outside the locus from a disturbed context. A Site Examination was recommended to assess the potential significance of Locus 8 where artifacts were identified in an undisturbed context. The undisturbed area encompasses ca. 1500 square meters. About 60 STPs placed at five-meter intervals and two 1-x-1-meter excavation units were recommended to assess this locus in the Site Examination. Research questions to be addressed included the establishment of the spatial extent of the site, the verification of its possible Early Woodland association, whether features were present (as suggested by the presence of the calcined bone fragments), and what the locus’s function was within the broader pattern of land use in this near-coastal environment. The results of the Site Examination at Locus 8 are presented in Section VIII.
C. Locus 9 (APE 1) Locus 9 is located within the proposed extension of Runway 6-24 and the new drainage pond/infiltration basin area at the southwest end of the proposed runway within APE 1. This area produced the greatest density of Native American finds during testing of the Marshfield Airport impact areas. Most of the finds express good context and excellent research potential. Over 300 Native American lithic artifacts were found within the bounds of Locus 9, including 22 tools and fragments. Three diagnostic projectile points were recovered from Locus 9, including a rhyolite Merrimack-like point (possibly Middle Archaic, ca. 6,000 years old), an untyped rhyolite Small Stemmed point (Late Archaic or Early Woodland ca. 4,500 – 2,000 years old) and a quartz Squibnocket Triangle (Late Archaic, ca. 4,500 – 3,800 years old). In general, the tools are consistent with those typical of Archaic encampments or areas of repeated short-term occupation where a variety of tool-manufacturing and food-processing tasks occurred. Fire-cracked rock fragments were recovered from five STPs, indicating the probable presence of cooking features within the Locus 9. One possible feature was documented during the Intensive (Locational) Survey, but was left intact for future exploration during a Site Examination Survey. A Site Examination was recommended to assess the potential significance of Locus 9, which covers ca. 3340 square meters. Testing at five-meter intervals would require approximately 134 additional STPs. In addition, three 1 x 1-meter excavation units were proposed, as well as excavation of the feature identified in the Intensive (Locational) Survey. Recommended research questions included the definition of the spatial extent of this locus (especially whether separate activity areas could be discriminated based on artifact distribution
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and raw material patterning), the verification of its possible Middle Archaic, Late Archaic and Early Woodland associations, whether the site more likely represents a palimpsest of multiple occupations or is primarily a single large habitation area used for a limited period of time, whether additional features are present (as suggested by the presence of fire-cracked rock fragments), and what the site’s function was within the broader pattern of land use in this near- coastal environment. The results of the Site Examination at Locus 9 are presented in Section IX.
D. Locus 10 (APE 1) Locus 10 is a small area with APE 1, the area of proposed runway extension and drainage pond/infiltration basin; it is about 65 meters southeast of Locus 9. This ca. 60-by-10-meter area rests across an isolated spit of relatively dry land. Most finds were made in a plowzone context, or from underlying inundated sediments. One hornfels-like untyped Small Stemmed point was found in a plowzone context in association with 15 rhyolite debitage pieces, six quartz debris and a possible hornfels flake. One of the rhyolite flakes is a probable Saugus “jasper” flake. Twenty-five rhyolite flakes (including one of possible spherulitic rhyolite), 13 quartz and eight hornfels-like flakes are associated with Locus 10 as a whole. While the raw-material spectrum is similar to that observed from nearby Locus 9, this locus may represent a temporally distinct episode of land use. Site Examination-level survey was recommended to assess this locus’s potential significance and its association with Locus 9. About 26 STPs placed at 5-meter intervals and a 1 x 1-meter excavation unit were deemed necessary to fully assess the site’s National Register eligibility. Research questions answered during the Site Examination included the definition of the spatial extent of the locus, the verification of its Late Archaic or Early Woodland association, how water table changes might have acted upon the site’s sediments, whether features were present or not, whether the locus appears associated with activity from nearby Locus 9, and what its function was within the broader pattern of land use. The results of the Site Examination at Locus 10 are presented in Section X.
E. Finds Not Associated with Loci Identified in Intensive (Locational) Testing A total of 114 artifacts were recovered in the Phase 1 testing that are not associated with the four ancient Native American loci discussed above (see Appendix III for artifact inventory catalogue). These finds were all found in severely disturbed contexts, with the exception of one isolated quartz flake found in the upper subsoil in STP T15-10 on the southeast side of the airport runway in APE 6, very near the disturbed area of APE 2 tested by UMAS in 2009. Array test pits around this findspot indicated that the surrounding area was significantly disturbed, thus the quartz is not considered significant. Other finds not affiliated with Loci 7-10 include 29 ceramic sherds, mostly whiteware (N=20), with red earthenware, pearlware, ironstone and stoneware making up the balance. Thirty-two glass fragments were found, dominated by clear curved glass fragments (N=23), small amounts of purple, brown, and milk glass, and clear and blue-green window glass. A single kaolin pipestem fragment was found in APE 6 on the southern edge of the runway. Four iron nails and a piece of sheet iron were found in the disturbed area along the Transect T15 line, which paralleled UMAS’s earlier area of identified disturbance. A total of 33 shell fragments were found, in a disturbed area along the T13 line in APE 6 just north of the UMAS-identified disturbed area (Locus 2). Fourteen lithics were
34 recovered, including 12 quartz items: flakes, core, a modified cobble, and angular debris, a quartzite flake, and a single rhyolite biface thinning flake. With the exception of the quartz flake in T15-10 discussed above, the lithics were found along lines T13, T14, T15 (Locus 6), T29 (APE 3) and T32 (APE 2), all disturbed areas along the southern runway border. The ancient Native American finds could not be readily associated with the four identified loci, nor were they concentrated enough, or in or sufficiently intact stratigraphic contexts, to merit designation as separate loci associated with Site 19-PL-426. The historic period material is likely field scatter associated with the former Ford farm on the north side of the runway, Woodbine Farm, or even the marsh reclamation project. The extremely low number of historic artifacts recovered over the entire seven impact areas (N=67) could not be securely associated with an occupation site within the project area. The assemblage of unaffiliated artifacts was catalogued as field scatter associated with agricultural manure dispersal and plowing and is not considered significant (see Appendix III).
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VI. PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION OVERVIEW
A. Introduction AHS conducted a Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey of the APEs in 2012 as described in the previous sections of the report. The survey identified four new Native American archaeological loci (activity areas), based on the distribution of materials recovered from non- disturbed contexts (Loci 7-10, Figure 4). Loci 1 through 6 were previously identified by UMAS during its 2009 survey (Figure 4); AHS numbered the newly discovered loci in sequence. The four new loci provided additional evidence of the remnants of ancient human activity at Site 19- PL-426. Because the loci appeared to be potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, Phase 2/Site Examination studies were undertaken. The following sections present the results of the Phase 2/Site Examination of Loci 7, 8, 9 and 10. A total of 202 STPs were excavated during the Phase 2/Site Examination of the newly identified loci of Site 19-PL-426. Nine 1x1-meter excavation units were also excavated to increase the artifact sample of certain high artifact-density localities and to better expose potential features in plan view. The small Locus 7, near Woodbine Farm, required the excavation of only 15 STPs and one 1x1-meter excavation unit. Locus 8, at the end of the runway, required the excavation of 61 additional STPs and two 1x1-meter excavation units. Locus 9, the largest locus located at the southwestern end of the runway, required the excavation of 97 STPs and five 1x1-meter excavation units. Locus 10, at the southern end of the runway was further investigated with 29 STPs and one 1x1-meter excavation unit. Artifacts (3556 in total; see Appendix IV) were recovered from 183 of the STPs and excavation units. The most abundant cultural material recovered was Native American lithics, numbering 3347 (94% of the total). Seventeen diagnostic projectile points were identified, dating to the Early Archaic through Late Woodland periods. The remainder of artifacts are primarily of late historic materials such as ceramics, glass and metal fragments. While most of the historic finds are not considered significant, two small historic-period artifact clusters within Locus 9 were provided separate site designations (Mars2 and Mars3) because they appear to reflect areas of in situ historic-period activity. These are discussed in detail in Section IX below.
B. Research Questions Research questions addressed in the Site Examination centered on refining the understanding of the four loci as components within Site 19-PL-426, the Ancient Native American site initially identified in the 1960s by a local collector during airport construction. This site appears to cover most, if not all, of the airport, and the 1960s collection includes stone tools diagnostic of the Archaic and Woodland periods. The primary goals of the Phase 2/Site Examination were 1) to establish the physical extent of each locus, 2) to assess the integrity of their cultural remains, 3) to assess the distribution of artifacts (including possible features, debitage and tools) within each locus to define areas of specific human activity, 4) to assess the cultural chronology of each locus, and 5) to use this data to make recommendations regarding the significance and National Register of Historic Places eligibility of each identified archaeological locus or component. Other, more specific questions were carried over from the Phase 1 survey. The results of prior Intensive (Locational) testing indicated that a variety of minority lithic materials were used
36 and discarded at Loci 7, 8, 9 and 10. The closer identification of a variety of “hornfels-like” materials was considered, but very little of this material was recovered in the Phase 2 investigations. These uncommon lithics likely have a regional source along known volcanic dikes in eastern Massachusetts, or the Braintree slate quarry in Milton. A single small possible spherulitic rhyolite flake was noted during the Phase 1 survey of Locus 10. While the material could reflect a distant source, spherulitic rhyolites have also been documented in eastern Massachusetts (e.g., Goldsmith 1991: E36, E37 and E140). No additional similar lithic material was found in the subsequent investigation of Locus 10 and the single flake is not considered significant enough to warrant further investigation. Of particular potential research interest at Site 19-PL-426 is the relationship of site use to the changing environmental context surrounding the site area. As noted, the indication of both Archaic and Woodland-period site use suggests that these loci may have the potential to answer specific questions regarding Native American subsistence strategy transitions during the period when sea-level rise resulted in the formation of the extensive marsh system adjacent to the site, significantly altering the nature of the local resource base. Published sea-level curves and environmental date were examined to better assess this possible research direction should the site go to a data recovery effort. The construction of the tidal dikes at the outlet of the Green Harbor Marsh in 1872 had a significant impact on the water table in the area surrounding the Marshfield Municipal Airport in more recent times. Therefore, engineering reports regarding the effects of the tidal gates on upstream water tables were closely examined to better interpret buried wetland sediments noted in Loci 9 and 10.
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VII. RESULTS OF THE PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION SURVEY AT LOCUS 7
A. Introduction A Phase 2/Site Examination Survey was conducted at Locus 7 of Site 19-PL-426 in the Fall of 2012 at the Marshfield Municipal Airport/George D. Harlow Field in order to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended (36 CFR 800), Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 9, Sections 26-27c (950 CMR 70-71) and MEPA (301 CMR 11). Locus 7 is located west of the former Woodbine Farm, within APE 7/Turtle Enhancement Habitat Area D (Figures 21 and 26). It covers a small, ca. 20-by-10-meter area on the south side of the runway, south of the gravel road to the farm. The locus was defined by Phase 1 STPs T9-1 and T10-9 and their associated array pits, A1 through A8 (Figure 22). These STPs produced a light Ancient Native American artifact scatter, including a rhyolite Rossville projectile in a subsoil context in the array test pit A3, placed around a calcined bone fragment found in STP T9-1 (Figure 26). Sterile test pits around this locus indicate that it is very limited in extent. A quartz modified cobble was found in Pit A6, and a piece of quartz primary reduction debris in A5. The Phase 1 finds at Locus 7 suggested that a small Early Woodland period component (ca. 2,700 – 2,000 years old) was once located in this area adjacent to the wetlands along the southern border of the project area. Because Locus 7 appeared to be potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, a Phase 2, or Site Examination survey, was conducted. The purpose of the Site Examination was to collect sufficient data relative to Locus 7’s age, integrity, function, and spatial limits, information necessary to permit a conclusive determination of the locus’s National Register eligibility. AHS estimated that 16 shovel test pits spaced at five-meter intervals, plus a one-by-one-meter excavation unit, would be sufficient to assess the National Register eligibility of this area during the Site Examination. Research questions to be addressed during the site examination included 1) the establishment of the spatial extent of the locus, 2) the verification of its apparent Early Woodland association, 3) whether or not features are present, and 4) what the locus’s potential function was within the broader pattern of land use.
B. Results – Locus 7 The Phase 1 STP T10-9 was held as the datum N0E0 (Figure 26). The northern part of the locus consists of dense weeds, grape vines, and briar, but the southern portion is more open, and includes stands of birch, maple, and cherry. A total of 15 STPs and a single one-by-one- meter unit were excavated during the Site Examination (Figure 26). The tested area was bounded largely by sterile STPs for the Phase 1 survey, while the limits of APE 7 mark the northwestern edge of the locus (Figure 22). Most of the test pits expressed relatively undisturbed natural soil profiles, with plowzones underlain by a single subsoil horizon, followed by a glacial C-horizon. Plowzone depths were relatively thick, falling between 22 and 32 cm below surface. Subsoils ranged in depth from 41 to 60 cm below surface. STPs terminated in glacial strata at depths between 60 and 115 cm, with most terminating at about 80cm below surface. STPs N10W10, N20E0, and N15W5 exhibited one or more disturbed horizons overlying intact sediments (for sample profiles see Figures 20 and 27).
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A single quartz small angular debris fragment was recovered from the plowzone in STP N10W5. This location is lies five meters west of the location of the Rossville point found in STP A3 from the Phase 1 survey (Figure 26). A one-by-one-meter unit was excavated at N10W1 adjacent to A3. The excavated unit contained a single artifact - a cuprous disc fragment, possibly a coin or token, from a plowzone context. The subsoil horizon in this excavation unit appeared mottled and somewhat disturbed (see Figure 28). No features were observed during the Site Examination testing at Locus 7, and no other artifacts were recovered.
C. Summary – Locus 7 Locus 7 is located west of Woodbine Farm within APE 7/Turtle Enhancement Habitat Area D. The locus covers a small, ca. 20-by-10-meter area on the south side of the runway. A total of 15 STPs and one 1-x-1-meter unit were excavated during the Site Examination. The Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey identified a rhyolite Rossville projectile point (ca. 2700 – 2000 rcBP) in an array pit excavated around the location of a small calcined bone fragment. A single quartz primary-reduction debris fragment, a quartz modified cobble and a low density (N=11) of 19th-century household-related artifacts (window glass, whiteware, nails) were recovered in the southern portion of the locus. The Site Examination produced only two additional finds. A single quartz angular debris fragment was recovered five meters west of the rhyolite projectile point, while the one-meter- square unit excavated adjacent to the point find included only an unassociated cuprous disc fragment. The finds from Locus 7 suggest a very small, ca. five-by-two-meter ephemeral Ancient Native American activity area near grid point N10E0, with a stray quartz fragment and a cobble located ten meters south. The historic-period finds appear to have been concentrated within a similar-sized area of ca. 10 square meters near grid point N0E0. The historic component may be associated with the stray disc fragment found ten meters north. The recovered historic materials are of such low density that they are interpreted as secondary deposits of household debris probably associated with nearby Woodbine Farm. They are not believed to reflect in situ activity and are not considered to have any potential significance. No additional evidence of Early Woodland activity was found at Locus 7 in the Site Examination. If additional Early Woodland activity occurred at this location, it was too ephemeral to have left a clear signature. One of the research questions was whether any associated features were present in the locus, as potentially indicated by the presence of calcined bone found during the Intensive (Locational) Survey. No evidence of features, fire-cracked rock or additional calcined bone, was identified during the Site Examination. The final goal of the Site Examination was to determine the function of the site within the broader pattern of land use. While very little evidence of human activity was identified here, Native Americans certainly visited this location at least once in the past. The quartz debitage indicates that some very expedient tool rejuvenation occurred here. The rhyolite Rossville point is intact, sharp and still in excellent condition (see Figure 11). The artifact was not discarded because of breakage or wear; rather, it was either accidentally lost here (a hunter missing his shot at a game animal) or perhaps came to rest in the carcass of a wounded animal that died without being recovered by hunters. Such ephemeral locations that include few material remains are likely extremely common across the landscape, and while they do represent the traces of the comings and goings of people undertaking their daily pattern of resource gathering, they provide
39 little concrete information regarding the nature of on-site activity, and are therefore of limited research potential. The small scatter of 19th-century material at Locus 7 is also not considered significant and is assumed to reflect traces of the late historic-period field/agricultural use of the landform, possibly associated with the nearby Woodbine Farm or the former Ford farm on the north side of the runway. The finds from Locus 7 do not appear significant enough to qualify it for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, thus no further archaeological work is recommended at Locus 7.
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VIII. RESULTS OF PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION AT LOCUS 8
A. Introduction Locus 8 is within the c. 1.5 acre area of APE 4, the “Turtle Enhancement Area A” located on the north side of the runway (Figures 4, 21 and 23). AHS’s research design for this locus recommended the excavation of 60 shovel test pits placed at five-meter intervals across approximately 1500 square meters within the area of Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) testing that indicated intact soil horizons. In addition, AHS recommended that two 1-x-1-meter excavation units be excavated to investigate areas of artifact concentration or other potential features identified during the Site Examination. AHS’s primary research goals were to establish the spatial extent of the site within the bounds of the APE; to verify the presence of an Early Woodland component, as suggested by the Intensive (Locational) Survey results; to establish whether features are present as suggested by the identification of calcined bone during the earlier survey; and to determine the locus’s function within the broader pattern of land use in the near- coastal environment. An excavation grid was established based on the T27 east-west transect, with STP T27-7 held as grid point North 0.0 East 0.0 (Figure 29). This placed the airport perimeter fence just beyond the northernmost line of testing, which was shifted to the North 19-meter line to avoid potential disturbance associated with the original fence construction. The southern bounds of the APE fell just beyond the South 5-meter line. The bounds of the area tested encompass a ca. 25 by 60-meter block (or 1500 square meters) (Figure 29). The south line was bounded by mown grass, marking the approximate edge of runway modification that resulted in soil disturbance. Overall, the surveyed area falls gently in elevation to the southeast (toward the runway), though beyond the northern fence line, the topography drops again toward existing wetlands associated with Bass Creek. The Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey had established that the ground was reworked east and west of the Site Examination bounds. In the area of N5E30 and N5E35 the ground had been disturbed, and sand covered a geotechnical cloth barrier over a ca. 8-by-5-meter area. These two test pit areas were not excavated because of their disturbed context.
Table 17: Soil Contexts of All Locus 8 Finds Soil Context count percent Ap 607 44.73% B21 550 40.53% B22 40 2.95% Disturbed 156 11.50% indeterminate 4 0.29% Total 1357 100%
B. Results - Locus 8 Sixty-one STPs were excavated in the Phase 2, only three of which lacked cultural material. Most of the test pits indicated relatively undisturbed conditions, with a rather shallow, plowed topsoil between 10 and 30 centimeters in depth (the average was 19+/-6cm) (see sample profiles in Figure 30). Yellow-brown loamy subsoils extended to depths between 34 and 73cm, with an average of 53+/-9cm (see Figures 31 and 32). Test pits terminated at depths of between 41
43 and 95cm below surface, with an average depth of termination of 69+/-11cm, typically 16cm into glacial C-horizon sediments. As expected, variance was lowest with the termination depth of the topsoil horizon (v=38.1) and increased with each subsequent horizon termination (subsoil v=78.0, termination v=127.1). Differences in the variance reflect the rather standardized depth of the plowzone compared to the more erratic depth of the subsoil which is dependent on complex post-glacial surface conditions, large-scale bioturbation such as tree throws, and the nature of the sediments themselves. Eleven STPs exhibited reworked upper soil horizons (“fill”), most likely associated with grading during airport construction (see example STP S5E55 in Figure 30). In every case, these pits contained artifacts, but only in STPs N18E15 and N18E20, where disturbance was relatively superficial, were artifacts also recovered from intact soil horizons. A contiguous area of disturbed sediments was encountered along the E55 line, extending slightly west at N5E50. This zone marks the eastern limit of the locus. Elsewhere, disturbances were more intermittent, as at N5E0, N10E15, N10E25 and N20E25. Artifacts were found throughout the topsoil and subsoil stratigraphic sequence. Of the 1,357 artifacts recovered (1,186 from the Phase 2 and 171 from the Phase 1), 45% were found in the plowzone (607 artifacts), and 43% were found in the B2/1 and B2/2 horizons (590 artifacts) (Table 17). Ninety-nine percent of the finds represent Native American lithic artifacts (n=1343). Eight artifacts represent historic materials (glass, iron, brick, button and ceramic fragments) (Figure 33). In addition, one small quahog shell fragment and five calcined bone pieces were identified. These are likely associated with Native American activity at the site as they were not found near the historic finds (see artifact catalogue in Appendix IV). Only a single calcined bone fragment was recovered from a subsoil context at STP N19E30. One-hundred-fifty-six artifacts were recovered from disturbed deposits. The weighted mean depth of all artifacts is 19cm below the surface, a depth that corresponds very closely with the typical interface between the topsoil and subsoil horizons where artifacts typically accumulate during the pedogenesis of immature soils; i.e., those found in glaciated regions such as New England (Cremeens 2003).
B1. Historic-Period Cultural Material A total of eight historic artifacts were recovered from Locus 8 during the Phase 1 and Phase 2 excavations (see Table 18). Twelve STPs were excavated in the Phase 1, and only a single milk glass button fragment was recovered, from Phase 1 test pit T28-5, in a layer of fill. Such buttons can date from the 19th century, but are still manufactured today. Seven historic- period artifacts were recovered in Phase 2/Site Examination. Diagnostic artifacts included two untyped pearlware sherds (1780-1830), one from test pit N10E45 and one from test pit N10E34, recovered in the plowzone or duff. A brown lead-glazed red earthenware sherd was recovered from STP N10W5 from a duff or possibly disturbed plowzone context, an untyped iron nail was found in the plowzone in pit N10E34, and an iron screw was associated with S5E19. The screw is of the flat-head variety, which is a type associated with the 19th century to the modern period (as opposed to the rounded heads, which can be earlier). A single red brick fragment came from test pit N10E34, in a plowzone context. The earliest historic artifact is what appears to be a body fragment of a case bottle (dark green glass, thick, and too curved to be window glass). It was recovered from the upper subsoil and likely made its way into lower sediments through taphonimic processes such as cryoturbation or bioturbation. Hand-blown case bottles date throughout the 17th and 18th centuries and just into the 19th century.
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The historic artifacts from Locus 8 represent a very low-density scatter of late 18th- to late 19th-century materials. The single case-bottle fragment may be earlier, which is not surprising, as Marshfield was settled in the 17th century. Although the very small artifact assemblage contains domestic and architectural material, the quantities are too small, artifact variety too low, and the distributions too scattered to represent a likely domestic occupation in Locus 8 (see Figure 33). The faunal evidence is also very scarce and includes five calcined bone and one quahog shell fragment (see Table 18). The bone spatially correlates with the lithic distributions and therefore probably associated with the pre-Colonial loci of Site 19-PL-426. Based on the large number and even distribution of the test pits (i.e., 5-meter interval grid), the sparse artifact assemblage, and lack of any historic features (such as cellar hole, fireplace, privy, midden, foundation remains), the historic-period finds do not likely represent a “typical” Euro-American house site of the colonial period (Harper 2013). The artifact assemblage is also not sufficiently diverse to reflect a domestic occupation, even short-term, of a family of more marginal means. Even marginal families of this time period typically had basic ceramics, drinking glasses, cooking pots, clothing items such as buckles and buttons, as well as a refuse midden near a dwelling. There would also be concentrations of nails, iron hardware and probably at least some window glass. Similar low-density scatters of historic-period artifacts have been found at Native American household sites excavated in New England, including those on reservation or former reservation lands of the Mashantucket Pequot (McBride 1990), the Eastern Pequot (Silliman 2009; Silliman and Witt 2010), the Mohegan (Bendremer et al. 2008), and the Nipmuck (Gould 2010). However, the identification of these sites as Native American was heavily dependent on documentary evidence and oral tradition of Native American historic occupation, and the sites are almost always associated with stone cellar or foundation remains. There is no such documentation for the Marshfield airport property, nor are there physical, structural house remains. Native Americans did live in what is now Marshfield in the Colonial period, but to our knowledge, there was no concentrated settlement in the project area. This does not mean Native Americans did not use the project area for hunting or other purposes, but there is nothing in the Locus 8 assemblage to associate the cultural material with any specific group. It should also be noted that similar concentrations of domestic and architectural artifacts associated with dwellings have also been documented at an African-American tenant house in East Granby, Connecticut (Clouette and Harper 2009) and at many Euro-American sites. In our opinion, the sparse and distributed artifacts from Locus 8 likely represent typical field scatter associated with the manuring practices of the period. These practices included digging up old house sites for the rich soil, which in Massachusetts was called “door dung,” or digging up privies for manure, which was called “night soil;” dried night soil was referred to as “poudrette.” Broken ceramics, brick and glass were used to make filtering systems in privies (Harper 2008), thus these items were often incorporated into manured soils.
Table 18: Non-Lithic Artifacts Recovered from Locus 8 (Phase 1 and Phase 2) Artifact Descriptions Context Unit 1 northern quahog (Mercenaria Plowzone N0E35 mercenaria) fragment 1 brick fragment, 1 nail, 1 pearlware Plowzone N10E34 1 red earthenware brown lead glaze sherd Plowzone/possibly disturbed N10W5 43
Artifact Descriptions Context Unit
1 green glass container glass case bottle Upper subsoil (B21) N19E0 body fragment 1 iron nail fragment Plowzone N10E34 1 iron screw Plowzone S5E19 1 opaque white/milk glass button fragment Disturbed/Fill T28-5 1 untyped pearlware sherd Plowzone N10E45
1 unidentified calcined bone fragment Upper Subsoil (B21) N19E30 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment Plowzone N15E15 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment Plowzone S5W5 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 1 Disturbed/Fill T27-1 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment Plowzone T27-8
B2. Ancient Native American Cultural Material A variety of lithic materials was documented during the Site Examination of Locus 8, and diagnostic artifacts indicate that these date to multiple periods of episodic site use from the Early Archaic, Middle Archaic, Late Archaic and Early Woodland periods. Among the 1343 lithic artifacts recovered in both Phase 1 and 2 surveys, the most common raw material type was quartz (73% of the assemblage), followed by rhyolite (16%), crystal quartz (4%) and quartzite (2%). Shale, possible hornfels, argillite, felsite, possible jasper and mudstone together comprise just 4.7% of the remaining assemblage. While chert is a non-local material and is not always well-represented at Native American sites in southern New England, it is notably absent from Locus 8.
Table 19: All Lithic Raw Materials Recovered from Locus 8 Material Sum Percent Quartz 983 73.19% Rhyolite 215 16.01% Crystal quartz 52 3.87% Quartzite 30 2.23% Shale 22 1.64% Possible hornfels 18 1.34% Unidentified lithic 8 0.60% Argillite 7 0.52% Felsites 4 0.30% Possible jasper 3 0.22% Mudstone 1 0.07% Total 1343 100.00%
Quartz tool manufacturing, use, and resharpening were clearly important aspects of Native American activity at Locus 8. Quartz is a common material in the region, and often 44 dominates assemblages, but it is especially abundant here. Rhyolite is another commonly exploited lithic material in eastern Massachusetts, with outcrops available across much of the region, especially between the Boston Basin and northeastern Rhode Island. While all of the identified rock types (perhaps with the exception of the possible jasper) can be acquired regionally, much of the lithic material worked here has evidence of remnant cortical surfaces, indicating that it was acquired from nearby secondary deposits. In this case, the most likely source of smoothed cortical cobbles is the coastline located ca. one kilometer northeast of the site. About 10% of the quartz, 9% of the rhyolite and 9% of the shale, and a surprising 40% of the quartzite artifacts exhibit evidence of a cobble cortex rind, indicating that these materials were transported a short distance to the site as cobbles (or perhaps as tested and split cobble fragments) before being further reduced at Locus 8.
C. Artifact Density and Distribution at Locus 8 Lithic artifacts were found to be non-randomly distributed within Locus 8. The combined Phase 1 and Phase 2 data are presented in Figure 34. Two high-density and five moderate-density artifact clusters are evident (excluding those along the East 55 line where the soils were found to be disturbed). The high-density clusters, with artifact concentrations in excess of 20 per quarter-meter are focused on STPs N10E35 and S5E20, locations subsequently selected for larger one-by-one-meter excavation samples (shown in white on the figure). These excavation units produced even greater artifact densities than anticipated based on the STP sample: between 26 and 141 per quarter-meter at N10E34 and between 41 and 184 at unit S5E19. Note that the much higher concentrations of lithics for the excavation units at N10E34 and S5E19 are not shown to enhance clarity. Moderate-density areas were identified at N0E0, N15E10, N0E25, S5E30 and N19E35 where artifact counts were between 10 and 20 per quarter- meter. Overall, the evident patterning indicates specific zones of focused Native American activity focused on lithic tool manufacture or repair. Areas of low density may have been used for other purposes, but have left few traces of that activity behind. The distribution of the individual lithic raw materials was also non-random and relatively well-patterned in some cases. Rhyolite was most common in the excavation unit at N10E34, with smaller quantities recovered from N0E0 (Phase 1 STP T27-7). It occurs generally in the northwest portion of the site around N15E5 and to a lesser degree from the unit at S5E19. It also occurs in very low quantities across much of the rest of the site (Figure 35). Despite its overall abundance, most of the quartz was found in the two excavation units, at N10E34 and S5E19, with light concentrations at N9E27, N0E25, N15E10, S5E30 and N19E35 (Figure 36). Elsewhere it occurs in very low numbers, but is broadly scattered throughout the site. Quartzite occurs in relatively low numbers, but is restricted largely to S5E19, N0E25, N10E35, N15E25 and N19E10. Argillite occurred primarily in the excavation unit at S5E19. The remaining materials occur in such low density that it is difficult to assign significance to their distribution. In short, while the most common lithic materials (quartz and rhyolite) evidence relatively good clustering, the lower-density materials (with the exception of quartzite and argillite) are rather broadly distributed, and based on the existing sample, are not clearly structured spatially.
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D. Locus 8 Chronology The Phase 1 and 2 sample from Locus 8 produced eight diagnostic projectile points, two of could not be definitively typed (Table 20). Two additional quartz projectile point fragments were too fragmentary to assign any identification to and are not included in Figure 37, which depicts diagnostic lithic artifacts in Locus 8. A single rhyolite Rossville-like point (Inv# 373) was identified during the prior Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey in a disturbed context (Figure 38, far left).
Table 20: Diagnostic Stone Tools and Fragments from Locus 8 Inventory Unit Quad Description Soil Context # N0E55 SW quartz Rossville Fill 1 898 N10E34 SE quartzite Stark Duff/Plowzone 1197 N10E35 SW rhyolite Rossville Duff/Plowzone 955 N15E25 SW quartz Rossville Ap (Plowzone) 1021 N15E5 SW quartz bifurcate without tip B21 (Upper Subsoil) 991 N19E0 SW rhyolite untyped Small Stemmed without tip Duff/Plowzone 1045 S5E50 SW quartz point fragment without base Duff/Plowzone 1177 S5E55 SW quartz Wading River base fragment Fill 1 1181 T27-4 NA quartz point midsection fragment Fill 1 280 T28-7 NA rhyolite Rossville -like Fill 1 373
One of the research questions associated with the Site Examination was to verify an Early Woodland component at the site. The recovery of three additional Rossville points in the Phase 2 indicates that the Early Woodland period is, in fact, well represented here (Figure 38). The Phase 1 point was found in STP T28-7, close to grid point N9W2 (Figure 37). Two of the new finds are associated with the central lithic concentration and occurred at N15E25 (Inv# 1021) and N10E35-SW (Inv# 955); both points were found in the plowzone. Another Rossville point was found at N0E55 (Inv# 898), in a disturbed context (Figures 37 and 38). An untyped rhyolite small-stemmed point (Inv# 1045) was also found in the plowzone at N19E0 (Figure 38, far right). The point is non-diagnostic, but it may represent an Early Woodland Rossville-like form as well and is similar to the others just described (Figure 38). These Early Woodland artifacts, including those, like the latter, that are less securely associated with this period, were manufactured from rhyolite (3) and quartz (2). While the points fall within the general class of “Small Stemmed” points, this designation can apply to both Archaic and Woodland types. The Rossville points noted from Locus 8 are characterized by slightly longer, tapered, more lobate stems than are typically seen in Late Archaic types, such as Wading River, Squibnocket stemmed and Lamoka. The Wading River type typically has a more square-shaped stem and is well- shouldered. Squibnocket stemmed points generally taper to a sharper unshouldered point at the base and can be described as “spike-shaped” and so lack the lobate base of the Rossville type. The Lamoka type typically has a broad, incurvate stem, though its base can be lobed similarly to the Rossville type. While individual artifacts may express a degree of variation that makes them 46
difficult to confidently assign to a specific “Small Stemmed” type, an assemblage of very similar points, such as these from Locus 8, make type assignment much more compelling. While Vinette I pottery is sometimes associated with sites of this period, the apparent lack of Native American pottery in association with the Early Woodland use of this location simply supports the interpretation of its use as a hunting/resource-gathering camp, rather than longer-term occupation. A single Late Archaic Wading River stemmed point base (Inv# 1181) was found at S5E55 in a disturbed context. The quartz point’s squared shoulders are markedly different from the typical lobate stems found in Rossville points (see Figure 39). The lack of additional Late Archaic stemmed forms at Locus 8 suggests that this phase of the Squibnocket tradition, while present, is not a major component of Locus 8. It is possible that a Squibnocket tradition component once existed east of Locus 8 but was destroyed during airport construction. The Raymond Seamans Jr. collection of Site 19-PL-426 included generically-typed Late Archaic Small Stemmed points found within the bounds of the airport, indicating that portions of the site include Late Archaic components (Mahlstedt 1985). Evidence of a Middle Archaic occupation was identified in excavation unit N10E34-SE, where a quartzite Stark point was identified (Inv# 1197; Figure 40, right). The point was recovered from the plowzone. This area produced one of the few light concentrations of quartzite flakes, suggesting they are associated with the point. These flakes also occurred in the plowzone. A greater concentration of quartzite is present at the unit excavated at S5E19. Here, slightly more than half of the 13 quartzite flakes occurred in the subsoil, while the rest were found in the plowzone. Quartz was also very common in this unit, and it is possible that this area was also used during the Middle Archaic period. Stark points are not very precisely dated in New England, but are likely about 7,000 radiocarbon years old (ca. 7800 calBP). Locus 8 produced evidence for two Early Archaic components. The first is represented by a quartz bifurcate projectile point (Inv# 991). This point is relatively broad, but is only moderately bifurcated (Figure 40, left). It is morphologically closest to the late bifurcate tradition Kanawha type dating to ca. 8,000 rcBP (ca. 9,000 calBP). These points are transitional between the bifurcate and Neville traditions, and may be classed as terminal Early Archaic or incipient Middle Archaic. In eastern Massachusetts, bifurcate points are most commonly manufactured from rhyolites (especially felsite) and sometimes chert (Taylor 1976; Johnson 1993). Quartz bifurcates are not common, but have been documented elsewhere in New England. Johnson (1993) reports only one other from eastern Massachusetts. The point was found in STP N15E5 in a subsoil context. This part of Locus 8 is associated with a light-density quartz and rhyolite concentration between N15E5 and N15E15. The second Early Archaic component is represented by an excellent example of a Gulf of Maine Archaic Tradition (GMAT) micro-core (Inv# 1090; Figure 41, left). This type of core is best described as a small, wedge-shaped or conical form with a platform produced when a prepared multi-faceted core preform is split along its cleavage plane. Narrow micro-flakes (< 2cm in length) are driven from the platform edge in a radial manner. The platform edge is often modified by crushing in order to stabilize it, lending the appearance of edge-use. The distal tapered end often indicates crushing damage, likely produced from being held against an anvil- stone for support (Forrest 1999). This artifact type is documented at Gulf of Maine Archaic- period (GMAT) sites across New England (see Forrest 1999 for discussion). The technology of
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this tradition is very distinct from that of later bipolar quartz reduction strategies aimed at the production of bifacial preforms (e.g., Barber 1981). For example, Boudreau notes that coarse angular debris is a common byproduct of quartz reduction in the Small Stemmed tradition, but he adds that these large fragments do not include evidence of flaking across their surfaces (Beadreau 1981: 18). Another approach to Small Stemmed point production involves the use of cores made from quartz cobbles (Ritchie 1981: 98). These cobble cores produced large (>3cm), tabular flake blanks that could be further modified into bifaces (Ritchie 1981: 104). The associated remnant blocky core fragments are typically polyhedral and irregular. GMAT unifacial micro-cores indicate systematic, small, centripetal flake removals from a prepared unifacial platform, and unlike later quartz cores, even small core fragments typically include multiple delicate flake scars. An assemblage of identical cores was recently dated to 8830+/-40 and 8600+/-40 rcBP at the Edgewood Apartments Site in Plainville, Massachusetts (Jones 2012), overlapping well with dates from the Sandy Hill Site in southeast Connecticut (Jones and Forrest 2003). While similar cores may continue to be made into the early Middle Archaic period further north (as at the Whortleberry Hill Site in Dracut; Dudek 2005), the GMAT typically represents a pre-bifurcate point horizon across most of southern New England (e.g., Forrest 1999; Robinson 2001; Jones and Forrest 2003). The micro-core was found in STP N19E35 in the subsoil at a depth of 30- 38cm. The artifact was found with a quartz scraper or possible core that, because of its shared context and raw material, is also likely part of the same component, though the tool is not diagnostic (Figure 41, right). This portion of Locus 8 is marked by a modest quartz concentration separated from other debitage concentrations by a zone of low artifact density (Figures 34, 36, and 37). Because quartz is the raw material most strongly associated with this tradition, the quartz debitage from this area is interpreted as likely associated with the GMAT Early Archaic component. Only one of the eight quartz artifacts from this STP was found in the plowzone, indicating that this component of Site 19-PL-426 has not been significantly affected by plowing.
E. Other Stone Tools at Locus 8 Thirty-three non-diagnostic stone tools and tool fragments were identified during the Phase 1 and 2 surveys of Locus 8 (Figure 42, Table 21). Among these, 73% are manufactured from quartz, 15% from rhyolite, 6% from felsites, and 3% each from crystal quartz and argillite. The raw material proportions of the stone tools are a very close match to those expressed by the overall raw material proportions observed at the site. Felsite is the single exception to this pattern, because it is much more strongly represented in tool forms than would be expected based on its overall occurrence within the locus (i.e., two of the four felsite artifacts recovered were tools - a biface and a chopper). The felsite sample is very small, however, so this observation should not be provided too much significance. This overall balance between the proportions of tools and debitage indicates that few tools were brought in to the site as finished products and replaced with freshly manufactured items. Rather, the pattern suggests that most tools were locally manufactured, utilized and discarded on-site. This is suggestive of general maintenance and processing activities, rather than a “gearing up” action aimed at tool production for off-site use, such as the focused manufacture of hunting gear.
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Table 21: Non-Diagnostic Stone Tools and Fragments from Locus 8 Unit Quad Material Description Soil Context T27-2 Quartz spokeshave Fill 1 S5E5 SW Quartz preform Duff/Plowzone S5E5 SW Quartz retouched flake Duff/Plowzone N15E5 SW Quartz possible biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) N19E5 SW Rhyolite possible utilized flake Duff/Plowzone S5E10 SW Quartz retouched flake Ap (Plowzone) N5E10 SW Quartz possible micro-drill B21 (Upper Subsoil) N15E10 SW Rhyolite chopper fragment B21 (Upper Subsoil) S5E15 SW Quartz end scraper Ap (Plowzone) S5E15 SW Quartz scraper Ap (Plowzone) N0E15 SW Argillite scraper B21 (Upper Subsoil) N15E15 SW Felsites biface Ap (Plowzone) N18E15 NW Rhyolite biface fragment Buried Ap S5E19 SW Quartz biface fragment Duff/Plowzone S5E19 SW Quartz utilized angular debris Duff/Plowzone S5E19 NW Quartz biface fragment B21 (Upper Subsoil) S5E19 SE Quartz utilized angular debris B21 (Upper Subsoil) N0E25 SW Rhyolite biface fragment Duff/Plowzone N10E25 SW Quartz retouched large primary reduction debris A0 (Duff)/Fill 1 N9E27 NE Quartz scraper Ap (Plowzone) S5E30 SW Quartz flake knife B21 (Upper Subsoil) N10E34 NW Rhyolite retouched large flake Duff/Plowzone N10E34 SE Crystal quartz biface B22 (Lower Subsoil) N10E34 SE Quartz end scraper Duff/Plowzone N10E34 SE Quartz retouched flake Duff/Plowzone N10E34 SE Quartz utilized angular debris Duff/Plowzone N10E34 NE Quartz biface Duff/Plowzone N10E34 NE Quartz utilized angular debris B21 (Upper Subsoil) S5E35 SW Felsites chopper Duff/Plowzone N19E35 SW Quartz scraper-like tool or core B21 (Upper Subsoil) N18E40 NW Quartz possible utilized thick flake Ap (Plowzone) N0E45 SW Quartz utilized angular debris Ap (Plowzone) N8E57 NE Quartz biface Fill 1
About a third of the tools (10) are bifaces (including preforms) or fragments. Most of these are small, nondescript fragments that represent either heavily reworked knives or projectile points, or preforms broken during manufacture. The lithic concentrations identified in the excavation units at N10E34 and S4E19 are likely associated with biface manufacturing activity. Elsewhere across the locus, the lower debitage counts may primarily reflect tool maintenance and resharpening actions. However, the five-meter-interval sample of the Site Examination is likely to have missed the core of a number of localized debitage concentrations similar to those 49
found in the excavation units. For example, it is likely that most of the “moderate-density” zones discussed above would prove to have much denser core areas if more detailed study were undertaken. As a group, the stone tools recovered probably reflect a variety of generalized cutting, scraping and processing tasks. Most of the tools are expedient types, such as utilized and retouched flakes. Side and end scrapers and flake knives are less common and are somewhat more formal tools that required a degree of shaping to attain the desired edge shape and stability. The two choppers indicate heavy-duty activities, such as cracking marrow bone. The delicate possible micro-drill may reflect accidental pseudo-morphology suggesting a function that it was not actually intended for, but the possible tool appears to represent a small piercing implement or awl. In general, the stone tools indicate episodic activity across the site aimed primarily at material and possibly food processing. While some projectile points were manufactured at Locus 8, those found represent a minority of the overall tool kit used on-site. These tools are broadly distributed across the site (Figure 42), but are arguably more common in the vicinity of debitage concentrations.
F. Summary - Locus 8 The Site Examination at Locus 8 resulted in the recovery of artifacts throughout the topsoil and subsoil horizons. Of the 1357 artifacts recovered, 45% were found in the plowzone, and 43% were found in underlying subsoil horizons. Ninety-nine percent of the finds represent Native American lithic artifacts (N=1343). Eight non-modern historic artifacts represent materials interpreted to reflect 18th- through early 20th-century agrarian land use/field scatter and are not considered significant. One small quahog shell fragment and five calcined bone pieces were also identified, but are not clustered together meaningfully. These are likely associated with Native American activity at the site. Their presence indicates that some food processing and preparation occurred here, but no features were identified during the investigation, suggesting that such activities were relatively limited. Among the 1343 lithic artifacts recovered, the most common raw material type is quartz (73% of the assemblage), followed by rhyolite (16%), crystal quartz (4%) and quartzite (2%). Shale, possible hornfels, argillite, felsite, possible jasper and mudstone together comprise just 4.7% of the remaining assemblage. Chert is notably absent in the lithic assemblage. The recovered materials are likely of relatively local origin, and the high proportion of cortical debitage suggests a number of cobbles were gathered from the nearby shoreline and exploited as raw material. Artifact typology indicates that at least five site components are present within the area examined. Roughly half of the diagnostic artifacts are believed to be associated with the Early Woodland period (ca. 2700 – 2000 rcBP). At least one Small Stemmed point represents a Late Archaic Squibnocket Phase Wading River type (ca. 4200 rcBP). A quartzite Stark point dates to the Middle Archaic period (ca. 7000 rcBP). A quartz bifurcate point is likely about 8,000 radiocarbon years old, while a Gulf of Maine Archaic micro-core is probably between about 9,00 and 8,500 radiocarbon years old. Of the diagnostic material found, only the Early Archaic micro-core was buried in a subsoil context. An additional 33 non-diagnostic tools are dominated by expedient cutting and scraping forms. Their raw material proportions closely match those of the assemblage as a whole, suggesting on-site manufacture, use, and discard.
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One research goal was to establish the spatial extent of the site within the bounds of the APE. This was accomplished, and the core, non-disturbed remnant Locus 8 site area falls between the West 5m line and the East 50m lines (Figure 34). The north line is bounded by the limits of the APE along the fence-line, while to the south, the APE is bounded by manicured lawn where the runway has been graded. It is likely that Locus 8 extends one or two meters beyond the S5 line before the underlying sediments are significantly disturbed. The locus thus covers a ca. 55-by-25-meter area of 1375 square meters, or about a third of an acre. Within this area, artifacts were found to cluster non-randomly into discrete activity areas. Localized pockets of disturbance were noted, but these are minimal. A second research goal was to verify the presence of an Early Woodland component, as suggested by the prior Intensive (Locational) Survey results. This was successfully completed, and it is evident that the Early Woodland component of Locus 8 is better expressed than the other components identified, at least in terms of diagnostic artifact numbers. The Site Examination also identified Late Archaic, Middle Archaic and Early Archaic components in Locus 8. A third research aim was to determine if features were present, as suggested by the identification of calcined bone during the Intensive (Locational) Survey. The Site Examination did not identify any features. Only three fragments of fire-cracked rock were found during the Phase 2 survey, and four additional fragments of calcined bone. The bone and fire-cracked rock remains are broadly dispersed and not indicative of clustering associated with a nearby feature. Clearly, the fire-cracked rock and calcined bone indicate hearths or other burn features were once present at the site, but these appear not to have been common. Small features may exist in the interstices of the STP locations. The Site Examination represents only a 1% sample of the existing conditions. Uncommon and small-scale archaeological signatures are therefore likely to be under-represented in the sample or missed altogether. The Site Examination results do, however, suggest that features are not abundant within Locus 8. A final research task was to use the data to better interpret the locus’s function within the broader pattern of land use in the near-coastal environment. This is a more challenging task, but some generalized interpretations can now be made. Locus 8 lies beside the small, marshy waters of Bass Creek that drains into the broader wetland system of Green Harbor Marsh and, eventually, the Atlantic Ocean. Green Harbor Marsh represents an inundated coastal wetland, likely formed during the past two or three millennia within the Bass Creek and Green River drainages as sea level rose. During the Archaic Period, it is expected that the area was drier, and that these small rivers flowed through a terrestrial woodland habitat. At that time, the airport grounds represented a well-drained area of higher ground, well suited to human use. The subsequent development of the marsh, probably beginning in the Early Woodland period, created an encroaching wetland system that would have been abundant in plant and animal resources useful to Native American inhabitants of the area. Thus, Archaic-period site use is expected to reflect activity associated primarily with terrestrial woodland and small stream resources, while subsequent Woodland-period activity may be more strongly tied to resources associated with wetland habitats and the increasingly-near transgressing shoreline. During the period between 10,000 and 3,000 years ago, the shoreline shifted from ca. 10km away (with the shortest distance to the east), to ca. 1.4km (to the northeast, see Figures 43 and 44). Today the shoreline lies about a kilometer away from Locus 8. The most significant change in the distance
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from coastal resources occurred during the early Holocene (10,000 – 6,500 rcBP), after which shoreline transgression was more gradual. While a number of nearshore embayments and islands appear to have existed during the period between about 7500 and 6500 rcBP, the shoreline began to approximate its modern configuration after that. The data from Locus 8 indicate sporadic site use throughout the Archaic period. The local area may have been attractive at that time as an interior habitat when sea levels were significantly lower than today and the coastline further removed. Site use was likely linked to the resources of nearby Bass Creek, which certainly flowed more rapidly and would not have been associated with the wetlands that now embrace it. Hunting or nut-gathering activities are expected to have been most common in the area during much of the Archaic period. The small components left behind at Locus 8 likely reflect short-term food-gathering and processing camps associated with base camps located closer to the shoreline (now inundated), along the banks of a larger river (such as the nearby North River), or adjacent to large wetlands. Based on the reconstructed habitat and limited number of Archaic period finds, it is unlikely that the relatively small area of intact ground that defines Locus 8 ever supported a large Middle Holocene base camp or associated funerary features as, for example, identified at the Middle Archaic Annasnappet Pond site in Carver, Massachusetts (Doucette 2003). During the Woodland period, the landscape underwent a significant change. At this time, the resources in the area may have increased dramatically as tidal wetlands and marshes developed in nearby Green Harbor Marsh. The marshlands gradually encroached north, until they included Bass Creek adjacent to the site. At this time, the shoreline was also much closer, providing ready access to both coastal food resources and exposed beach cobbles of rhyolite, quartz and quartzite. The observed increased evidence of site use during the Early Woodland is interpreted as an expression of this change in the resource base. There is no indication that the overall use of Locus 8 changed dramatically at this time, but site re-use appears to have been more common. While the locus does not appear to reflect an important central location, it does provide evidence of the general use of small resource-gathering locations like this within the broader foraging economy. A more detailed examination of the site is expected to reveal more about the subtle ways site-use likely changed over time between 9,000 and 2,000 years ago.
G. Recommendations – Locus 8 The Site Examination at Locus 8 of Site 19-PL-426 at Marshfield Municipal Airport resulted in the identification of minimally disturbed remnants of ancient human activity. Artifacts recorded at the locus indicate that the area was repeatedly used between about 9,000 and 2,000 radiocarbon years ago, primarily for relatively short-term resource-processing tasks. The location of the site provides a unique opportunity to examine changes in the use of this location during a period of significant environmental change. The most important change likely occurred after about 3,000 years ago when it is expected that an increased water table associated with sea-level rise resulted in the development of extensive nearby wetlands and a concomitant increase in local resource availability. Prior to that time, most site activity was probably associated with the harvest of terrestrial game and plant foods in the vicinity of Bass Creek. Site use appears to have increased during the Early Woodland period (ca. 2,700 – 2,000 radiocarbon years ago) in conjunction with these changes.
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Because of the presence of diagnostic artifacts in good context that can be traced throughout the period of environmental change at the site, Locus 8 has very good research potential and can provide significant new information about Native American economic and settlement organization during the transition from the Archaic to Woodland period. Locus 8, in our opinion, appears to qualify for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, under Criterion A because it is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history, and Criterion D, because it has yielded, and can yield more information important to prehistory. AHS recommended to Gale Associates, airport planners, that Locus 8 be preserved in place, if possible. The airport improvements include the construction of several “turtle nesting habitat mitigation areas” around the airfield. Locus 8 is located within one of these areas, “Turtle Nesting Habitat Mitigation Area A.” Originally the construction of the habitat area was to require the excavation of 12-18 inches of “native material” (the present topsoil and subsoil) and its replacement with loose sand or a loose loamy sand mix. Because of the archeological finds in Locus 8, this turtle nesting habitat mitigation area will be redesigned to protect the artifacts found within it, for both the short term (during construction) and long term (post-construction). In order to eliminate impacts to Locus 8, Gale Associates has agreed that the proposed Turtle Nesting Habitat Mitigation Area A will be constructed on top of the existing soil surface so that it will not require any excavation. To accomplish this in the most sensitive manner and to protect the soil and prevent any compaction, 12-18 inches of loose sand and sand/loam mixture will be gently placed over the existing soil surface. No excavation will occur, nor will any vegetation grubbing occur. Any woody stem plants will be flush-cut to the surface with hand equipment. Because of the relatively small size of this locus, material will also be placed from the edges and worked toward the center with light equipment so that tire compaction will not occur. Also, after soil is placed, no later compaction of the soil will occur. The final plan calls for several small shrubs (18-24”) to be planted in this area, outside of Locus 8. All such planting will occur within the new material placed over the existing topsoil. Extreme care will be taken when excavating these holes (12” deep max) to not disturb the native topsoil below. All such planting work will be done with hand tools. AHS will monitor the turtle-habitat creation in Locus 8 and will place snow fencing around Locus 8 to help prevent accidental disturbance during the airport improvement construction. If for some reason these plans are altered and avoidance of Locus 8 through the redesign outlined above is infeasible, AHS recommends that project impacts to Locus 8 be mitigated through Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations. The combination of artifact clusters and diagnostic tool locations suggest that at least six portions of the locus should be examined more closely (see Figure 45). If a Phase 3 Data Recovery is necessary, it should further explore how the use of Locus 8 changed between ca. 9,000 and 2,000 years ago, and how that change in site use relates to possible environmental transitions associated with the shift from the harvest of primarily terrestrial to increasingly wetland-based resources. In addition, it is recommended that a more detailed analysis of the potential lithic sources be undertaken. In particular, a number of the uncommon lithic varieties at the site appear to reflect a variety of different raw materials. Some appear macroscopically to be shales, siltones, argillites, and mudstones, but others are likely the metamorphosed variants of these rocks. These hornfels are nearly impossible to identify macroscopically and have been shown to represent some of the most common materials
53 misidentified by archaeologists (Calogero 1992, 1995). They are expected to be abundant within the Boston Basin and will be associated with its numerous volcanic dikes and sills that baked and indurated the sedimentary horizons they were intrusive into (e.g. Goldsmith 1991; Skehan 1979). Some sources are well known, such as the Braintree quarry in Milton (Bowman and Zeoli 1977), but many have probably not been reported and others have likely been destroyed by modern construction in the greater metropolitan area. Other common sources of hornfels, such as the Lockatong Formation, lie much further south in the tri-states New York-New Jersey- Pennsylvania region, but may appear quite similar. Lockatong hornfels was traded quite broadly during the Middle and Late Woodland periods (Tryon and Philpotts 1997; Strauss 1989). Therefore, assumptions of local acquisition must be critically evaluated against other possible sources to avoid oversimplifying the lithic economy of the region. Analysis of these minority lithic materials would require thin-sectioning (Calogero 2002) and consultation with regional geologists, but could provide important new information about the complex lithic economy of eastern Massachusetts.
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IX. RESULTS OF THE PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION SURVEY AT LOCUS 9
A. Introduction Locus 9 covers a broad, ca. 55-by-70-meter area off the southwest end of the runway (Figures 4, 21, 24 and 46). The area is currently a relatively open field dominated by shrubs, grasses and poison ivy. A number of small trees have established themselves here in the past decade or so. There was sufficient vegetation that AHS had to cut grid lines by hand with machetes. The excavation grid was established with a datum of North 0 East 0 at the location of Phase 1 STP T18-8 in the center of the area to be tested (Figure 47). Grid north was set perpendicular to the runway at approximately 45 degrees west of north. Precise excavation control points were set every ten meters with a Total Station, data recorder, and electronic (infra- red) distance meter and prism pole. A sample of these control points was fixed to the NAD 83 Massachusetts State Plane coordinate system with a sub-meter-precision Trimble GPS unit so that the excavation grid could be accurately projected in GIS. Phase 2 STPs were placed at 5- meter intervals within the area defined as Locus 9, except where their locations overlapped those of prior Phase 1 STPs. A total of 97 additional STPs and five 1 x 1-meter excavation units were excavated during the Site Examination survey (Figure 47). Thirty-seven Phase 1 STPs had already been excavated in this portion of the project, bringing the total STP count within the area to 134.
B. Results – Locus 9 The Phase 2/Site Examination of Locus 9 resulted in the identification of three components within the locus: a pre-Contact ancient Native American component, part of Site 19- PL-426, designated as Mars1; a 1750-1775 historic component designated as Mars2; and a possible Settlement/Colonial period component designated as Mars3. The two historic components are within the broader pre-Contact Native American component, but are separated from one another spatially (Figure 48); they were not evident in the Phase 1 survey and were only identified by the closer-interval Phase 2 testing.
Table 22: Summary Results of the Phase 1 and 2 Archaeological Surveys of Locus 9 Mars1 Mars 1 Mars2 Mars 2 Mars 3 Mars 3 Material Ph 1 Ph 2 Ph 1 Ph 2 Ph 1 Ph 2 Total Faunal 43 43 Glass 1 30 3 34 Historic Ceramic 1 40 2 27 2 72 Historic Pipe 1 7 8 Lithic 333 1508 1 1842 Metal 5 6 1 2 14 Other Historic 0 Sum 335 1627 2 43 1 5 2013
A total of 1675 additional artifacts was recovered during the Phase 2/Site Examination within Locus 9: 1627 from the pre-Contact component (Mars1); 43 from the 18th-century component (Mars2); and five from the possible Settlement/Colonial-period component (Mars3) 55
(see Table 22). Two historic-period ceramics from the Phase 1/Intensive (Locational) Survey were re-cataloged as aspects of these historic components where a reasonable chronological and spatial association could be drawn (see artifact catalogues in Appendix II). The two historic components are summarized following the discussion of the pre-Contact component of Locus 9. The remaining historic materials from Locus 9 not included in these two components represent 19th-century debris/field scatter (primarily glass and historic fragments) that is believed to reflect the general agrarian use of the area at this time, possibly by the Ford family farm. The ceramics from this field-scatter assemblage are dominated by transfer-printed pearlware and whiteware and have a mean ceramic date of 1860. These historic finds are not considered significant and are not discussed in further detail. Table 23 outlines the historic field-scatter artifacts found in Locus 9 that are not included in the historic components Mars2 and Mars3.
Table 23: Historic Field-scatter Artifacts From Locus 9 Outside of Mars2 and Mars3 Material Phase Count blue transfer-printed whiteware 2 12 bottle cap 2 1 glass tumbler 2 1 iron nail 2 1 kaolin pipe 2 1 modern bottle glass 2 20 pharmaceutical glass 2 1 red earthenware (no glaze) 2 8 red earthenware lead glaze 2 5 rim fire cartridge post-1866 2 1 shotgun shell casing 2 1 tin can fragment 2 1 unidentified curved glass 2 5 unidentified flat glass 2 3 untyped porcelain 2 6 untyped whiteware 2 10 window glass 1 1
B1. Pre-Contact Native American Component (Mars1) The most common artifact type recovered during the Phase 2/Site Examination of Locus 9 is lithics. These numbered 1508 from the Phase 2 survey and 333 from the Phase 1 survey, bringing the total to 1841 (Tables 22 and 24). A single small flake of dark gray European flint was also found, but is considered an element of the historic component Mars3 (see below). The most abundant raw material associated with Locus 9 is rhyolite (42%), followed closely by quartz and quartz crystal (40%). Both of these materials have sources in the Boston Basin area and are considered relatively local materials. The remaining nine lithic materials together comprise only 17.5% of the assemblage. These include a relatively soft sedimentary shale-like material (6%), a harder metamorphosed hornfels-like material (3.5%), quartzite (2.9%), and 56 unidentified lithic materials (2.8%, consisting primarily of coarse fire-cracked rock fragments). Argillite, chert, chalcedony, mudstone and slate were very uncommon, and together comprise just 2% of the entire lithic assemblage (37 artifacts). Most of these materials are also considered to have potential local sources in the Boston Basin area. The exceptions are green argillite, with a probable source area in the Narragansett Bay, and chert, which (with the exception of a small source on Mount Tom in western Massachusetts – Calogero, personal communication 2009), only has sources outside of the state. In southern New England, chert is most commonly sourced to quarries in eastern New York (Calogero and Philpotts 1995: 9). The chalcedony may also represent a non-local lithic, but this material can form along fault lines and dikes, both of which occur in the Boston Basin area, though a local source has not been identified. Better-known sources of chalcedony in southern New England include the Pennsylvanian-age jasper and chalcedony deposits of northern Rhode Island and the Mesozoic pillow basalts of central Connecticut (Calogero and Philpotts 1995: 9).
Table 24: Lithic Raw Materials From Locus 9 Material Count Percent rhyolite 781 42.4% quartz 738 40.1% shale-like 116 6.3% hornfels-like 64 3.5% quartzite 54 2.9% unidentified lithic 51 2.8% argillite 15 0.8% chert 13 0.7% chalcedony 4 0.2% mudstone 3 0.2% Slate 2 0.1% Total 1841 100.0%
Forty-three faunal finds were also made during the Site Examination of Locus 9. The most common faunal material was calcined bone (33%). This material is most likely associated with the pre-Contact Native American component. Calcined bone occurred in very low numbers across the locus, with no apparent clustering (see artifact distribution discussion below). Non- calcined bone was also relatively well-represented (26%) and likely represents more recent, historic-period discarded material. Over 50 percent of this material was concentrated in STP N15W10 and is therefore not spatially associated with either of the historic components Mars2 or Mars3. Softshell clam was the most common shellfish identified, all 11 fragments of which were found in STP S5W30. The three eggshell fragments were also found in a single test pit: S10W15. They are most likely remnants of turtle eggs, as recent nests were observed elsewhere in the field. Three quahog shell fragments were found in three separate STPs with no discernible patterning. Overall, considering the proximity of the shoreline, it is notable that so little marine shell was recovered from Locus 9 or the other Loci in general. This suggests that pre-Contact
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Native American activity at Site 19-PL-426 was generally not focused on the harvesting or processing of coastal resources.
Table 25: Faunal Materials Recovered From Locus 9/Mars1 Native American Component Faunal Material Count Percent calcined bone 14 32.6% non calcined bone 11 25.6% possible turtle egg shell (modern) 3 7.0% unidentified gastropod shell 1 2.3% northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) 3 7.0% soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) 11 25.6% Total 43 100.0%
B1.1 Locus 9 Sediment Context Soils in Locus 9 are described at the state level as Carver loamy coarse sand. Carver sands are excessively drained and are typically formed on glacial outwash plains such as the one that underlies Marshfield Municipal Airport. Just north lie Merrimack fine sandy loams and to the west are Deerfield loamy sands which also form in outwash plains and deltas. Southward, the adjacent wetlands consist of freshened Ipswich-Pawcatuck-Matunuck complex sediments. Typically these wetland sediments are subject to tidal saltwater inundation, but the construction of the tidal gates at the outlet of the Green Harbor Marsh on Dike Road have lowered local water tables and now prevent tidal inundation. It is important to bear in mind that local water tables are currently approximately 2.5 feet lower than they had been prior to the construction of the tidal gate in 1872 (Osler et al. 2007). The excavated area in the far southwestern portion of the locus, at STP S10W35, indicated wet sediments at 65cm (2.1 feet) below ground surface (see profile in Figure 8). This area would likely have been tidally inundated on a daily basis prior to 1872, and pre-Contact Native American artifacts from this STP likely predate sea-level changes over the past two millennia. Areas of contemporary wetlands south of the South-20 line were not excavated, but could contain artifacts from a similar tidal context. Soil profiles across Locus 9/Mars1 typically expressed fine sandy conditions typical of outwash plain landforms, with some small gravel inclusions (see profile examples in Figures 49 and 50). Topsoil (plowzone) depths varied across the site, generally becoming shallower to the west toward the wetlands (e.g., 35cm at N5E25 and 18cm at N0W25, Figures 49 and 50). The base of the subsoil also varied in depth somewhat depending primarily on the thickness of the overlying topsoil horizon, but in most cases subsoils terminated at 60 to 65 cm below ground surface. Soils tended to become coarser-grained with depth, with a gravel component common in the C-horizon. Cobbles were generally uncommon, occurring, for example, in the western portion of the locus at N0W25 in the C-horizon (Figure 49). A single STP terminated against a large stone (N15E0 at 30-40cm), and this single rock appears to be an outlier. It was embedded in natural B-horizon sediments, and there is no reason to suspect its presence has a human origin as a hearth, anvil or foundation stone, for example.
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Most of the artifacts recovered from Locus 9/Mars1 were found in a topsoil context (Table 26). About 11% were associated with underlying subsoils, and 1% from wet sediments. Close to 10% of the finds were associated with disturbed soil contexts. Significant soil disturbance was noted from STPs S15E0 and S20E0 (see discussion below). Artifacts were also recovered from disturbed soil horizons at S5E30, N5E5 and S20E20, but in general soils were found to show little sign of alteration beyond plowing.
Table 26: Sediment Context of Artifacts From Locus 9, Phases 1 and 2 Combined Soil Horizon Artifact Count Percent Plowzone 1532 78.1% Interface 49 2.5% Subsoil 171 8.7% Disturbed 189 9.6% Wetland 21 1.1% Total 1962 100.0%
B1.2 Lithic Artifact Density and Distribution at Locus 9/Mars1 While plowing has certainly shifted most of the artifacts in Mars1 vertically, distinctive artifact clustering within the plowzone horizon across Locus 9 indicates that lateral artifact movement has not been strong enough to significantly affect the original distribution of materials (Figure 51). The core topsoil artifact concentration falls within a large zone between N0E5, N0E25, S15E5 and S15E15 (> ca. 20 lithic artifacts per STP) with possible sub-concentrations of greater density within this area. Smaller concentrations occur at N15E15, N10W5, S5W21, and S25E15. The distinct zones of high and low lithic artifact counts suggest plowing has had a limited effect on the horizontal distribution of the artifacts. It is likely that most of these concentrations reflect independent episodes of activity across the locus. The core area may have developed as a palimpsest of multiple episodes of smaller-scale overlapping site use, or it may represent a larger, more intensively-used occupation. The distribution of lithic artifacts from the subsoil across Locus 9/Mars1 component indicates even more distinct areas of activity (Figure 52). These locations express a much lower artifact density than noted in the topsoil horizon, but the remnant patterning is arguably cleaner. This may in part be an effect of a smaller, more discrete sample, but the distribution is far from random. The density of subsoil artifacts shown in Figure 52 falls between 1 and 9 per 50x50cm STP. Subsoil artifacts appear to reflect a distinct organization from the topsoil finds shown in Figure 51. This is good evidence for chronologically meaningful separation of components by soil context. The subsoil finds are assumed to be on average older than most of the topsoil artifacts, if in large part only because they have had more time to drift downwards through the soil column (Cremeens 2003). This is a stochastic process, driven largely by sporadic small- scale soil disturbances such as insect and animal burrowing, meaning that artifacts deposited at a given time in the past are expected to express a bell-curve distribution by depth provided enough time (millennia). Plowing in the past two centuries has obscured the upper portions of many of these individual bell-curve distributions, leaving only the remnant lower tails of many in the subsoil. There is no reason to believe that soils have accumulated or deepened across this 59
Pleistocene landform (burying artifacts) simply because there is no nearby source for aggrading sediments. Finds were made as deep as 80-90cm (in Unit S20W4), in deeply buried sandy wetland sediments, however. Areas such as this, experiencing tidal water-table changes, developed potentially thick salt-meadow silty organic deposits within and above the parent sandy outwash sediments. Some of these silty wetland areas along the southern and western margins of Locus 9 appear to have been plowed after the construction of the tidal gates lowered local water tables. Artifacts occurring in such wetland deposits may have been discarded into wet low areas adjacent to occupation areas in the past, but may also reflect occupation on once-dry surfaces prior to increased water tables associated with sea-level change during the past two millennia. Artifacts from disturbed contexts also express discrete concentrations indicating specific, limited areas of significant soil disturbance (Figure 53). Disturbed locations are limited to S10E0 to S20E0, S5W30, and S20E20. A small number of lithic artifacts come from disturbed sediments at STP N5E4-SE. These areas appear to be too disturbed to produce archaeologically significant data.
B1.3 The Distribution of Lithic Raw Materials at Locus 9/Mars1 component The following discussion of raw-material distributions examines combined top- and subsoil contexts to simplify the otherwise complex data sets. Where the patterning is evident, it is noted whether a particular concentration is associated with a topsoil or subsoil context. The distributions combine the Phase 1 and 2 data.
B1.3.1 Rhyolite. Rhyolite is the most common lithic material type recovered during archaeological testing of Locus 9/Mars1. Rhyolite exhibits a relatively complex, non-random distribution across the locus, with six concentrations of artifacts greater than 10 per quarter-meter (Figure 54). Four of these areas are associated primarily with the plowzone (N10W5, EU S1E9, S10E5 and N0E24-SE). Rhyolite from the concentration at N0E0/T18-8 is primarily in a plowzone context (8 artifacts), though four pieces were also found in the subsoil. One concentration (S20E0) is in an area of soil disturbance. Sixteen artifacts of pinkish-red rhyolite, often with pale-yellow veins, are included with the other rhyolite varieties noted above. This material is a homogenous, aphanitic (lacking visible phenocrysts) rhyolite visually similar to varieties from documented quarries in Saugus, Massachusetts (Luedtke 1987: 37). This variety of rhyolite occurred in very low numbers and displays no distinctive spatial patterning (Figure 55). Only two artifacts were found in a subsoil context, but this ratio is statistically equivalent to that of all lithic materials from the locus in general (i.e., about 10% of materials were found in subsoils). Twenty-five percent of this material is represented by primary reduction flakes, compared to a 12.8% primary reduction ratio for all lithics within the locus. This indicates that this material in particular was primarily collected from redeposited cobbles, most likely along the coastline.
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Table 27: Saugus-like Rhyolite Artifacts From Locus 9/Mars1 Component N0E15 Microflake Ap (Plowzone) N5W28 biface thinning flake Ap (Plowzone) N9W4-SE primary reduction flake Duff/Plowzone S10W35 flake Ap (Plowzone) S15E0 flake Redeposited Ap? S16W10-NW bifacial retouch flake Duff/Plowzone S1E9-NW primary reduction flake Duff/Plowzone S25E45 primary reduction flake Ap (Plowzone) S25E50 flake Ap (Plowzone) S5E5 flake Ap/B21 (Interface) S5W30 bifacial retouch flake Disturbed/Fill 1 T16-10 biface thinning flake Ap (Plowzone) T18-11 primary reduction flake B21 (Upper Subsoil) possible utilized flake (may T18-8 be recent edge damage) B21 (Upper Subsoil) T20-6 bifacial retouch flake Redeposited Ap/Fill T22-7 flake Ap (Plowzone)
While a number of color varieties of rhyolites are noted in the assemblage, only one other stands out as a relatively unique material. This so-called “red-brown” rhyolite expresses well- developed phenocrysts in a reddish-brown ground mass. These may reflect varieties of Mattapan Formation “Attleboro felsite” with sources in northeastern Rhode Island and adjacent areas of Massachusetts. Other reddish rhyolites are noted from closer sources at the Sally Rock quarry (Mattapan formation) in southern Mattapan (Skehan 1979: 35) and Hyde Park in Hingham (Emerson 1917: 202). Eighty-six artifacts are described as this type in the inventory catalogue (see artifact catalogue in Appendix IV). Their distribution generally matches that of rhyolite as a whole across the locus, but has distinct concentrations at S5W21 and N20E20 that likely represent unique knapping or tool-repair episodes (Figure 56). The remaining varieties of rhyolite can be described as black or gray, with some examples tending toward gray-green. Most of these can be attributed to relatively local sources in the Blue Hills-Sally Rock area (Skehan 1979: 35, 37). Five rhyolite flakes were described as “purple” varieties, and may have a somewhat more distant source at Marblehead.
B1.3.2 Quartz. Quartz is the second most common raw material recovered from Locus 9/Mars1 component. Its distribution is different from that of rhyolite, suggesting the two raw material types were rarely used contemporaneously. Figure 57 shows the distribution of quartz across Mars1 based on the combined Phase 1 and 2 samples. Six core areas of quartz concentration occur across the locus: S5E0 to S5E5, N0W5, N0W16-SE to S5W15, S16W10-SW, S5E20 and S25E15. Each of these locations had 17 or more quartz artifacts associated with them per quarter-meter quadrant. Quartz artifacts at these locations occur primarily in a topsoil (plowzone) context, but where quartz density was the highest (S5E0, N0W5, N0W16-SE and S16W10-SW) approximately 30% of the material was found in the subsoil, a significant 61
deviation from the 9% average for subsoil lithics across the locus. The subsoil contexts of these artifacts in their most dense locations may in part reflect the increased statistical opportunity for artifacts to randomly drift given the larger sample size. But, the high proportion suggests that it is likely that the use of quartz predates the use of rhyolite and other materials at the site in these areas.
B1.3.3 Other Lithics. As noted in Figure 58, a wide variety of other lithic materials occur at Mars1, but in very low quantities. To simplify the following discussion, these materials are lumped into a single category. The justification for this is that, because of their small numbers, artifact concentrations of these materials should be evident even when treated as a group. Four areas of Locus 9 do express relatively higher proportions of other lithic materials (Figure 58). The greatest concentrations of the minority lithic materials occur at EU S1E9, T20-6 (S20E0), S10E5 and N9W4-NW. The excavation unit S1E9 contained 14 other lithics in the northeast quad and 13 in the northwest. Other lithic materials in these quads include shale and possible shale (16), argillite (5), quartzite (4), and possible hornfels (1). Four of the argillite and one shale were found in the subsoil. The rest were in the plowzone horizon. The tendency for argillite to be located deeper suggests it may reflect an earlier use of this space. Phase 1 STP T20-6 included 10 possible hornfels, all from a disturbed context. The other lithic concentration at S10E5 includes 3 possible shale, 3 quartzite, and 2 possible hornfels. The final other lithic concentration at S9W4-NW contained 8 shale and possible shale in a plowzone context. Other lower-density sub-concentrations occur across the site, each likely representing unrelated, very brief episodes of tool rejuvenation or resharpening.
B1.4 Locus 9/Mars1 Component Chronology Based on Lithics Twelve projectile points or fragments were identified during the Phase 2/Site Examination, in addition to the three found during the Phase 1 (Table 28). The points range in age from the Middle Archaic period (a rhyolite Neville-like base fragment, Inv# 1416, ca. 7500 rcBP – Figure 59, in addition to the Merrimack-like point from the Phase 1, ca. 6000 rcBP), Late Archaic (a rhyolite Squibnocket triangle, ca. 4200 rcBP, in addition to one from the Phase 1 – Figure 60, Inv# 2112), Early Woodland (5 Rossville and Rossville-like points manufactured from quartz, felsite, and Rhyolite, ca. 2500 rcBP – Figure 61), and Late Woodland (a quartz Madison-like point, ca. 600 rcBP – Figure 60). Four other small fragments could not be specified to a type. All of the diagnostic artifacts recovered during the Phase 2 survey were found in a topsoil/plowzone context.
Table 28: Diagnostic Projectile Points and Fragments From Locus 9/Mars1 Unit Inv# Description Soil Context N0E24-SE 1416 rhyolite Neville-like base fragment Ap (Plowzone) N15E15 1596 rhyolite untyped point tip fragment Ap (Plowzone) N20E5 1655 quartz Madison-like base fragment Buried Ap N20E70 1670 quartz untyped triangular ear fragment Ap (Plowzone) N9W4-SE 2101 quartz Rossville without tip Duff/Plowzone N9W4-SE 2112 rhyolite Squibnocket triangle Duff/Plowzone
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S15E45 1977 felsite Rossville Ap (Plowzone) S16W10-NW 2333 quartz Rossville-like base fragment Duff/Plowzone S1W20-SE 2247 quartz Rossville-like base fragment Duff/Plowzone S5E0 1686 quartz untyped point base fragment Ap (Plowzone) S5W15 1786 rhyolite Rossville Duff/Plowzone S5W5 1767 quartz untyped ear fragment Ap (Plowzone) T19-10 167 rhyolite Merrimack-like Ap (Plowzone) T19-6 118 quartz Squibnocket triangle base fragment Ap (Plowzone) T20-6 203 rhyolite untyped Small Stemmed without tip Redeposited Ap/Fill
The projectile points (and a single rhyolite bifacial drill, see Figure 62) were found throughout the area of testing with no discernible clustering by time period or raw material type (Figure 63). The distribution suggests that these tools were deposited at Locus 9/Mars1 during numerous episodes of small-scale site use. While the evidence indicates sporadic use through the Middle and Late Archaic periods, based on the diagnostic materials, the most common period for these brief occupations was likely the Early Woodland. Projectile points are not spatially associated with the core debitage distribution around N0E9, nor are any clearly associated with any subsoil concentrations of debitage. There are a small number of possible associations, such as the quartz Rossville-like point at S16W10-NW with a light quartz concentration, and rhyolite debitage concentrations with the rhyolite Squibnocket triangle and nearby drill around N9W4, the rhyolite Neville-like base fragment at N0E24, and the rhyolite point fragment at N15E15. These relatively few instances of correlation between debitage and diagnostic tools suggests that tools were discarded in areas other than those used for production and repair, or, perhaps more likely, in most cases the debitage concentrations reflect independent episodes of site use. Twenty-one additional bifaces, preforms and fragments were found in Locus 9/Mars1 during the Site Examination, bringing the total from both Phase 1 and 2 surveys to 31 (Table 29, see Figure 62 for examples). Like projectile points, bifaces and preforms are scattered throughout the locus with no apparent clustering. Arguably, the quartz and rhyolite bifaces from S5E0 are spatially associated with the quartz concentration in that portion of Locus 9, while the two mudstone bifaces from Phase 1 STP T18-7 (N0E10) are adjacent to the rhyolite debitage concentration at S1E9. Given the number of other bifaces across the locus, these associations may be more spurious than significant. The relatively high number of discarded bifaces does suggest that tools were being manufactured on-site. Most of these discarded fragments were likely broken during production. One of the bifaces is actually a robust bifacial core (S25E40). Most of these tools were found in the plowzone. The exceptions are the quartz preform from N9W4-SE from the subsoil and a rhyolite biface fragment from a buried wetland sediment at S20W4, in addition to the two Phase 1 subsoil finds at T18-7 (N0E10) and T18-8 (N0E0).
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Table 29: Non-diagnostic Bifaces, Preforms and Fragments From Locus 9/Mars1 Unit Tool Description Soil Context N10W15 quartz preform B21 (Upper Subsoil) N14E24-NE rhyolite preform Ap (Plowzone) N15W5 shale-like possible biface Ap (Plowzone) N15W5 quartz biface midsection fragment Ap (Plowzone) N5E20 rhyolite biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) N5E4 quartz biface fragment Disturbed N9W4-SE quartz preform B21 (Upper Subsoil) N9W4-NW rhyolite preform Duff/Plowzone S10W35 rhyolite possible early-stage preform Ap (Plowzone) S15E20 quartz preform Ap (Plowzone) S15E20 rhyolite biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) S15W10 quartz biface fragment Duff/Plowzone S1E9 argillite possible biface Duff/Plowzone S20W4 rhyolite biface fragment Wetland 3 S25E40 rhyolite bifacial core Duff/Plowzone S25E45 quartz biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) S5E0 quartz biface Ap (Plowzone) S5E0 rhyolite biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) S5E10 rhyolite biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) S5E15 crystal quartz possible biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) S5E20 rhyolite biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) T17-11 quartz biface fragment Ap (Plowzone)2 T17-8 quartz biface fragment Ap (Plowzone) T18-7 2 mudstone biface fragment B21 (Upper Subsoil) T18-8 quartz biface fragment B21 (Upper Subsoil) T20-6 quartz biface fragment Redeposited Ap/Fill T22-3 rhyolite biface tip fragment Ap (Plowzone) T22-5 quartz biface Ap (Plowzone) A14 rhyolite biface fragment Ap (Plowzone)
Seventeen additional non-diagnostic lithic tools were identified during the Phase 2 survey of Locus 9, bringing the combined Phase 1 and 2 total to 27 (Table 30). These simple tools, primarily manufactured on flakes are also distributed throughout the locus (Figure 64). They exhibit irregular edge damage indicative of use or resharpening. A number of these tools are designated as “possible” types in the table, indicating that the edge damage is so light that it may have been caused post-depositionally by the plow or natural soil disturbances (these possible tool fragments are not depicted on Figure 64). Most can be classed as utilized flakes and were likely expediently used for simple cutting and scraping tasks. Steep-bitted scrapers, utilized angular 64 and primary debris fragments and the possible shale chopper represent more robust tools for heavier chopping and scraping tasks. The distribution of these expedient tools across the locus again indicates that a variety of commonplace tasks occurred here, most likely over a large number of site visits.
Table 30: Non-diagnostic Tools and Fragments From Locus 9 Unit Tool Description Soil Context N0W16-SE quartz steep-edged scraper Ap (Plowzone) N10W5 rhyolite drill Ap (Plowzone) N10W5 rhyolite large utilized flake Ap (Plowzone) N10W5 shale possible chopper Ap (Plowzone) N14E24-NE quartz utilized flake Ap (Plowzone) N15E15 possible shale flake knife Ap (Plowzone) N15W10 quartz utilized large angular debris Ap (Plowzone) N5E10 quartz retouched flake Ap (Plowzone) N5E25 rhyolite utilized flake Ap (Plowzone) S10E5 quartz utilized flake Ap (Plowzone) S15E10 quartz possible utilized flake Ap (Plowzone) S16W10 quartz possible utilized flake Duff/Plowzone S1E9-NW quartz possible utilized angular debris Duff/Plowzone S1E9-NW 2 rhyolite utilized flakes Duff/Plowzone S25E55 crystal quartz scraper Duff/Plowzone S5W15 quartz possible utilized flake Duff/Plowzone T17-10 quartz utilized flake Ap (Plowzone) T18-10 rhyolite retouched flake Ap (Plowzone) T18-8 quartz utilized flake Ap (Plowzone) T18-8 rhyolite possible utilized flake B21 (Upper Subsoil) T19-10 quartz utilized primary cobble reduction Ap (Plowzone) T19-7 quartz possible wedge Ap (Plowzone) T19-8 rhyolite flake knife Ap (Plowzone) T19-9 quartz scraper Ap (Plowzone) T20-4 quartz utilized angular debris Redeposited Ap T20-4 rhyolite knife Redeposited Ap/B21
The sample of tools recovered during the Phase 1 and 2 surveys permits a statistical approximation of the total number of artifacts likely located within Locus 9/Mars1. Table 31 summarizes these estimates based on a sample size of 151 quarter-meter excavation units (n) within the 3340-square-meter area (N) of Locus 9 (or 1.13% of the total area) (the calculations are based on those outlined in Drennan 1996: 254). If it is assumed that the core area is limited to the higher-density area of debitage distribution (> ca. 10 artifacts per test pit) the area is reduced to 1395 square meters with a 72-STP sample, or ca. 1.29% of the total area. The 65 estimated numbers of tools are then reduced somewhat. The actual number is probably closer to the second approximation than the first, yet still indicates that Locus 9/Mars1 was a heavily utilized location. If about five projectile points were discarded here with each site visit, the numbers suggest that over 200 individual short episodes of use occurred here over 6000 or more years (this approximation would indicate the discard of about 11 expedient tools and 8 bifaces per site visit). While this seems like a large number of occupations, the time between visits was on average more than 25 years, or about a generation. This is certainly more than enough time for plant and animal resources to have replenished themselves, even after an intensive harvest. More extensive archaeological excavation may demonstrate much more frequent use of this resource-rich area.
Table 31: Estimated Tool Counts Based on the Phase 1 and 2 Sample of Locus 9/Mars1 (1.13%) Total Locus 9 Estimate and Locus 9 Core Area Estimate and Tool Class Count 95% confidence range 95% confidence range projectile points 15 1327+/-64 1163+/-126 bifaces/preforms 25 2212+/-132 1938+/-274 other lithic tools 32 2831+/-186 2481+/-398
B1.5 Faunal Materials, Fire-Cracked Rock and Features at Locus9/Mars1 The discussion of lithic tool discard rates above suggests the site was not typically used intensively (i.e. by large numbers of individuals for extended periods of time), and the low occurrence of features identified at the locus supports this hypothesis. A single possible pre- Contact feature was found during the Phase 1 survey, but was determined during closer examination of a 1-by-1-meter excavation unit at S1W20 to consist of a deeper-than-normal plow scar. No additional features were identified during the Phase 2/Site Examination, indicating that they are not common within Locus 9. The presence of fire-cracked rock, calcined bone and shellfish remains does indicate that a number of features are likely present, but were not intercepted by the 1% sample provided by the Phase 2 survey. Figure 65 shows light concentrations of fire-cracked rock by weight. While fire-cracked rock was recovered from 31 50x50cm quadrants, only 14 of these contained total weights over 50gm. The greatest amount of fire-cracked rock occurred in S1E9-NW, with 365gm (just over half a pound). The distribution of fire-cracked rock shown in Figure 24 indicates about 8 clusters dispersed across Locus 9. The figure also provides the location of calcined bone fragments, shell and non-calcined bone. In general, the counts for these materials were very low, most often single fragments. Table 32 summarizes the faunal materials from Locus 9/Mars1.
Table 32: Faunal Materials Identified in Locus 9/Mars1 STP Count Description Soil Context N0E5 1 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) Ap (Plowzone) N0W5 1 calcined bone Ap (Plowzone) N0W5 1 calcined bone B21 (Upper Subsoil)
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N15W10 1 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) Ap (Plowzone) N15W10 6 non calcined bone Ap (Plowzone) N5E0 1 calcined bone Ap (Plowzone) N5E15 1 calcined bone B21 (Upper Subsoil) N5W11-SE 1 calcined bone Duff/Plowzone S10E15 2 calcined bone B21 (Upper Subsoil) S10W15 3 possible egg shell (recent turtle?) B21 (Upper Subsoil) S15E0 1 calcined bone Redeposited Ap? S15E15 1 calcined bone Ap (Plowzone) S1E9-NE 1 calcined bone B21 (Upper Subsoil) S1E9-SW 1 calcined bone Duff/Plowzone S20E15 1 calcined bone Ap (Plowzone) S25E50 1 calcined bone B21 (Upper Subsoil) S5E20 1 calcined bone B21 (Upper Subsoil) S5W25 1 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) Duff/Plowzone S5W25 5 non calcined bone Duff/Plowzone S5W25 1 unidentified gastropod shell Duff/Plowzone S5W30 11 soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) Disturbed/Fill 1
The only location where faunal material and fire-cracked rock appears to overlap with lithic finds is in the excavation unit S1E9. Elsewhere, there is little evidence of spatial correlation. This may mean that cooking and processing tasks were spatially separated from lithic reduction areas, or that such tasks occurred during separate site visits and represent different aspects of site use. The Phase 1 and 2 sample is not large enough to discern these two possibilities from one another.
B2. 18th-Century Component, Mars2 The historic component referred to as Mars2 is located in the northern portion of Locus 9 (Figure 46). It is bounded by STPs N15E15, N20E35, N5E35 and N10E15 (Figure 48). Forty- five historic-period artifacts were found within this roughly 20x20m area (Table 33). Almost all were recovered from the plowzone. The artifact assemblage includes household ceramics such as earthenware, delftware, and creamware, kaolin, a button and liquor-bottle glass that date this component to between 1750 and 1775. Two artifacts interpreted as field scatter in the Phase 1 survey – a sherd of Staffordshire and one of red earthenware – were recognized as part of this historic component and thus reassigned. From STP T16-8, the artifacts were numbered #17 and #18 in the Phase 1, but were renumbered as #1 and #2 of Mars2 (see artifact inventory catalogue in Appendix V). To better interpret the finds at Mars2, we compared it to a number of 18th-century domestic sites excavated in New England, including the ca 1705-ca. 1750s Sprague house site in Andover, Connecticut (Harper and Harper 2007; Harper and Clouette 2010b), the 1712- ca. 1770s Daniels Site in Waterford, Connecticut (Harper and Clouette 2007; 2010c), the ca. 1750- ca. 1797 Goodsell house site in North Branford, Connecticut (Harper, Clouette and Harper 67
2007), the ca. 1713-ca. 1806 in Wilton, Connecticut (Harper, Clouette and Jones 2007), the Dr. Reuben Mason house in Glocester, Rhode Island, built ca. 1750 (Harper 2012), and a number of other house excavations (e.g., Jones and McBride 2001; Jones et al. 2002). Historic ceramics, which make up the most common class of artifacts (64.4%) at Mars2, are concentrated between N20E35 (12 sherds) and N15E30 (6 sherds), in the northeastern portion of the component (Table 33; Figure 66). Although statistically small, the ceramic sample does suggest a firmly 18th-century occupation with a tentative mean ceramic date of 1753. The earliest ceramic is delftware (1600-1800) and the latest is creamware (1762-1820), although creamware was not widely available in the colonies until the 1770s (Martin 1994). The delftware (glaze missing) is a robust sherd indicative of a jar. The ceramic types are dominated by red earthenwares (74%), a pattern typical of 18th-century domestic (house) sites. One of the red earthenware sherds also has a green glaze, which is especially typical of the 18th century, after which glazes tend to be a solid color (brown, black, clear) or yellow-slip-decorated. Red earthenwares steadily fell out of use in the 19th century as people became aware of the adverse health effects from ingesting the lead glaze that flaked off into food. Other ceramics from Mars2 include a mottled decorated Staffordshire (1680-1780) creamware sherd and a poorly documented gray-bodied and green-glazed red earthenware sherd; this ceramic has been found at 18th-century sites in Connecticut, but not 19th-century sites. The rim sherd suggests a bowl or chamber pot (Figure 66). The assemblage also includes a number of artifacts typically found on 18th-century house sites. Two green liquor-bottle glass fragments were recovered, one of which has the curvature more indicative of case bottle than a globe and shaft type (Figure 66). One unidentified thin green glass container fragment may be from a pharmaceutical bottle but the piece is too small to be certain. Other artifacts include four iron nails (too corroded to ascertain manufacturing), a kaolin pipe stem in seven fragments (too fractured to date). There is also a whole cuprous button that corresponds to South Type #8 (cast with eye in place, mold seam), which are commonly found on 18th-century house sites. A scrap of molten lead (waster) was also found, and although not diagnostic alone, the making of lead objects through casting and hammering were common activities on period house sites. Cast lead objects include shot and ball, tumbled shot, lead pencils and gunflint caps, as well as fishing weights and sinkers (Harper and Clouette 2010b). The absence of whiteware, machine-cut nails, clear window glass and other 19th-century artifacts is noteworthy in the assemblage from Mars2 in Locus 9. Test pit N20E35 had complex soils and contained a total of 16 historic artifacts, the highest of all the test pits in Mars2. All of the STPs in Mars2 except for N20E35 contained a plowzone followed by an intact B2/1 subsoil layer at around 40 centimeters deep, followed by a C Horizon at around 70 centimeters deep (see Figure 67 for sample profiles). The soils in N20E35, however, were identified in the field as plowzone or potential fill soils to 41 centimeters deep, where C Horizon was encountered; a B Horizon appears to be absent. The color and texture of the upper soil, however, was similar to or the same as the plowzone in the nearby STPs, a dark brown very fine sandy loam with coarse sand. Test pit N20E35 also terminated deeper than the other test pits, at 90 cm below surface. Furthermore, at the interface of the upper soil horizon and the C Horizon, at 41 cm below surface, charcoal flecking was observed in the soil profile. This test pit may have intercepted a feature of unknown function. Approximately one meter south of this test pit, several pieces of dressed granite stone (shaped
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with hammer and chisel) were noted on the ground surface, although they appeared to be modern. Whether they are remnants of a historic structure or were stockpiled there is unknown.
Table 33: 18th-Century Artifacts From Historic Component Mars2 Count Description 2 gray earthenware green lead glaze 19 red earthenware (no glaze) 2 red earthenware clear lead glaze 1 red earthenware green lead glaze 2 untyped creamware 1 South Type #8 cuprous button 2 green glass liquor bottle 1 green glass unidentified container 4 iron nail kaolin pipe stem fragments (mend to 1 7 piece) 1 molten lead fragment 1 refined earthenware (no glaze) 1 possible Staffordshire mottled earthenware 1 delftware body (no glaze) 45 Total
Mars2 is interpreted as associated with a dwelling house, and is tentatively dated to the third quarter of the 18th century (ca. 1750-1775). Although there was no surface evidence of intact above-ground structural remains, nor any diagnostic subsurface features found such as a filled-in cellar hole, it is likely that a house once stood nearby. It is possible that the associated house itself was north of the airport property boundary on what are now modern house lots. It is also possible that the testing missed structural remains, as period structures were often very small. Despite the number of test pits, and testing along a five-meter interval grid, it is not unusual that no clear features were found in Phase 1 or Phase 2 survey. For example, Phase 2 testing at the 1712-ca. 1770s Daniels Site in Waterford, Connecticut, along a five-meter-interval grid, found no features at all in an open field, but there were concentrations of 18th-century domestic and architectural artifacts. A subsequent Phase 3 Data Recovery at the site discovered an entire buried house with a filled-in cellar, a sub-floor storage pit, several root vegetable storage pits, and a series of post holes from an earthfast addition and an earthfast blacksmith shop lean-to off the back of the house (Harper and Clouette 2010c). Although the artifact counts at Mars2 are not high, it is significant that the assemblage reflects a diversity of domestic and architectural artifact types that are concentrated in a relatively small area. The location of Locus 9/Mars2 appears to be west and adjacent to a dirt road that may have once been a colonial road that led to the “dock” as appears on the nearby Harbor River on an 1838 map (Figure 68). While no historic structures are visible in the immediate vicinity of Mars2 on the map, it is quite possible that a small undocumented house
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existed here prior to that time. The Mars2 house may have been a small and modest affair, sometimes called “mean” houses in the 18th century. Such houses in Eastern Massachusetts could be a small one-room end chimney type or the two-room hall and parlor with a central fireplace (Cummings 1979), perhaps built on a simple stone sill. Numerous archaeological excavations have found that 18th-century houses were often built with the stone foundations laid directly on the ground surface (e.g., Harper and Clouette 2010a; Jones 2005). When such houses were abandoned the house lots were cleared of stone and then plowed, leaving no in situ remains of the foundation walls. Small homes from this period sometimes had rudimentary subsurface storage areas consisting of a simple large, often unwalled, pit beneath the house floor. If that is the case, the five-meter grid testing at Mars2 may have easily missed such a feature, and possibly even a small, walled half-cellar. Subsequent 19th-century and later plowing would have removed any traces of the original sills and storage feature, and chimney remains would likely have been cleared away and incorporated into nearby stone walls or re-used elsewhere.
B3. Possible Settlement/Colonial-period component, Mars3 A small number of potentially 17th-century/early 18th-century artifacts were found in the southwestern portion of Locus 9 between S15W10 (T19-9), S10W15 and S20W10 (T20-7) (Figure 48). The component is assumed to extend at least five meters around this core zone, estimated at 15 by 5 meters in plan. The assemblage is small and apparently unremarkable in itself, but it is not atypical of materials evidencing small Native American sites of the 17th or early 18th centuries. Two artifacts stand out in particular. The first is an incised and cut cuprous button fragment (Figure 69). Manipulation of small pieces of cuprous scrap metal is a potential indicator of Native American workmanship. Native American-modified metal items have been found at larger, longer-term sites such as the King Philip’s War-era fort at Mashantucket in Connecticut and the probable Pocumtuck fort at Deerfield, Massachusetts and other locations across the Northeast based on AHS’s familiarity with these largely unpublished assemblages. Brass fragments were reworked by Native Americans into beads, rivets and projectile points, both triangular and conical types. That said, reworking of scrap brass occurred on colonial Euro- American sites, too; at the ca. 1705 Ephraim Sprague site, for example, a small crude hasp and a saw were made from sheet brass (Harper and Clouette 2010b).
Table 34: Materials From Locus 9/Mars3 Material Unit Soil Context 1 gray-black European flint S15W10 Ap (Plowzone) 1 red earthenware (no glaze) S10W15-SW Ap (Plowzone) 1 red earthenware brown lead glaze S10W15-SW Ap (Plowzone) 1 cuprous button (no eye) with cut S15W10 marks Duff/Plowzone 1 iron nail S16W10-NE Duff/Plowzone 1 iron nail T20-7 Fill 1
Another artifact that hints at an early date is the small flake of European flint (Figure 69). This semi-translucent gray-black 1-cm-long flake has proximal step-fracture damage consistent 70
with use as a strike-a-light. The color and translucency of the lithic are consistent with English gray and black ballast-cobbles (White 1975), which were available at ports across southern New England from the early 17th century on (Luedtke 1998). The reduction of English ballast cobbles into workable bifacial gunflints and strike-a-lights was likely common among coastal Native American communities during the late 17th century (Luedkte 1998; Williams 2010). The remaining historic materials from Mars3 are more generic. The two nails are heavily corroded and can say little about their nature of manufacture, while red earthenware (two sherds) was a common utilitarian ceramic type throughout the 17th through 19th centuries. One of the nails from Pit T20-7 was originally classified as field scatter in the Phase 1, but was reclassified as part of Mars3; the original Phase 1 inventory number was 219, but nail was reinventoried as Artifact #1 in the Phase 2 (see artifact inventory catalogue in Appendix II). The final clue that something important may have occurred at Mars3 is the presence of a possible remnant living surface. This feature was identified in the Phase 2 STP S15W10 and was more closely examined in a 1-by-1-meter excavation unit at S16W10 (Figure 70). While this sediment horizon may have developed naturally during a period of soil inundation, the feature could reflect the remnant lens of a living surface, the upper portions of which have likely been obscured by plowing. The remnant 2-4cm-thick lens consists of very dark grayish-brown (10YR3/2) oxidized loamy sand. Beneath this were two possibly related undulating horizons extending up to 10cm deeper into the subsoil. These consist of a heavily oxidized very dark brown (7.5YR2.5/3) loamy sand with possible ashy residues, and an adjacent dark brown (7.5YR3/4) loamy sand (see Figure 70). The thin dark gray horizon underlain by oxidized and potentially ashy sediments may be all that remains of a once-deeper cultural layer truncated by the plow. The feature was not exposed in its entirety, so it is too early to determine its origin, but it is consistent with the remnants of wigwam/wetu house floors documented elsewhere (e.g., Rainey 2004). Mars3 may represent the location of a short-term camp shelter structure such as a wigwam/wetu or leanto, used while exploiting the rich marsh resources nearby. It may be Native American, Euro- American or even African-American. Because they are very small in size and low in artifact numbers, short-term historic camp sites at which people carried out sporadic activities such as hunting or plant-gathering, are rare and very difficult to locate archaeologically. The artifact assemblage is too small to make an absolute determination of the period of this component of Locus 9, but because Settlement/Colonial sites are so poorly documented in southern New England, the potential significance of Mars3 warrants more attention. European flint is found on historic Native American and colonial European short- and long–term occupation sites. The flint typically takes the form of ship ballast cobble-derived strike-a-lights, debitage flakes and shatter from strike-a-lights, and as gunflints. The recovery of European flint has been demonstrated to provide an especially important clue that a small camp site is present. Site 59-84 in Groton, Connecticut, in Pequot territory, is a campsite associated with a large free-standing glacial erratic boulder measuring approximately 4 x 4 meters, which rests on the edge of a small bluff overlooking a wetland. The area was an excellent hunting location, as is the Marshfield project area. A narrow overhang allowed room for a fire and for several individuals to get overhead protection from the elements. A Phase I survey, consisting of five 50 x 50 cm shovel test pits around the boulder, recovered five European flint flakes (from strike-a-lights) on two sides of the boulder. Intensified testing at Site 59-84 consisted of the
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excavation of five 1-x-1-meter units and seven additional STPs. The additional historic artifacts discovered included an 18th-century tin-washed brass button, five more European flint flakes (two with cortex), and four sheet-iron fragments. Charred botanicals and 12 fire-cracked rocks were also found. Pre-Colonial artifacts were found in the Phase 2, including 44 Native American pottery sherds (probably from a single pot), in association with a quartzite Late Woodland Madison projectile point. Although the artifact counts from this site are relatively low, they indicate that the boulder area was used as a temporary camp and possible cache in the Late Woodland period and 18th century and possibly the 17th century (Jones et al. 2004). The material culture recovered in the intensified testing of Site 59-84 could not have been predicted by the Phase 1 results. In a similar case, at the nearby Mashantucket Pequot Reservation, it was the presence of a single European flint flake in a Phase 1 survey that led to the discovery of the small late 17th- century Site 72-164a. After intensified excavation of nearly 100 square-meters, its assemblage expanded to just three European flint flakes, one glass fragment, four kaolin pipestem fragments, a single red earthenware sherd, and also included 21 metal fragments, including those of an iron knife blade and a latten spoon. The site was associated with a very small shell dump and a small amount of calcined bone (Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center, unpublished data). Site 72-164a is small, but important to understanding period camp sites. Although it is difficult to attribute the 18th-century occupation of the small rockshelter camp at Site 59-84 to any cultural group, this site area was clearly a Native American place before or at Contact, and its use could well have continued into the historic period on the basis of memory patterning of seasonal resource procurement. Sites 54-84 and 72-164a provide an important lesson that European flint tools and flakes can be primary indicators of small early historic-period Native American occupations. This has also been noted in Massachusetts. In his study of the archaeology and Native histories of the Den Rock Area in Lawrence and Andover, Massachusetts, Bell noted that:
Interestingly, Native tool-makers used English flint to fashion traditional Native stone tools such as a drill, an engraving tool, scrapers for working leather, bone, wood, bark or reedy plants, and an arrowhead. The gunflints and strike-a-lights were made in Native ways (Bell 2012:46-7).
C. Summary – Locus 9 Three discrete components were defined within the bounds of Locus 9: an Archaic and Woodland period Native American component (Mars1), an 18th-century component (Mars2), and a possible Settlement/Colonial-period component (Mars3). The two historic components are within the bounds of the larger Native American component, but are considered separate sites. The Phase 2/Site Examination of the Native American component (Mars1) produced 3,347 additional lithic artifacts. Diagnostic materials from the Phase 1 and 2 surveys include possible Neville and Merrimac projectile points (Middle Archaic), a Squibnocket triangle (Late Archaic), Rossville and Rossville-like points (Early Woodland) and a possible Madison point (Late Woodland). Quartz and rhyolite were the most common lithic materials used. Twenty-one additional bifaces/preforms were found during the Phase 2 as well as 17 additional flake tools
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and possible small tool fragments. The distribution of lithic materials indicates that the site likely represents a palimpsest of multiple, relatively short-term episodes of occupation. Results of Phase 1 and 2 testing indicate that a variety of other lithic materials were used and discarded at the pre-Contact component of Locus 9/Mars1, though in very low numbers. The closer identification of a variety of “hornfels-like” materials was considered, but very little additional material was recovered in the Phase 2 excavations. These uncommon lithics likely have a regional source along known volcanic dikes in eastern Massachusetts, or the Braintree slate quarry in Milton. Of continuing potential research interest at Site 19-PL-426, of which Mars1 is a part, is the relationship of site use to the changing environmental context surrounding the site area. As noted at Locus 8, the probability of both Archaic and Woodland-period site use suggest that these loci may have the potential to answer specific questions regarding Native American subsistence strategy transitions during the period in which sea-level rise resulted in the formation of the extensive marsh system adjacent to the site, significantly altering the nature of the local resource base. Published sea-level curves and environmental data were explored in the discussion of Locus 8 to better assess this possible research direction, and the results apply to Locus 9 as well. An additional significant change to the landscape and water-table occurred with construction of the tidal gate in 1872. This resulted in the lowering of water tables in the Green River Marsh by roughly two feet. This difference is enough that portions of Locus 9 were likely marshy or seasonally wet during most of the past millennium. Use of the area would therefore have been more likely prior to increased sea levels that drove marsh development during the past 2000 or so years. The materials from Locus 9 recovered from the Phase 1 and 2 surveys indicate that the effects of marsh development on changing patterns of land use could be addressed here as well. The 18th-century component (Mars2) produced earthenware sherds (including green lead-glazed varieties), as well as a small quantity of other ceramics such as brown Staffordshire, delftware, and creamware. Three green bottle glass fragments, four nails, a cuprous button, a lead fragment and a kaolin pipestem were also associated with this component. This component is considered an independent archaeological site (see MHC Form D in Appendix III), representative of a c. 1750-1775 house site. No physical remains of the house were identified, but one was likely in the immediate vicinity. The concentrated, localized nature of the finds is more representative of sheet refuse or house-yard debris than generalized field scatter. The possible Settlement/Colonial component (Mars3) is associated with two red earthenware sherds, a European flint flake, a worked cuprous button fragment and two nails; a possible living floor feature was also identified. Mars3 is also considered a separate site (see MHC Form D in Appendix III). This site may be a Native American leanto or wigwam/wetu site, stationed near the marsh for plant and animal exploitation. It is also possible that it is a Euro- or African-American camp site. Such early historic-period sites are uncommon and rarely found, thus are considered significant resources.
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D. Recommendations – Locus 9
D1. Mars1 - Pre-Contact Native American Component of Locus 9 Based on the Phase 1 and 2 archaeological surveys, the Native American component of Locus 9 contains thousands of artifacts. While no features could be associated with pre-Contact Native American use of the locus, the presence of small concentrations of fire-cracked rock, and calcined bone indicate that these likely exist, but were not intercepted by the roughly 1% sample of the area of investigation. The current sample does, however, suggest that large food- processing features were not a typical aspect of site use at Locus 9. While a large number of artifacts were recovered, including diagnostic projectile points and non-diagnostic tools, the observed patterns of distribution do not indicate the presence of any long-term or intensive site- use that brought large numbers of people to this location for an extended period of time. Rather, the data currently suggest that the site was reoccupied as infrequently as once per generation over a period of several thousand years by small numbers of people who performed a limited number of small-scale tasks, such as tool repair and some food processing. It is important to remember that this interpretation is based on a ca. 1% sample of the site and people probably used this location in other, more complex ways as well. Gale Associates, project planners, has indicated that site avoidance is neither prudent nor feasible due to the nature of the project (the runway extension) and difficulty of moving the drainage pond/infiltration basin elsewhere, as there are habitat and other environmental constraints. Additional excavation is therefore recommended at Locus 9, Component Mars1, as it is likely to provide a clearer picture of the nature of those activities and could indicate more complex forms of behavior as well. An additional direction of potential research provided by Locus 9/Mars1 regards the long-term effects of artifact drift in the soil column as an aspect of the natural process of soil formation (pedogenesis). Small, light concentrations of subsurface artifacts exist within Locus 9, and it would be interesting to explore how these artifacts differ from those recovered in the overlying, homogenized plowzone horizon. The assumption is that artifacts that have formed part of the sediment matrix for a longer period have had a greater opportunity to enter, and become trapped in, the lower-energy environment of the subsoil horizon. Locus 9 provides a chance to examine these assumptions through the excavation of specific locations that target subsurface vs. plowzone artifact concentrations. Carefully selected excavation blocks could be used in this manner to assess the effects of plowing on the distribution of artifacts, and approximate the rate at which artifacts are incorporated into subsoil contexts in similar environments. For these reasons, AHS believes that the pre-Contact Native American component of Locus 9 (Mars1) has the potential to provide important new information about Native American land use in the area, including a better understanding of seasonal resource procurement practices in the near-coastal zone and the effects of changes in water table on the local resource base and on the changes in harvesting strategies that might have occurred as a result. The component also provides an opportunity to examine the effects of soil formation on artifact distribution in the sediment column over time, and on the subsequent effects of plowing on that distribution. Additional targeted excavation is therefore recommended.
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D2. Mars2 - 18th-Century Component of Locus 9 The 18th-century component identified within Locus 9 includes a varied and diagnostic sample of domestic and architectural cultural material, suggesting the presence of a nearby house site dating to the period ca. 1750-1775. No 18th-century homes are recorded in the immediate vicinity; however, such documentation is rare, especially in rural areas. Buried and isolated house sites provide important and uncommon opportunities to better understand rural domestic household organization in Marshfield and greater New England during this period. Portions of the site may lie beyond the bounds of the APE to the north, however, Mars2, as identified in the Phase 1/2 survey, cannot be avoided by project impacts. It is therefore recommended that focused excavation of a larger sample of 1x1-meter excavation units near the core concentration of artifacts be carried out as part of expanded Phase 2/Phase 3 Data Recovery investigations. Examples of house features that may be located buried beneath the ground surface include cellar holes, chimney footings, root vegetable storage pits, privies, and middens. The house may also have been constructed of post-in-ground or earthfast construction, which has been documented for the 17th century in Massachusetts but not the 18th, although it has been recorded at 18th- century Connecticut sites. Mars2 has the potential to provide important new information about colonial domestic life in rural eastern Massachusetts, including information about foodways, crafts, clothing, personal items, and architecture. A particularly important aspect of household archaeology at this site includes maritime adaptation and how families may have combined farming with trade, fishing, shellfishing, fowling and other activities.
D3. Mars3 - Possible Settlement/Colonial-Period Component of Locus 9 A small number of potentially 17th-century/early 18th-century artifacts were identified within a small area in the southern portion of Locus 9. This component, Mars3, may represent a short-term hunting camp possibly associated with a leanto or wigwam/wetu. The artifacts appear to be associated with a possible remnant house-floor feature. The presence of a worked/cut copper button fragment and European flint hint that that the location may represent a very rare early historic Native American or Euro-American site. The rarity of such sites in New England makes them extremely important to understanding this poorly documented aspect of early Massachusetts history. Any new information from this period, on this type of site, would represent a very significant contribution to our understanding of historic lifeways. Further work in the vicinity of these finds in the form of expanded Phase 2/Phase 3 Data Recovery excavation is recommended to clearly establish the nature of this component, as impact by the planned airport improvements cannot be reasonably avoided.
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X. RESULTS OF THE PHASE 2/SITE EXAMINATION SURVEY AT LOCUS 10
A. Introduction Locus 10 is a ca. 20 by 70-meter area of Native American cultural material also located in the southwestern portion of the airport within APE 1 (Figures 3, 21 and 46). The area will be impacted by proposed extension of Runway 6-24. Phase 1 testing documented 46 lithic artifacts in this area from STPs T26-1 through T26-6 (Figure 7). Artifacts were found to be concentrated in two of these: T26-2 (23 lithics, including an untyped hornfels-like stemmed point) and T23-4 (11 lithics). The Phase 2 Site Examination consisted of 29 shovel test pits spaced at 5-meter intervals across a 60 x 10-meter area (Figure 71). Twenty-seven STPs produced 288 lithic artifacts. A 1x1-meter excavation unit was placed at N5E9 adjacent to the STP with the greatest concentration of Native American artifacts (N5E10) and produced an additional 375 lithics. A small number of historic materials were also recovered, including whiteware and creamware (10 sherds), glass (4), nails/staples (3), and 5 cuprous sheet fragments and a cuprous possible buckle fragment. The historic-period finds were found in low numbers across the broad area of testing, with a light concentration at STP N5E20. This STP included an iron staple and a nail, one creamware, one whiteware and the cuprous finds. The whiteware, a nail, and the cuprous finds were in a buried silty wetland sediment 20-60cm below the modern ground surface. The total artifact counts from Phase 1 and Phase 2 survey are presented in Table 35. While cuprous metal fragments can signal the presence of 17th-century or early 18th-century activity, these finds were associated with 19th-century materials and are believed to date to that period.
Table 35: Summary of Artifacts Recovered During the Phase 2 Survey of Locus 10 Faunal calcined bone 1 Glass flat glass 1 Glass unidentified glass 3 Historic Ceramic green transfer printed whiteware 7 Historic Ceramic untyped creamware 1 Historic Ceramic untyped whiteware 2 Lithic cobble tool 8 Lithic Debitage 629 Lithic flaked tool 24 Lithic fire-cracked rock 2 Metal nails/staples 4 Metal cuprous sheet 5 Metal possible cuprous buckle fragment 1 Other Historic Brick 2 TOTAL 690
The context of the historic-period materials at N5E20 provides an example of the complex stratigraphy associated with Locus 10. The area tested lies on a low rise surrounded by wetlands to the north, south and west. All of the STPs excavated here indicated buried wetland 76 sediments lying above saturated coarser-grained sediments that included sand and cobbles. These sediments are capped by a plowzone consisting of mottled loamy sand with occasional inclusions of peaty and silty lenses that are clearly reworked portions of the underlying wetland sediments (see sample profiles in Figure 72). This topsoil horizon is described as a “reworked plowzone” because it consists of an admixture of the original overlying drained sandy inundated marsh sediments with the more deeply buried, compressed silty wetland horizons. The depth of the onset of wetland sediments varied across the locus, between 20cm below ground surface in the east and 67cm in the west (Figure 72). The location of Locus 10 appears to correlate with that of the dock on the Ford map of 1838 (Figure 68). This dock was noted first by UMAS in possible relationship to Locus 1 (Binzen and Medina 2009), but AHS’s geo-referencing appears to place it closer to Locus 10. If Locus 10 lies near the location of the dock, it is possible that some portions of the tested area were landscaped or otherwise altered during its construction, with 19th-century materials working their way into otherwise deeply buried sediments. In general, wetland sediments lie closest to the surface in the eastern portion of Locus 10, and are more deeply buried in the west, toward the marsh. It is possible that overlying sediments were scraped and shifted east across the site in the early 19th century. The redeposited sediments noted in the westernmost STP at N5W14 suggest this may have been the case. This indicates that a careful evaluation of artifact context is critical at Locus 10. Another important factor is the change in water table associated with the construction of the Green River Marsh tidal gate in 1872 (Louis Berger Group 2007; Osler et al 2007). Sediments in most STPs became too wet to effectively excavate at a depth between 70 and 75cm (2.3 feet). If water tables have dropped by roughly two feet since the construction of the tidal gate as indicated by a recent engineering study (Osler et al 2007), much of Locus 10 was probably very close to the water table in the 19th century. The main reason for the construction of the gates was to increase arable land. The area of Locus 10 is unquestionably one of those peripheral marshy zones that was converted to tillable ground after the construction of the gates. Further complicating the 19th-century water-table changes is the fact that the water table in the Green Harbor Marsh has been controlled by sea level since it formed, probably during the past two millennia. Prior to the Woodland period (ca. 3000 years ago), the area would have been much drier than it is today. Table 36 provides a summary of the generalized sediment context of lithic artifacts from Locus 10. Artifacts from the upper topsoil horizon include those from potentially redeposited or reworked contexts. Artifacts from the wetland sediments are believed to be largely in their primary context. Two-thirds of the lithic artifacts were found in topsoil contexts, while a third came from the underlying wetland sediments. If artifacts from both horizons represent a single episode of occupation altered by plowing and some earth movement, the proportions of different material types should be similar from both contexts, with about 66.7% in the topsoil and 33.3% in the subsoil. The proportions of each material in the topsoil and wetland contexts are noted on Table 36 in the third and fifth columns. Materials with small sample sizes, such as argillite, chert and shale/siltstone, and unidentified lithics, do not provide statistically meaningful values, though all are more strongly associated with plowed topsoil sediments. Quartz is much better represented than expected in the topsoil (observed 84% vs. expected 67%), while rhyolite is somewhat more strongly associated with wetland sediments (observed 41% vs. expected 33%). The sample of quartzite is smaller, but it is also more strongly represented than expected in the
77 wetland sediments, while the distribution of possible hornfels is very close to the distribution expected if the two horizons simply represented a single event.
Table 36: Soil Context of Lithic Materials from Locus 10 (Phase 1 and 2 combined) L10 Topsoil Wet Lithic Material % topsoil sediments % wet argillite 2 100.0% 0 0.0% chert 8 80.0% 2 20.0% jasper 1 100.0% 0 0.0% possible hornfels 17 65.4% 9 34.6% possible shale/siltstone 6 85.7% 1 14.3% quartz 152 84.4% 28 15.6% quartzite 11 55.0% 9 45.0% rhyolite/felsite 273 59.3% 187 40.7% unidentified lithic 3 100.0% 0 0.0% Sum and expected proportion based on sample 473 66.7% 236 33.3%
Overall, Table 36 suggests that the differences in the observed vs. expected proportions of raw material by context are best explained as the product of multiple occupation episodes. Quartz was likely used primarily during a later occupation of the area, while quartzite and rhyolite were more commonly used at an earlier period of time and are generally more deeply buried. The possible hornfels appears to have been used in a similar manner during both earlier and later periods of occupation at Locus 10.
B. Locus 10 Lithic Artifact Distribution The distribution of lithic materials from Locus 10 was largely restricted to a 20x5-meter area, with the greatest concentration in the excavation unit N5E9-SW (126 artifacts) and N5E9- NE (105 artifacts) (Figure 71). Subtle peaks, or extensions of this core high-density zone occur at the Phase 1 STP T26-2 (N0E0), N5E15 and N0E15. The observed distribution could be explained as the remnants of a single occupation episode. But, based on the unequal lithic distributions by sediment horizon discussed above, the observed higher-density nodes likely reflect chronologically distinct events. In general, the artifact distribution is more simple and better constrained than that observed at either Locus 8 or 9 of Site 19-PL-426. The vertical distribution of artifacts was best explained as the result of deposition during multiple occupation episodes. The horizontal distribution of lithic artifacts from wetland sediments alone was therefore also examined to further assess this hypothesis. Figure 73 shows the distribution of lithic materials from this buried wetland context across Locus 10. These artifacts (79% rhyolite, 12% quartz, 9% other lithics) are more tightly constrained than the composite of all lithics from the site (compare to Figure 71). They occur primarily between N5E9 and N5E15, with a lower-density eastern extension toward N5E25. Very few artifacts from buried wetland sediments were identified along the N0 or S5 lines. Nonetheless, the topsoil and wet-sediment distributions are remarkably similar, suggesting a likely relationship. One
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explanation is that many of the artifacts found in the upper plowed context of the site were inadvertently plucked from their original, deeper setting during preparation of the soils for agriculture by deep tilling after construction of the tidal gate, and possibly during earlier landscaping associated with the construction of the dock. The topsoil artifacts have a more diffuse distribution than those in the lower sediments, which are believed to better reflect their originally deposited context. The individual horizontal distributions of rhyolite and quartz were also examined to establish differences or similarities across the locus. Rhyolite was the most common lithic material recovered (460 total artifacts, or 65% of all lithics). Its distribution is largely a reflection of the overall pattern of lithics from the site, as might be expected (Figure 74). The greatest density of rhyolite occurs within the excavation unit N5E9, and in STPs N5E5 and N5E15, with additional concentrations (>10 rhyolite per 50x50cm quad) at N0E0 (T26-2) and N0E15 (Figure 74). The concentrations at N5E5, N0E0 and N0E15 do not appear in the subsoil distribution of artifacts, and may reflect later episodes of site use. The distribution of quartz is similar to that of rhyolite, with peak concentrations again in the excavation unit N5E9 and STP N5E15 (>18 quartz per 50x50cm quad). Quartz also occurs in relatively high numbers at N0E0 and N0E15 (Figure 75). These are also topsoil concentrations and correspond to those just noted for rhyolite. In general, a single primary buried concentration of lithic artifacts was located in the excavation unit N5E9, while other STPs indicate some additional lower-density concentrations in the vicinity. Where artifact counts are highest, both rhyolite and quartz tend to co-occur, though rhyolite is always the better- represented raw material. The pattern supports the hypothesis that the identified distribution pattern is best explained by a small number of separate occupation events. The most intensive activity at N5E9 corresponds well with the central distribution of deeply-buried finds from a wetland sediment context, while the lower-density nodes likely represent later occupation episodes and their artifacts are largely confined to the overlying plowed horizon.
C. Locus 10 Chronology Diagnostic artifacts from Locus 10 indicate occupation events during the Middle Archaic, Late Archaic and Early Woodland periods (Table 37; Figures 76-79). The Phase 1 survey recovered an untyped stemmed point (Inv# 240) from the plowzone at T26-2, which became the grid datum N0E0. Two Middle Archaic points were also found during the Phase 2 survey. A rhyolite Stark point (Inv# 679) was found southwest of the core debitage concentration at STP S5W5 in a disturbed context, and a rhyolite Neville base fragment (Inv# 865) was identified from a deeply-buried (60-70cm below surface) wetland horizon in the excavation unit N5E9 (Figure 76, center and right). A third possible Middle Archaic artifact was a Merrimack-like argillite point (Inv# 646) with an oblique base found in STP S5E15 in the plowzone (Figure 77, right). The argillite point is very similar to an oblique-based Merrimack-like type dated to 5510+/-40 rcBP in North Stonington, Connecticut (Jones 2007). A number of additional stemmed points were identified during the Phase 2/Site Examination at Locus 10, including a Late Archaic quartz Wading River point (Inv# 624) and probable Late Archaic Burwell-like point (Inv# 733; Figure 78), a probable Early Woodland quartz Rossville-like point (Inv# 640; Figure 77, left), an additional untyped stemmed point, as well as a small quartz untyped pentagonal point (Inv# 699; Figure 78, third from left). These
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projectile points were all recovered from the reworked plowzone horizon. It is worth emphasizing that five projectile points were recovered from the single 1x1-meter excavation unit at N5E9 (see profile, Figure 80), and it appears that the deeply-buried wetland sediments include Middle Archaic artifacts in a very intact setting. During the Middle Archaic period, the landform of Locus 9 would have been a dry, sandy outwash plain beside a small stream. It was only during the Woodland period that sea levels rose enough to form the adjacent marsh and alter the terrestrial sediments that had developed here. It is likely that peaty sediments developed above the ancient soils of the outwash plain as the water table increased, resulting in the gradual burial of these artifacts. After construction of the tidal gate in the late 19th century, plowing was possible and reworked the overlying marsh sediments with some of the compressed and buried middle Holocene soils. This caused some of the artifacts to be worked into the plowzone, while others remained in situ.
Table 37: Projectile Points and Fragments From Locus 10, Phase 1 and 2 Inv# STP Depth Type Material Soil Context untyped Small Stemmed, tip 240 T26-2 (Ph 1) 4-34 snapped Hornfels Reworked Ap 624 N5W10 0-22 Wading River Quartz Duff/Fill 1 640 S5E15 0-32 Rossville-like base fragment Quartz Reworked Ap 646 S5E15 0-32 Merrimack-like Argillite Reworked Ap 679 S5W5 20-55 Stark, tip snapped Rhyolite Fill 2 699 N5E9- NE 0-28 untyped pentagonal Quartz Reworked Ap untyped pentagonal or 733 N5E9-SE 0-25 “Burwell” Quartz Reworked Ap 781 N5E9-NW 30-40 untyped point tip fragment Quartz Reworked Ap 805 N5E9-NE 40-43 untyped Small Stemmed Quartz Reworked Ap 865 N5E9-NW 60-70 Neville base fragment Rhyolite Wetland 3
Fifteen other flaked tools and eight cobble tools were identified during the Phase 2 survey. Two of these are very good candidates for Middle Archaic tool forms. The first is a robust, backed heavily-patinated rhyolite flake-knife (Inv# 836) (Figure 79, left) similar to those described by Dincauze from the Neville Site (Dincauze 1976). The tool has a bifacially-backed edge and a unifacially prepared cutting edge. The platform remnant still bears cobble cortex. The second is a rhyolite bifacial preform (Inv# 621) (Figure 79, center). The form is typical of those from Middle Archaic sites elsewhere in New England (Dincauze 1976; Jones 1999, 2008; Doucette 2003) and is referred to colloquially as a “U-shaped biface.” Both artifacts were found in the deepest buried wetland horizon. The flake knife was in the excavation unit N5E9 in the same context as the Neville point base (Inv# 865) shown in Figure 76. The rhyolite preform was found 15 meters to the west in STP N5W5. This STP lies beyond the core distribution of deeply- buried debitage shown in Figure 73 and indicates that portions of the Middle Archaic component may cover a relatively broad area.
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Table 38: Additional Stone Tools From Locus 10 Inv# Unit Material Description Soil Context 446 N0E10 Quartz biface fragment Reworked Ap 458 N0E15 Quartz possible utilized primary reduction debris Reworked Ap 476 N0E40 Quartz side scraper fragment Reworked Ap 477 N0E40 Rhyolite utilized flake Reworked Ap 528 N5E10 rhyolite Preform Reworked Ap 556 N5E15 quartz modified pebble fragment Reworked Ap 590 N5E20 quartz biface fragment Wetland 1 597 N5E20 rhyolite utilized flake Wetland 1/2 603 N5E25 rhyolite biface fragment Reworked Ap 621 N5W5 rhyolite Preform Wetland 3 629 N5W14 quartz 2 modified pebbles Fill 1 652 S5E20 possible rhyolite modified cobble fragment Reworked Ap 654 S5E20 quartz utilized angular debris Reworked Ap 655 S5E25 quartz biface fragment Reworked Ap 714 N5E9 rhyolite utilized flake Reworked Ap 728 N5E9-SW chert biface tip fragment Reworked Ap 769 N5E9-SE quartz possible utilized angular debris Reworked Ap 836 N5E9-NE rhyolite flake knife Wetland 3 851 N5E9-NW quartzite 3 modified cobble fragments Wetland 3 852 N5E9-NW quartzite modified cobble fragment Wetland 3
The remaining tool forms consist primarily of utilized flakes and angular debris (6), biface and preform fragments (6), and a quartz side scraper fragment. The latter (Inv# 476) is shown in Figure 79 and was found in the eastern portion of the locus well away from the core distribution of other artifacts. Eight modified cobbles and pebbles were also identified during the survey. These consist of split stones with remnant cortex. Some may have been tested for use as a raw material. The three quartzite fragments in N5E9-NW associated with the Neville point base all refit and appear to represent a thermally-fractured small cobble, spalled into three pieces. Most of these smaller tool fragments and modified pebbles/cobbles were found in the upper mixed plowzone horizon.
D. Conclusion – Locus 10 The Site Examination at Locus 10 resulted in the recovery of 663 additional lithic artifacts from 29 STPs. The Phase 1 and 2 assemblage includes 62% rhyolite and 25% quartz, with small numbers of other lithic materials. While lithics were identified throughout Locus 9, the majority (> 20 artifacts per quarter-meter) are concentrated in a ca. 5 by 10 meter area between STPs N5E5 and N5E15. Sixty-seven percent of the lithics were found in a reworked
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plowed topsoil horizon, while 33% were found in underlying wetland sediments. The horizontal distribution of lithics from these two horizons is remarkably similar, indicating minimal horizontal movement despite plowing. Lower-density lithic concentrations outside of this core zone are largely limited to the plowzone horizon. Twenty-six historic-period artifacts were also found. Some may be associated with activity near a 19th-century dock once located in this area, but are not considered significant enough to justify additional investigations of the historic component.
E. Recommendations – Locus 10 The Phase 2/Site Examination survey of Locus 10 established the presence of a deeply- buried Middle Archaic component with excellent integrity. The core of the component appears to be very near the location of the 1x1-meter excavation unit N5E9. Artifacts from the same buried wetland context extend just over five meters further east, and do not likely extend more than five meters north and south of this location. The presence of a probable Middle Archaic preform in the same buried context in STP N5W5 indicates that some of the associated artifacts likely extend about 15 meters to the west, or that a second activity area exists in this area, but is not associated with intensive knapping. While light artifact concentrations and diagnostic materials occur elsewhere within the locus, this core area has the best integrity and is the most likely to provide additional significant archaeological information. While other similar sites have been found in the region, data recovery of small Middle Archaic lithic workshops like Locus 10 remain uncommon (Jones 2008). Locus 10 provides an extremely rare opportunity to examine artifacts deposited during the middle Holocene period while the area reflected a very different habitat than it does today. The inundated context of the site is expected to provide an excellent environment for the preservation of artifacts and features, potentially including organic materials that are not typically preserved in terrestrial sediments. AHS recommends that a portion of Locus 10 be carefully excavated with a Phase 3 Data Recovery program to better understand the role of this site in the broader settlement-subsistence organization of the Middle Archaic period in eastern Massachusetts and to better investigate the complex effects of water- table changes on soil development here.
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XI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PHASE 1 AND PHASE 2 SURVEYS
AHS conducted an Intensive (Locational) Survey of seven areas (APE 1 – APE 7) that are part of planned improvements at Marshfield Airport. A total of 454 STPs were excavated, 86 of which produced non-modern artifacts. Seventy-three of these included Native American lithic material (primarily stone tool-manufacturing debris), seven STPs produced faunal remains (three with calcined animal bone fragments, four with marine shell), and 19 contained historic materials (such as glass, historic ceramic sherds, and metal). The distribution of historic-period artifacts (primarily 19th and early 20th century) indicated that most (ca. 80%) were recovered from disturbed redeposited soil contexts and were considered insignificant field scatter associated with nearby former farms. Faunal remains recovered from the site expressed a more disturbed context. Of the 36 finds, 34 (94%) were recovered from redeposited sediments while just two finds were located within the plowzone. The latter represent small calcined bone fragments from APE 7 and APE 8, areas of proposed turtle habitat enhancement. The majority of Native American lithic finds (ca. 62%) were recovered from a plowed topsoil context. These artifacts expressed moderate horizontal displacement because of plowing activity, but evident non- random artifact concentrations likely reflect remnant site-organization patterns, such as the concentration of specific raw-material classes resulting from past tool-making episodes. About 9% of the lithic materials were recovered from a subsoil context, indicating that these finds are ancient enough to have worked their way into this low-energy sediment horizon. A small number of artifacts were also recovered from wetland sediments. The results of the Intensive (Locational) Archaeological Survey indicated that portions of the project area expressed good archaeological integrity for the Native American component of the site. Four Native American archaeological loci (Loci 7-10) were defined based on the distribution of materials recovered from relatively non-disturbed contexts. All four loci provide evidence of the remnants of ancient human activity at Site 19-PL-426 and appeared potentially eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Phase 2 Site Examinations were conducted at all four loci. Three of the four loci, Loci 8, 9 and 10, appear potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places; Locus 7 appears not to meet National Register criteria. Additionally, within Locus 9 two historic-period components were identified: a 1750- 1775 possible house-related area and a 17th/early 18th-century possible Native American or Euro- American camp site. Each identified site locus is discussed below.
A. Locus 7 Locus 7 covers a 10 x 20-meter area adjacent to wetlands south of the runway. A rhyolite Early Woodland Rossville point was recovered in the Phase 1 survey along with two quartz artifacts, but only a single ancient Native American artifact was recovered in the Site Examination: a quartz angular debris fragment. Historic-period finds include a single cuprous disc fragment and a very small amount of 19th-century field scatter likely associated with the adjacent Woodbine Farm. The very low density of cultural material at this locus, and the absence of features, despite intensive testing, suggests Locus 7 does not meet the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. No further archaeological testing is recommended here.
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B. Locus 8 At Locus 8, on the northern side of the runway, significant concentrations of ancient Native American cultural material were recovered, in good stratigraphic context, representing multiple periods: Early Archaic, Middle Archaic, Late Archaic, and Early Woodland. Although no features were identified, the concentration of diagnostic tools and over 1000 lithic artifacts from a 1500-square-meter area strongly suggests that Locus 8 qualifies for National Register listing under Criteria A and D. AHS recommends avoidance and protection of Locus 8. Gale Associates, project planners, has developed a plan to construct the turtle habitat planned in this area with no disturbance to even the topsoil of Locus 8. If this avoidance plan cannot be accomplished, AHS recommends mitigation of project-related impacts through a Phase 3/Data Recovery program. A very small component of scattered historic material culture, from the 18th to 20th centuries, was identified in Locus 8, ranging from a single fragment of case bottle glass to iron screws. It is AHS’s opinion that this material represents insignificant field scatter/refuse dispersal associated with former farms in the area.
C. Locus 9 Locus 9 includes the area into which the runway will be extended and a new drainage pond/infiltration basin will be built at the southwest end of the runway. Phase 2 testing at Locus 9 identified multiple areas of Native American activity dating to the Archaic and Woodland periods, as evidenced by diagnostic projectile points. This Native American site component (referred to as Mars1) is distributed across the entire one-acre locus. This component may be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. However, most of the Native American cultural material was found in topsoil/plowzone contexts, somewhat compromising the integrity of the component. Although plowing has been demonstrated to have only a modest horizontal displacement effect, the topsoil/plowzone stratigraphic context of the Native American component of Locus 9, compared to the subsoil context of the Native American component in Locus 8, may reduce its eligibility for listing in the National Register. However, because the Locus 9 Native American component is part of Site 19-PL-426, and it cannot be reasonably avoided by the proposed airport improvements, AHS recommends that project-related impacts be mitigated by Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations of selected portions of the Native American components of Locus 9 to address targeted research questions raised by the Phase 2 Site Examination. An 18th-century component was identified within Locus 9 in the Site Examination. Mars2 is on the northern edge of Locus 9, bordering residential lawns. It is relatively small, measuring approximately 20 x 20 meters. An assemblage of household-related artifacts dating approximately from 1750 to 1775 was found in this component, inclusive of a button, liquor- bottle glass, Staffordshire earthenware, creamware, delftware, lead waster, a kaolin pipe stem, and a poorly documented gray-bodied green-glazed ceramic that has been found at mid-18th- century sites elsewhere in southern New England. No structural remains such as stone foundation walls or cellar hole features were found. It is entirely possible, however, that the Phase 2 testing missed structural remains, as period houses can be very small; it is also possible that the recovered artifacts are associated with a dwelling that is outside of Locus 9. This component may also represent a dwelling place that had no foundation. AHS recommends that
84 this 18th-century component undergo expanded Phase 2/Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations in order to more fully elucidate the nature of the occupation and mitigate project-related impacts. A possible Settlement/Colonial period component (Mars3) was also identified, in the southwest portion of Locus 9, and measures approximately 15 by 5 meters in plan. This component is manifested by a small collection of early historic cultural material, including a flake of European flint, a cut brass button, red earthenware and a possible living floor feature. This assemblage matches artifact “signatures” of Settlement/Colonial-period and Contact-period sites found elsewhere in southern New England. Mars3 may represent a short-term hunting or resource-procurement camp dating from the 1620s to the early 1700s such as lean-to or wigwam/wetu. It could be Native America, Euro-American, or even African-American. Settlement/Colonial period sites such as this are rarely found because they are so small and leave such a light signature. Such early historic sites are also often destroyed by development. Eastern Massachusetts was settled early but is also intensively developed. MHC considers early historic sites to be under-recorded and thus of high importance. AHS therefore recommends that Mars3 undergo expanded Phase 2/Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations in which a sample of this component is removed in order to further elucidate the site’s nature and mitigate project-related impacts.
D. Locus 10 Locus 10 is also located at the southern end of the runway on the southeast border of the proposed runway extension area; Phase 2 investigations identified an ancient Native American component in a 60 x 10-meter area. Projectile points indicate this location, part of Site 19-PL- 426, was occupied in the Middle Archaic, Late Archaic and Woodland periods. The integrity of the Middle Archaic component is excellent, with many artifacts recovered in deeply buried intact sediments. Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations are recommended within a ca. 5 x 10 meter portion of Locus 10 in order to mitigate project-related impacts, as avoidance is not feasible.
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XII. REFERENCES
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APPENDIX I
Figures
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Figure 1: Location of the Project Area on USGS Duxbury Quadrangle, 1:24000 (data layers from MassGIS).
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Figure 3: APEs 1 through 7 within the Marshfield Airport project area projected on aerial photograph.
97 UMAS Locus 5
AHS Locus 8
UMAS Locus 4
UMAS Locus 6
Woodbine Farm
AHS Locus 7
UMAS Locus 3
UMAS Locus 2 AHS Locus 9
AHS Locus 10
Archaeological Loci UMAS Locus 1 Source AHS 0 50 100 200 Meters Figure 4: UMAS Loci ("Survey Units") 1-6 (yellow) and AHS Loci 7-10 (red) within the UMAS Marshfield Municipal Airport project area projected on aerial photograph. UMAS Locus 6 UMAS Locus 5 UMAS Locus 1 UMAS Locus 3 APE 4
APE 1
APE 5 APE 2 APE 6 APE 3 UMAS Locus 4
WoodbineAPE 7Farm UMAS Locus 2
Figure 5: Location and Results of UMAS Phase 1 intensive (locational) survey 025 50 100 150 200 Meters on original project plans with new APE areas highlighted in red. Adapted from Binzen and Medina (2009), Figures 12 and 13. APE 4 APE 1
APE 7
APE 5
APE 2 APE 3 APE 6
Legend Figure 6: Overview of AHS Phase 1 intensive (locational) survey shovel test pits (green points) AHS Phase 1 STP 025 50 100 150 200 Meters projected on recent project plans. Prior UMAS Phase 1 shovel test pits shown as blue points. UMAS Phase 1 STP See Figures 7, 8, 14 and 16 for detailed results. A13-A16 39 T16-6 T16-5T16-4T16-3T16-2T16-1 T16-14 T16-12T16-11T16-10T16-9T16-8T16-7 115 T17-4T17-3T17-2T17-1 T16-13 T17-6T17-5 107-110 102-105 116 111-114 T17-12T17-11T17-10T17-9T17-8T17-7 117 T17-13 T18-5T18-4T18-3T18-2T18-1 T18-11T18-10T18-9T18-8T18-7T18-6 T19-5T19-4T19-3T19-2T19-1 46 T19-10T19-9T19-8T19-7T19-6 T20-2T20-1 T20-3 106 T41-3T41-2T41-1 T20-7T20-6T20-5T20-4 T21-8T21-7T21-6T21-5T21-4T21-3T21-2T21-1T41-4 T40-1T40-2T40-3T40-4 T22-7T22-6T22-5T22-4T22-3T22-2T22-1 47-50 T39-4T39-3T39-2T39-1 T23-5T23-4T23-3T32-2T23-1 T38-1T38-2T38-3T38-4 T24-2T24-1 T37-8T37-7T37-6T37-5T37-4T37-3T37-2T37-1
T36-1T36-2T36-3T36-4T36-5T36-6T36-7T36-8
T35-7T35-6T35-5T35-4T35-3T35-2T35-1 T26-6 T26-7 T26-5 T26-3T26-4 T26-1T26-2 T34-1T34-2T34-3T34-4T34-5T34-6T34-7
T33-15 T33-14T33-13T33-12T33-10T33-9T33-8T33-7T33-6T33-5T33-4T33-3T33-2T33-1 T33-11 T32-1T32-2T32-3T32-4T32-5T32-6T32-7T32-8T32-9 T32-11T32-12 J7 T32-10 T31-13T31-12T31-10T31-9 T31-26T31-25T31-24T31-22T31-21T31-20T31-18T31-17T31-16T31-14 T25-3T25-2T25-1 T31-30T31-29T31-28 T31-11 T25-5T25-4 T31-27 T31-23 T31-19 T31-15
T13-16T13-15 Phase 1 Results T13-25T13-24T13-23 T13-20T13-19T13-18 T13-32T13-31 T13-30T13-29 T13-27T13-26 T13-17 Color Code T13-28 T13-22T13-21 37 36 1 3 T14-17T14-16T14-14 Sterile T14-25T14-23T14-22T14-21T14-20T14-19 T14-30T14-29T14-27T14-26 T14-18 T14-15 Native American T14-28 T14-24 T15-18 T15-15 T15-27T15-26T15-25T15-23T15-22T15-21T15-20T15-19 Historic T15-17T15-16 T15-24 Native/Historic Faunal
Figure 7: AHS Phase 1 Intensive Survey STP Locations and Results, 0 25 50 100 Meters APE 1 (dark green), APE 2 west (light green) and APE 5 (gold). UMAS Phase 1 STPs shown as open white circles. 102-105
106 T41-1
T40-3T40-4 47-50 T39-3T39-2T39-1
T38-1T38-2T38-3T38-4
T37-8T37-7T37-6T37-5T37-4T37-3T37-2T37-1
86 T36-1T36-2T36-3T36-4T36-5T36-6T36-7T36-8 90 85
T35-7T35-6T35-5T35-4T35-3T35-2T35-1
T34-1T34-2T34-3T34-4T34-5T34-6T34-7
T33-15 T33-14T33-13T33-12T33-10T33-9T33-8T33-7T33-6T33-5T33-4T33-3T33-2T33-1 T33-11 T30-1T30-2T30-3 T30-4T30-5T30-6T30-7 T32-1T32-2T32-3T32-4T32-5T32-6T32-7T32-8T32-9 T32-11T32-12 J7 T32-10 T31-13T31-12T31-10T31-9T31-8T31-7T31-6T31-5T31-4T31-3T31-2T31-1 T29-13T29-11T2910T29-9 T31-26T31-25T31-24T31-22T31-21T31-20T31-18T31-17T31-16T31-14 T29-16T29-15T29-14 T25-3T25-2T25-1 T31-30T31-29T31-28 T31-11 T25-5T25-4 T31-27 T31-23 T31-19 T31-15 T29-12 T1-13T1-12T1-11T1-10T1-9 T8-1 T8-2 T8-3 T2-1 T2-2 T2-3 T2-4 T13-4T13-3T13-2T13-1 T13-20 T13-18T13-16T13-15T13-14T13-13T13-12T13-11T13-10T13-9T13-8T13-7T13-6T13-5 T13-26T13-25T13-24T13-23 T13-19 T9-2 T9-3 T9-4 T9-5 T9-6 T9-7 T13-32 T13-31 T13-30 T13-29 T13-27 T13-17 A1-A4 T9-1 T3-10 T3-9 T3-8 T13-28 T13-22T13-21 T14-7T14-6T14-5T14-4T14-3T14-2T14-1 37 36 1 3 T14-17T14-16T14-14T14-13T14-12 T14-10T14-9T14-8 T14-29T14-27T14-26T14-25T14-23T14-22T14-21T14-20T14-19 T10-10T10-9T10-8T10-7T10-6 T14-30 T14-18 T14-15 T14-11 T10-5T10-4T10-3T10-2T10-1 T14-28 T14-24 A9-A12 T15-8T15-7T15-6T15-5T15-4T15-3T15-2T15-1 T15-18 T15-15T15-14T15-13T15-12 A5-A8 T15-27T15-26T15-25T15-23T15-22T15-21T15-20T15-19 T15-9 T15-17T15-16 T15-10 T11-1T11-2T11-3T11-4T11-5 T15-24 T46-7T46-6T46-5T46-4T46-3T46-2T46-1 T12-3T12-2T12-1 T47-6T47-5T47-4T47-3T47-2T47-1 J6
Phase 1 Results Color Code Sterile Native American J5 Historic T6-1 Native/Historic Faunal J4J3 T7-3 Figure 8: AHS Phase 1 Intensive Survey STP Locations and Results, T7-2 0 25 50 100 Meters APE 2 east (light green) and APE 6 (orange). J2 UMAS Phase 1 STPs shown as open white circles.
Figure 11: Projectile points recovered during the Intensive (Locational) Survey of Marshfield Airport Site 19-PL-426. Top left, rhyolite Merrimack-like (inv# 167, Locus 9); top center, rhyolite Rossville (inv# 5, Locus 7); top right, rhyolite Rossville-like (inv# 373, Locus 8); bottom left, quartz Squibnocket Triangle (inv# 118, Locus 9); bottom center, possible hornfels untyped Small Stemmed (inv# 240, Locus 10); bottom right, rhyolite untyped Small Stemmed (inv# 203, Locus 9).
105
Figure 12: Left, possible groundstone tool fragment (inv# 16) from Locus 9; right, nutting stone fragment (inv# 52, Locus 9).
106
96 94 95
T28-7 T28-6T28-5
T27-2 T27-4 T27-6 T27-8 T27-10 T27-11 T27-1 T27-3 T27-5 T27-7 T27-9
66 65 81 80 76 75 71 70 90 86 85
T30-11 T30-1T30-2T30-3 T30-4T30-5T30-6T30-7T30-8T30-9 T30-10 T31-3T31-2T31-1 T29-4T29-3T29-2 T31-8T31-7T31-6T31-5T31-4 T29-14 T29-13T29-11T2910T29-9T29-8T29-7T29-6T29-5 T29-16T29-15 T29-1 T29-12 T1-13T1-12T1-11T1-10T1-9 T1-8 T1-7 T1-6 T1-5 T1-4 T1-3 T1-2 T1-1 T8-1 T8-2 T8-3 T2-1 T2-2 T2-3 T2-4 T2-5 T2-6 T2-7 T2-8 T2-9T2-10T2-11 T13-14T13-13T13-12T13-11T13-10T13-9T13-8T13-7T13-6T13-5T13-4T13-3T13-2T13-1 T9-1 T9-2 T9-3 T9-4 T9-5 T9-6 T9-7 A1-A4 T3-10 T3-9 T3-8 T3-7 T3-6 T3-5 T3-4 T3-3 T3-2 T3-1 T14-1 T14-13T14-12 T14-10T14-9T14-8T14-7T14-6T14-5T14-4T14-3T14-2 T10-10T10-9T10-8T10-7T10-6 T4-4 T4-3 T4-2 T4-1 T14-15 T14-11 T10-5T10-4T10-3T10-2T10-1 A9-A12 T15-8T15-7T15-6T15-5T15-4T15-3T15-2T15-1 T15-14T15-13T15-12 A5-A8 T15-9 T15-16 T15-10 T11-1T11-2T11-3T11-4T11-5 T46-7T46-6T46-5T46-4T46-3T46-2T46-1 T12-3T12-2T12-1 T47-6T47-5T47-4T47-3T47-2T47-1 J6
J5 T6-1 T6-2 T6-3 T6-4 T6-5 T6-6 T6-7 T6-8 T6-9 T6-10
T5-10T5-9 T5-8 T5-7 T5-6 T5-5 T5-4 T5-3 T5-2 T5-1 J4J3 Phase 1 Results T7-3 Color Code T7-2 J2 Sterile T7-1 Native American Historic J1 Native/Historic Faunal
Figure 14: AHS Phase 1 Intensive Survey STP Locations and Results, 0 25 50 100 Meters APE 3 (light green) and APE 7 (red). UMAS Phase 1 STPs shown as open white circles.
95 96 91 94
T28-7 T28-6T28-5T28-4T28-3 T28-2 T28-1
T27-14 T27-2 T27-4 T27-6 T27-8 T27-10 T27-12
T27-11 T27-13 T27-1 T27-3 T27-5 T27-7 T27-9 97 101
61 60 56 55 66 65 81 80 76 75 71 70 Phase 1 Results 90 86 85 Color Code Sterile Native American Historic Native/Historic T30-11 T30-1T30-2T30-3 T30-4T30-5T30-6T30-7T30-8T30-9 Faunal T30-10 T31-1 T29-4T29-3T29-2 T29-14 T29-13T29-11T2910T29-9T29-8T29-7T29-6T29-5 T29-16T29-15 Figure 16: AHS Phase 1 Intensive Survey STP Locations and Results, T29-1 T29-12 0 25 50 100 Meters APE 4 (rose). T1-12T1-11T1-10T1-9 T1-8 T1-7 T1-6 T1-5 T1-4 T1-3 T1-2 T1-1 UMAST1-13 Phase 1 STPs shown as open white circles. T8-1 T8-2 T8-3 T2-1 T2-2 T2-3 T2-4 T2-5 T2-6 T2-7 T2-8 T2-9T2-10T2-11 T13-4T13-3T13-2T13-1 T9-1 T9-2 T9-3 T9-4 T9-5 T9-6 T9-7 A1-A4 T3-10 T3-9 T3-8 T3-7 T3-6 T3-5 T3-4 T3-3 T3-2 T3-1
T10-10T10-9T10-8T10-7T10-6 T4-4 T4-3 T4-2 T4-1 T10-5T10-4T10-3T10-2T10-1 A5-A8 T11-1T11-2T11-3T11-4T11-5
T12-3T12-2T12-1
J6
J5 T6-1 T6-2 T6-3 T6-4 T6-5 T6-6 T6-7 T6-8 T6-9 T6-10
T5-10T5-9 T5-8 T5-7 T5-6 T5-5 T5-4 T5-3 T5-2 T5-1 J4J3
Figure 21: Archaeological Loci Identified During the Intensive (Locational) Survey
115
Figure 22: Location of Locus 7 and associated shovel test pits within APE 7 (Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area D).
116
Figure 23: Location of Locus 8 in APE 4 (Turtle Habitat Enhancement Area A). STPs T27-7 and T27-12, and T28-2 through T28-5 produced artifacts from a good soil context. Sediments beyond the designated area of Locus 8 were disturbed.
117
Squibnocket Triangle
Possible feature
Merrimack-like stemmed
Untyped Small Stemmed
Figure 24: Location of Locus 9 within APE 1 (Runway 6-24 extension area). Locations of projectile points and a possible feature are highlighted. A high density of artifacts was documented within this area. STPs T20-4 and T20-6 indicated disturbed sediments. 118
Figure 25: Location of Locus 10 within APE 1 (Runway 6-24 extension area). STP T26-2 produced the greatest number of artifacts as well as artifacts from buried wetland sediments.
119
Figure 26: Results of the Phase 1 and 2 archaeological testing of Locus 7 within APE 7/Turtle Enhancement Area D (see Figure 22 for location within the project area). Gray blocks are Phase 1 test pits, black blocks are Phase 2 test pits. STPs were sterile where no artifact description is noted.
120
Figure 27: Examples of typical soil profiles within Locus 7: N20E0, N10W5 and N0W5. Note that the N20E0 pit exhibits fill and probable compaction, while the N10W5 pit exhibits soil truncation.
121
Figure 28: Locus 7 profile view of excavated 1x1-meter unit N10W1. The subsoil horizon appears mottled, suggesting a degree of soil reworking in this area.
122
Figure 29: Site Examination STP locations at Locus 8 (black squares) with Intensive Survey STPs (gray squares) and 1x1-meter excavation units at N10E34 and S5E19 also shown. See Figure 23 for location within the project area. North arrow expresses true north, axes express excavation grid.
123
Figure 30: Examples of typical soil profiles within Locus 8: S5E15, N19E35 and S5E55.
124
Figure 31: Locus 8 profile view of excavated 1x1-meter unit S5E9, south wall. The sediments indicate an intact, well-weathered subsoil horizon of very fine sandy loam beneath a shallow plow zone.
125
Figure 32: Locus 8 profile view of excavated 1x1-meter unit N10E34, north wall. The sediments indicate an intact, well-weathered subsoil horizon of very fine sandy loam with fractured stone beneath a deep plow zone.
126
T28-6
Figure 33: Historic artifact distribution within Locus 8 (red diamonds).
Figure 34: Lithic Artifact Density within Locus 8 based on the STP data. Each isoline reflects the projected distribution of 1 artifact per 50x50cm STP based on the Phase 2 sample. The high-density results of the 1x1m excavation units are not included so that the remaining distribution of finds is more evident. Gray squares represent Phase 1 STPs, black square represent Phase 2 STPs.
127
Figure 35: Rhyolite artifact density within Locus 8. Each isoline reflects the projected distribution of 2 rhyolite artifacts per 50x50cm STP based on the Phase 2 sample. Gray squares represent Phase 1 STPs, black squares represent Phase 2 STPs.
Figure 36: Quartz artifact density within Locus 8. Each isoline reflects the projected distribution of 5 quartz artifacts per 50x50cm STP based on the Phase 2 sample. Gray squares represent Phase 1 STPs, black squares represent Phase 2 STPs.
128
Figure 37: Diagnostic artifacts recovered from Locus 8 (red x’s).
Figure 38: Early Woodland Rossville-like forms and other tapered-stemmed points from Locus 8, (left to right, Inv# 373, 898, 955, 1021 and 1045).
129
Figure 39: Quartz projectile point fragments from Locus 8: left, point tip (#1177); center, point midsection (Inv#280); right Wading River base (Inv#1181).
130
Figure 40: Early and Middle Archaic points from Locus 8: left, quartz Kanawha-like bifurcate- base point (Inv#991); right, quartzite Stark point (Inv#1197).
131
Figure 41: Early Archaic Gulf of Maine Archaic Tradition micro-core and associated quartz scraper from Locus 8, N19E35-SW: left, quartz micro-core (Inv# 1090); right, quartz scraper on faceted crystal (Inv#1091).
132
Figure 42: Locations of additional stone tools and fragments found within Locus 8 (red squares).
133
Estimated Relative Sea-Level
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
Figure 43: Estimated Relative Sea-Level Change in Southeastern Massachusetts, depth in meters along y-axis, years rcBP along x-axis (Oldale 1986; Pirazzoli 1991).
134
Figure 44: Offshore bathymetry of southeastern Massachusetts, showing projected ages of the ancient shoreline based on the sea-level data (bathymetry data from MassGIS). The data should be seen as an approximation because of the complicating effects of irregular post-transgression sedimentation and erosion; i.e., modern sea-floor bathymetry is not an accurate reflection of ancient terrestrial topography.
135
Figure 45: Recommended areas of focused Phase 3 Data Recovery excavation if site avoidance is not possible at Locus 8.
136
Figure 46: Location of Marshfield Municipal Airport archaeological Loci 9 and 10 (red) examined in the Phase 2 survey overlain on project plans. UMAS Loci 1, 2 and 3 are shown in green.
137
Figure 47: Location of shovel test pits within Marshfield Municipal Airport archaeological Locus 9 (dashed red line) overlain on project plans. Combined results of Phase 1 and Phase 2 are shown. 1x1-meter excavation units appear as point clusters. Site datum (N0E0) marked with crossed arrows at STP T18-8. STP size exaggerated for clarity. 138
Figure 48: Location of historic components “Mars2” (c. 1750-1775) and “Mars3” (possible Settlement/Colonial period) within Locus 9. The pre-Contact Native American component “Mars1” is Locus 9-wide.
139
Figure 49: Typical profiles from Locus 9/Mars1, pre-Contact component: STPs N0W25, S10W35 and S15E50.
140
Figure 50: Typical profiles from Locus 9/Mars1, pre-Contact component: STPs N5E25, N20E5 and N20E80.
141
Figure 51: Distribution of lithic artifacts from the topsoil across Locus 9/Mars1 component. Isolines express changes in density of 5 artifacts per quarter-meter quadrant. The range reflects 5 through 50 artifacts per STP. The core topsoil concentration falls between N0E5, N0E25, S15E5 and S15E15 (> ca. 20 lithic artifacts per STP) with possible sub-concentrations of greater density within this area. Smaller concentrations occur at N15E15, N10W5, S5W21, and S25E15. The distinct zones of high and low lithic artifact counts suggest plowing has had a limited effect on the horizontal distribution of the artifacts.
142
Figure 52: Distribution of lithic artifacts from the subsoil across Locus 9/Mars1 component. Isolines express changes in density of 1 artifacts per quarter-meter quadrant. The range reflects 1 through 9 artifacts per STP. Subsoil artifacts appear to reflect a distinct spatial organization from topsoil finds (Figure 10).
143
Figure 53: Distribution of lithic artifacts from disturbed sediment contexts at Locus 9/Mars1 component. Disturbed areas are limited to S10E0 to S20E0, S5W30, S20E20 and a small number from N5E4-SE. These areas appear to be too disturbed to produce archaeologically significant data. 144
Figure 54: Rhyolite artifact distribution within Locus 9/Mars1 component. Each isoline reflects the projected distribution of 2 rhyolite artifacts per 50x50cm STP. Highlighted zone reflect areas of more than 8 rhyolite artifacts per quarter-meter.
145
Figure 55: Distribution of individual flakes of homogenous, aphanitic (lacking visible phenocrysts) red Saugus-like rhyolite across Locus 9/Mars1 component. This variety of rhyolite occurred in very low numbers and displays no distinctive spatial patterning.
146
Figure 56: Distribution of red-brown rhyolite at Locus 9/Mars1 component, possible Attleboro felsite. The distribution generally matches that of rhyolite as a whole from across the locus, but has distinct concentrations at S5W21 and N20E20.
147
Figure 57: Quartz artifact distribution within Locus 9/Mars1 component. Each isoline reflects the projected distribution of 2 quartz artifacts per 50x50cm STP. Highlighted zone reflect areas of more than 8 quartz artifacts per quarter meter.
148
Figure 58: Distribution of other lithic materials (non-quartz, non-rhyolite and non fire-cracked rock) within Locus 9/Mars1 component. Each isoline reflects the projected distribution of 2 artifacts per 50x50cm STP. Highlighted areas indicate 2 or more artifacts per quarter-meter. The greatest concentration (8 or more artifacts) occur at S1E9-NE and NW, T20-6 (S20E0), N9W4-NW and S10E5.
149
Figure 59: Locus 9 - Neville-like rhyolite point base fragment from STP N0E24-SE (Inv# 1416).
Figure 60: Locus 9 - Left to right: Quartz untyped stemmed point base, S5E0 (Inv# 1686), large rhyolite biface fragment, N15E15 (Inv# 1596), rhyolite Squibnocket triangle, N9W4-SE (Inv# 2112), and quartz Madison-like point, N20E5 (Inv# 1655). 150
Figure 61: Locus 9 - Stemmed Rossville and Rossville-like points. Top row: felsite, S15E45 (Inv# 1977); rhyolite, S5W15 (Inv# 1786). Bottom row: quartz, N9W4 (Inv# 2101), quartz, S16W10 (Inv# 2333) and quartz, S1W20 (Inv# 2247).
151
Figure 62: Locus 9 – top row: rhyolite drill, (Inv# 1568), rhyolite early-stage preform (Inv# 1614). Bottom row: quartz preform (Inv# 1581) and quartz tear-drop-shaped preform (Inv# 2150).
152
Figure 63: Distribution of projectile points and fragments and a bifacial drill in Locus 9/Mars1 component.
153
Figure 64: Distribution of non-diagnostic lithic tools excluding projectile points and other bifaces in Locus 9/Mars1. Tentatively identified tool fragments not shown for clarity.
154
Figure 65: Faunal materials, fire-cracked rock and possible features from Locus 9.
155
Figure 66: Artifacts from the 18th-century component of Locus 9, “Mars2.” Top row: green liquor-bottle glass (Inv# 9), green liquor-bottle glass (Inv# 15), molten lead (Inv# 16), 18th- century cuprous button (Inv# 5). Bottom row: delftware (Inv# 23), gray-bodied green-glazed earthenware rim sherd (Inv# 22), green-glazed red earthenware (Inv# 3) and creamware (Inv# 4).
156
Figure 67: Locus 9, typical profiles from the Mars2 18th-century component.
157
Figure 68: Ford 1838 Map of Marshfield Neck georeferenced to correspond to the locations of archaeological loci examined by UMAS and AHS, Inc. Note that the wetlands were more extensive and the Green Harbor River more navigable prior to the construction of the tidal gate in 1872. A dock is shown in the approximate location of Locus 10. 158
Figure 69: Artifacts from Mars3, the possible Settlement/Colonial component of Locus 9. Top row: iron nail (Inv# 1), iron nail (Inv# 6), worked cuprous button (Inv# 5). Bottom row: red earthenware (Inv# 2), brown-glazed red earthenware (Inv# 3), gray translucent European flint (Inv# 4). 159
Figure 70: Profile of Excavation Unit S16W10 and STP S15W10 west walls with possible remnant living floor feature (horizon 1) from Locus 9, possible Contact-period component “Mars3.” Profile measures 1.5 meters in width by 80cm in depth.
160
Figure 71: Distribution of all lithic artifacts within Locus 10. Isolines reflect 10 lithic artifacts per 50x50cm excavation quadrant. Native American artifacts are concentrated within a ca. 5x20- meter area with the greatest density within EU N5E9-SW (126 artifacts).
161
Figure 72: Sample profiles from Locus 10. Note that the depth of buried wetland sediments deepens to the west. In the westernmost STP (N5W14) the wetland horizon is buried by redeposited topsoils.
162
Figure 73: Distribution of lithic artifacts from buried wetland sediments within Locus 10. Isolines reflect 5 lithic artifacts per 50x50cm excavation quadrant. Native American artifacts are concentrated within a ca. 5x10-meter area with the greatest density within EU N5E9-NE (60 artifacts). 163
Figure 74: Distribution of all rhyolite artifacts within Locus 10. Isolines reflect 5 lithic artifacts per 50x50cm excavation quadrant. Native American rhyolite artifacts are reach their greatest density within EU N5E9 (SW=93, NE=80, SE=54 and NW=44), N5E10 (41) and N5E5 (25), N5E15 (16) and T26-2 (15). 164
Figure 75: Distribution of all quartz artifacts within Locus 10. Isolines reflect 2 lithic artifacts per 50x50cm excavation quadrant. Native American quartz artifacts are reach their greatest density within EU N5E9-SW (21 artifacts) and N5E15 (19 artifacts).
165
Figure 76: Projectile point fragments from Locus 10: Left to right, untyped quartz point tip (Inv# 781), rhyolite Stark point (Inv# 679), rhyolite Neville point base (Inv# 865).
166
Figure 77: Projectile point fragments from Locus 10: Left to right, quartz Rossville-like point (Inv# 640) and argillite Merrimack-like point (Inv# 646). The argillite point on the left is very similar to an oblique-based Merrimack-like type dated to 5510+/-40 rcBP in North Stonington, Connecticut (Jones 2007).
167
Figure 78: Projectile points from Locus 10: Left to right, quartz Wading River point (Inv#624), quartz untyped Small Stemmed point (Inv# 805), quartz untyped pentagonal point (Inv# 699) and quartz untyped pentagonal/stemmed point (Inv# 733). Point #733 is similar to the Late Archaic Wading River variant type sometimes referred to as a “Burwell Point” (Lavin and Russell 1985).
168
Figure 79: Flaked stone tools from Locus 10. Left to right, rhyolite flake knife with cortical platform remnant (Inv# 836, heavily-patinated tool from lowest wetland sediment horizon), rhyolite preform (Inv# 621, comparable to the “U-shaped biface” Middle Archaic type, found in lowest wetland sediment horizon), quartz side scraper fragment (Inv# 476, likely a snapped working edge from a larger tool, from the upper plowzone).
169
Figure 80: Profile of excavation unit N5E9 in Locus 10, west wall, showing the series of buried wetland soil horizons from which Middle Archaic artifacts were found.
170
APPENDIX II
Phase 1 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogue Project-wide
171 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, All APE Phase I 02/28/13
Material Total Lithic 564 Historic Ceramic 32 Faunal 36 Metal 7 Glass 41 Historic Pipe 1
Total Artifacts: 681 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 02/28/13 Phase I Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic chalcedony bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic chert biface thinning flake 1 Lithic chert bifacial retouch flake 2 Lithic chert flake 2 Lithic chert microflake 1 Lithic crystal quartz flake 3 Lithic hornfels modified cobble 1 Lithic hornfels biface thinning flake 5 Lithic hornfels bifacial retouch flake 6 Lithic hornfels flake 47 Lithic hornfels large flake 1 Lithic hornfels possible flake 2 Lithic hornfels primary reduction flake 1 Lithic hornfels small angular debris 1 Lithic hornfels tablet 1 Lithic hornfels projectile point 1 Lithic mudstone bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic mudstone flake 1 Lithic mudstone biface 2 Lithic possible chert flake 1 Lithic possible chert primary reduction flake 1 Lithic possible hornfels primary reduction flake 1 Lithic possible slate flake 1 Lithic possible spherulitic rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Lithic quartz modified cobble 3 Lithic quartz biface reduction flake 2 Lithic quartz biface thinning flake 2 Lithic quartz bifacial retouch flake 46 Lithic quartz chunk 2 Lithic quartz core 2 Lithic quartz flake 125 Lithic quartz large angular debris 4 Lithic quartz large primary reduction debris 2 Lithic quartz possible scraper retouch flake 1 Lithic quartz primary reduction flake 10 Lithic quartz shatter 1 Lithic quartz small angular debris 29 Lithic quartz small primary reduction debris 7 Lithic quartz biface 6 Lithic quartz possible wedge 1 Lithic quartz projectile point 2 Lithic quartz scraper 2 Lithic quartz spoke shave 1 Lithic quartz utilized angular debris 1 Lithic quartz utilized flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 02/28/13 Phase I Page 2
Material Description Count Lithic quartz utilized primary cobble reduction 1 Lithic quartzite biface thinning flake 1 Lithic quartzite flake 3 Lithic rhyolite biface reduction flake 1 Lithic rhyolite biface thinning flake 11 Lithic rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 70 Lithic rhyolite flake 105 Lithic rhyolite large angular debris 1 Lithic rhyolite large flake 2 Lithic rhyolite microflake 1 Lithic rhyolite possible flake 1 Lithic rhyolite primary reduction flake 6 Lithic rhyolite small angular debris 2 Lithic rhyolite biface 2 Lithic rhyolite flake knife 1 Lithic rhyolite knife 1 Lithic rhyolite possible utilized flake 1 Lithic rhyolite projectile point 4 Lithic rhyolite retouched flake 1 Lithic unidentified lithic nutting stone 1 Lithic unidentified lithic primary reduction flake 2 Lithic unidentified lithic unidentified groundstone 1 Lithic unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 9 Historic Ceramic red earthenware (no glaze) 2 Historic Ceramic red earthenware clear lead glaze 1 Historic Ceramic ironstone 2 Historic Ceramic refined earthenware (no glaze) 1 Historic Ceramic refined earthenware (with glaze) 1 Historic Ceramic blue shell edged pearlware 1 Historic Ceramic Domestic salt glazed stoneware with Albany slip jar or pot 1 Historic Ceramic blue transfer printed whiteware 2 Historic Ceramic flow blue transfer printed whiteware 1 Historic Ceramic hand painted polychrome whiteware 1 Historic Ceramic untyped whiteware 19 Faunal eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 4 Faunal northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) 21 Faunal soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) 7 Faunal unidentified calcined bone 3 Faunal unidentified shell 1 Metal brass rim fire cartridge post 1866 1 Metal iron machine cut machine headed nail 1 Metal iron nail 4 Metal iron sheet 1 Glass blue-green window glass 2 Glass brown unidentified curved glass 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 02/28/13 Phase I Page 3
Material Description Count Glass clear window glass 8 Glass clear unidentified curved glass 23 Glass green window glass 1 Glass green unidentified curved glass 3 Glass opaque white/milk glass button 1 Glass opaque white/milk unidentified curved glass 1 Glass purple glass unidentified container 1 Historic Pipe kaolin pipe 5/64 1
Total Artifacts: 681 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Mean Ceramic Date Report 02/28/13 Site: 19-PL-426, All APE Page 1
Class Sum of Count Date Count*date Domestic salt glazed stoneware with Albany slip 1.00 1853 1853 blue shell edged pearlware 1.00 1805 1805 blue transfer printed whiteware 2.00 1860 3720 flow blue transfer printed whiteware 1.00 1870 1870 hand painted polychrome whiteware 1.00 1865 1865 ironstone 2.00 1857 3714 red earthenware (no glaze) 2.00 0 red earthenware clear lead glaze 1.00 0 refined earthenware (no glaze) 1.00 0 refined earthenware (with glaze) 1.00 0 untyped whiteware 19.00 1860 35340
Mean Ceramic Date: 1858 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1.00 7 T9-1 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.52 gm 1 medium to large mammal 2.00 7 T10-9 3-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 clear window glass fragment 1
3.00 7 T10-9 3-23 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
4.00 7 T10-9 3-23 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 .22 caliber brass rim fire cartridge post 1866 whole 1
5.00 7 A3 22-32 cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray-black rhyolite Rossville projectile point whole Early 1 Woodland
6.00 7 A5 2-20 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 iron nail whole 1
7.00 7 A5 2-20 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 clear window glass fragment 1
8.00 7 A5 2-20 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
9.00 7 A6 0-20 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 clear window glass fragment 1
10.00 7 A6 0-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 blue-green window glass fragment 1
11.00 7 A6 20-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz modified cobble 2
12.00 9 T16-6 5-26 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface reduction flake 1
13.00 9 T16-7 3-37 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
14.00 9 T16-7 3-37 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
15.00 9 T16-8 6-28 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
16.00 9 T16-8 6-28 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic unidentified groundstone 1 fragment with striations 17.00 Artifact ( 1 mottle decorated Staffordshire sherd ) reassigned to Site Mars2 ( Locus 9 ) 18.00 Artifact ( 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd )
19.00 9 T16-9 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
20.00 9 T16-9 5-32 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 2
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 21.00 9 T16-9 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite large flake w/ cortex 1
22.00 9 T16-9 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels bifacial retouch flake 1
23.00 9 T16-9 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels biface thinning flake 1
24.00 9 T16-9 32-42cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 3 hornfels flake 2
25.00 9 T16-9 32-42cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
26.00 9 T16-10 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Saugus 27.00 9 T16-11 7-34cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
28.00 9 T16-11 7-34cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
29.00 9 T16-11 7-34cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
30.00 9 T16-11 7-34cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
31.00 9 T17-7 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
32.00 9 T17-7 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
33.00 9 T17-7 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 black chert flake w/ potlid fractures 1
34.00 9 T17-7 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
35.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels biface thinning flake 1 possibly utilized 36.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
37.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz biface fragment 1 thick, battered edge 38.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
39.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
40.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray-green rhyolite flake fragment 1
41.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite possible flake w/ patination 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 3
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 42.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
43.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray-green rhyolite flake fragment 2
44.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
45.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
46.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 possible slate flake 2 recent break; 2 fragments refit to form 1 flake 47.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 hornfels modified cobble fragment 2
48.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz flake 2 core reduction 49.00 9 T17-8 48-58cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 hornfels flake 3
50.00 9 T17-9 5-33cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
51.00 9 T17-9 5-33cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
52.00 9 T17-9 5-33cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic nutting stone fragment 1
53.00 9 T17-9 33-43cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 hornfels flake 2
54.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite flake fragment 1
55.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
56.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 6 hornfels flake 1
57.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
58.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
59.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz utilized flake 1
60.00 9 T17-11 6-15cm bsAp (Plowzone)1 I 3 gray rhyolite flake 1
61.00 9 T17-11 6-15cm bsAp (Plowzone)1 I 2 quartz flake 1
62.00 9 T17-11 15-25cm bsAp (Plowzone)2 I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 4
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 63.00 9 T17-11 15-25cm bsAp (Plowzone)2 I 1 quartz biface fragment 2 small 64.00 9 T17-11 15-25cm bsAp (Plowzone)2 I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
65.00 9 T17-11 25-35cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 3
66.00 9 T17-11 25-35cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz small angular debris 3
67.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
68.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
69.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
70.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels biface thinning flake 1
71.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 chalcedony bifacial retouch flake 1
72.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz chunk 1
73.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz small angular debris 1
74.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
75.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
76.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
77.00 9 T18-6 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
78.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
79.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 5 gray rhyolite flake 1
80.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite biface thinning flake proximal 1 fragment 81.00 9 T18-7 6-35 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
82.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
83.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 5
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 84.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartzite flake 1
85.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz flake 1
86.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
87.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock fragment 25.20 gm 1
88.00 9 T18-7 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 mudstone biface fragment 2
89.00 9 T18-7 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
90.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake fragment 1
91.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite flake 1
92.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
93.01 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
93.02 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 mudstone flake fragment 1
93.03 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartzite flake fragment 1
94.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels flake w/ cortex 1 refit 95.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small angular debris 1
96.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
97.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz utilized flake 1
98.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
99.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz biface fragment 2 small 100.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 2
101.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 red rhyolite possible utilized flake 2 may be recent damage; possible Saugus 102.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 6
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 103.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
104.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake proximal fragment 1
105.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
106.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small angular debris 1
107.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 crystal quartz flake 1
108.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 7 quartz flake 1
109.00 9 T18-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
110.00 9 T18-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels small angular debris 1
111.00 9 T18-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite retouched flake 1 primary reduction 112.00 9 T18-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 beige rhyolite flake w/ cortex 1
113.00 9 T18-11 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
114.00 9 T18-11 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
115.00 9 T18-11 20-32cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 red rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 Saugus 116.00 9 T18-11 20-32cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 quartz flake 2
117.00 9 T18-11 20-32cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz biface thinning flake 2
118.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz Squibnocket triangle projectile point base Late Archaic 1 fragment 119.00 9 T19-6 3-42 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz large angular debris 1
120.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
121.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
122.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 gray rhyolite flake 1
123.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 7
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 124.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 hornfels flake 1
125.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 black possible chert primary reduction flake 1 unidentified fine-grained material from glacial pebble source 126.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite large flake 1
127.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
128.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
129.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
130.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
131.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
132.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray chert bifacial retouch flake 1
133.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray chert biface thinning flake 1
134.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 chert microflake 1
135.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
136.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
137.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
138.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz possible wedge fragment 1 possible battered biface fragment 139.00 9 T19-7 4-35 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock fragment 40.68 gm 1
140.00 9 T19-7 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz flake 2
141.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake knife fragment 1
142.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
143.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
144.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 8
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 145.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake proximal fragment 1
146.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
147.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
148.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite small angular debris 1
149.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 chert bifacial retouch flake 1
150.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 possible hornfels primary reduction flake 1
151.01 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels flake 1
151.02 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
152.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz biface reduction flake 1
153.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
154.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 5 quartz flake 1
155.00 9 T19-8 39-49cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
156.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz scraper fragment 1
157.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
158.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz flake 1
159.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
160.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
161.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz utilized primary cobble reduction fragment 1
162.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
163.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz biface reduction flake 1
164.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 9
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 165.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
166.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
167.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite Merrimack-like projectile point 1 whole stem not ground, base platform still evident, may be Early Woodland stemmed form 168.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 39.50 gm 1 cobble fragment 169.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic primary reduction flake 1
170.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic primary reduction flake 1 possibly utilized 171.00 9 T19-10 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
172.00 9 T19-10 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
173.00 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
174.00 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 1 hornfels bifacial retouch flake 1
175.00 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 4 quartz flake 1
176.00 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 1 quartz flake 1
177.01 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
177.02 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 1 quartz utilized angular debris 1
178.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
179.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
180.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 2 quartz flake 2
181.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 possibly burnt, or heat treated 182.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
183.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 2
184.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 gray-black rhyolite knife 2 bifacailly edged Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 10
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 185.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 green chert flake 1
186.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 possible chert flake w/ patination 1
187.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
188.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
189.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
190.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
191.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz flake 1
192.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
193.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
194.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red quartzite flake 1 probably burned 195.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 22.20 gm 1 pebble 196.00 9 T20-5 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 red earthenware clear lead glaze sherd 2
197.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
198.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
199.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
200.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
201.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
202.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 Saugus 203.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray rhyolite untyped small stemmed projectile point 1 without tip small 204.00 9 T20-6 4-40 cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels large flake 1
205.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 3 hornfels bifacial retouch flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 11
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 206.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels flake 1
207.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels primary reduction flake 1
208.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels tablet 1
209.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz biface fragment 1
210.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 4 quartz flake 1
211.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
212.00 9 T20-6 40-60cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 2 gray rhyolite flake 2
213.00 9 T20-6 40-60cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
214.00 9 T20-6 40-60cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels flake w/ cortex 2
215.00 9 T20-6 40-60cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 green window glass fragment 2
216.00 9 T20-6 60-80cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels possible flake 3
217.00 9 T20-6 60-80cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels flake w/ cortex 3
218.00 9 T20-6 60-80cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz flake 3
219.00 Artifact ( 1 iron nail whole ) reassigned to Site Mars3 ( Locus 9 ) 220.00 9 T20-7 4-35cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake 1
221.00 9 T20-7 4-35cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake proximal 1
222.00 9 T21-8 7-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
223.00 9 T21-8 7-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
224.00 9 T22-3 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface tip fragment 1
225.00 9 T22-5 4-19cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz biface 1
226.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 12
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 227.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels biface thinning flake w/ cortex 1
228.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
229.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
230.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red rhyolite flake 1 Saugus 231.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 62.08 gm 1
232.00 9 T22-7 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
233.00 9 T22-7 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2 purple 234.01 9 A14 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
234.02 9 A14 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface fragment 1 small 235.00 10 T26-1 10-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz flake 1
236.00 10 T26-1 62-77cm bsWetlands I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
237.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 red-brown rhyolite small angular debris burnt 1
238.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 6 gray rhyolite flake 1
239.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 4 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
240.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 hornfels untyped small stemmed projectile point 1 without tip 241.00 10 T26-2 4-34 cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 hornfels possible flake 1
242.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
243.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 3 quartz flake 1
244.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz chunk 1
245.00 10 T26-2 34-44cm bsWetlands I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
246.00 10 T26-2 34-44cm bsWetlands I 2 gray rhyolite flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 13
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 247.00 10 T26-2 34-44cm bsWetlands I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
248.00 10 T26-2 34-44cm bsWetlands I 1 red rhyolite flake 2
249.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
250.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
251.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 cream rhyolite flake w/ patination 1
252.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 hornfels flake 1
253.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz large angular debris 1
254.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
255.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels flake 1
256.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake w/ cortex 1
257.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
258.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
259.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
260.00 10 T26-4 30-50cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 possible spherulitic rhyolite biface thinning flake w/ 2 patination 261.00 10 T26-4 30-50 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 2
262.00 10 T26-5 9-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
263.00 10 T26-5 9-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 hornfels flake 1
264.00 10 T26-6 20-32cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
265.00 10 T26-6 32-45cm bsWetland I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
266.00 8 T27-1 4-19cm bsFill 1 I 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.22 gm 1
267.00 8 T27-1 4-19cm bsFill 1 I 3 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 14
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 268.00 8 T27-1 4-19cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz flake 1
269.00 8 T27-2 3-22cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz spoke shave 1 notch 270.00 8 T27-2 3-22cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
271.00 8 T27-2 3-22cm bsFill 1 I 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
272.00 8 T27-2 22-32cm bsFill 2 I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
273.00 8 T27-2 22-32cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
274.00 8 T27-2 22-32cm bsFill 2 I 1 hornfels flake 2
275.00 8 T27-2 37-64cm bsFill 3 I 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 3
276.00 8 T27-3 5-16cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
277.00 8 T27-3 5-16cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake 1
278.00 8 T27-3 5-16cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
279.00 8 T27-3 16-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz possible scraper retouch flake 2
280.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz projectile point midsection fragment 1 probable small stemmed 281.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
282.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 5 quartz flake 1
283.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
284.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
285.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
286.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
287.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
288.00 8 T27-4 24-39cm bsFill 2 I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 15
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 289.00 8 T27-4 24-39cm bsFill 2 I 1 hornfels flake 2
290.00 8 T27-4 24-39cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
291.00 8 T27-4 24-39cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz flake fragment 2
292.00 8 T27-5 4-12cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake 1
293.00 8 T27-5 4-12cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
294.00 8 T27-5 4-12cm bsFill 1 I 4 gray rhyolite flake 1
295.00 8 T27-5 4-12cm bsFill 1 I 1 hornfels flake 1
296.00 8 T27-5 12-30cm bsFill 2 I 4 hornfels flake 2
297.00 8 T27-5 12-30cm bsFill 2 I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
298.00 8 T27-7 2-14cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 3 gray rhyolite flake 1
299.00 8 T27-7 2-14cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
300.00 8 T27-7 2-14cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray rhyolite flake fragment 1
301.00 8 T27-7 2-14cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz flake 1
302.00 8 T27-7 14-28cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? I 2 quartz flake 2
303.00 8 T27-7 14-28cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? I 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
304.00 8 T27-7 14-28cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? I 2 gray rhyolite flake 2
305.00 8 T27-7 14-28cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
306.00 8 T27-7 28-38cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 3
307.00 8 T27-7 38-48cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 4
308.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.20 gm 1
309.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 16
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 310.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
311.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
312.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
313.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz core 1 or cobble 314.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
315.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
316.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
317.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
318.00 8 T27-9 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
319.00 8 T27-9 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
320.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz large angular debris 1
321.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small angular debris 1
322.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
323.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
324.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
325.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
326.00 8 T27-10 14-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz flake 2
327.00 8 T27-11 3-12cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
328.00 8 T27-11 3-12cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
329.00 8 T27-11 3-12cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
330.00 8 T27-12 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 3 hornfels flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 17
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 331.00 8 T27-12 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz flake 1
332.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
333.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
334.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
335.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz flake 1
336.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
337.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
338.00 8 T27-14 4-14cm bsFill 1 I 4 quartz flake 1
339.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 6 quartz flake 2
340.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
341.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz biface thinning flake 2
342.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 2
343.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
344.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 hornfels flake 2
345.00 8 T28-1 4-20cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake 1
346.00 8 T28-1 4-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz biface fragment 1
347.00 8 T28-1 4-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
348.00 8 T28-1 4-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
349.00 8 T28-1 20-30cm bsFill 2 I 5 red-brown rhyolite flake 2
350.00 8 T28-1 20-30cm bsFill 2 I 1 mudstone bifacial retouch flake 2
351.00 8 T28-2 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 18
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 352.00 8 T28-2 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz modified cobble 1
353.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
354.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
355.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
356.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
357.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 gray rhyolite flake 1
358.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
359.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
360.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz large angular debris 1
361.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
362.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz flake 1
363.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz scraper 1
364.00 8 T28-4 31-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
365.00 8 T28-4 31-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 quartz flake 2
366.00 8 T28-5 30-35cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz flake 1
367.00 8 T28-5 30-35cm bsFill 2 I 1 opaque white/milk glass button fragment 1
368.00 8 T28-6 4-20cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
369.00 8 T28-6 4-20cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
370.00 8 T28-6 4-20cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 3 quartz flake 1
371.00 8 T28-7 4-17cm bsFill 1 I 1 hornfels flake 1
372.00 8 T28-7 4-17cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite large angular debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 19
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 373.00 8 T28-7 4-17cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite possible Rossville projectile point 1
374.00 8 T28-7 17-30cm bsFill 2? I 1 quartz flake 2
375.00 FS T13-3 20-27cm bsFill 1 I 1 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
376.00 FS T13-7 5-20cm bsFill 1 I 6 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 1
377.00 FS T13-10 3-25cm bsFill 1 I 4 soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) fragment 1 only a sample was collected 378.00 FS T13-10 3-25cm bsFill 1 I 3 eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fragment 1 only a sample was collected 379.00 FS T13-10 3-25cm bsFill 1 I 11 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 1 only a sample was collected 380.00 FS T13-11 0-20cm bsA0/Fill 1 I 4 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 1
381.00 FS T13-11 0-20cm bsA0/Fill 1 I 1 eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fragment 1
382.00 FS T13-11 0-20cm bsA0/Fill 1 I 3 soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) fragment 1
383.00 FS T13-15 28-40cm bsFill 3 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
384.00 FS T13-32 4-23cm bsFill 1 I 1 red-brown rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
385.00 FS T14-11 3-10cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
386.00 FS T14-27 5-30cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz shatter 1
387.00 FS T14-27 5-30cm bsFill 1 I 1 blue-green window glass fragment 1
388.00 FS T14-27 5-30cm bsFill 1 I 2 iron nail fragment 1
389.00 FS T14-28 20-30cm bsFill 1 I 1 ironstone 1813-1900+ 1
390.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 Domestic salt glazed stoneware with Albany slip jar 1805-1900 1 or pot rim sherd 391.00 FS T15-5 18-40 cm bsFill 2 I 2 untyped whiteware rim sherd 1820-1900+ 1 mends 392.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 2 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
393.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 blue transfer printed whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 20
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 394.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 ironstone sherd 1813-1900+ 1
395.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 refined earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
396.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 refined earthenware (with glaze) sherd 1
397.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
398.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 opaque white/milk unidentified curved glass 1 fragment 399.00 FS T15-5 18-40 cm bsFill 2 I 1 green unidentified curved glass fragment 1
400.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 8 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 1
401.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 11 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 2
402.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 2 green unidentified curved glass fragment 2
403.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 brown unidentified curved glass fragment 2
404.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 2
405.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 flow blue transfer printed whiteware sherd 1840-1900+ 2
406.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 6 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 2
407.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 iron nail fragment 2
408.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 iron sheet fragment 2
409.00 FS T15-5 58-86cm bsFill 4/Meadow I 4 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 3
410.00 FS T15-5 58-86cm bsFill 4/Meadow I 1 clear window glass fragment 3
411.00 FS T15-5 58-86cm bsFill 4/Meadow I 1 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 3
412.00 FS T15-10 28-42cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz flake 1
413.00 FS T15-11 20-35cm bsRedeposited B/Fill 1 I 1 quartz flake 1
414.00 FS T15-11 20-35cm bsRedeposited B/Fill 1 I 1 quartz modified cobble 1 may be non-cultural Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, All APE 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 21
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 415.00 FS T15-11 35-45cm bsFill 2 I 1 clear window glass fragment 2
416.00 FS T15-12 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)/Fill I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
417.00 FS T15-12 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)/Fill I 1 blue shell edged pearlware rim sherd 1780-1830 1
418.00 FS T15-22 0-20cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 I 1 hand painted polychrome whiteware sherd 1830-1900+ 1
419.00 FS T15-22 0-20cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
420.00 FS T15-22 20-40cm bsFill 1 I 1 untyped whiteware rim sherd 1820-1900+ 2
421.00 FS T15-22 20-40cm bsFill 1 I 1 iron machine cut machine headed nail fragment 2
422.00 FS T15-23 7-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 blue transfer printed whiteware base sherd 1820-1900+ 1
423.00 FS T29-7 5-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
424.00 FS T29-8 6-18cm bsRedeposited A/Fill I 1 quartzite biface thinning flake 1
425.00 FS T29-13 6-18cm bsFill 1 I 4 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1 mends 426.00 FS T32-4 0-20cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
427.00 FS T32-9 40-50cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
428.00 FS T46-1 35-45cm bsFill 2 I 1 purple glass unidentified container base fragment 1
429.00 FS T46-2 20-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 kaolin pipe 5/64 stem fragment 1
430.00 FS A9 0-8cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz core fragment 1
431.00 FS A12 0-15cm bsFill 1 I 1 unidentified shell fragment 1
APPENDIX III
Phase 1 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogues by Locus and Field Scatter Finds
198 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 7 Phase I 03/01/13
Material Total Lithic 3 Historic Ceramic 2 Faunal 1 Metal 2 Glass 7
Total Artifacts: 15 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 7 03/01/13 Phase I Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic quartz modified cobble 1 Lithic quartz small primary reduction debris 1 Lithic rhyolite projectile point 1 Historic Ceramic untyped whiteware 2 Faunal unidentified calcined bone 1 Metal brass rim fire cartridge post 1866 1 Metal iron nail 1 Glass blue-green window glass 1 Glass clear window glass 6
Total Artifacts: 15 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Mean Ceramic Date Report 03/01/13 Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 7 Page 1
Class Sum of Count Date Count*date untyped whiteware 2.00 1860 3720
Mean Ceramic Date: 1860 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 7 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1.00 7 T9-1 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.52 gm 1 medium to large mammal 2.00 7 T10-9 3-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 clear window glass fragment 1
3.00 7 T10-9 3-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
4.00 7 T10-9 3-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 .22 caliber brass rim fire cartridge post 1866 whole 1
5.00 7 A3 22-32 cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray-black rhyolite Rossville projectile point whole Early 1 Woodland
6.00 7 A5 2-20 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 iron nail whole 1
7.00 7 A5 2-20 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 clear window glass fragment 1
8.00 7 A5 2-20 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
9.00 7 A6 0-20 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 clear window glass fragment 1
10.00 7 A6 0-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 blue-green window glass fragment 1
11.00 7 A6 20-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz modified cobble 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 Phase I 03/01/13
Material Total Lithic 168 Faunal 2 Glass 1
Total Artifacts: 171 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 03/01/13 Phase I Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic hornfels flake 16 Lithic mudstone bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic quartz modified cobble 1 Lithic quartz biface thinning flake 1 Lithic quartz bifacial retouch flake 23 Lithic quartz core 1 Lithic quartz flake 55 Lithic quartz large angular debris 2 Lithic quartz large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic quartz possible scraper retouch flake 1 Lithic quartz primary reduction flake 1 Lithic quartz small angular debris 9 Lithic quartz small primary reduction debris 3 Lithic quartz biface 1 Lithic quartz projectile point 1 Lithic quartz scraper 1 Lithic quartz spoke shave 1 Lithic rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Lithic rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 13 Lithic rhyolite flake 30 Lithic rhyolite large angular debris 1 Lithic rhyolite primary reduction flake 3 Lithic rhyolite projectile point 1 Faunal unidentified calcined bone 2 Glass opaque white/milk glass button 1
Total Artifacts: 171 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 266.00 8 T27-1 4-19cm bsFill 1 I 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.22 gm 1
267.00 8 T27-1 4-19cm bsFill 1 I 3 quartz flake 1
268.00 8 T27-1 4-19cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz flake 1
269.00 8 T27-2 3-22cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz spoke shave 1 notch 270.00 8 T27-2 3-22cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
271.00 8 T27-2 3-22cm bsFill 1 I 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
272.00 8 T27-2 22-32cm bsFill 2 I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
273.00 8 T27-2 22-32cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
274.00 8 T27-2 22-32cm bsFill 2 I 1 hornfels flake 2
275.00 8 T27-2 37-64cm bsFill 3 I 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 3
276.00 8 T27-3 5-16cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
277.00 8 T27-3 5-16cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake 1
278.00 8 T27-3 5-16cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
279.00 8 T27-3 16-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz possible scraper retouch flake 2
280.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz projectile point midsection fragment 1 probable small stemmed 281.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
282.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 5 quartz flake 1
283.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
284.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
285.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
286.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 2
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 287.00 8 T27-4 4-24cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
288.00 8 T27-4 24-39cm bsFill 2 I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
289.00 8 T27-4 24-39cm bsFill 2 I 1 hornfels flake 2
290.00 8 T27-4 24-39cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
291.00 8 T27-4 24-39cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz flake fragment 2
292.00 8 T27-5 4-12cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake 1
293.00 8 T27-5 4-12cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
294.00 8 T27-5 4-12cm bsFill 1 I 4 gray rhyolite flake 1
295.00 8 T27-5 4-12cm bsFill 1 I 1 hornfels flake 1
296.00 8 T27-5 12-30cm bsFill 2 I 4 hornfels flake 2
297.00 8 T27-5 12-30cm bsFill 2 I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
298.00 8 T27-7 2-14cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 3 gray rhyolite flake 1
299.00 8 T27-7 2-14cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
300.00 8 T27-7 2-14cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray rhyolite flake fragment 1
301.00 8 T27-7 2-14cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz flake 1
302.00 8 T27-7 14-28cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? I 2 quartz flake 2
303.00 8 T27-7 14-28cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? I 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
304.00 8 T27-7 14-28cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? I 2 gray rhyolite flake 2
305.00 8 T27-7 14-28cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
306.00 8 T27-7 28-38cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 3
307.00 8 T27-7 38-48cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 4 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 3
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 308.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.20 gm 1
309.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
310.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
311.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
312.00 8 T27-8 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
313.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz core 1 or cobble 314.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
315.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
316.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
317.00 8 T27-9 3-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
318.00 8 T27-9 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
319.00 8 T27-9 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
320.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz large angular debris 1
321.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small angular debris 1
322.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
323.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
324.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
325.00 8 T27-10 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
326.00 8 T27-10 14-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz flake 2
327.00 8 T27-11 3-12cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
328.00 8 T27-11 3-12cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 4
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 329.00 8 T27-11 3-12cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
330.00 8 T27-12 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 3 hornfels flake 1
331.00 8 T27-12 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz flake 1
332.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
333.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
334.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
335.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz flake 1
336.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
337.00 8 T27-13 4-21cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
338.00 8 T27-14 4-14cm bsFill 1 I 4 quartz flake 1
339.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 6 quartz flake 2
340.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
341.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz biface thinning flake 2
342.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 2
343.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
344.00 8 T27-14 14-28cm bsFill 2 I 1 hornfels flake 2
345.00 8 T28-1 4-20cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake 1
346.00 8 T28-1 4-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz biface fragment 1
347.00 8 T28-1 4-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
348.00 8 T28-1 4-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
349.00 8 T28-1 20-30cm bsFill 2 I 5 red-brown rhyolite flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 5
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 350.00 8 T28-1 20-30cm bsFill 2 I 1 mudstone bifacial retouch flake 2
351.00 8 T28-2 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz flake 1
352.00 8 T28-2 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz modified cobble 1
353.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
354.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
355.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
356.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
357.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 gray rhyolite flake 1
358.00 8 T28-3 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
359.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
360.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz large angular debris 1
361.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
362.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz flake 1
363.00 8 T28-4 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz scraper 1
364.00 8 T28-4 31-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
365.00 8 T28-4 31-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 quartz flake 2
366.00 8 T28-5 30-35cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz flake 1
367.00 8 T28-5 30-35cm bsFill 2 I 1 opaque white/milk glass button fragment 1
368.00 8 T28-6 4-20cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
369.00 8 T28-6 4-20cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
370.00 8 T28-6 4-20cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 3 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 6
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 371.00 8 T28-7 4-17cm bsFill 1 I 1 hornfels flake 1
372.00 8 T28-7 4-17cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite large angular debris 1
373.00 8 T28-7 4-17cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite possible Rossville projectile point 1
374.00 8 T28-7 17-30cm bsFill 2? I 1 quartz flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 Phase I 03/01/13
Material Total Lithic 333 Historic Ceramic 1 Glass 1
Total Artifacts: 335 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Phase I Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic chalcedony bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic chert biface thinning flake 1 Lithic chert bifacial retouch flake 2 Lithic chert flake 2 Lithic chert microflake 1 Lithic crystal quartz flake 3 Lithic hornfels modified cobble 1 Lithic hornfels biface thinning flake 5 Lithic hornfels bifacial retouch flake 6 Lithic hornfels flake 25 Lithic hornfels large flake 1 Lithic hornfels possible flake 1 Lithic hornfels primary reduction flake 1 Lithic hornfels small angular debris 1 Lithic hornfels tablet 1 Lithic mudstone flake 1 Lithic mudstone biface 2 Lithic possible chert flake 1 Lithic possible chert primary reduction flake 1 Lithic possible hornfels primary reduction flake 1 Lithic possible slate flake 1 Lithic quartz biface reduction flake 2 Lithic quartz biface thinning flake 1 Lithic quartz bifacial retouch flake 21 Lithic quartz chunk 1 Lithic quartz flake 62 Lithic quartz large angular debris 1 Lithic quartz large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic quartz primary reduction flake 6 Lithic quartz small angular debris 14 Lithic quartz small primary reduction debris 2 Lithic quartz biface 5 Lithic quartz possible wedge 1 Lithic quartz projectile point 1 Lithic quartz scraper 1 Lithic quartz utilized angular debris 1 Lithic quartz utilized flake 2 Lithic quartz utilized primary cobble reduction 1 Lithic quartzite flake 3 Lithic rhyolite biface reduction flake 1 Lithic rhyolite biface thinning flake 9 Lithic rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 46 Lithic rhyolite flake 63 Lithic rhyolite large flake 2 Lithic rhyolite microflake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Phase I Page 2
Material Description Count Lithic rhyolite possible flake 1 Lithic rhyolite primary reduction flake 3 Lithic rhyolite small angular debris 1 Lithic rhyolite biface 2 Lithic rhyolite flake knife 1 Lithic rhyolite knife 1 Lithic rhyolite possible utilized flake 1 Lithic rhyolite projectile point 2 Lithic rhyolite retouched flake 1 Lithic unidentified lithic nutting stone 1 Lithic unidentified lithic primary reduction flake 2 Lithic unidentified lithic unidentified groundstone 1 Lithic unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 9 Historic Ceramic red earthenware clear lead glaze 1 Glass green window glass 1
Total Artifacts: 335 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 12.00 9 T16-6 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface reduction flake 1
13.00 9 T16-7 3-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
14.00 9 T16-7 3-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
15.00 9 T16-8 6-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
16.00 9 T16-8 6-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic unidentified groundstone 1 fragment with striations 17.00 Artifact ( 1 mottle decorated Staffordshire sherd )
18.00 Artifact ( 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd ) reassigned to Site Mars2 ( Locus 9 ) 19.00 9 T16-9 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
20.00 9 T16-9 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
21.00 9 T16-9 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite large flake w/ cortex 1
22.00 9 T16-9 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels bifacial retouch flake 1
23.00 9 T16-9 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels biface thinning flake 1
24.00 9 T16-9 32-42cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 3 hornfels flake 2
25.00 9 T16-9 32-42cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
26.00 9 T16-10 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Saugus 27.00 9 T16-11 7-34cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
28.00 9 T16-11 7-34 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
29.00 9 T16-11 7-34cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
30.00 9 T16-11 7-34 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
31.00 9 T17-7 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 2
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 32.00 9 T17-7 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
33.00 9 T17-7 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 black chert flake w/ potlid fractures 1
34.00 9 T17-7 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
35.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels biface thinning flake 1 possibly utilized 36.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
37.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz biface fragment 1 thick, battered edge 38.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
39.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
40.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray-green rhyolite flake fragment 1
41.00 9 T17-8 4-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite possible flake w/ patination 1
42.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
43.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray-green rhyolite flake fragment 2
44.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
45.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
46.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 possible slate flake 2 recent break; 2 fragments refit to form 1 flake 47.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 hornfels modified cobble fragment 2
48.00 9 T17-8 38-48cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz flake 2 core reduction 49.00 9 T17-8 48-58cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 hornfels flake 3
50.00 9 T17-9 5-33cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
51.00 9 T17-9 5-33cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
52.00 9 T17-9 5-33cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic nutting stone fragment 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 3
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 53.00 9 T17-9 33-43cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 hornfels flake 2
54.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite flake fragment 1
55.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
56.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 6 hornfels flake 1
57.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
58.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
59.00 9 T17-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz utilized flake 1
60.00 9 T17-11 6-15cm bsAp (Plowzone)1 I 3 gray rhyolite flake 1
61.00 9 T17-11 6-15cm bsAp (Plowzone)1 I 2 quartz flake 1
62.00 9 T17-11 15-25cm bsAp (Plowzone)2 I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
63.00 9 T17-11 15-25cm bsAp (Plowzone)2 I 1 quartz biface fragment 2 small 64.00 9 T17-11 15-25cm bsAp (Plowzone)2 I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
65.00 9 T17-11 25-35cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 3
66.00 9 T17-11 25-35cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz small angular debris 3
67.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
68.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
69.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
70.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels biface thinning flake 1
71.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 chalcedony bifacial retouch flake 1
72.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz chunk 1
73.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz small angular debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 4
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 74.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
75.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
76.00 9 T18-6 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
77.00 9 T18-6 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
78.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
79.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 5 gray rhyolite flake 1
80.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite biface thinning flake proximal 1 fragment 81.00 9 T18-7 6-35 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
82.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
83.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
84.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartzite flake 1
85.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz flake 1
86.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
87.00 9 T18-7 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock fragment 25.20 gm 1
88.00 9 T18-7 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 mudstone biface fragment 2
89.00 9 T18-7 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
90.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake fragment 1
91.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite flake 1
92.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
93.01 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
93.02 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 mudstone flake fragment 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 5
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 93.03 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartzite flake fragment 1
94.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels flake w/ cortex 1 refit 95.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small angular debris 1
96.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
97.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz utilized flake 1
98.00 9 T18-8 8-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
99.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz biface fragment 2 small 100.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 2
101.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 red rhyolite possible utilized flake 2 may be recent damage; possible Saugus 102.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
103.00 9 T18-8 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
104.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake proximal fragment 1
105.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
106.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz small angular debris 1
107.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 crystal quartz flake 1
108.00 9 T18-9 5-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 7 quartz flake 1
109.00 9 T18-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
110.00 9 T18-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels small angular debris 1
111.00 9 T18-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite retouched flake 1 primary reduction 112.00 9 T18-10 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 beige rhyolite flake w/ cortex 1
113.00 9 T18-11 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 6
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 114.00 9 T18-11 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
115.00 9 T18-11 20-32cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 red rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 Saugus 116.00 9 T18-11 20-32cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 2 quartz flake 2
117.00 9 T18-11 20-32cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz biface thinning flake 2
118.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz Squibnocket triangle projectile point base Late Archaic 1 fragment 119.00 9 T19-6 3-42 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz large angular debris 1
120.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
121.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
122.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 gray rhyolite flake 1
123.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
124.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 hornfels flake 1
125.00 9 T19-6 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 black possible chert primary reduction flake 1 unidentified fine-grained material from glacial pebble source 126.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite large flake 1
127.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
128.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
129.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
130.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
131.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 1
132.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray chert bifacial retouch flake 1
133.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray chert biface thinning flake 1
134.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 chert microflake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 7
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 135.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
136.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
137.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 quartz flake 1
138.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz possible wedge fragment 1 possible battered biface fragment 139.00 9 T19-7 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock fragment 40.68 gm 1
140.00 9 T19-7 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz flake 2
141.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake knife fragment 1
142.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
143.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
144.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
145.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake proximal fragment 1
146.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
147.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
148.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite small angular debris 1
149.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 chert bifacial retouch flake 1
150.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 possible hornfels primary reduction flake 1
151.01 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels flake 1
151.02 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
152.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz biface reduction flake 1
153.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
154.00 9 T19-8 5-39cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 5 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 8
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 155.00 9 T19-8 39-49cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
156.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz scraper fragment 1
157.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
158.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 quartz flake 1
159.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
160.00 9 T19-9 6-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
161.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz utilized primary cobble reduction fragment 1
162.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
163.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz biface reduction flake 1
164.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz flake 1
165.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
166.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
167.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite Merrimack-like projectile point 1 whole stem not ground, base platform still evident, may be Early Woodland stemmed form 168.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 39.50 gm 1 cobble fragment 169.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic primary reduction flake 1
170.00 9 T19-10 4-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic primary reduction flake 1 possibly utilized 171.00 9 T19-10 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
172.00 9 T19-10 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
173.00 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
174.00 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 1 hornfels bifacial retouch flake 1
175.00 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 4 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 9
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 176.00 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 1 quartz flake 1
177.01 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
177.02 9 T20-4 4-18cm bsRedeposited Ap I 1 quartz utilized angular debris 1
178.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
179.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
180.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 2 quartz flake 2
181.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 possibly burnt, or heat treated 182.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
183.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 2
184.00 9 T20-4 18-35cm bsRedeposited Ap/B21 I 1 gray-black rhyolite knife 2 bifacailly edged 185.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 green chert flake 1
186.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 possible chert flake w/ patination 1
187.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
188.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
189.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
190.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
191.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 4 quartz flake 1
192.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
193.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
194.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red quartzite flake 1 probably burned 195.00 9 T20-5 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 22.20 gm 1 pebble Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 10
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 196.00 9 T20-5 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 red earthenware clear lead glaze sherd 2
197.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
198.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
199.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
200.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
201.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
202.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 Saugus 203.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray rhyolite untyped small stemmed projectile point 1 without tip small 204.00 9 T20-6 4-40 cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels large flake 1
205.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 3 hornfels bifacial retouch flake 1
206.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels flake 1
207.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels primary reduction flake 1
208.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels tablet 1
209.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz biface fragment 1
210.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 4 quartz flake 1
211.00 9 T20-6 4-40cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
212.00 9 T20-6 40-60cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 2 gray rhyolite flake 2
213.00 9 T20-6 40-60cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
214.00 9 T20-6 40-60cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels flake w/ cortex 2
215.00 9 T20-6 40-60cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 green window glass fragment 2
216.00 9 T20-6 60-80cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels possible flake 3 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 11
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 217.00 9 T20-6 60-80cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 hornfels flake w/ cortex 3
218.00 9 T20-6 60-80cm bsRedeposited Ap/Fill I 1 quartz flake 3
219.00 Artifact ( 1 iron nail whole ) reassigned to Site Mars3 ( Locus 9 ) 220.00 9 T20-7 4-35 cm bsFill 1 I 2 quartz flake 1
221.00 9 T20-7 4-35cm bsFill 1 I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake proximal 1 fragment 222.00 9 T21-8 7-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
223.00 9 T21-8 7-32cm bs Ap (Plowzone) I 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
224.00 9 T22-3 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface tip fragment 1
225.00 9 T22-5 4-19cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz biface 1
226.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
227.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels biface thinning flake w/ cortex 1
228.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
229.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
230.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red rhyolite flake 1 Saugus 231.00 9 T22-7 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 62.08 gm 1
232.00 9 T22-7 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
233.00 9 T22-7 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2 purple 234.01 9 A14 5-32 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
234.02 9 A14 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 gray rhyolite biface fragment 1 small Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 Phase I 03/01/13
Material Total Lithic 46
Total Artifacts: 46 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 03/01/13 Phase I Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic hornfels flake 6 Lithic hornfels possible flake 1 Lithic hornfels projectile point 1 Lithic possible spherulitic rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Lithic quartz chunk 1 Lithic quartz flake 5 Lithic quartz large angular debris 1 Lithic quartz small angular debris 5 Lithic quartz small primary reduction debris 1 Lithic rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 11 Lithic rhyolite flake 12 Lithic rhyolite small angular debris 1
Total Artifacts: 46 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 235.00 10 T26-1 10-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz flake 1
236.00 10 T26-1 62-77cm bsWetlands I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
237.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 red-brown rhyolite small angular debris burnt 1
238.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 6 gray rhyolite flake 1
239.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 4 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
240.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 hornfels untyped small stemmed projectile point 1 without tip 241.00 10 T26-2 4-34 cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 hornfels possible flake 1
242.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
243.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 3 quartz flake 1
244.00 10 T26-2 4-34cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz chunk 1
245.00 10 T26-2 34-44cm bsWetlands I 1 quartz small angular debris 2
246.00 10 T26-2 34-44cm bsWetlands I 2 gray rhyolite flake 2
247.00 10 T26-2 34-44cm bsWetlands I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
248.00 10 T26-2 34-44cm bsWetlands I 1 red rhyolite flake 2
249.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
250.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
251.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 cream rhyolite flake w/ patination 1
252.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 hornfels flake 1
253.00 10 T26-3 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 quartz large angular debris 1
254.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
255.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 2 hornfels flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 2
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 256.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake w/ cortex 1
257.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
258.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
259.00 10 T26-4 4-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 quartz flake 1
260.00 10 T26-4 30-50cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 possible spherulitic rhyolite biface thinning flake w/ 2 patination 261.00 10 T26-4 30-50 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 hornfels flake 2
262.00 10 T26-5 9-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
263.00 10 T26-5 9-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 hornfels flake 1
264.00 10 T26-6 20-32cm bsAp (Plowzone)? I 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
265.00 10 T26-6 32-45cm bsWetland I 1 quartz small angular debris 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, FS Phase I 03/01/13
Material Total Lithic 14 Historic Ceramic 29 Faunal 33 Metal 5 Glass 32 Historic Pipe 1
Total Artifacts: 114 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, FS 03/01/13 Phase I Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic quartz modified cobble 1 Lithic quartz bifacial retouch flake 2 Lithic quartz core 1 Lithic quartz flake 3 Lithic quartz primary reduction flake 3 Lithic quartz shatter 1 Lithic quartz small angular debris 1 Lithic quartzite biface thinning flake 1 Lithic rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Historic Ceramic red earthenware (no glaze) 2 Historic Ceramic ironstone 2 Historic Ceramic refined earthenware (no glaze) 1 Historic Ceramic refined earthenware (with glaze) 1 Historic Ceramic blue shell edged pearlware 1 Historic Ceramic Domestic salt glazed stoneware with Albany slip jar or pot 1 Historic Ceramic blue transfer printed whiteware 2 Historic Ceramic flow blue transfer printed whiteware 1 Historic Ceramic hand painted polychrome whiteware 1 Historic Ceramic untyped whiteware 17 Faunal eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 4 Faunal northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) 21 Faunal soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) 7 Faunal unidentified shell 1 Metal iron machine cut machine headed nail 1 Metal iron nail 3 Metal iron sheet 1 Glass blue-green window glass 1 Glass brown unidentified curved glass 1 Glass clear window glass 2 Glass clear unidentified curved glass 23 Glass green unidentified curved glass 3 Glass opaque white/milk unidentified curved glass 1 Glass purple glass unidentified container 1 Historic Pipe kaolin pipe 5/64 1
Total Artifacts: 114 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Mean Ceramic Date Report 03/01/13 Site: 19-PL-426, FS Page 1
Class Sum of Count Date Count*date Domestic salt glazed stoneware with Albany slip 1.00 1853 1853 blue shell edged pearlware 1.00 1805 1805 blue transfer printed whiteware 2.00 1860 3720 flow blue transfer printed whiteware 1.00 1870 1870 hand painted polychrome whiteware 1.00 1865 1865 ironstone 2.00 1857 3714 red earthenware (no glaze) 2.00 0 refined earthenware (no glaze) 1.00 0 refined earthenware (with glaze) 1.00 0 untyped whiteware 17.00 1860 31620
Mean Ceramic Date: 1858 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, FS 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 375.00 FS T13-3 20-27cm bsFill 1 I 1 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
376.00 FS T13-7 5-20cm bsFill 1 I 6 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 1
377.00 FS T13-10 3-25cm bsFill 1 I 4 soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) fragment 1 only a sample was collected 378.00 FS T13-10 3-25cm bsFill 1 I 3 eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fragment 1 only a sample was collected 379.00 FS T13-10 3-25cm bsFill 1 I 11 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 1 only a sample was collected 380.00 FS T13-11 0-20cm bsA0/Fill 1 I 4 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 1
381.00 FS T13-11 0-20cm bsA0/Fill 1 I 1 eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fragment 1
382.00 FS T13-11 0-20cm bsA0/Fill 1 I 3 soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) fragment 1
383.00 FS T13-15 28-40cm bsFill 3 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
384.00 FS T13-32 4-23cm bsFill 1 I 1 red-brown rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
385.00 FS T14-11 3-10cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
386.00 FS T14-27 5-30cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz shatter 1
387.00 FS T14-27 5-30cm bsFill 1 I 1 blue-green window glass fragment 1
388.00 FS T14-27 5-30cm bsFill 1 I 2 iron nail fragment 1
389.00 FS T14-28 20-30cm bsFill 1 I 1 ironstone 1813-1900+ 1
390.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 Domestic salt glazed stoneware with Albany slip jar 1805-1900 1 or pot rim sherd 391.00 FS T15-5 18-40 cm bsFill 2 I 2 untyped whiteware rim sherd 1820-1900+ 1 mends 392.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 2 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
393.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 blue transfer printed whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
394.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 ironstone sherd 1813-1900+ 1
395.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 refined earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, FS 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 2
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 396.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 refined earthenware (with glaze) sherd 1
397.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
398.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 1 opaque white/milk unidentified curved glass 1 fragment 399.00 FS T15-5 18-40 cm bsFill 2 I 1 green unidentified curved glass fragment 1
400.00 FS T15-5 18-40cm bsFill 2 I 8 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 1
401.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 11 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 2
402.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 2 green unidentified curved glass fragment 2
403.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 brown unidentified curved glass fragment 2
404.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 2
405.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 flow blue transfer printed whiteware sherd 1840-1900+ 2
406.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 6 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 2
407.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 iron nail fragment 2
408.00 FS T15-5 40-58cm bsFill 3 I 1 iron sheet fragment 2
409.00 FS T15-5 58-86cm bsFill 4/Meadow I 4 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 3
410.00 FS T15-5 58-86cm bsFill 4/Meadow I 1 clear window glass fragment 3
411.00 FS T15-5 58-86cm bsFill 4/Meadow I 1 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 3
412.00 FS T15-10 28-42cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) I 1 quartz flake 1
413.00 FS T15-11 20-35cm bsRedeposited B/Fill 1 I 1 quartz flake 1
414.00 FS T15-11 20-35cm bsRedeposited B/Fill 1 I 1 quartz modified cobble 1 may be non-cultural 415.00 FS T15-11 35-45cm bsFill 2 I 1 clear window glass fragment 2
416.00 FS T15-12 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)/Fill I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, FS 03/01/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 3
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 417.00 FS T15-12 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone)/Fill I 1 blue shell edged pearlware rim sherd 1780-1830 1
418.00 FS T15-22 0-20cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 I 1 hand painted polychrome whiteware sherd 1830-1900+ 1
419.00 FS T15-22 0-20cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
420.00 FS T15-22 20-40cm bsFill 1 I 1 untyped whiteware rim sherd 1820-1900+ 2
421.00 FS T15-22 20-40cm bsFill 1 I 1 iron machine cut machine headed nail fragment 2
422.00 FS T15-23 7-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 blue transfer printed whiteware base sherd 1820-1900+ 1
423.00 FS T29-7 5-20cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz small angular debris 1
424.00 FS T29-8 6-18cm bsRedeposited A/Fill I 1 quartzite biface thinning flake 1
425.00 FS T29-13 6-18cm bsFill 1 I 4 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1 mends 426.00 FS T32-4 0-20cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 I 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
427.00 FS T32-9 40-50cm bsFill 2 I 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
428.00 FS T46-1 35-45cm bsFill 2 I 1 purple glass unidentified container base fragment 1
429.00 FS T46-2 20-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 kaolin pipe 5/64 stem fragment 1
430.00 FS A9 0-8cm bsFill 1 I 1 quartz core fragment 1
431.00 FS A12 0-15cm bsFill 1 I 1 unidentified shell fragment 1
APPENDIX IV
Phase 2 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogues by Locus
240 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 7 Phase II 02/28/13
Material Total Lithic 1 Metal 1
Total Artifacts: 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 7 02/28/13 Phase II Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic quartz small angular debris 1 Metal cuprous disc 1
Total Artifacts: 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 7 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 432.00 7 N10W5 SW 10-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris w/ cortex 1
433.00 7 N10W1 NW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 cuprous disc fragment 1 worn smooth; possible coin or token; with attached iron corrosion Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 Phase II 02/28/13
Material Total Lithic 1175 Historic Ceramic 3 Faunal 4 Metal 2 Glass 1 Other Historic 1
Total Artifacts: 1186 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Phase II Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic argillite biface thinning flake 1 Lithic argillite flake 5 Lithic argillite scraper 1 Lithic crystal quartz bifacial retouch flake 2 Lithic crystal quartz flake 28 Lithic crystal quartz large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic crystal quartz microflake 18 Lithic crystal quartz shatter 1 Lithic crystal quartz small angular debris 1 Lithic crystal quartz biface 1 Lithic felsite flake 2 Lithic felsite biface 1 Lithic felsite chopper 1 Lithic hornfels flake 1 Lithic jasper bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic possible hornfels flake 1 Lithic possible jasper flake 2 Lithic possible quartzite flake 2 Lithic possible quartzite primary reduction flake 1 Lithic possible rhyolite flake 3 Lithic possible rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic possible sandstone thick flake 1 Lithic possible shale flake 1 Lithic possible shale large angular debris 1 Lithic quartz modified pebble 1 Lithic quartz biface reduction flake 2 Lithic quartz biface thinning flake 1 Lithic quartz bifacial retouch flake 8 Lithic quartz chunk 2 Lithic quartz flake 457 Lithic quartz large angular debris 10 Lithic quartz large flake 2 Lithic quartz large primary reduction debris 6 Lithic quartz micro core 1 Lithic quartz microflake 184 Lithic quartz notched flake 1 Lithic quartz primary reduction flake 55 Lithic quartz primary reduction microflake 2 Lithic quartz shatter 18 Lithic quartz small angular debris 64 Lithic quartz small primary reduction debris 16 Lithic quartz thick flake 24 Lithic quartz unifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic quartz biface 3 Lithic quartz end scraper 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Phase II Page 2
Material Description Count Lithic quartz flake knife 1 Lithic quartz possible biface 1 Lithic quartz possible micro-drill 1 Lithic quartz possible utilized thick flake 1 Lithic quartz preform 1 Lithic quartz projectile point 5 Lithic quartz retouched flake 3 Lithic quartz retouched large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic quartz scraper 1 Lithic quartz scraper-like tool or core 1 Lithic quartz utilized angular debris 5 Lithic quartzite bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic quartzite flake 13 Lithic quartzite large primary reduction debris 2 Lithic quartzite primary reduction flake 9 Lithic quartzite thick flake 1 Lithic quartzite projectile point 1 Lithic rhyolite biface reduction flake 3 Lithic rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 22 Lithic rhyolite flake 96 Lithic rhyolite large flake 3 Lithic rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic rhyolite microflake 14 Lithic rhyolite primary reduction flake 13 Lithic rhyolite shatter 1 Lithic rhyolite small primary reduction debris 1 Lithic rhyolite thick flake 1 Lithic rhyolite biface 2 Lithic rhyolite chopper 1 Lithic rhyolite possible utilized flake 1 Lithic rhyolite projectile point 2 Lithic rhyolite retouched large flake 1 Lithic shale flake 16 Lithic shale large angular debris 1 Lithic shale possible flake 2 Lithic shale primary reduction flake 2 Lithic shale small angular debris 1 Lithic unidentified lithic possible flake 2 Lithic unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 3 Historic Ceramic red earthenware brown lead glaze 1 Historic Ceramic untyped pearlware 2 Faunal northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) 1 Faunal unidentified calcined bone 3 Metal iron nail 1 Metal iron screw 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Phase II Page 3
Material Description Count Glass green glass case bottle 1 Other Historic brick 1
Total Artifacts: 1186 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Mean Ceramic Date Report 02/28/13 Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 Page 1
Class Sum of Count Date Count*date red earthenware brown lead glaze 1.00 0 untyped pearlware 2.00 1810 3620
Mean Ceramic Date: 1810 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 867.00 8 N0E5 SW 0-15cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
868.00 8 N0E5 SW 0-15cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz chunk 1 crushed margins 869.00 8 N0E5 SW 15-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
870.00 8 N0E15 SW 0-17cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
871.00 8 N0E15 SW 0-17cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1 with inclusions 872.00 8 N0E15 SW 0-17cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz flake 1
873.00 8 N0E15 SW 0-17cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz microflake 1
874.00 8 N0E15 SW 17-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 argillite scraper 2 large 875.00 8 N0E15 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 3
876.00 8 N0E25 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 quartz flake 1
877.00 8 N0E25 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large angular debris w/ cortex 1
878.00 8 N0E25 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite flake 1 very fine 879.00 8 N0E25 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite biface fragment 1
880.00 8 N0E25 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz thick flake 2
881.00 8 N0E25 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 2
882.00 8 N0E25 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 crystal quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
883.00 8 N0E25 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartzite thick flake 2 very fine 884.00 8 N0E25 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartzite bifacial retouch flake 2
885.00 8 N0E25 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz flake 3
886.00 8 N0E25 SW 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 4
887.00 8 N0E35 SW 0-16cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 1.24 gm 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 2
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 888.00 8 N0E35 SW 0-16cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
889.00 8 N0E35 SW 0-16cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
890.00 8 N0E35 SW 0-16cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
891.00 8 N0E35 SW 0-16cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 crystal quartz flake 1
892.00 8 N0E35 SW 0-16cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1
893.00 8 N0E35 SW 0-16cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 1
894.00 8 N0E35 SW 0-16cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
895.00 8 N0E35 SW 0-16cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible shale large angular debris 1
896.00 8 N0E35 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 2
897.00 8 N0E45 SW 5-18cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz utilized angular debris 1 wedge-like 898.00 8 N0E55 SW 4-12cm bsFill 1 II 1 quartz Rossville projectile point Early 1 Woodland
899.00 8 N0E55 SW 4-12cm bsFill 1 II 1 quartz small angular debris w/ cortex 1
900.00 8 N0E55 SW 4-12cm bsFill 1 II 4 quartz flake 1
901.00 8 N0E55 SW 4-12cm bsFill 1 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
902.00 8 N0E55 SW 80-95cm bsFill 3 II 3 quartz flake 2
903.00 8 N0W5 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
904.00 8 N0W5 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1
905.00 8 N0W5 SW 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 2
906.00 8 N0W5 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red rhyolite primary reduction flake 3 possible Saugus 907.00 8 N3E0 NW surfaceII 1 quartz flake 1
908.00 8 N5E0 SW 0-17cm bsDuff/Disturbed Ap? II 1 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 3
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 909.00 8 N5E0 SW 0-17cm bsDuff/Disturbed Ap? II 3 quartz small angular debris 1
910.00 8 N5E0 SW 0-17cm bsDuff/Disturbed Ap? II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
911.00 8 N5E0 SW 17-26cm bsB22/Disturbed Ap? II 1 quartz flake 2
912.00 8 N5E0 SW 17-26cm bsB22/Disturbed Ap? II 1 red rhyolite flake 2 Saugus 913.00 8 N5E5 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
914.00 8 N5E5 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1
915.00 8 N5E5 SW 10-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 2
916.00 8 N5E5 SW 10-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
917.00 8 N5E10 SW 5-13cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
918.00 8 N5E10 SW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 2
919.00 8 N5E10 SW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz possible micro-drill 2 appears worked on ends 920.00 8 N5E15 SW 5-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 crystal quartz flake 1
921.00 8 N5E15 SW 5-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
922.00 8 N5E15 SW 5-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
923.00 8 N5E15 SW 5-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
924.00 8 N5E25 SW 0-15cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
925.00 8 N5E25 SW 0-15cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz microflake 1
926.00 8 N5E25 SW 0-15cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz shatter 1
927.00 8 N5E25 SW 0-15cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz thick flake 1
928.00 8 N5E25 SW 15-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz biface reduction flake 2
929.00 8 N5E40 SW 5-10cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 4
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 930.00 8 N5E45 SW 5-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
931.00 8 N5E45 SW 5-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
932.00 8 N5E50 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1
933.00 8 N5E50 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
934.00 8 N5E55 SW 5-13cm bsFill 1 II 1 hornfels flake 1
935.00 8 N10E5 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Disturbed Ap? II 2 quartz flake 1
936.00 8 N10E5 SW 20-30cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil)? II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
937.00 8 N10E15 SW 0-24cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 quartz flake 1
938.00 8 N10E15 SW 0-24cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
939.00 8 N10E25 SW 0-15cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
940.00 8 N10E25 SW 0-15cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 gray possible rhyolite flake 1
941.00 8 N10E25 SW 0-15cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 quartz retouched large primary reduction debris 1 failed preform 942.00 8 N10E25 SW 0-15cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 quartz large angular debris 1
943.00 8 N10E25 SW 0-15cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 2 crystal quartz flake 1
944.00 8 N10E25 SW 0-15cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 2 quartz flake 1
945.00 8 N10E25 SW 0-15cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
946.00 8 N10E25 SW 15-38cm bsFill 2 II 1 quartz thick flake 2
947.00 8 N10E25 SW 15-38cm bsFill 2 II 1 quartz flake 2
948.00 8 N10E25 SW 15-38cm bsFill 2 II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
949.00 8 N10E25 SW 15-38cm bsFill 2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
950.00 8 N10E35 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 5
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 951.00 8 N10E35 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz microflake 1
952.00 8 N10E35 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 6 quartz flake 1
953.00 8 N10E35 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
954.00 8 N10E35 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 2.24 gm 1
955.00 8 N10E35 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite Rossville projectile point whole Early 1 Woodland
956.00 8 N10E35 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 crystal quartz flake 2
957.00 8 N10E35 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 6 quartz flake 2
958.00 8 N10E35 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake w/ cortex 2
959.00 8 N10E35 SW 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 3 quartz flake 3
960.00 8 N10E45 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 untyped pearlware sherd 1780-1840 1
961.00 8 N10E45 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz microflake 1
962.00 8 N10E45 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
963.00 8 N10E45 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
964.00 8 N10E45 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
965.00 8 N10E45 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 beige rhyolite shatter 1
966.00 8 N10E45 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite flake 1
967.00 8 N10E45 SW 0-29cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown possible jasper flake 1
968.00 8 N10E45 SW 29-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
969.00 8 N10E45 SW 29-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 argillite flake 2
970.00 8 N10E55 SW 0-31cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 2 quartz microflake 1
971.00 8 N10E55 SW 0-31cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 5 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 6
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 972.00 8 N10E55 SW 0-31cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
973.00 8 N10E55 SW 0-31cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 1 quartz large angular debris 1 possible failed preform 974.00 8 N10E55 SW 0-31cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 1 quartz thick flake 1
975.00 8 N10E55 SW 0-31cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
976.00 8 N10E55 SW 31-55cm bsFill 2? II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
977.00 8 N10W5 SW 0-24cm bsDuff/Disturbed Ap? II 2 quartz flake 1
978.00 8 N10W5 SW 0-24cm bsDuff/Disturbed Ap? II 1 red earthenware brown lead glaze sherd 1
979.00 8 N15E0 SW 10-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite thick flake 1
980.00 8 N15E0 SW 10-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray rhyolite flake 1
981.00 8 N15E0 SW 10-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
982.00 8 N15E5 SW 0-10cm bsA0 (Duff) II 1 gray rhyolite large flake 1
983.00 8 N15E5 SW 0-10cm bsA0 (Duff) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
984.00 8 N15E5 SW 0-10cm bsA0 (Duff) II 1 felsite flake 1 Saugus-like, but coarse 985.00 8 N15E5 SW 10-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 beige rhyolite biface reduction flake 2
986.00 8 N15E5 SW 10-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
987.00 8 N15E5 SW 10-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 2
988.00 8 N15E5 SW 10-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 2
989.00 8 N15E5 SW 10-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz small angular debris 2
990.00 8 N15E5 SW 10-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz possible biface fragment 2 possible failed preform 991.00 8 N15E5 SW 24-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz Bifurcate projectile point without tip Early 3 Kanawha-like Archaic
992.00 8 N15E5 SW 30-40 cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz flake 4 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 7
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 993.00 8 N15E5 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 4
994.00 8 N15E10 SW 10-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large angular debris 1
995.00 8 N15E10 SW 10-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
996.00 8 N15E10 SW 10-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz small angular debris 1
997.00 8 N15E10 SW 10-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 5 quartz flake 1
998.00 8 N15E10 SW 10-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 crystal quartz microflake 1
999.00 8 N15E10 SW 10-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 shale flake 1
1,000.00 8 N15E10 SW 10-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,001.00 8 N15E10 SW 10-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,002.00 8 N15E10 SW 10-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,003.00 8 N15E10 SW 26-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
1,004.00 8 N15E10 SW 26-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite chopper fragment 2 or large biface fragment 1,005.00 8 N15E10 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz flake 3
1,006.00 8 N15E15 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.22 gm 1
1,007.00 8 N15E15 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,008.00 8 N15E15 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
1,009.00 8 N15E15 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 argillite biface thinning flake 1
1,010.00 8 N15E15 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,011.00 8 N15E15 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 felsite biface weathered 1 possible Early Woodland teardrop 1,012.00 8 N15E15 SW 23-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
1,013.00 8 N15E20 SW 6-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 8
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,014.00 8 N15E20 SW 6-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz thick flake 1
1,015.00 8 N15E20 SW 6-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,016.00 8 N15E20 SW 25-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 2
1,017.00 8 N15E20 SW 25-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
1,018.00 8 N15E25 SW 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray quartzite flake 1
1,019.00 8 N15E25 SW 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large angular debris 1
1,020.00 8 N15E25 SW 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 crystal quartz flake 1
1,021.00 8 N15E25 SW 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz Rossville projectile point whole Early 1 Woodland
1,022.00 8 N15E25 SW 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,023.00 8 N15E25 SW 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,024.00 8 N15E25 SW 6-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,025.00 8 N15E30 SW 7-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,026.00 8 N15E30 SW 7-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,027.00 8 N15E30 SW 7-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,028.00 8 N15E30 SW 7-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,029.00 8 N15E30 SW 7-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,030.00 8 N15E30 SW 7-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 crystal quartz flake 1
1,031.00 8 N15E30 SW 7-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 crystal quartz microflake 1
1,032.00 8 N15E35 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,033.00 8 N15E35 SW 5-28cm bs Ap (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
1,034.00 8 N15E40 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 9
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,035.00 8 N15E40 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz flake 2
1,036.00 8 N15E45 SW 0-21cm bsA0/Ap/Meadow1? II 2 quartz small angular debris 1
1,037.00 8 N15E45 SW 0-21cm bsA0/Ap/Meadow1? II 2 quartz flake 1
1,038.00 8 N15E50 SW 0-25cm bsA0/Ap/Meadow1 II 1 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 Saugus 1,039.00 8 N15E50 SW 0-25cm bsA0/Ap/Meadow1 II 2 quartz flake 1
1,040.00 8 N15E55 SW 0-28cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 1 crystal quartz large primary reduction debris 1
1,041.00 8 N15E55 SW 0-28cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 2 crystal quartz flake 1
1,042.00 8 N15E55 SW 0-28cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 1 crystal quartz shatter 1
1,043.00 8 N15E55 SW 0-28cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1? II 1 crystal quartz microflake 1
1,044.00 8 N15E55 SW 28-40cm bsFill 2? II 1 crystal quartz flake 2
1,045.00 8 N19E0 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite untyped small stemmed projectile point 1 without tip possible drill; base suggest Rossville association 1,046.00 8 N19E0 SW 20-30 cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 green glass case bottle body fragment 2
1,047.00 8 N19E0 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
1,048.00 8 N19E0 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
1,049.00 8 N19E0 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 2
1,050.00 8 N19E0 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 2
1,051.00 8 N19E0 SW 30-40cm bs B21/C II 1 black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3
1,052.00 8 N19E5 SW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz flake 1
1,053.00 8 N19E5 SW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite large flake 1
1,054.00 8 N19E5 SW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,055.00 8 N19E5 SW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite possible utilized flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 10
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,056.00 8 N19E5 SW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,057.00 8 N19E5 SW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,058.00 8 N19E5 SW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake w/ cortex 1
1,059.00 8 N19E5 SW 23-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
1,060.00 8 N19E10 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz shatter 1
1,061.00 8 N19E10 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,062.00 8 N19E10 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,063.00 8 N19E10 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 crystal quartz flake 1
1,064.00 8 N19E10 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite flake 1
1,065.00 8 N19E10 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible sandstone thick flake 1
1,066.00 8 N19E10 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,067.00 8 N19E10 SW 28-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 2
1,068.00 8 N19E10 SW 28-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz microflake 2
1,069.00 8 N18E15 NW 0-17cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 quartz flake 1
1,070.00 8 N18E15 NW 0-17cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,071.00 8 N18E15 NW 0-17cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,072.00 8 N18E15 NW 0-17cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 red-brown rhyolite microflake 1
1,073.00 8 N18E15 NW 17-36cm bsBuried Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite biface fragment 2
1,074.00 8 N18E15 NW 17-36cm bsBuried Ap II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 2
1,075.00 8 N18E15 NW 17-36cm bsBuried Ap II 1 quartz modified pebble 2
1,076.00 8 N18E20 NW 12-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 11
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,077.00 8 N18E20 NW 12-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,078.00 8 N18E25 NW 30-40cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1 II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,079.00 8 N19E30 SW 6-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large flake w/ cortex 1
1,080.00 8 N19E30 SW 6-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 5.24 gm 1
1,081.00 8 N19E30 SW 6-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface reduction flake 1
1,082.00 8 N19E30 SW 6-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 shale flake 1
1,083.00 8 N19E30 SW 29-35cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.54 gm 2
1,084.00 8 N19E35 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz thick flake 1
1,085.00 8 N19E35 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz unifacial retouch flake 1
1,086.00 8 N19E35 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,087.00 8 N19E35 SW 25-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 2
1,088.00 8 N19E35 SW 30-38cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 3
1,089.00 8 N19E35 SW 30-38cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake 3
1,090.00 8 N19E35 SW 30-38cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz micro core 3 possible Gulf of Maine Archaic 1,091.00 8 N19E35 SW 30-38cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz scraper-like tool or core 3 faceted crystal platform 1,092.00 8 N19E35 SW 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 4
1,093.00 8 N19E35 SW 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 3 quartz flake 4
1,094.00 8 N18E40 NW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz possible utilized thick flake 1 unifacial platform 1,095.00 8 N18E40 NW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz biface thinning flake 1
1,096.00 8 N18E40 NW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz primary reduction microflake 1
1,097.00 8 N18E40 NW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 12
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,098.00 8 N19E45 SW 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,099.00 8 N19E45 SW 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz small angular debris 1
1,100.00 8 N19E45 SW 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1
1,101.00 8 N19E45 SW 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz microflake 1
1,102.00 8 N19E45 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris thermally 2 altered refits 1,103.00 8 N19E50 SW 7-30 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,104.00 8 N19E50 SW 7-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz small angular debris 1
1,105.00 8 S5E0 SW 0-19cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz small angular debris 1
1,106.00 8 S5E0 SW 0-19cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz shatter 1
1,107.00 8 S5E0 SW 0-19cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
1,108.00 8 S5E0 SW 0-19cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 crystal quartz flake 1
1,109.00 8 S5E0 SW 0-19cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,110.00 8 S5E0 SW 19-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
1,111.00 8 S5E0 SW 19-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
1,112.01 8 S5E5 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1
1,112.02 8 S5E5 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz retouched flake 1
1,113.00 8 S5E5 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 1
1,114.00 8 S5E5 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz preform 1
1,115.00 8 S5E5 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz flake 1
1,116.00 8 S5E5 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,117.00 8 S5E5 SW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 13
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,118.00 8 S5E5 SW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
1,119.00 8 S5E5 SW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
1,120.00 8 S5E5 SW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
1,121.00 8 S5E5 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 3
1,122.00 8 S5E10 SW 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz retouched flake w/ cortex 1 possible early stage preform 1,123.00 8 S5E10 SW 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,124.00 8 S5E10 SW 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,125.00 8 S5E10 SW 3-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,126.00 8 S5E15 SW 3-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,127.00 8 S5E15 SW 3-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface reduction flake 1
1,128.00 8 S5E15 SW 3-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite flake 1 fine grained 1,129.00 8 S5E15 SW 3-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 crystal quartz microflake 1
1,130.00 8 S5E15 SW 3-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz flake 1
1,131.00 8 S5E15 SW 3-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz end scraper 1 spurred 1,132.00 8 S5E15 SW 3-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,133.00 8 S5E15 SW 3-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large flake 1
1,134.00 8 S5E15 SW 3-15cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz scraper 1 possible reworked projectile point 1,135.00 8 S5E15 SW 15-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 possible jasper flake 2 possible chalcedony 1,136.00 8 S5E15 SW 15-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
1,137.00 8 S5E15 SW 15-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz microflake 2
1,138.00 8 S5E15 SW 15-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 14
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,139.00 8 S5E20 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
1,140.00 8 S5E20 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1 split pebble 1,141.00 8 S5E20 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz small angular debris 1
1,142.01 8 S5E20 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 quartz flake 1
1,142.02 8 S5E20 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz notched flake 1
1,143.00 8 S5E20 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartzite flake 1 fine grained 1,144.00 8 S5E20 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible quartzite flake 1 possibly thermally altered 1,145.00 8 S5E20 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,146.00 8 S5E20 SW 14-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 4 quartz flake 2
1,147.00 8 S5E20 SW 14-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz microflake 2
1,148.00 8 S5E20 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 3
1,149.00 8 S5E20 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake 3
1,150.00 8 S5E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 quartz flake 1
1,151.01 8 S5E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz microflake 1
1,151.02 8 S5E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction microflake 1
1,152.00 8 S5E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,153.00 8 S5E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large angular debris 1
1,154.00 8 S5E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,155.00 8 S5E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible quartzite flake 1
1,156.00 8 S5E25 SW 10-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
1,157.00 8 S5E25 SW 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 3 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 15
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,158.00 8 S5E30 SW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,159.00 8 S5E30 SW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 quartz microflake 1
1,160.00 8 S5E30 SW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz small angular debris 1
1,161.00 8 S5E30 SW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,162.00 8 S5E30 SW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,163.00 8 S5E30 SW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale flake 1
1,164.00 8 S5E30 SW 11-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz flake 2
1,165.00 8 S5E30 SW 11-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz shatter 2
1,166.00 8 S5E30 SW 23cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake knife 3 large, bifacially edged 1,167.00 8 S5E35 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 felsite chopper 1
1,168.00 8 S5E35 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
1,169.00 8 S5E35 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz thick flake 1
1,170.00 8 S5E35 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz flake 1
1,171.00 8 S5E35 SW 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz microflake 1
1,172.00 8 S5E45 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
1,173.00 8 S5E45 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz flake 1
1,174.00 8 S5E45 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz shatter 1
1,175.00 8 S5E45 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz flake 1
1,176.00 8 S5E45 SW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,177.00 8 S5E50 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz projectile point without base 1 thick 1,178.00 8 S5E50 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 16
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,179.00 8 S5E50 SW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,180.00 8 S5E50 SW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 2
1,181.00 8 S5E55 SW 40-50cm bsFill 1 II 1 quartz Wading River projectile point base fragment Late Archaic 1
1,182.00 8 S5W5 SW 4-16cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.38 gm 1
1,183.00 8 S5W5 SW 4-16cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite flake 1 fine grained 1,184.00 8 S5W5 SW 4-16cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,185.00 8 S5W5 SW 4-16cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz flake 1
1,186.00 8 S5W5 SW 16-25cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 2
1,187.00 8 S5W5 SW 16-25cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 2
1,188.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,189.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
1,190.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large angular debris 1
1,191.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,192.01 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz thick flake 1
1,192.02 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz retouched flake 1
1,193.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 16 quartz flake 1
1,194.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 9 quartz microflake 1
1,195.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz utilized angular debris 1
1,196.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz end scraper 1 stemmed 1,197.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite Stark projectile point whole Middle 1 Archaic
1,198.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 shale flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 17
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,199.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,200.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,201.00 8 N10E34 SE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,202.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 iron nail fragment 2
1,203.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz primary reduction flake 2
1,204.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz small angular debris 2
1,205.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large angular debris 2
1,206.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz thick flake 2
1,207.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 10 quartz flake 2
1,208.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 13 quartz microflake 2
1,209.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 crystal quartz flake 2
1,210.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz biface 2 blunted base, possible lanceolate 1,211.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray rhyolite flake 2
1,212.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
1,213.00 8 N10E34 NE 0-30cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
1,214.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 3 fine grained 1,215.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible quartzite primary reduction flake 3
1,216.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible shale flake 3
1,217.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible rhyolite large primary reduction debris 3
1,218.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray rhyolite flake 3
1,219.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 18
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,220.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite retouched large flake 3
1,221.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large angular debris 3
1,222.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 3
1,223.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 quartz primary reduction flake 3
1,224.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 quartz microflake 3
1,225.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 9 quartz flake 3
1,226.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 brick fragment 0.80 gm 3
1,227.00 8 N10E34 NW 0-37cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 untyped pearlware sherd 1780-1840 3
1,228.00 8 N10E34 SW 0-35cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 4
1,229.00 8 N10E34 SW 0-35cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale flake 4
1,230.00 8 N10E34 SW 0-35cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 buff rhyolite microflake 4
1,231.00 8 N10E34 SW 0-35cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction debris 4
1,232.00 8 N10E34 SW 0-35cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 4
1,233.00 8 N10E34 SW 0-35cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz small angular debris 4
1,234.00 8 N10E34 SW 0-35cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 6 quartz microflake 4
1,235.00 8 N10E34 SW 0-35cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 quartz flake 4
1,236.00 8 N10E34 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 7 red-brown rhyolite microflake 5
1,237.00 8 N10E34 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 9 red-brown rhyolite flake 5
1,238.00 8 N10E34 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 29 quartz microflake 5
1,239.00 8 N10E34 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 18 quartz flake 5
1,240.00 8 N10E34 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 5 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 19
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,241.00 8 N10E34 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz thick flake 5
1,242.00 8 N10E34 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 5
1,243.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 6
1,244.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 6
1,245.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 6
1,246.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 red-brown rhyolite microflake 6
1,247.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 8 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 6
1,248.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 7 red-brown rhyolite flake 6
1,249.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 5 quartz shatter 6
1,250.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 4 quartz small angular debris 6
1,251.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz utilized angular debris 6
1,252.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake 6
1,253.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz primary reduction flake 6
1,254.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 8 quartz microflake 6
1,255.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 26 quartz flake 6
1,256.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz flake 6
1,257.00 8 N10E34 NE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 6 crystal quartz microflake 6
1,258.00 8 N10E34 NW 37-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz microflake 7
1,259.00 8 N10E34 NW 37-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 7 quartz flake 7
1,260.00 8 N10E34 NW 37-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite microflake 7
1,261.00 8 N10E34 NW 37-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 jasper bifacial retouch flake 7 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 20
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,262.00 8 N10E34 SW 35-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 8
1,263.00 8 N10E34 SW 35-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 8
1,264.00 8 N10E34 SW 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 9
1,265.00 8 N10E34 SW 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 quartz microflake 9
1,266.00 8 N10E34 SE 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 7 quartz flake 10
1,267.00 8 N10E34 SE 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 4 quartz microflake 10
1,268.00 8 N10E34 SE 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 10
1,269.00 8 N10E34 SE 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 10
1,270.00 8 N10E34 NE 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 11
1,271.00 8 N10E34 NE 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 7 quartz flake 11
1,272.00 8 N10E34 NE 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 4 quartz microflake 11
1,273.00 8 N10E34 NW 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 12
1,274.00 8 N10E34 NW 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 13
1,275.00 8 N10E34 NW 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite small primary reduction debris 13
1,276.00 8 N10E34 NE 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 14
1,277.00 8 N10E34 NE 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 3 quartz microflake 14
1,278.00 8 N10E34 NE 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 4 quartz flake 14
1,279.00 8 N10E34 NE 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 14
1,280.00 8 N10E34 SW 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 15
1,281.00 8 N10E34 SE 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 16
1,282.00 8 N10E34 SE 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 3 quartz microflake 16 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 21
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,283.00 8 N10E34 SE 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 16
1,284.00 8 N10E34 SE 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz biface fragment 16
1,285.00 8 N10E34 NW 60-70cm bsB22/C II 2 quartz flake 17
1,286.00 8 N10E34 NE 60-70cm bsB22/C II 2 quartz microflake 18
1,287.00 8 N10E34 SE 60-70cm bsB22/C II 1 quartz small angular debris 19
1,288.00 8 N10E34 SE 60-70cm bsB22/C II 1 crystal quartz microflake 19
1,289.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz biface fragment 1
1,290.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 28 quartz flake 1
1,291.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 9 quartz microflake 1
1,292.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz thick flake 1
1,293.01 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,293.02 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz utilized angular debris 1
1,294.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,295.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
1,296.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartzite flake 1
1,297.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 felsite flake 1
1,298.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 shale flake 1
1,299.00 8 S5E19 SW 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 argillite flake 1
1,300.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 shale flake 2
1,301.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2 purple 1,302.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 22
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,303.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
1,304.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartzite flake 2 fine grained 1,305.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 2
1,306.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 23 quartz flake 2
1,307.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz small angular debris 2
1,308.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz thick flake 2
1,309.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz microflake 2
1,310.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
1,311.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz biface reduction flake 2
1,312.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 2
1,313.00 8 S5E19 SE 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 iron screw whole 2 flat head 1,314.00 8 S5E19 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz microflake 3
1,315.00 8 S5E19 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 7 quartz flake 3
1,316.00 8 S5E19 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz chunk 3
1,317.00 8 S5E19 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 argillite flake 3
1,318.00 8 S5E19 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale primary reduction flake 3
1,319.00 8 S5E19 NW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 4
1,320.00 8 S5E19 NW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 4
1,321.00 8 S5E19 NW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale primary reduction flake 4
1,322.00 8 S5E19 NW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale large angular debris 4
1,323.00 8 S5E19 NW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 buff rhyolite flake 4 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 23
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,324.00 8 S5E19 NW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz small angular debris 4
1,325.00 8 S5E19 NW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 quartz microflake 4
1,326.00 8 S5E19 NW 0-13cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 8 quartz flake 4
1,327.00 8 S5E19 SW 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock fragment 117.34 gm 5
1,328.00 8 S5E19 SW 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite large flake 5
1,329.00 8 S5E19 SW 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake 5
1,330.00 8 S5E19 SW 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 5
1,331.00 8 S5E19 SW 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 5
1,332.00 8 S5E19 SW 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake 5
1,333.00 8 S5E19 SW 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 15 quartz microflake 5
1,334.00 8 S5E19 SW 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 62 quartz flake 5
1,335.00 8 S5E19 SE 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz small angular debris 6
1,336.00 8 S5E19 SE 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz large angular debris 6
1,337.00 8 S5E19 SE 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 6
1,338.00 8 S5E19 SE 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 4 quartz microflake 6
1,339.00 8 S5E19 SE 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 18 quartz flake 6
1,340.00 8 S5E19 SE 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 6
1,341.00 8 S5E19 SE 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartzite primary reduction flake 6 refits 1,342.00 8 S5E19 NE 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 7
1,343.00 8 S5E19 NE 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 7
1,344.00 8 S5E19 NE 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite flake 7 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 24
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,345.00 8 S5E19 NE 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 shale small angular debris 7
1,346.00 8 S5E19 NE 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 argillite flake 7
1,347.00 8 S5E19 NE 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz shatter 7
1,348.00 8 S5E19 NE 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz small angular debris 7
1,349.00 8 S5E19 NE 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 12 quartz flake 7
1,350.00 8 S5E19 NE 12-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 5 quartz microflake 7
1,351.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz shatter 8
1,352.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 4 quartz small angular debris 8
1,353.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 14 quartz flake 8
1,354.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 7 quartz microflake 8
1,355.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 8
1,356.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 8
1,357.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz biface fragment 8
1,358.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 8
1,359.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartzite flake 8
1,360.00 8 S5E19 NW 13-20cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 unidentified lithic possible flake 8
1,361.00 8 S5E19 NE 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 9
1,362.00 8 S5E19 NE 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz microflake 9
1,363.00 8 S5E19 SE 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 6 quartz microflake 10
1,364.00 8 S5E19 SE 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 9 quartz flake 10
1,365.00 8 S5E19 SE 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 10 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 25
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,366.00 8 S5E19 SE 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 shale flake 10
1,367.00 8 S5E19 NW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 11
1,368.00 8 S5E19 NW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 7 quartz flake 11
1,369.00 8 S5E19 NW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz microflake 11
1,370.00 8 S5E19 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 12
1,371.00 8 S5E19 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 11 quartz microflake 12
1,372.00 8 S5E19 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 15 quartz flake 12
1,373.00 8 S5E19 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake 12
1,374.00 8 S5E19 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz primary reduction flake 12
1,375.00 8 S5E19 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartzite flake 12
1,376.00 8 S5E19 NW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz microflake 13
1,377.00 8 S5E19 NW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 13
1,378.00 8 S5E19 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 5 quartz flake 14
1,379.01 8 S5E19 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 14
1,379.02 8 S5E19 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz utilized angular debris 14
1,380.00 8 S5E19 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 shale possible flake 15
1,381.00 8 S5E19 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz shatter 15
1,382.00 8 S5E19 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 15
1,383.00 8 S5E19 SW 40-50cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 quartz microflake 16
1,384.00 8 S5E19 SW 40-50cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 2 quartz shatter 16
1,385.00 8 S5E19 SW 40-50cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 16 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 8 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 26
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,386.00 8 S5E19 SW 40-50cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 16
1,387.00 8 S5E19 south 0-70cm bsAp/B21/B22/C II 2 quartz flake 17 1/2
1,388.00 8 S5E19 south 0-70cm bsAp/B21/B22/C II 1 quartz microflake 17 1/2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 Phase II 02/28/13
Material Total Lithic 1508 Historic Ceramic 40 Faunal 43 Metal 5 Glass 30 Historic Pipe 1
Total Artifacts: 1627 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Phase II Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic argillite bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic argillite cortical tabular 1 Lithic argillite flake 11 Lithic argillite large flake 1 Lithic argillite possible biface 1 Lithic chalcedony bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic chalcedony flake 1 Lithic chalcedony microflake 1 Lithic chert bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic chert flake 2 Lithic crystal quartz bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic crystal quartz core 2 Lithic crystal quartz flake 10 Lithic crystal quartz microflake 2 Lithic crystal quartz primary reduction flake 2 Lithic crystal quartz possible biface 1 Lithic crystal quartz scraper 1 Lithic felsite projectile point 1 Lithic hornfels biface thinning flake 1 Lithic hornfels flake 1 Lithic possible chert flake 2 Lithic possible hornfels bifacial retouch flake 2 Lithic possible hornfels flake 14 Lithic possible hornfels microflake 1 Lithic possible hornfels primary reduction flake 1 Lithic possible hornfels primary reduction large flake 1 Lithic possible quartzite flake 1 Lithic possible quartzite large angular debris 1 Lithic possible quartzite large primary reduction debris 3 Lithic possible quartzite fire cracked rock 1 Lithic possible rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2 Lithic possible rhyolite flake 13 Lithic possible rhyolite large primary reduction debris 2 Lithic possible rhyolite possible flake 1 Lithic possible rhyolite primary reduction flake 1 Lithic possible rhyolite small primary reduction debris 1 Lithic possible rhyolite fire cracked rock 2 Lithic possible shale flake 39 Lithic possible shale large primary reduction debris 2 Lithic possible shale large primary reduction flake 1 Lithic possible shale microflake 3 Lithic possible shale primary reduction flake 16 Lithic possible shale small angular debris 2 Lithic possible shale small primary reduction debris 1 Lithic possible shale flake knife 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Phase II Page 2
Material Description Count Lithic possible shale possible biface 1 Lithic possible shale fire cracked rock 2 Lithic quartz split pebble 1 Lithic quartz unmodified pebble 1 Lithic quartz biface reduction flake 1 Lithic quartz biface thinning flake 3 Lithic quartz bifacial retouch flake 5 Lithic quartz chunk 1 Lithic quartz core 5 Lithic quartz flake 291 Lithic quartz large angular debris 15 Lithic quartz large flake 1 Lithic quartz large primary reduction debris 10 Lithic quartz microflake 67 Lithic quartz possible core 1 Lithic quartz primary reduction flake 47 Lithic quartz scraper retouch flake 1 Lithic quartz shatter 24 Lithic quartz small angular debris 59 Lithic quartz small primary reduction debris 20 Lithic quartz thick flake 13 Lithic quartz biface 5 Lithic quartz possible utilized angular debris 1 Lithic quartz possible utilized flake 3 Lithic quartz preform 3 Lithic quartz projectile point 7 Lithic quartz retouched flake 1 Lithic quartz steep edged scraper 1 Lithic quartz utilized flake 2 Lithic quartz utilized large angular debris 1 Lithic quartz non cultural pebble 2 Lithic quartz split pebble 1 Lithic quartzite unmodified pebble 1 Lithic quartzite biface reduction flake 1 Lithic quartzite biface thinning flake 1 Lithic quartzite bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic quartzite core 1 Lithic quartzite flake 15 Lithic quartzite large flake 1 Lithic quartzite large primary reduction debris 11 Lithic quartzite microflake 1 Lithic quartzite primary reduction flake 3 Lithic quartzite small angular debris 1 Lithic quartzite small primary reduction debris 3 Lithic quartzite fire cracked rock 3 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Phase II Page 3
Material Description Count Lithic quartzite possibly non cultural 1 Lithic rhyolite unmodified pebble 1 Lithic rhyolite biface reduction flake 1 Lithic rhyolite biface thinning flake 16 Lithic rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 73 Lithic rhyolite core 4 Lithic rhyolite flake 384 Lithic rhyolite large biface reduction flake 1 Lithic rhyolite large flake 5 Lithic rhyolite large primary reduction debris 11 Lithic rhyolite large primary reduction flake 2 Lithic rhyolite microflake 39 Lithic rhyolite possible flake 1 Lithic rhyolite primary reduction flake 53 Lithic rhyolite shatter 2 Lithic rhyolite small angular debris 2 Lithic rhyolite small primary reduction debris 5 Lithic rhyolite thick flake 2 Lithic rhyolite biface 6 Lithic rhyolite bifacial core 1 Lithic rhyolite drill 1 Lithic rhyolite large utilized flake 1 Lithic rhyolite possible early-stage preform 1 Lithic rhyolite preform 2 Lithic rhyolite projectile point 4 Lithic rhyolite utilized flake 3 Lithic rhyolite fire cracked rock 2 Lithic shale flake 18 Lithic shale large angular debris 1 Lithic shale large core 1 Lithic shale large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic shale microflake 1 Lithic shale possible flake 2 Lithic shale primary reduction flake 17 Lithic shale small primary reduction debris 2 Lithic shale tablet 3 Lithic shale possible chopper 1 Lithic shale possible unidentified groundstone 1 Lithic slate possible flake 1 Lithic unidentified lithic possible flake 3 Lithic unidentified lithic primary reduction flake 1 Lithic unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 34 Lithic white quartzite primary reduction flake 1 Historic Ceramic red earthenware (no glaze) 8 Historic Ceramic red earthenware brown lead glaze 3 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Phase II Page 4
Material Description Count Historic Ceramic red earthenware clear lead glaze 1 Historic Ceramic untyped porcelain 6 Historic Ceramic blue transfer printed whiteware 12 Historic Ceramic untyped whiteware 10 Faunal northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) 3 Faunal soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) 11 Faunal unidentified gastropod shell 1 Faunal possible egg shell 3 Faunal unidentified calcined bone 14 Faunal unidentified non calcined bone 11 Metal brass rim fire cartridge post 1866 1 Metal brass shotgun shell casing 1 Metal iron nail 1 Metal iron can 1 Metal unidentified metal bottle cap 1 Glass blue-green unidentified curved glass 1 Glass brown modern bottle glass 3 Glass clear glass tumbler 1 Glass clear modern bottle glass 17 Glass clear unidentified curved glass 2 Glass green unidentified curved glass 2 Glass green unidentified flat glass 3 Glass unidentified color pharmaceutical glass 1 Historic Pipe kaolin pipe 1
Total Artifacts: 1627 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Mean Ceramic Date Report 02/28/13 Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 Page 1
Class Sum of Count Date Count*date blue transfer printed whiteware 12.00 1860 22320 red earthenware (no glaze) 8.00 0 red earthenware brown lead glaze 3.00 0 red earthenware clear lead glaze 1.00 0 untyped porcelain 6.00 0 untyped whiteware 10.00 1860 18600
Mean Ceramic Date: 1860 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,389.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1
1,390.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,391.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,392.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,393.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,394.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,395.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 brown rhyolite flake 1
1,396.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
1,397.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,398.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 5 quartz flake 1
1,399.00 9 N0E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 0.28 gm 1
1,400.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 7 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,401.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,402.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red rhyolite microflake 1 possible Saugus 1,403.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 buff rhyolite flake 1
1,404.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1 fine grained 1,405.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 hornfels flake 1 or shale 1,406.01 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,406.02 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz thick flake 1
1,407.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz microflake 1
1,408.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 2
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,409.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris fragment 1
1,410.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
1,411.00 9 N0E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 1
1,412.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,413.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,414.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,415.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite biface thinning flake proximal fragment 1
1,416.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite possible Neville projectile point 1 base fragment 1,417.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 shale possible flake 1
1,418.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 shale flake 1
1,419.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,420.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 slate possible flake 1
1,421.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 chalcedony flake 1
1,422.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 27.98 gm 1
1,423.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,424.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 5 quartz flake 1
1,425.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz small angular debris 1
1,426.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz shatter 1
1,427.00 9 N0E24 SE 3-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,428.00 9 N0E24 SE 42-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green quartz biface thinning flake 2
1,429.00 9 N0E30 SW 25-40cm bsAp/Disturbed II 1 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 3
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,430.00 9 N0E30 SW 25-40cm bsAp/Disturbed II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
1,431.00 9 N0W5 SW 6-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.14 gm 1
1,432.00 9 N0W5 SW 6-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
1,433.00 9 N0W5 SW 6-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake proximal 1 fragment 1,434.00 9 N0W5 SW 6-26 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,435.00 9 N0W5 SW 6-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,436.00 9 N0W5 SW 6-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,437.00 9 N0W5 SW 6-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1 may be non-cultural 1,438.00 9 N0W5 SW 6-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz small angular debris 1
1,439.00 9 N0W5 SW 6-26cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 12 quartz flake 1
1,440.00 9 N0W5 SW 26-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 2
1,441.00 9 N0W5 SW 26-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz shatter 2
1,442.00 9 N0W5 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 3
1,443.00 9 N0W5 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz shatter 3
1,444.00 9 N0W5 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.32 gm 3
1,445.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 crystal quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
1,446.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 5 quartz microflake 1
1,447.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 7 quartz flake 1
1,448.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
1,449.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz steep edged scraper 1
1,450.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite small angular debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 4
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,451.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
1,452.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,453.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 89.32 gm 1
1,454.00 9 N0W16 SE 14-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
1,455.00 9 N0W16 SE 31-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
1,456.00 9 N0W16 SE 31-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 4 quartz flake 2
1,457.00 9 N0W16 SE 31-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
1,458.00 9 N0W16 SE 31-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 2
1,459.00 9 N0W16 SE 31-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite large primary reduction debris 2
1,460.00 9 N0W16 SE 31-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
1,461.00 9 N0W16 SE 40-50cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 3
1,462.00 9 N0W25 SW 5-18cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
1,463.00 9 N0W25 SW 18-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
1,464.00 9 N0W35 SW 20-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 crystal quartz flake 1
1,465.00 9 N0W35 SW 20-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
1,466.00 9 N0W35 SW 20-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz shatter 1
1,467.00 9 N0W35 SW 20-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,468.00 9 N0W35 SW 20-24cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red possible rhyolite flake 1 possible Saugus 1,469.00 9 N5E0 SW 6-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,470.00 9 N5E0 SW 6-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1 refits 1,471.00 9 N5E0 SW 6-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 5
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,472.00 9 N5E0 SW 6-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.18 gm 1
1,473.00 9 N5E0 SW 22-39cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray-green rhyolite large primary reduction debris 2
1,474.00 9 N5E0 SW 22-39cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake fragment 2
1,475.00 9 N5E4 SE 5-30cm bsDisturbed II 3 quartz small angular debris 1
1,476.00 9 N5E4 SE 5-30cm bsDisturbed II 1 quartz biface fragment 1
1,477.00 9 N5E4 SE 5-30cm bsDisturbed II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,478.00 9 N5E4 SE 5-30cm bsDisturbed II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
1,479.00 9 N5E4 SE 5-30cm bsDisturbed II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
1,480.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz retouched flake fragment 1 possible early-stage preform 1,481.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz thick flake 1
1,482.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
1,483.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 1 large 1,484.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite core w/ cortex 1
1,485.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite thick flake 1
1,486.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1 micro 1,487.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
1,488.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake fragment 1
1,489.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
1,490.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite microflake 1
1,491.00 9 N5E10 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 shale primary reduction flake 1
1,492.00 9 N5E15 SW 6-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 6
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,493.00 9 N5E15 SW 6-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 green unidentified curved glass fragment 1
1,494.00 9 N5E15 SW 6-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 green unidentified curved glass fragment 1
1,495.00 9 N5E15 SW 6-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 quartz flake 1
1,496.00 9 N5E15 SW 6-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake proximal 1 fragment 1,497.00 9 N5E15 SW 6-40 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,498.00 9 N5E15 SW 6-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,499.00 9 N5E15 SW 6-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale flake 1
1,500.00 9 N5E15 SW 60-76cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.12 gm 2
1,501.00 9 N5E15 SW 60-76cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 2
1,502.00 9 N5E15 SW 60-76cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz core fragment 2
1,503.00 9 N5E15 SW 60-76cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 large, very fine-grained, heavily patinated 1,504.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 64.04 gm 1
1,505.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
1,506.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large angular debris 1 with crystal inclusions 1,507.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction flake 1
1,508.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite large flake 1
1,509.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite biface fragment 1 square-based 1,510.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite large biface reduction flake 1
1,511.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-green rhyolite flake 1 fine-grained 1,512.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
1,513.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown quartzite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 7
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,514.00 9 N5E20 SW 3-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 shale primary reduction flake 1
1,515.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz scraper retouch flake 1
1,516.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
1,517.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz microflake 1
1,518.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale microflake 1
1,519.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite utilized flake 1 fine-grained 1,520.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 cream rhyolite flake w/ patination 1
1,521.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 large 1,522.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
1,523.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,524.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite microflake 1
1,525.00 9 N5E30 SW 5-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,526.00 9 N5E30 SW 5-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
1,527.00 9 N5E30 SW 5-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite fire cracked rock 59.10 gm 1
1,528.00 9 N4E34 NE 4-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,529.00 9 N4E34 NE 4-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction flake 1
1,530.00 9 N5W5 SW 5-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
1,531.00 9 N5W5 SW 5-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,532.00 9 N5W5 SW 5-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,533.00 9 N5W5 SW 5-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,534.00 9 N5W5 SW 5-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 8
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,535.00 9 N5W11 SE 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.16 gm 1
1,536.00 9 N5W11 SE 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 26.34 gm 1
1,537.00 9 N5W11 SE 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz microflake 1
1,538.00 9 N5W11 SE 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 quartz flake 1
1,539.00 9 N5W11 SE 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,540.00 9 N5W11 SE 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite fire cracked rock 12.82 gm 1
1,541.00 9 N5W11 SE 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,542.00 9 N5W15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,543.00 9 N5W15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,544.00 9 N5W25 SW 0-15cm bsDuff/Ap/Disturbed? II 1 gray-black quartzite biface thinning flake proximal 1 fragment 1,545.00 9 N5W25 SW 0-15 cm bsDuff/Ap/Disturbed? II 1 possible shale primary reduction flake 1
1,546.00 9 N5W25 SW 0-15cm bsDuff/Ap/Disturbed? II 1 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
1,547.00 9 N5W28 SW 6-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Saugus 1,548.00 9 N5W28 SW 6-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite fire cracked rock 209.82 gm 1
1,549.00 9 N10E5 SW 5-33cm bsDisturbed II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,550.00 9 N10E5 SW 5-33cm bsDisturbed II 1 quartz flake 1
1,551.00 9 N10E5 SW 5-33cm bsDisturbed II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,552.00 9 N10E5 SW 5-33cm bsDisturbed II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,553.00 9 N10E15 SW 6-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,554.00 9 N10E15 SW 6-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,555.00 9 N10E15 SW 6-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 9
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,556.00 9 N10E15 SW 6-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red rhyolite flake 1
1,557.00 9 N10E15 SW 6-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1
1,558.00 9 N10E15 SW 6-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
1,559.00 9 N10E15 SW 6-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,560.00 9 N10E25 SW 20-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,561.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 47.76 gm 1
1,562.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,563.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,564.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,565.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
1,566.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite large utilized flake 1
1,567.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,568.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite drill 1
1,569.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite flake 1
1,570.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale flake 1
1,571.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 shale possible chopper 1
1,572.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz microflake 1
1,573.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 quartz flake 1
1,574.00 9 N10W5 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake thermally altered 1
1,575.00 9 N10W5 SW 60-70cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 argillite cortical tabular fragment 2
1,576.00 9 N10W15 SW 5-27cm bsAp/Disturbed II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 125.40 gm 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 10
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,577.00 9 N10W15 SW 27-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 30.40 gm 2
1,578.00 9 N10W15 SW 27-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 2
1,579.00 9 N10W15 SW 27-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 2
1,580.00 9 N10W15 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 82.26 gm 3
1,581.00 9 N10W15 SW 60-70cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz preform w/ cortex 4
1,582.00 9 N15E0 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,583.00 9 N15E0 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,584.00 9 N15E0 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,585.00 9 N15E0 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,586.00 9 N15E0 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic possible flake 1
1,587.00 9 N15E0 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris thermally 50.22 gm 1 altered 1,588.00 9 N15E0 SW 6-30 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray possible rhyolite fire cracked rock 111.60 gm 1
1,589.00 9 N15E5 SW 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,590.00 9 N15E5 SW 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,591.00 9 N15E5 SW 5-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,592.00 9 N15E10 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
1,593.00 9 N15E10 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,594.00 9 N15E10 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite unmodified pebble 1 possibly non-cultural 1,595.00 9 N15E10 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale flake 1
1,596.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite projectile point tip fragment 1 broad, possible Terminal Archaic 1,597.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 11
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,598.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,599.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,600.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,601.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,602.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite unmodified pebble 1 shape of point base; probably non-cultural 1,603.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale flake knife 1
1,604.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 possible shale large primary reduction debris 1
1,605.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 possible shale flake 1
1,606.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 10.78 gm 1
1,607.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,608.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
1,609.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite fire cracked rock 93.62 gm 1
1,610.00 9 N15E20 SW 6-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,611.00 9 N15E20 SW 6-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,612.00 9 N15E20 SW 6-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,613.00 9 N15E20 SW 6-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz split pebble 1 probably non-cultural 1,614.00 9 N14E24 NE 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite preform 1 Fox Creek-like 1,615.00 9 N14E24 NE 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,616.00 9 N14E24 NE 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
1,617.00 9 N14E24 NE 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,618.00 9 N14E24 NE 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz utilized flake w/ cortex 1 battered; thick Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 12
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,619.00 9 N15E30 SW 20-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz biface thinning flake 1
1,620.00 9 N15E35 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,621.00 9 N15E35 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,622.00 9 N15E35 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,623.00 9 N15E35 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
1,624.00 9 N15E35 SW 50-58cm bsC (Glacial Subsoil) II 1 quartzite flake 2
1,625.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
1,626.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale possible biface 1
1,627.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite microflake 1
1,628.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,629.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz biface midsection fragment 1
1,630.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 argillite large flake 1
1,631.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 argillite flake 1
1,632.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,633.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,634.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,635.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite small primary reduction debris 1
1,636.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,637.00 9 N15W5 SW 5-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite shatter 1
1,638.00 9 N15W5 SW 50-60cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
1,639.00 9 N15W5 SW 50-60cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 13
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,640.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
1,641.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz flake 1
1,642.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz shatter 1
1,643.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz utilized large angular debris 1
1,644.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,645.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,646.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite flake 1
1,647.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,648.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 blue-green unidentified curved glass fragment 1
1,649.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 6 unidentified non calcined bone fragment 10.62 gm 1
1,650.00 9 N15W10 SW 6-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 3.10 gm 1
1,651.00 9 N15W10 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 2
1,652.00 9 N15W15 SW 5-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,653.00 9 N15W15 SW 5-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large angular debris 1
1,654.00 9 N15W15 SW 5-14cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 possible shale primary reduction flake 1
1,655.00 9 N20E5 SW 19-33cm bsBuried Ap II 1 quartz possible Madison projectile point base 1 fragment 1,656.00 9 N20E5 SW 19-33 cm bsBuried Ap II 1 quartzite flake 1
1,657.00 9 N20E5 SW 19-33cm bsBuried Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,658.00 9 N20E5 SW 19-33cm bsBuried Ap II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,659.00 9 N20E5 SW 19-33cm bsBuried Ap II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 1.68 gm 1
1,660.00 9 N20E15 SW 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 14
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,661.00 9 N20E15 SW 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,662.00 9 N20E15 SW 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,663.00 9 N20E15 SW 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
1,664.00 9 N20E25 SW 6-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 argillite flake 1
1,665.00 9 N20E25 SW 6-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,666.00 9 N20E25 SW 6-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
1,667.00 9 N20E25 SW 32-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 argillite flake 2
1,668.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 quartz flake 1
1,669.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 black rhyolite flake 1
1,670.00 9 N20E70 SW 6-27cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz untyped triangular projectile point ear 1 fragment 1,671.00 9 N20E80 SW 40-48 cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,672.00 9 N25E70 SW 6-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,673.00 9 N25E70 SW 6-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
1,674.00 9 N25E75 SW 6-21cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 5 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,675.00 9 N29E80 SW 6-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,676.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface fragment 1
1,677.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,678.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,679.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,680.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale primary reduction flake 1
1,681.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 crystal quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 15
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,682.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,683.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz shatter 1
1,684.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 7 quartz flake 1
1,685.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,686.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz projectile point base fragment 1 possible small stem 1,687.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz core fragment 1
1,688.00 9 S5E0 SW 4-22cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz biface w/ cortex 1 thick 1,689.00 9 S5E0 SW 22-35cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 2
1,690.00 9 S5E0 SW 22-35cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz flake 2
1,691.00 9 S5E0 SW 22-35cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 crystal quartz flake 2
1,692.00 9 S5E0 SW 22-35cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
1,693.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz possible core fragment w/ cortex 1
1,694.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz microflake 1
1,695.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
1,696.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,697.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 quartz flake 1
1,698.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,699.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,700.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite small primary reduction debris 1
1,701.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 chalcedony microflake 1
1,702.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 16
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,703.00 9 S5E5 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
1,704.01 9 S5E5 SW 25-42cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 black rhyolite flake 2
1,704.02 9 S5E5 SW 25-42cm bs Ap/B21 (Interface) II 3 purple rhyolite flake 2
1,705.00 9 S5E5 SW 25-42cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
1,706.00 9 S5E5 SW 25-42cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 red rhyolite flake 2 Saugus 1,707.00 9 S5E5 SW 25-42cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
1,708.00 9 S5E5 SW 25-42cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 quartz shatter 2
1,709.00 9 S5E5 SW 25-42cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 5 quartz flake 2
1,710.00 9 S5E5 SW 25-42cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 2
1,711.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,712.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,713.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
1,714.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large angular debris 1 with attached granite 1,715.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 olive green possible chert flake 1 or very fine rhyolite 1,716.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite biface fragment w/ cortex 1 early stage preform 1,717.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,718.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
1,719.01 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,719.02 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bs Ap (Plowzone) II 2 purple rhyolite flake 1
1,720.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown possible rhyolite flake 1
1,721.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 shale tablet fragment w/ cortex 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 17
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,722.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 possible shale flake thermally altered 1
1,723.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
1,724.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 1
1,725.00 9 S5E10 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic possible flake 1
1,726.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 crystal quartz possible biface fragment 1 very small 1,727.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,728.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 7 quartz flake 1
1,729.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz core 1 small 1,730.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
1,731.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,732.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,733.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite microflake 1
1,734.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,735.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 olive green possible chert flake 1 or very fine rhyolite 1,736.00 9 S5E15 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic possible flake 1
1,737.00 9 S5E15 SW 23-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 2
1,738.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz core 1 large 1,739.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large angular debris 1
1,740.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz large angular debris 1
1,741.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz small angular debris 1
1,742.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 18
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,743.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz microflake 1
1,744.01 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 10 quartz flake 1
1,744.02 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz biface thinning flake 1
1,745.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 46.66 gm 1
1,746.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1
1,747.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,748.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface fragment 1
1,749.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 olive quartzite flake 1 very fine grained; chert-like 1,750.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,751.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1
1,752.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
1,753.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale fire cracked rock 13.48 gm 1
1,754.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale fire cracked rock 1.24 gm 1
1,755.00 9 S5E20 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
1,756.00 9 S5E20 SW 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.32 gm 2
1,757.00 9 S5E20 SW 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 buff rhyolite possible flake 2 thick, coarse 1,758.00 9 S5E25 SW 5-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 quartz flake 1
1,759.00 9 S5W5 SW 0-15cm bsA0/Fill 1/Disturbed II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,760.00 9 S5W5 SW 0-15cm bsA0/Fill 1/Disturbed II 1 quartz flake 1
1,761.00 9 S5W5 SW 0-15cm bsA0/Fill 1/Disturbed II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,762.00 9 S5W5 SW 0-15cm bsA0/Fill 1/Disturbed II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 19
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,763.00 9 S5W5 SW 0-15cm bsA0/Fill 1/Disturbed II 1 quartzite possibly non cultural 1 pebble 1,764.00 9 S5W5 SW 15-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite flake 2
1,765.00 9 S5W5 SW 15-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
1,766.00 9 S5W5 SW 15-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels flake 2
1,767.00 9 S5W5 SW 15-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz projectile point ear fragment 2
1,768.00 9 S5W5 SW 15-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 2
1,769.00 9 S5W5 SW 15-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 2
1,770.00 9 S5W5 SW 15-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz thick flake 2
1,771.00 9 S5W5 SW 15-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 2
1,772.00 9 S5W5 SW 15-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 iron nail fragment 2
1,773.00 9 S5W5 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake 3
1,774.00 9 S5W10 SW 7-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
1,775.00 9 S5W10 SW 7-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,776.00 9 S5W10 SW 7-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,777.00 9 S5W10 SW 7-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,778.00 9 S5W10 SW 7-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
1,779.00 9 S5W10 SW 7-29cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 quartz flake 1
1,780.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz possible utilized flake 1
1,781.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large angular debris 1
1,782.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,783.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 quartz flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 20
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,784.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz shatter 1
1,785.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
1,786.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite Rossville projectile point whole Early 1 small Woodland
1,787.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,788.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,789.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite biface reduction flake 1 large 1,790.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33 cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
1,791.00 9 S5W15 SW 0-33cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 .22 caliber brass rim fire cartridge post 1866 1 fragment 1,792.00 9 S5W15 SW 33-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz flake 2
1,793.00 9 S5W15 SW 33-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz microflake 2
1,794.00 9 S5W15 SW 33-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 2
1,795.00 9 S5W15 SW 33-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
1,796.00 9 S5W15 SW 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 3
1,797.00 9 S5W21 SW 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 1
1,798.00 9 S5W21 SW 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite small angular debris 1
1,799.00 9 S5W21 SW 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,800.00 9 S5W21 SW 4-20cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale flake 1
1,801.00 9 S5W25 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) fragment 5.24 gm 1
1,802.00 9 S5W25 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 unidentified gastropod shell fragment 0.98 gm 1
1,803.00 9 S5W25 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 unidentified non calcined bone fragment 2.12 gm 1
1,804.00 9 S5W25 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 21
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,805.00 9 S5W25 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,806.00 9 S5W25 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz flake 1
1,807.00 9 S5W25 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,808.00 9 S5W25 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
1,809.00 9 S5W25 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite thick flake 1
1,810.00 9 S5W25 SW 25-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 quartz flake 2
1,811.00 9 S5W25 SW 25-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartzite flake 2 fine grained 1,812.00 9 S5W25 SW 25-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartzite bifacial retouch flake 2 fine grained 1,813.00 9 S5W25 SW 25-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
1,814.00 9 S5W25 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz small angular debris 3 possible core fragment 1,815.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 2 quartz small angular debris 1 refits 1,816.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
1,817.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,818.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 3 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,819.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,820.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,821.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,822.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 1 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 possible Saugus 1,823.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 1 gray possible rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1
1,824.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 1 shale large core 1 from large primary reduction flake 1,825.00 9 S5W30 SW 8-39cm bsDisturbed/Fill 1 II 11 soft shell clam (Mya arenaria) fragment 3.36 gm 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 22
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,826.00 9 S5W30 SW 39-50cm bsDisturbed/Fill 2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
1,827.00 9 S5W30 SW 39-50cm bsDisturbed/Fill 2 II 1 gray possible rhyolite possible flake 2
1,828.00 9 S5W36 SE 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite large flake proximal fragment 1
1,829.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 7 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,830.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,831.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,832.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,833.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz utilized flake 1
1,834.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 quartz flake 1
1,835.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,836.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz unmodified pebble 1 non-cultural 1,837.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartzite flake 1 fine grained 1,838.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
1,839.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 13.84 gm 1
1,840.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels primary reduction flake 1
1,841.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels microflake 1
1,842.00 9 S10E5 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 possible shale flake 1
1,843.00 9 S10E5 SW 32-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 2
1,844.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 5 possible shale flake 1
1,845.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
1,846.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 23
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,847.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,848.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,849.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 75.04 gm 1
1,850.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
1,851.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 7 quartz flake 1
1,852.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz large angular debris 1
1,853.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz chunk 1
1,854.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 clear glass tumbler rim fragment 1
1,855.00 9 S10E15 SW 6-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
1,856.00 9 S10E15 SW 36-46cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.12 gm 2
1,857.00 9 S10E15 SW 36-46cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.10 gm 2 probable bird 1,858.00 9 S10E15 SW 46-52cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 3
1,859.00 9 S10W5 SW 4-13cm bsFill 1 II 2 quartz small angular debris 1
1,860.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz large angular debris 1
1,861.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,862.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 7 quartz flake 1
1,863.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,864.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,865.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,866.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,867.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 24
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,868.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible quartzite large primary reduction debris 1 possibly thermally altered 1,869.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 37.08 gm 1
1,870.00 9 S10W15 SW 30-40cm bs B21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 possible egg shell fragment 0.02 gm 2
1,871.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 6 blue transfer printed whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
1,872.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 6 blue transfer printed whiteware rim sherd 1820-1900+ 1
1,873.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 5 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 1
1,874.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 1 untyped porcelain transfer print base sherd 1 with partial marker's mark "NORITAKE" Company, post 1876 1,875.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30 cm bsFill 1 II 2 untyped porcelain transfer print sherd 1
1,876.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 2 untyped porcelain sherd 1
1,877.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 1 unidentified metal bottle cap whole 1 screw top 1,878.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 1 iron can rim fragment 1
1,879.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 3 brown modern bottle glass fragment 1 only a sample was collected 1,880.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 8 clear modern bottle glass neck/finish fragment 1 only a sample was collected 1,881.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30 cm bsFill 1 II 4 clear modern bottle glass base fragment 1 only a sample was collected 1,882.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 3 clear w/ glass label modern bottle glass fragment 1 only a sample was collected 1,883.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30 cm bsFill 1 II 2 clear modern bottle glass fragment 1 only a sample was collected 1,884.00 9 S10W25 SW 5-30cm bsFill 1 II 1 unidentified color pharmaceutical glass whole 1 ampule with liquid 1,885.00 9 S10W25 SW 30-40 cm bsDisturbed Ap II 1 quartz large angular debris 2
1,886.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 olive possible shale flake 1
1,887.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
1,888.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 possible rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 25
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,889.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,890.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 quartz flake 1
1,891.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,892.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,893.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,894.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,895.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 gray rhyolite small primary reduction debris 1
1,896.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 gray-green rhyolite large flake 1
1,897.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
1,898.00 9 S10W30 SW 5-27cm bsAp (Plowzone)? II 1 quartzite small primary reduction debris 1
1,899.00 9 S10W30 SW 27-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? II 1 quartz large angular debris 2
1,900.00 9 S10W30 SW 27-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? II 1 quartz flake 2
1,901.00 9 S10W30 SW 40-50cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 3
1,902.00 9 S10W30 SW 40-50cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3
1,903.00 9 S10W30 SW 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 4
1,904.00 9 S10W30 SW 50-60cm bsB22 (Lower Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 4
1,905.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,906.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz flake 1
1,907.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz small angular debris 1
1,908.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,909.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red-brown rhyolite possible early-stage preform 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 26
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,910.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,911.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,912.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red rhyolite flake 1 possible Saugus 1,913.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris thermally 1 altered 1,914.00 9 S10W35 SW 5-25 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartzite small primary reduction debris 1
1,915.00 9 S10W35 SW 25-33cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 2
1,916.00 9 S10W35 SW 25-33cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 buff rhyolite flake 2
1,917.00 9 S10W35 SW 25-33cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 possible shale flake 2
1,918.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.18 gm 1
1,919.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
1,920.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 4 quartz flake 1
1,921.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 1 crystal quartz flake 1
1,922.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 1 crystal quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,923.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 3 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,924.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,925.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 2 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
1,926.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,927.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 1 red rhyolite flake 1 Saugus 1,928.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 2 possible shale flake 1
1,929.00 9 S15E0 SW 5-50cm bsRedeposited Ap? II 1 quartzite large flake 1
1,930.00 9 S15E0 SW 50-65cm bsRedeposited Ap 2? II 1 quartz thick flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 27
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,931.00 9 S15E0 SW 65-78cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil)? II 2 quartz flake 3
1,932.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz split pebble 1 non-cultural 1,933.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,934.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,935.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,936.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,937.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
1,938.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
1,939.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 possible shale primary reduction flake 1
1,940.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 shale flake 1
1,941.00 9 S15E5 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 9.30 gm 1
1,942.00 9 S15E10 SW 6-15cm bsFill 1 II 1 crystal quartz core fragment 1
1,943.00 9 S15E10 SW 6-15cm bsFill 1 II 1 gray rhyolite large flake 1 snapped 1,944.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 27.68 gm 2
1,945.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake proximal 2 fragment cortical platform 1,946.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
1,947.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
1,948.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
1,949.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bs Ap (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite flake 2
1,950.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale primary reduction flake 2
1,951.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 possible shale flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 28
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,952.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 5 quartz flake 2
1,953.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 2
1,954.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
1,955.00 9 S15E10 SW 15-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz possible utilized flake fragment 2
1,956.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale flake 1
1,957.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 shale large primary reduction debris 1 with scored surface 1,958.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake proximal 1 fragment cortical platform 1,959.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,960.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,961.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,962.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,963.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
1,964.01 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 5 quartz flake 1
1,964.02 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
1,965.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 quartz microflake 1
1,966.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz shatter 1
1,967.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz core fragment 1
1,968.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
1,969.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.26 gm 1
1,970.00 9 S15E15 SW 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 brass shotgun shell casing fragment 1 Remmington Express 16 gauge 1,971.00 9 S15E20 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz preform 1 early steage, thick Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 29
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,972.00 9 S15E20 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,973.00 9 S15E20 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface fragment 1 possible projectile point base 1,974.00 9 S15E20 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,975.00 9 S15E20 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,976.00 9 S15E20 SW 5-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 10.10 gm 1
1,977.00 9 S15E45 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 felsite Rossville projectile point whole Early 1 very small, heavily retouched Woodland
1,978.00 9 S15E45 SW 5-23 cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,979.00 9 S15E45 SW 5-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 untyped porcelain rim sherd 1
1,980.00 9 S15W5 SW 5-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 quartz flake 1
1,981.00 9 S15W5 SW 5-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,982.00 9 S15W5 SW 5-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
1,983.00 9 S15W10 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 quartz microflake 1
1,984.00 9 S15W10 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
1,985.00 9 S15W10 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
1,986.00 9 S15W10 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 possible shale primary reduction flake 1
1,987.00 9 S15W10 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale flake 1
1,988.00 9 S15W10 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 38.10 gm 1
1,989.00 9 S15W10 SW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz biface fragment 2 possible wedge 1,990.00 9 S15W10 SW 0-40 cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 2
1,991.00 9 S15W10 SW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 2 refits 1,992.00 9 S15W10 SW 40-50 cm bsDisturbed?/B21 II 1 quartz flake 3 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 30
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1,993.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz small angular debris 1
1,994.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
1,995.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 1
1,996.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 black chert flake 1
1,997.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
1,998.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
1,999.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
2,000.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
2,001.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
2,002.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
2,003.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
2,004.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible quartzite large angular debris 1
2,005.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
2,006.00 9 S20E5 SW 5-31cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 untyped whiteware rim sherd 1820-1900+ 1
2,007.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.22 gm 1
2,008.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz core fragment 1 wedge shaped 2,009.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
2,010.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 6 quartz flake 1
2,011.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz microflake 1
2,012.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 white quartzite primary reduction flake 1
2,013.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 31
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,014.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
2,015.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels primary reduction large flake 1
2,016.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
2,017.00 9 S20E15 SW 5-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible quartzite fire cracked rock 52.50 gm 1
2,018.00 9 S20E15 SW 28-38cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 2
2,019.00 9 S20E15 SW 28-38cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 2
2,020.00 9 S20E40 SW 20-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
2,021.00 9 S20E40 SW 20-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz microflake 1
2,022.00 9 S20E50 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 1
2,023.00 9 S20E50 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
2,024.00 9 S20E50 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible hornfels bifacial retouch flake 1
2,025.00 9 S20E50 SW 5-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 possible shale small primary reduction debris 1
2,026.00 9 S20W4 SW 4-20cm bsWetland 1 II 1 quartz large flake w/ cortex 1
2,027.00 9 S20W4 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 4 quartz flake 2
2,028.00 9 S20W4 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 possible shale microflake 2
2,029.00 9 S20W4 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 4 gray rhyolite flake 2
2,030.00 9 S20W4 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
2,031.01 9 S20W4 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 2
2,031.02 9 S20W4 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 2 very fine-grained 2,032.00 9 S20W4 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 red-brown possible rhyolite flake 2
2,033.00 9 S20W4 SW 70-80cm bsWetland 3 II 4 gray rhyolite flake 3 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 32
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,034.00 9 S20W4 SW 70-80cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite biface fragment 3
2,035.00 9 S20W4 SW 80-90cm bsWetland 4 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 4
2,036.00 9 S20W4 SW 80-90cm bsWetland 4 II 1 quartz large angular debris 4
2,037.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz thick flake 1
2,038.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 6 quartz primary reduction flake 1
2,039.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 8 quartz flake 1
2,040.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 1
2,041.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
2,042.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
2,043.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 brown possible rhyolite flake 1
2,044.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 shale flake 1
2,045.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 shale large angular debris 1
2,046.00 9 S25E15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
2,047.00 9 S25E15 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz flake 2
2,048.00 9 S25E40 SW 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz microflake 1
2,049.00 9 S25E40 SW 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 6 quartz flake 1
2,050.00 9 S25E40 SW 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 chert bifacial retouch flake 1
2,051.00 9 S25E40 SW 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black possible rhyolite flake 1 semi-translucent 2,052.00 9 S25E40 SW 0-50cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial core w/ cortex 1 possible preform blank 2,053.00 9 S25E45 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz biface fragment 1
2,054.00 9 S25E45 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 33
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,055.00 9 S25E45 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 quartz flake 1
2,056.00 9 S25E45 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red rhyolite primary reduction flake 1 possible Saugus 2,057.00 9 S25E45 SW 35-45cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 2
2,058.00 9 S25E50 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz biface reduction flake 1
2,059.00 9 S25E50 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz microflake 1
2,060.00 9 S25E50 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
2,061.00 9 S25E50 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
2,062.00 9 S25E50 SW 6-23cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red rhyolite flake 1 possible Saugus 2,063.00 9 S25E50 SW 23-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 2 quartz flake 2
2,064.00 9 S25E50 SW 23-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.12 gm 2
2,065.00 9 S25E50 SW 30-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 3
2,066.00 9 S25E55 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz scraper 1
2,067.00 9 S25E55 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
2,068.00 9 S25E60 SW 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
2,069.00 9 S25E60 SW 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
2,070.00 9 S25E60 SW 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz flake 1
2,071.00 9 S25E60 SW 4-17cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
2,072.00 9 S25E60 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz thick flake 2
2,073.00 9 S25E60 SW 20-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 crystal quartz primary reduction flake 2
2,074.00 9 S30E50 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz small angular debris 1
2,075.00 9 S30E50 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 1 possible non-cultural pebble fragment Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 34
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,076.00 9 S30E50 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz flake 1
2,077.00 9 S30E50 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 hornfels biface thinning flake 1
2,078.00 9 S30E50 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 brown rhyolite microflake 1
2,079.00 9 S30E50 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
2,080.00 9 S30E50 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
2,081.00 9 S30E50 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
2,082.00 9 S30E50 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake w/ patination 1 Saugus 2,083.00 9 S30E60 SW 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
2,084.00 9 S30E60 SW 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
2,085.00 9 S30E60 SW 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1 possible Saugus 2,086.00 9 S30E60 SW 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite fire cracked rock 79.60 gm 1
2,087.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
2,088.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
2,089.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake fragment 1
2,090.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz flake 1
2,091.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
2,092.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
2,093.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
2,094.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 6 gray rhyolite flake 1
2,095.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 6 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
2,096.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite small primary reduction debris 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 35
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,097.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 brown rhyolite microflake 1
2,098.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 chalcedony bifacial retouch flake 1
2,099.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
2,100.00 9 N9W4 SW 0-38cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible shale small angular debris 1
2,101.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz Rossville projectile point without tip Early 2 Woodland
2,102.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz shatter 2
2,103.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 2
2,104.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
2,105.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz microflake 2
2,106.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 2
2,107.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 2
2,108.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite flake 2
2,109.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale possible unidentified groundstone fragment 2 probably non-cultural; split pebble 2,110.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 shale flake 2
2,111.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale primary reduction flake 2
2,112.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite Squibnocket triangle projectile Late Archaic 2 point whole 2,113.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 buff rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
2,114.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 2
2,115.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
2,116.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
2,117.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 36
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,118.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
2,119.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
2,120.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
2,121.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 possible Saugus 2,122.00 9 N9W4 SE 0-31cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red possible rhyolite flake 2
2,123.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz microflake 3
2,124.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 3
2,125.01 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 3
2,125.02 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 3
2,126.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3
2,127.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 3
2,128.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 3
2,129.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 3
2,130.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 7 gray rhyolite flake 3
2,131.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 gray-green rhyolite flake 3
2,132.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 possible hornfels flake 3
2,133.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible shale flake 3
2,134.00 9 N9W4 NE 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 shale primary reduction flake 3
2,135.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 4
2,136.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 4 heavily patinated 2,137.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 4 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 37
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,138.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 6 gray rhyolite flake 4
2,139.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 4
2,140.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite preform w/ cortex 4 early stage; from large flake off cobble 2,141.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz thick flake 4
2,142.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz shatter 4
2,143.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 shale small primary reduction debris 4
2,144.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 shale flake 4
2,145.00 9 N9W4 NW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 possible shale primary reduction flake 4
2,146.00 9 N9W4 NW 37-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 5
2,147.00 9 N9W4 NW 37-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 5
2,148.00 9 N9W4 NW 37-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 5
2,149.00 9 N9W4 SE 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 6
2,150.00 9 N9W4 SE 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz preform 6 thick tear-drop form 2,151.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.18 gm 1
2,152.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 tan rhyolite primary reduction flake 1 coarse 2,153.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
2,154.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 16.38 gm 1
2,155.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 olive chert flake 1
2,156.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 argillite possible biface 1 very crude 2,157.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
2,158.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible shale flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 38
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,159.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 quartz microflake 1
2,160.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz small angular debris 1
2,161.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1 possibly non-cultural 2,162.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 1
2,163.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite flake 1
2,164.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
2,165.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake w/ cortex 1
2,166.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
2,167.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
2,168.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray rhyolite flake 1
2,169.00 9 S1E9 SW 0-27cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 8 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
2,170.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 364.98 gm 2
2,171.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz primary reduction flake 2
2,172.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz possible utilized angular debris 2
2,173.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
2,174.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz small angular debris 2
2,175.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 9 quartz flake 2
2,176.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite core fragment 2
2,177.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite utilized flake w/ cortex 2
2,178.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 possible Saugus 2,179.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite microflake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 39
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,180.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 8 gray rhyolite flake 2
2,181.01 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
2,181.02 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite utilized flake 2
2,181.03 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
2,182.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 11 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
2,183.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
2,184.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 2
2,185.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 possible shale primary reduction flake 2
2,186.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 8 possible shale flake 2
2,187.00 9 S1E9 NW 0-34cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 kaolin pipe bowl fragment 2
2,188.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 3
2,189.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 3 prismatic 2,190.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz flake 3
2,191.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz microflake 3
2,192.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 7 gray rhyolite flake 3
2,193.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3
2,194.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 5 gray-black rhyolite flake 3
2,195.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3
2,196.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 3
2,197.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite core 3
2,198.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite core 3 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 40
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,199.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction debris 3
2,200.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible hornfels flake 3
2,201.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 argillite flake 3
2,202.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3 very fine 2,203.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartzite flake 3
2,204.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 unidentified lithic primary reduction flake 3
2,205.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 shale primary reduction flake 3
2,206.00 9 S1E9 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartzite flake 3
2,207.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 4
2,208.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 4
2,209.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 4
2,210.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface reduction flake 4
2,211.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 4
2,212.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray rhyolite microflake 4
2,213.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray rhyolite flake 4
2,214.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 buff rhyolite flake 4
2,215.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray-green rhyolite flake 4
2,216.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite shatter 4
2,217.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 red-brown rhyolite microflake 4
2,218.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 4
2,219.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 4 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 41
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,220.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite core 4
2,221.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown possible rhyolite fire cracked rock 30.20 gm 4
2,222.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 buff possible rhyolite small primary reduction debris 4
2,223.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32 cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 argillite bifacial retouch flake 4
2,224.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale microflake 4
2,225.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible shale small angular debris 4
2,226.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible hornfels bifacial retouch flake 4
2,227.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red earthenware clear lead glaze sherd 4
2,228.00 9 S1E9 SE 0-32cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 green unidentified flat glass fragment 4 thin 2,229.00 9 S1E9 SW 27-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 5
2,230.00 9 S1E9 SE 32-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 6
2,231.00 9 S1E9 SE 32-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite large flake 6
2,232.00 9 S1E9 SE 32-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 buff rhyolite large primary reduction debris 6
2,233.00 9 S1E9 NE 36-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 brown rhyolite flake 7
2,234.00 9 S1E9 NE 36-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 3 argillite flake 7
2,235.00 9 S1E9 NE 36-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 shale flake 7
2,236.00 9 S1E9 NE 36-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.18 gm 7
2,237.00 9 S1E9 NW 34-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 brown rhyolite flake 8
2,238.00 9 S1E9 NW 34-40cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 8
2,239.00 9 S1E9 SW 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 argillite flake 9
2,240.00 9 S1E9 NW 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 argillite flake 10 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 42
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,241.00 9 S1E9 NW 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 10
2,242.00 9 S1E9 NE 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 11
2,243.00 9 S1E9 NE 40-50cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 brown rhyolite flake 11
2,244.00 9 S1W20 SW 0-22cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black possible rhyolite flake 1
2,245.00 9 S1W20 SW 0-22cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1
2,246.00 9 S1W20 SW 0-22cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz shatter 1
2,247.00 9 S1W20 SE 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz possible Rossville projectile point base 2 fragment 2,248.00 9 S1W20 SE 0-23 cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz non cultural pebble 2
2,249.00 9 S1W20 SE 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 untyped whiteware rim sherd 1820-1900+ 2
2,250.00 9 S1W20 NE 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock fragment 79.90 gm 3
2,251.00 9 S1W20 NE 0-20cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz non cultural pebble 3
2,252.00 9 S1W20 NW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray possible rhyolite large primary reduction debris 4
2,253.00 9 S1W20 NW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 4
2,254.00 9 S1W20 NW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 4
2,255.00 9 S1W20 NW 0-23cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 red earthenware brown lead glaze sherd 4
2,256.00 9 S1W20 SW 23-30cm bsB21 (Upper Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 5
2,257.00 9 S1W20 NW 25-30cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 red earthenware brown lead glaze sherd 6
2,258.00 9 S5W1 NW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 1
2,259.00 9 S5W1 NW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz microflake 1
2,260.00 9 S5W1 NW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz shatter 1
2,261.00 9 S5W1 NW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 43
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,262.00 9 S5W1 NW 0-11cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 shale flake 1
2,263.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 shale flake 2
2,264.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 shale flake 2
2,265.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible hornfels flake 2
2,266.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz flake 2
2,267.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
2,268.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 quartz primary reduction flake 2
2,269.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite microflake 2
2,270.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 4 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
2,271.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
2,272.00 9 S5W1 NE 0-12cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray rhyolite flake 2
2,273.00 9 S5W1 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz flake 3
2,274.00 9 S5W1 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 3
2,275.00 9 S5W1 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red possible rhyolite flake 3 possible Saugus 2,276.00 9 S5W1 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black possible rhyolite flake 3
2,277.00 9 S5W1 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible shale large primary reduction flake 3
2,278.00 9 S5W1 SE 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 4
2,279.00 9 S5W1 SE 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz flake 4
2,280.00 9 S5W1 SE 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 crystal quartz flake 4
2,281.00 9 S5W1 SE 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake fragment 4
2,282.00 9 S5W1 SE 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 4 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 44
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,283.00 9 S5W1 SE 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 4
2,284.00 9 S5W1 SE 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red rhyolite flake 4
2,285.00 9 S5W1 SE 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red rhyolite small angular debris 4
2,286.00 9 S5W1 SE 0-14cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray possible rhyolite primary reduction flake 4
2,287.00 9 S5W1 NW 11-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 quartz flake 5
2,288.00 9 S5W1 NW 11-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 crystal quartz flake 5
2,289.00 9 S5W1 NW 11-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 red rhyolite flake 5
2,290.00 9 S5W1 NW 11-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 5
2,291.00 9 S5W1 NW 11-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake w/ cortex 5
2,292.00 9 S5W1 NW 11-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 5
2,293.00 9 S5W1 NW 11-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 5
2,294.00 9 S5W1 NW 11-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 shale primary reduction flake 5 possibly non-cultural 2,295.00 9 S5W1 NE 12-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 possible shale microflake 6
2,296.00 9 S5W1 NE 12-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 quartzite flake 6
2,297.00 9 S5W1 NE 12-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 3 quartz microflake 6
2,298.00 9 S5W1 NE 12-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 2 quartz flake 6
2,299.00 9 S5W1 NE 12-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 6
2,300.00 9 S5W1 NE 12-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 6
2,301.00 9 S5W1 NE 12-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 6
2,302.00 9 S5W1 SE 14-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 2 gray-black rhyolite microflake w/ cortex 7
2,303.00 9 S5W1 SE 14-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 7 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 45
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,304.00 9 S5W1 SE 14-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite flake 7
2,305.00 9 S5W1 SE 14-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 quartz flake 7
2,306.00 9 S5W1 SE 14-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 argillite flake 7 large 2,307.00 9 S5W1 SE 14-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 2 shale primary reduction flake 7
2,308.00 9 S5W1 SW 10-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 8
2,309.00 9 S5W1 SW 10-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 8
2,310.00 9 S5W1 SW 10-20cm bsAp/B21 (Interface) II 1 quartz flake 8
2,311.00 9 S5W1 NW 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 9
2,312.00 9 S5W1 NW 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 9
2,313.00 9 S5W1 NW 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 9
2,314.00 9 S5W1 NW 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 possible shale flake 9
2,315.00 9 S5W1 NW 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 shale tablet fragment w/ cortex 9
2,316.00 9 S5W1 NE 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 46.80 gm 10
2,317.00 9 S5W1 NE 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 10
2,318.00 9 S5W1 NE 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 10
2,319.00 9 S5W1 NE 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction debris 10
2,320.00 9 S5W1 SW 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 11 cortical platform 2,321.00 9 S5W1 SE 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 quartz flake 12
2,322.00 9 S5W1 SE 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 buff rhyolite primary reduction flake 12
2,323.00 9 S5W1 SE 20-30cm bsB21/B22 (Subsoil) II 1 gray rhyolite flake 12
2,324.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray possible rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 very fine Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 46
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,325.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
2,326.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1
2,327.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 1
2,328.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
2,329.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
2,330.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite microflake 1
2,331.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 possible Saugus 2,332.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible shale flake 1
2,333.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz possible Rossville projectile point base 1 fragment 2,334.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44 cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
2,335.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz flake 1
2,336.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz small angular debris 1
2,337.00 9 S16W10 NW 0-44cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz flake 1
2,338.00 9 S16W10 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 9 quartz flake 2
2,339.00 9 S16W10 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz microflake 2
2,340.00 9 S16W10 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 2
2,341.00 9 S16W10 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
2,342.00 9 S16W10 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 buff rhyolite flake 2
2,343.00 9 S16W10 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 8 gray rhyolite flake 2
2,344.00 9 S16W10 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 red-brown rhyolite microflake 2
2,345.00 9 S16W10 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale primary reduction flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 47
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,346.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 7 quartz flake 3
2,347.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz small angular debris 3
2,348.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz microflake 3
2,349.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz shatter 3
2,350.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz possible utilized flake 3
2,351.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 brown rhyolite flake 3 very fine 2,352.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 possible quartzite flake 3
2,353.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 3
2,354.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray rhyolite flake 3
2,355.00 9 S16W10 SW 0-41cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 3
2,356.00 9 S16W10 SE 0-42cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 quartz small angular debris 4
2,357.00 9 S16W10 SE 0-42cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 quartz flake 4
2,358.00 9 S16W10 SE 0-42cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 4
2,359.00 9 S16W10 SE 0-42cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 shale primary reduction flake 4
2,360.00 9 S16W10 SE 0-42cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 4
2,361.00 9 S16W10 SE 0-42cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite small primary reduction debris 4
2,362.00 9 S16W10 SE 0-42cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 4
2,363.00 9 S16W10 SE 0-42cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 2 gray rhyolite flake 4
2,364.00 9 S16W10 SE 0-42cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 3 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 4
2,365.00 9 S16W10 NW 44-50cm bsB21/Disturbed? II 1 quartz small angular debris 5
2,366.00 9 S16W10 NW 44-50cm bsB21/Disturbed? II 1 quartz microflake 5 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 9 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 48
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 2,367.00 9 S16W10 NW 44-50cm bsB21/Disturbed? II 1 quartz flake 5
2,368.00 9 S16W10 SW 41-50cm bsB21/Disturbed? II 1 quartz large angular debris 6
2,369.00 9 S16W10 SW 41-50cm bsB21/Disturbed? II 2 quartz microflake 6
2,370.00 9 S16W10 SW 41-50cm bsB21/Disturbed? II 3 quartz thick flake 6
2,371.00 9 S16W10 SW 41-50cm bsB21/Disturbed? II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 6
2,372.00 9 S16W10 SE 42-50cm bsB21/Disturbed? II 2 quartz flake 7
2,373.00 9 S16W10 NW 50-60cm bsB21/Disturbed? II 1 quartz flake 8 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Site Summary Report
Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 Phase II 02/28/13
Material Total Lithic 663 Historic Ceramic 10 Faunal 1 Metal 10 Glass 4 Other Historic 2
Total Artifacts: 690 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Phase II Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic argillite bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic argillite projectile point 1 Lithic chert bifacial retouch flake 3 Lithic chert flake 5 Lithic chert microflake 1 Lithic chert biface 1 Lithic crystal quartz biface thinning flake 1 Lithic crystal quartz bifacial retouch flake 2 Lithic crystal quartz flake 17 Lithic crystal quartz microflake 8 Lithic crystal quartz shatter 1 Lithic crystal quartz small angular debris 1 Lithic felsite biface thinning flake 1 Lithic felsite flake 1 Lithic hornfels flake 4 Lithic jasper large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic possible hornfels flake 8 Lithic possible hornfels large flake 1 Lithic possible hornfels possible flake 5 Lithic possible quartzite flake 1 Lithic possible quartzite primary reduction flake 1 Lithic possible rhyolite modified cobble 1 Lithic possible rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Lithic possible rhyolite flake 6 Lithic possible rhyolite large angular debris 4 Lithic possible rhyolite primary reduction flake 3 Lithic possible rhyolite shatter 4 Lithic possible shale flake 1 Lithic possible siltstone flake 1 Lithic quartz modified pebble 3 Lithic quartz chunk 4 Lithic quartz core 2 Lithic quartz flake 59 Lithic quartz large angular debris 1 Lithic quartz large primary reduction debris 6 Lithic quartz microflake 7 Lithic quartz primary reduction flake 11 Lithic quartz shatter 7 Lithic quartz small angular debris 15 Lithic quartz small primary reduction debris 4 Lithic quartz thick flake 5 Lithic quartz biface 3 Lithic quartz possible utilized angular debris 1 Lithic quartz possible utilized primary reduction 1 Lithic quartz projectile point 6 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Phase II Page 2
Material Description Count Lithic quartz side scraper 1 Lithic quartz utilized angular debris 1 Lithic quartzite modified cobble 4 Lithic quartzite bifacial retouch flake 1 Lithic quartzite core 1 Lithic quartzite flake 9 Lithic quartzite large angular debris 1 Lithic quartzite large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic quartzite primary reduction flake 1 Lithic rhyolite biface reduction flake 1 Lithic rhyolite biface thinning flake 15 Lithic rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 41 Lithic rhyolite flake 294 Lithic rhyolite large angular debris 2 Lithic rhyolite large biface reduction flake 1 Lithic rhyolite large flake 3 Lithic rhyolite large primary reduction debris 3 Lithic rhyolite microflake 4 Lithic rhyolite primary reduction flake 29 Lithic rhyolite small angular debris 6 Lithic rhyolite small primary reduction debris 1 Lithic rhyolite thick flake 5 Lithic rhyolite biface 1 Lithic rhyolite flake knife 1 Lithic rhyolite preform 2 Lithic rhyolite projectile point 2 Lithic rhyolite utilized flake 3 Lithic shale flake 4 Lithic shale possible flake 1 Lithic unidentified lithic large primary reduction debris 1 Lithic unidentified lithic fire cracked rock 2 Historic Ceramic untyped creamware 1 Historic Ceramic green transfer printed whiteware 7 Historic Ceramic untyped whiteware 2 Faunal unidentified calcined bone 1 Metal cuprous possible buckle 1 Metal cuprous sheet 5 Metal iron nail 3 Metal iron staple/Unail 1 Glass clear window glass 1 Glass clear unidentified curved glass 3 Other Historic brick 2
Total Artifacts: 690 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Mean Ceramic Date Report 02/28/13 Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 Page 1
Class Sum of Count Date Count*date green transfer printed whiteware 7.00 1865 13055 untyped creamware 1.00 1791 1791 untyped whiteware 2.00 1860 3720
Mean Ceramic Date: 1857 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 434.00 10 N0E5 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
435.00 10 N0E5 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 shale flake 2
436.00 10 N0E5 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite large angular debris w/ cortex 3
437.00 10 N0E5 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite flake 3
438.00 10 N0E5 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 beige rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3
439.00 10 N0E5 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 3
440.00 10 N0E5 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz flake 3
441.00 10 N0E10 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 1
442.00 10 N0E10 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris thermally 1 altered 443.00 10 N0E10 SW 10-20 cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
444.00 10 N0E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 3
445.00 10 N0E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 3
446.00 10 N0E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz biface fragment 3 early stage 447.00 10 N0E10 SW 30-36cm bsReworked Ap II 1 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 4
448.00 10 N0E10 SW 30-36cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite small angular debris 4
449.00 10 N0E10 SW 36-40cm bsWetlands 1 II 1 gray rhyolite flake w/ cortex 5
450.00 10 N0E15 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
451.00 10 N0E15 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 shale flake 1
452.00 10 N0E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
453.00 10 N0E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
454.00 10 N0E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 2
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 455.00 10 N0E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartzite flake 2
456.00 10 N0E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz thick flake 2
457.00 10 N0E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris thermally 2 altered 458.00 10 N0E15 SW 10-20 cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz possible utilized primary reduction 2
459.00 10 N0E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz flake 2
460.00 10 N0E15 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 3
461.00 10 N0E15 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 3
462.00 10 N0E15 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz small angular debris thermally altered 3
463.00 10 N0E15 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 4
464.00 10 N0E15 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 4
465.00 10 N0E15 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 4
466.00 10 N0E15 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 4
467.00 10 N0E15 SW 40-50cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 5
468.00 10 N0E15 SW 40-50cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 5
469.00 10 N0E15 SW 40-50cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake w/ patination 5
470.00 10 N0E15 SW 40-50cm bsReworked Ap II 2 unidentified lithic fire cracked rock fragment 57.34 gm 5
471.00 10 N0E15 SW 50-60cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 6
472.00 10 N0E15 SW 50-60cm bsReworked Ap II 2 quartz flake 6
473.00 10 N0E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz shatter 1
474.00 10 N0E25 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite flake 2
475.00 10 N0E40 SW 10-22cm bsReworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz bifacial retouch flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 3
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 476.00 10 N0E40 SW 10-22cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz side scraper 1 knife-like 477.00 10 N0E40 SW 10-22cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite utilized flake 1
478.00 10 N0E40 SW 22-34cm bsBuried Ap? II 1 quartz small angular debris w/ cortex 2
479.00 10 N0E40 SW 22-34cm bsBuried Ap? II 1 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 2
480.00 10 N0W5 SW 10-22cm bsRedeposited A/Dist. II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
481.00 10 N0W16 SE 0-25cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 felsite flake 1
482.00 10 N0W16 SE 0-25cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
483.00 10 N0W16 SE 0-25cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 quartz flake 1
484.00 10 N0W16 SE 0-25cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
485.00 10 N0W16 SE 0-25cm bsA0 (Duff)/Fill 1 II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
486.00 10 N5E0 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 1 with cortex on platform 487.00 10 N5E0 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 quartz shatter 1
488.00 10 N5E0 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
489.00 10 N5E0 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 possible hornfels flake 1
490.00 10 N5E0 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz bifacial retouch flake 2
491.00 10 N5E0 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface thinning flake proximal 3 fragment 492.00 10 N5E0 SW 20-30 cm bsReworked Ap II 1 iron nail fragment 3 with attached pebble 493.00 10 N5E0 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 2 II 1 crystal quartz flake 4
494.00 10 N5E0 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 2 II 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 4
495.00 10 N5E0 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 4
496.00 10 N5E5 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 4
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 497.00 10 N5E5 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake w/ cortex 1
498.00 10 N5E5 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 1
499.00 10 N5E5 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 2 quartz shatter 2
500.00 10 N5E5 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 2
501.00 10 N5E5 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 2 quartz primary reduction flake 2
502.00 10 N5E5 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
503.00 10 N5E5 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 6 gray rhyolite flake 2
504.00 10 N5E5 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 brown rhyolite flake 2 fine 505.00 10 N5E5 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake w/ patination 3
506.00 10 N5E5 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 5 gray rhyolite flake 3
507.00 10 N5E5 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 3
508.00 10 N5E5 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 quartz small angular debris 4
509.00 10 N5E5 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 gray rhyolite large flake w/ patination 4 with cortex 510.00 10 N5E5 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 quartzite flake 4 very fine grained 511.00 10 N5E5 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 beige rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 4
512.00 10 N5E5 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 gray rhyolite flake 4
513.00 10 N5E5 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 4
514.00 10 N5E5 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 4
515.00 10 N5E5 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1 II 1 gray rhyolite microflake 5
516.00 10 N5E5 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite large primary reduction debris 6
517.00 10 N5E5 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 quartz flake 7 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 5
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 518.00 10 N5E10 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
519.00 10 N5E10 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
520.00 10 N5E10 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite flake 2
521.00 10 N5E10 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
522.00 10 N5E10 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
523.00 10 N5E10 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 2
524.00 10 N5E10 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 2 beige rhyolite flake 2
525.00 10 N5E10 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz microflake 2
526.00 10 N5E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3
527.00 10 N5E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite flake 3
528.00 10 N5E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite preform 3
529.00 10 N5E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 jasper large primary reduction debris 3 local material 530.00 10 N5E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 quartz flake 3
531.00 10 N5E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 3
532.00 10 N5E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz chunk 3
533.00 10 N5E10 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartzite core w/ cortex 3 polyhedral 534.00 10 N5E10 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 6 quartz flake 4
535.00 10 N5E10 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite flake 4
536.00 10 N5E10 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 buff rhyolite flake 4 pink 537.00 10 N5E10 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 felsite biface thinning flake 4
538.00 10 N5E10 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1 II 1 quartz flake w/ cortex 5 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 6
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 539.00 10 N5E10 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 4 gray-black rhyolite flake 6
540.00 10 N5E10 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 6
541.00 10 N5E10 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 6
542.00 10 N5E10 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 8 gray rhyolite flake w/ patination 6
543.00 10 N5E10 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 2 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 6
544.00 10 N5E10 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite biface thinning flake 6
545.00 10 N5E10 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite flake 6
546.00 10 N5E10 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite primary reduction flake 6
547.00 10 N5E10 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite primary reduction flake 7
548.00 10 N5E10 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 buff rhyolite flake 7
549.00 10 N5E10 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray rhyolite flake 7
550.00 10 N5E10 SW 70-80cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 8
551.00 10 N5E10 SW 70-80cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 8
552.00 10 N5E15 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 clear window glass fragment 1
553.00 10 N5E15 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake w/ cortex 1
554.00 10 N5E15 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
555.00 10 N5E15 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
556.00 10 N5E15 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz modified pebble 1
557.00 10 N5E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz thick flake 2
558.00 10 N5E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
559.00 10 N5E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 argillite bifacial retouch flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 7
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 560.00 10 N5E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
561.00 10 N5E15 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 2
562.00 10 N5E15 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 unidentified calcined bone fragment 0.18 gm 3
563.00 10 N5E15 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 brick fragment 8.92 gm 3
564.00 10 N5E15 SW 20-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite flake 3
565.00 10 N5E15 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 4
566.00 10 N5E15 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 gray rhyolite flake 4
567.00 10 N5E15 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 2 quartz flake 4
568.00 10 N5E15 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 quartz large angular debris w/ cortex 5
569.00 10 N5E15 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 quartz flake 5
570.00 10 N5E15 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 crystal quartz flake 5
571.00 10 N5E15 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 quartzite flake 5
572.00 10 N5E15 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 shale possible flake 5
573.00 10 N5E15 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1/2 II 6 gray-black rhyolite flake 5
574.00 10 N5E15 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 5
575.00 10 N5E15 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 buff rhyolite flake 5
576.00 10 N5E15 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray rhyolite large primary reduction debris 5
577.00 10 N5E15 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 2 II 1 crystal quartz flake 6
578.00 10 N5E15 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 2 II 1 quartz shatter 6
579.00 10 N5E15 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 2 II 2 quartz flake 6
580.00 10 N5E15 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 1 quartz microflake 7 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 8
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 581.00 10 N5E15 SW 60-70cm bsWetland 2 II 2 quartz thick flake 7
582.00 10 N5E15 SW 70-81cm bsWetland 2/3 II 1 crystal quartz biface thinning flake 8
583.00 10 N5E15 SW 70-81cm bsWetland 2/3 II 1 quartz flake 8
584.00 10 N5E15 SW 70-81cm bsWetland 2/3 II 1 quartzite flake 8
585.00 10 N5E20 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 hornfels flake 1 with quartz in-filled fracture 586.00 10 N5E20 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 2
587.00 10 N5E20 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 iron staple/Unail whole 2
588.00 10 N5E20 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap II 1 untyped creamware rim sherd 1762-1820 2
589.00 10 N5E20 SW 20-30cm bsWetland 1 II 1 iron nail whole 3
590.00 10 N5E20 SW 20-30cm bsWetland 1 II 1 quartz biface fragment 3 small 591.00 10 N5E20 SW 20-30cm bsWetland 1 II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 3
592.00 10 N5E20 SW 20-30cm bsWetland 1 II 2 gray rhyolite flake 3
593.00 10 N5E20 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1 II 1 quartz flake 4
594.00 10 N5E20 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1 II 5 cuprous sheet fragment 4
595.00 10 N5E20 SW 40-50cm bsWetland 1 II 1 cuprous embossed possible buckle fragment 4
596.00 10 N5E20 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 untyped whiteware sherd 1820-1900+ 5
597.00 10 N5E20 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 red rhyolite utilized flake 5 Saugus 598.00 10 N5E20 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite small primary reduction debris 5
599.00 10 N5E20 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 5
600.00 10 N5E20 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 1/2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite thick flake 5
601.00 10 N5E20 SW 50-60cm bsWetland 2/3 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 6 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 9
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 602.00 10 N5E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
603.00 10 N5E25 SW 0-10cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite biface fragment 1 small, possible stemmed projectile point base 604.00 10 N5E25 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
605.00 10 N5E25 SW 10-20cm bsReworked Ap/Wet 1 II 1 possible shale flake 2
606.00 10 N5E25 SW 20-30cm bsWetland 1 II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 3
607.00 10 N5E25 SW 20-30cm bsWetland 1 II 1 gray rhyolite flake 3
608.00 10 N5E25 SW 20-30cm bsWetland 1 II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 3
609.00 10 N5E25 SW 20-30cm bsWetland 1 II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake w/ patination 3
610.00 10 N5E25 SW 20-30cm bsWetland 1 II 1 iron nail fragment 3
611.00 10 N5E25 SW 30-40cm bsWetland 1 II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 4
612.00 10 N5E30 SW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
613.00 10 N5E30 SW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
614.00 10 N5E35 SW 4-25cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 1
615.00 10 N5W5 SW 5-26cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
616.00 10 N5W5 SW 5-26cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 1
617.00 10 N5W5 SW 5-26cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz shatter 1
618.00 10 N5W5 SW 5-26cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
619.00 10 N5W5 SW 5-26cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite thick flake 1
620.00 10 N5W5 SW 5-26cm bsReworked Ap II 1 brick fragment 5.48 gm 1
621.00 10 N5W5 SW 51-65cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite preform 2 or knife 622.00 10 N5W5 SW 51-65cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartz small angular debris 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 10
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 623.00 10 N5W5 SW 51-65cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 2
624.00 10 N5W10 SW 0-22cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 quartz Wading River projectile point whole Late Archaic 1
625.00 10 N5W10 SW 0-22cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 quartz microflake 1
626.00 10 N5W10 SW 0-22cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 gray possible rhyolite large angular debris 1
627.00 10 N5W10 SW 50-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
628.00 10 N5W14 SW 6-23cm bsFill 1 II 5 green transfer printed whiteware rim sherd 1830-1900+ 1 mends 629.00 10 N5W14 SW 6-23cm bsFill 1 II 2 quartz modified pebble 1
630.00 10 N5W14 SW 6-23cm bsFill 1 II 1 gray rhyolite flake w/ patination 1
631.00 10 N5W14 SW 6-23cm bsFill 1 II 1 gray-green possible rhyolite flake 1
632.00 10 N5W14 SW 23-50cm bsFill 2 II 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 2
633.00 10 N5W14 SW 23-50cm bsFill 2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake w/ cortex 2
634.00 10 N5W14 SW 23-50cm bsFill 2 II 1 crystal quartz microflake 2
635.00 10 S5E0 SW 6-32cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz thick flake 1
636.00 10 S5E0 SW 6-32cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz chunk 1
637.00 10 S5E0 SW 6-32cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green possible quartzite primary reduction flake 1
fine grained 638.00 10 S5E0 SW 6-32 cm bsReworked Ap II 1 green transfer printed whiteware rim sherd 1830-1900+ 1
639.00 10 S5E5 SW 0-22cm bsDuff/Wetland 1 II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
640.00 10 S5E15 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz possible Rossville projectile point base 1
641.00 10 S5E15 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 quartz flake 1
642.00 10 S5E15 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz flake 1
643.00 10 S5E15 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 possible hornfels large flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 11
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 644.00 10 S5E15 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
645.00 10 S5E15 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 buff rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
646.00 10 S5E15 SW 0-32cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 argillite Merrimack-like projectile point whole Middle 1 flake point, unifacial, oblique-base Archaic
647.00 10 S5E20 SW 10-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite thick flake distal fragment 1
648.00 10 S5E20 SW 10-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
649.00 10 S5E20 SW 10-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 red rhyolite primary reduction flake 1 Saugus 650.00 10 S5E20 SW 10-30 cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz microflake 1
651.00 10 S5E20 SW 10-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 chert bifacial retouch flake proximal fragment 1
652.00 10 S5E20 SW 10-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 red-brown possible rhyolite modified cobble 1
653.00 10 S5E20 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
654.00 10 S5E20 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz utilized angular debris 2
655.00 10 S5E25 SW 0-30cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz biface fragment 1 possible projectile point tip or base 656.00 10 S5E25 SW 0-30 cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz small angular debris 1
657.00 10 S5E25 SW 0-30cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
658.00 10 S5E25 SW 0-30cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 crystal quartz flake 1
659.00 10 S5E25 SW 0-30cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red rhyolite flake 1 Saugus 660.00 10 S5E25 SW 0-30 cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
661.00 10 S5E25 SW 0-30cm bs Duff/Reworked Ap II 1 buff rhyolite flake 1
662.00 10 S5E25 SW 0-30cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-black possible rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
663.00 10 S5E25 SW 30-50cm bsWetland 1 II 1 red rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 Saugus 664.00 10 S5E25 SW 30-50 cm bsWetland 1 II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 12
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 665.00 10 S5E25 SW 30-50cm bsWetland 1 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
666.00 10 S5E25 SW 30-50cm bsWetland 1 II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 2
667.00 10 S5E30 SW 6-26cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite large primary reduction debris 1 thermally altered 668.00 10 S5E30 SW 6-26 cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 1
669.00 10 S5E35 SW 0-21cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz microflake 1
670.00 10 S5E35 SW 0-21cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 1
671.00 10 S5E35 SW 43-60cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
672.00 10 S5E35 SW 43-60cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite flake 2
673.00 10 S5E35 SW 43-60cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray chert flake 2
674.00 10 S5E35 SW 43-60cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartz flake 2
675.00 10 S5E40 SW 4-18cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
676.01 10 S5W5 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 1
676.02 10 S5W5 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 quartz small primary reduction debris 1
677.00 10 S5W5 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
678.00 10 S5W5 SW 0-20cm bsDuff/Fill 1 II 1 buff rhyolite flake w/ patination 1
679.00 10 S5W5 SW 20-55cm bsFill 2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite Stark projectile point without tip Middle 2 Archaic
680.00 10 S5W5 SW 20-55cm bsFill 2 II 2 buff rhyolite flake w/ patination 2
681.00 10 S5W5 SW 20-55cm bsFill 2 II 1 quartzite bifacial retouch flake 2
682.00 10 S5W5 SW 20-55cm bsFill 2 II 1 quartz flake 2
683.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
684.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 brown rhyolite biface thinning flake 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 13
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 685.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1 Saugus 686.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
687.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 1
688.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 1
689.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray-black rhyolite biface thinning flake 1
690.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 1
691.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 1
692.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 possible siltstone flake 1 porous 693.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartzite flake 1
694.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz shatter 1
695.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 3 quartz flake 1
696.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz microflake 1
697.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 1
698.00 10 N5E9 NW 0-24cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 green transfer printed whiteware sherd 1830-1900+ 1
699.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz untyped pentagonal projectile point whole 2 very small 700.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz small angular debris 2
701.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 quartz small primary reduction debris 2
702.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 2
703.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 3 crystal quartz microflake 2
704.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartzite flake 2
705.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 chert bifacial retouch flake 2 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 14
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 706.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 shale flake 2
707.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 possible rhyolite shatter 2
708.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2 possible Saugus 709.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red rhyolite primary reduction flake 2
710.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 brown-red rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 2
711.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 3 gray-black rhyolite flake 2
712.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 6 gray rhyolite flake 2
713.00 10 N5E9 NE 0-28cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 buff rhyolite flake 2
714.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red rhyolite utilized flake w/ cortex 3 Saugus 715.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 possible rhyolite shatter burnt 3
716.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 brown possible rhyolite flake 3
717.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 7 gray-black rhyolite flake 3
718.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 10 gray rhyolite flake 3
719.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 4 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3
720.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 buff possible rhyolite shatter 3
721.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite primary reduction flake 3
722.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray-green rhyolite flake w/ patination 3
723.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 3
724.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 3
725.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 brown rhyolite primary reduction flake 3 refits 726.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 possible hornfels flake 3 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 15
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 727.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 chert microflake 3
728.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 chert biface tip fragment 3
729.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 unidentified lithic large primary reduction debris 3
730.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 4 quartz flake 3
731.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz core fragment 3
732.00 10 N5E9 SW 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz primary reduction flake 3
733.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 quartz untyped pentagonal projectile point whole 4 small 734.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 quartz flake 4
735.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 crystal quartz microflake 4
736.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray-green rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 4
737.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite flake 4
738.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 4
739.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 4
740.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite small angular debris 4
741.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red rhyolite flake 4
742.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 4
743.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite large flake 4 possibly utilized, distal termination rounded/worn , possible opposite edge 744.00 10 N5E9 SE 0-25 cm bsDuff/Reworked Ap II 1 red rhyolite flake 4 Saugus 745.00 10 N5E9 NW 24-30cm bsReworked Ap II 3 chert flake 5
746.01 10 N5E9 NW 24-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 hornfels flake 5
746.02 10 N5E9 NW 24-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 5 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 16
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 747.00 10 N5E9 NW 24-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 5
748.00 10 N5E9 NW 24-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray rhyolite flake 5
749.00 10 N5E9 NW 24-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 5
750.00 10 N5E9 NW 24-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 quartz flake 5
751.00 10 N5E9 SW 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 buff rhyolite flake 6
752.00 10 N5E9 SW 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 6
753.00 10 N5E9 SW 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 7 gray rhyolite flake 6
754.00 10 N5E9 SW 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 6
755.00 10 N5E9 SW 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 5 gray-green rhyolite flake 6
756.00 10 N5E9 SW 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 4 quartz flake 6
757.00 10 N5E9 SW 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 quartz microflake 6
758.00 10 N5E9 NE 28-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz flake 7
759.00 10 N5E9 NE 28-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz flake 7
760.00 10 N5E9 NE 28-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 7
761.00 10 N5E9 NE 28-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 7
762.00 10 N5E9 NE 28-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 7
763.00 10 N5E9 NE 28-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 7
764.00 10 N5E9 SE 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 3 gray rhyolite flake 8
765.00 10 N5E9 SE 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 8
766.00 10 N5E9 SE 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 possible hornfels flake 8
767.00 10 N5E9 SE 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 8 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 17
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 768.00 10 N5E9 SE 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 2 quartz small angular debris 8
769.00 10 N5E9 SE 25-30cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz possible utilized angular debris 8
770.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 9
771.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 4 gray rhyolite flake 9
772.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 9
773.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 9
774.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 hornfels flake 9
775.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 chert flake 9 banded Normanskill 776.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartzite flake 9
777.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 2 crystal quartz flake 9
778.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 crystal quartz small angular debris 9
779.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 2 quartz flake 9
780.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz small angular debris 9
781.00 10 N5E9 NW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz projectile point without base 9
782.00 10 N5E9 SE 30-36cm bsReworked Ap II 2 quartz flake 10
783.00 10 N5E9 SE 30-36cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz core fragment 10
784.00 10 N5E9 SE 30-36cm bsReworked Ap II 3 gray rhyolite flake 10
785.00 10 N5E9 SE 30-36cm bsReworked Ap II 4 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 10
786.00 10 N5E9 SE 30-36cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 10
787.00 10 N5E9 SE 30-36cm bsReworked Ap II 1 red rhyolite flake 10 Saugus 788.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 11 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 18
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 789.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 2 gray-black rhyolite flake 11
790.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake w/ patination 11
791.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 7 gray rhyolite flake 11
792.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 buff rhyolite flake 11
793.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 4 gray-green rhyolite flake 11
794.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 4 crystal quartz flake 11
795.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 3 quartz flake 11
796.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz small angular debris 11
797.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartzite flake 11
798.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 possible quartzite flake 11 possible rhyolite 799.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 hornfels flake 11
800.00 10 N5E9 SW 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 clear unidentified curved glass fragment 11
801.00 10 N5E9 NE 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz microflake 12
802.00 10 N5E9 NE 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 2 crystal quartz flake 12
803.00 10 N5E9 NE 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartzite flake 12
804.00 10 N5E9 NE 30-40cm bsReworked Ap II 5 gray rhyolite flake 12
805.00 10 N5E9 NE 40-43cm bsReworked Ap II 1 quartz untyped small stemmed projectile point whole 13 unifacial, very small 806.00 10 N5E9 NW 40-46cm bsReworked Ap II 1 gray rhyolite flake 14
807.00 10 N5E9 SW 52-58cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 15
808.00 10 N5E9 SW 52-58cm bsWetland 2 II 1 buff rhyolite flake 15
809.00 10 N5E9 SE 52-56cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 16 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 19
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 810.00 10 N5E9 SE 52-56cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 16
811.00 10 N5E9 SE 52-56cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake w/ patination 16
812.00 10 N5E9 NE 55-60cm bsWetland 2 II 1 possible hornfels flake 17 possible slate 813.00 10 N5E9 NW 56-60cm bsWetland 2 II 1 gray rhyolite thick flake 18 with hinge; refits with AI# 814 814.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray-black rhyolite large flake 19 thick; refits with AI# 813 815.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 19 big 816.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite biface reduction flake 19
817.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 8 gray rhyolite flake w/ patination 19
818.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 2 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 19
819.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 19
820.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 red rhyolite flake 19
821.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 4 green rhyolite flake 19
822.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 3 gray possible rhyolite large angular debris 19 with heavy patination; possible FCR 823.00 10 N5E9 SE 56-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartzite large primary reduction debris 19
824.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartzite large angular debris 20
825.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartz chunk 20
826.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 2 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 20
827.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite flake 20 big 828.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 3 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 20
829.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 20
830.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 5 gray rhyolite flake 20 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 20
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 831.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 2 red-brown rhyolite flake 20
832.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 6 gray-black rhyolite flake 20
833.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 2 buff rhyolite flake 20
834.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 2 gray-green possible rhyolite flake 20 heavily patinated 835.00 10 N5E9 SW 58-70cm bsWetland 3 II 3 possible hornfels flake 20
836.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite flake knife w/ cortex 21 unifacial 837.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 11 gray-black rhyolite flake 21
838.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray-black rhyolite large angular debris 21
839.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 4 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 21
840.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 23 gray rhyolite flake 21
841.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 21
842.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite biface thinning flake 21 big 843.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 21
844.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 3 buff rhyolite flake w/ patination 21
845.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 buff rhyolite flake thermally altered 21
846.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 5 gray-green rhyolite flake 21
847.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray-green rhyolite thick flake 21
848.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray-green rhyolite biface thinning flake 21
849.00 10 N5E9 NE 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 5 possible hornfels possible flake 21
850.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 4 gray rhyolite small angular debris thermally altered 7.98 gm 22
851.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 3 quartzite modified cobble thermally altered 22 refits Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: 19-PL-426, Locus 10 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 21
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 852.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartzite modified cobble 22
853.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartzite primary reduction flake 22
854.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartz large primary reduction debris 22
855.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartz chunk 22
856.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 quartz small angular debris 22
857.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 chert bifacial retouch flake 22
858.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite primary reduction flake 22
859.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 4 gray rhyolite flake 22
860.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray-black rhyolite flake 22
861.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray-black rhyolite bifacial retouch flake 22
862.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite large biface reduction flake w/ cortex 22
863.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray-green rhyolite flake 22
864.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 red-brown rhyolite flake 22
865.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray rhyolite Neville projectile point base fragment Middle 22 Archaic
866.00 10 N5E9 NW 60-70cm bsWetland 3 II 1 gray-black rhyolite primary reduction flake 22
APPENDIX V
Phase 1/Phase 2 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogue for Mars2
357 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc.
Site Summary Report
Site: Mars2 Phase I & II 02/28/13
Material Total Historic Ceramic 29 Metal 6 Glass 3 Historic Pipe 7
Total Artifacts: 45 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report 02/28/13 Site: Mars2 Phase I & II Page 1
Material Description Count Historic Ceramic gray earthenware green lead glaze 2 Historic Ceramic mottle decorated Staffordshire 1 Historic Ceramic red earthenware (no glaze) 19 Historic Ceramic red earthenware clear lead glaze 2 Historic Ceramic red earthenware green lead glaze 1 Historic Ceramic untyped creamware 2 Historic Ceramic refined earthenware (no glaze) 1 Historic Ceramic delftware body (no glaze) 1 Metal cuprous button 1 Metal iron nail 4 Metal lead unidentified 1 Glass green glass liquor bottle 2 Glass green glass unidentified container 1 Historic Pipe kaolin pipe 7
Total Artifacts: 45 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Mean Ceramic Date Report 02/28/13 Site: Mars2 Phase I & II Page 1
Class Sum of Count Date Count*date delftware body (no glaze) 1.00 1700 1700 gray earthenware green lead glaze 2.00 0 mottle decorated Staffordshire 1.00 1730 1730 red earthenware (no glaze) 19.00 0 red earthenware clear lead glaze 2.00 0 red earthenware green lead glaze 1.00 0 refined earthenware (no glaze) 1.00 0 untyped creamware 2.00 1791 3582
Mean Ceramic Date: 1753 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: Mars2 Phase I & II 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1.00 9 T16-8 6-28 cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 mottle decorated Staffordshire sherd 1680-1780 1
2.00 9 T16-8 6-28cm bsAp (Plowzone) I 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
3.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red earthenware green lead glaze sherd 1
4.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 untyped creamware sherd 1762-1820 1
5.00 9 N5E25 SW 6-35cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 South Type #8 cuprous button whole 1 18th century 6.00 9 N5E30 SW 5-36cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1 possible slipware remnent 7.00 9 N10E15 SW 6-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
8.00 9 N10E15 SW 6-37cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 7 kaolin pipe stem fragment 1 recent break; 7 fragments mend to make 1 stem 9.00 9 N10E25 SW 20-32cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 green glass liquor bottle 1
10.00 9 N15E15 SW 6-42cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 untyped creamware sherd 1762-1820 1
11.00 9 N14E24 NE 6-38cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
12.00 9 N15E30 SW 20-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 4 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
13.00 9 N15E30 SW 20-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red earthenware clear lead glaze sherd 1
14.00 9 N15E30 SW 20-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 gray earthenware green lead glaze burnt sherd 1 18th century 15.00 9 N15E30 SW 20-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 green glass liquor bottle fragment 1
16.00 9 N15E30 SW 20-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 lead unidentified fragment melted 1
17.00 9 N15E30 SW 20-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 iron nail shank 1
18.00 9 N15E35 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 2 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
19.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 green glass unidentified container fragment 1
20.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 8 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
21.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 red earthenware clear lead glaze sherd 1 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: Mars2 Phase I & II 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 2
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 22.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41 cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 gray earthenware green lead glaze burnt rim sherd 1 18th century 23.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 delftware body (no glaze) sherd 1600-1800 1
24.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 refined earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
25.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 iron nail 1
26.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 iron nail shank 1
27.00 9 N20E35 SW 6-41cm bsDisturbed Ap/Fill 1? II 1 iron nail fragment 1
APPENDIX VI
Phase 1/Phase 2 Survey Artifact Inventory Catalogue for Mars3
363 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc.
Site Summary Report
Site: Mars3 Phase I & II 02/28/13
Material Total Lithic 1 Historic Ceramic 2 Metal 3
Total Artifacts: 6 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Detailed Site Summary Report 02/28/13 Site: Mars3 Phase I & II Page 1
Material Description Count Lithic European flint flake 1 Historic Ceramic red earthenware (no glaze) 1 Historic Ceramic red earthenware brown lead glaze 1 Metal cuprous button 1 Metal iron nail 2
Total Artifacts: 6 Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Mean Ceramic Date Report 02/28/13 Site: Mars3 Phase I & II Page 1
Class Sum of Count Date Count*date red earthenware (no glaze) 1.00 0 red earthenware brown lead glaze 1.00 0
Mean Ceramic Date: Archaeological and Historical Services, Inc. Artifact Inventory Site: Mars3 Phase I & II 02/28/13 Site Name: Marshfield Airport Scatter Name: Page 1
Inv# Locus Unit Quad Depth Datum Soil Ph Fea. Count Item Description Weight Period Bag # 1.00 9 T20-7 4-35 cm bsFill 1 I 1 iron nail whole 1
2.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red earthenware (no glaze) sherd 1
3.00 9 S10W15 SW 5-30cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 red earthenware brown lead glaze sherd 1
4.00 9 S15W10 SW 5-40cm bsAp (Plowzone) II 1 European flint flake whole 1
5.00 9 S15W10 SW 0-40cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 cuprous button fragment with eye missing 2 with cut marks 6.00 9 S16W10 NE 0-36cm bsDuff/Plowzone II 1 iron nail fragment 1
APPENDIX VII
MHC Site Inventory Forms
368 FORM D − ARCHAEOLOGICALSURVEY TOWN ______MHC No. ______PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES FOR MHC UTM ______MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION OFFICE Quad ______MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING USE ONLY 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD NR □ ACT □ ELIG □ NO DISTRICT □ YES □ NO BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
1. SITE NAME(S) MAS. NO. OTHER NO. I Marshfield Airport/George D. Harlow Field (updated Locus 7, Phase 2) 19-PL-426 D 2. TOWN/CITY COUNTY E Marshfield Plymouth N 3. STREET AND NUMBER (IF NOT AVAILABLE, GIVE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF HOW TO REACH SITE) T Old Colony Lane I 4. OWNERS(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Public F Private I Town of Marshfield C 5. SITE LOCATED BY A T CRM Survey Avocational Collector Field School Other (Specify) ______I
O Describe Sampling Strategy Used to Locate Site N 6a. PERIOD(S) (Check all applicable boxes)
Paleo Early Woodland Contact Single Component Multi-Component Early Archaic Middle Woodland Unknown Specify all components D Middle Archaic Late Woodland Other (specify) E Late Archaic (as checked, some historic – not significant) S 6b. Estimated Occupation Range C Early Archaic through Late Woodland R 7. DATING METHODS C-14 Intuition Other (specify) I P Comparative Materials: Diagnostic stone tools (from collection see Mahlstedt 1985), from Ph1 and Ph2: Locus 8: Gulf of T Maine Archaic micro-core, Bifurcate, Stark, Wading River, Rossville, Locus 7: Rossville. Locus 9: Neville and Merrimack, I
Squibnocket, Wading River, Rossville, Madison. Locus 10: Neville, Merrimack, Rossville. O 8a. DESCRIBE SITE TYPE/FUNCTION N Several loci surrounding the airport. Recently identified loci probably represent only a portion of original site and or sites. Further work needed to define site type/function.
9. DESCRIBE SIZE AND HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL 10. GENERALIZED SITE PROFILE BOUNDARIES Type of Soil(s) Cultural Materials Locus 7 lies south of the airport and west of Woodbine farm. The locus is approximately 25x15-meters in extent. Typically intact with 20cm Ap, two subsoils and C-horizon at 65cm – but varies greatly across this large site Indicate Depth of Levels
E 11. SOIL USDA Soil Series Contour Elevation % Slope of Ground N Udipsamments, wet substratum, 0 8 feet 0 – 5 5 – 15 15 – 25 Over 25 V to 3 percent slopes I Acidity 12. TOPOGRAPHY R 1 ______7 ______14 Flat Gentle undulation Other O N (Acid) (Base) Rolling Hills Mountains M 13. WATER NEAREST WATER SOURCE SIZE AND SPEED DISTANCE FROM SITE SEASONAL AVAILABILITY E N Green Harbor River Small 300-600 meters Year round T 14. VEGE- PRESENT PAST
TATION Grass fields with small secondary growth and scrub 15. SITE INTEGRITY IF DISTURBED, DESCRIBE DISTURBANCE C Undisturbed Good Fair Destroyed Highly variable: areas adjacent to runways have been graded and disturbed O N 16. SURROUNDINGENVIRONMENT D Open Land Woodland Eroded Soils Residential Scattered Buildings I Commercial Industrial Rural Visible from Site T I Coastal Isolated O 17. ANY THREATS TO SITE DESCRIBE POTENTIAL THREATS N Yes No Airport expansion
18. ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC Free Access Need Owner Permission Restricted No Access
19. PREVIOUS WORK R Surface Collected By Whom / Affiliation Date E “Pot hunted By Whom / Affiliation Date S E Tested By Whom / Affiliation UMAS 2007, UMAS 2009, AHS 2012 Date 2007-2012 A R Excavation By Whom / Affiliation Date C H 20. PRESENT LOCATIONOF MATERIAL (INCLUDE ADDRESS) UMass Archaeological Services, Dept. of Anthropology, UMass, Amherst S AHS Labs, Storrs, CT T A 21. REFERENCES / REPORTS T Binzen, Tim, 2007, Archaeological Reconnaissance of the George D. Harlow Field, Marshfield, MA. Amherst, MA: UMASS Archaeological Services. U Binzen, Tim and A. Medina, 2009, Archaeological Phase IB Intensive (Locational) Survey for Runway and Terminal Area Improvements and Fencing, S Harlow Field/Marshfield Municipal Airport, Marshfield, MA. Amherst, MA: UMASS Archaeological Services. Jones et al. 2013, Intensive (Locational) Survey and Site Examinations of Locus 7, 8, 9, & 10. Improvements to George D. Harlow Field Airport Runway 6- 24, Marshfield, Massachusetts, AHS, Inc., Storrs, CT.
22. RECOVERED DATA (Identify in DETAIL, including structures, related outbuildings, landscape features, etc.) Phase 1: AHS excavated 454 shovel test pits over ca. 26 acres in areas of proposed construction. 86 STPs produced 684 artifacts from 4 loci (7, 8, 9, & 10) including 564 lithic materials, primarily of quartz and rhyolite, with 67 hornfels-like materials and small numbers of chert, mudstone, quartzite and unidentified lithics. Diagnostic points recovered during the survey include a rhyolite Merrimack-like point, a quartz Squibnocket Triangle, one rhyolite and S one hornfels-like untyped Narrow Stemmed points, and two rhyolite Rossville-like points. Most lithic artifacts were found in a topsoil (plowzone) context, I with ca. 9% found in the subsoil. Phase 2 Site Examination Survey was undertaken for the 4 loci, with results or Locus 7 as follows: G N Phase 2 Locus 7: though a rhyolite Rossville point was found in the phase 1 survey (26 – top row, center), only a single quartz small angular debris I fragment was recovered from the plowzone in STP N10W5 – the locus is not considered significant. The other loci are summarized on separate Form Ds. F I C A N C 23. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE E Site 19-PL-426 has the potential to inform archaeologists about Native American use of near-coastal habitats. Sea level rise has likely resulted in the inundation of a terrestrial wooded habitat resulting in a transition from freshwater interior forested resources to marsh resources during the Archaic to Woodland period. Changes in site use on the airport property should express this shift in the resource base.
24. ATTACH PORTION OF USGS QUAD WITH SITE AREA MARKED TO THIS FORM 25. SKETCH PLAN OF SITE 26. PHOTOS: examples from Phase 1 survey
S I T E
P L A N
UMAS loci=yellow, AHS loci=red Scale: see bar REPORTED NAME ADDRESS BY: Brian Jones 569 Middle Tpke, Storrs, CT 06268 ORGANIZATION DATE AHS, Inc. Updated February 2013 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY FIELD EVALUATION
COMMENTS
FORM D − ARCHAEOLOGICALSURVEY TOWN ______MHC No. ______PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES FOR MHC UTM ______MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION OFFICE Quad ______MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING USE ONLY 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD NR □ ACT □ ELIG □ NO DISTRICT □ YES □ NO BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
1. SITE NAME(S) MAS. NO. OTHER NO. I Marshfield Airport/George D. Harlow Field (updated Locus 8, Phase 2) 19-PL-426 D 2. TOWN/CITY COUNTY E Marshfield Plymouth N 3. STREET AND NUMBER (IF NOT AVAILABLE, GIVE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF HOW TO REACH SITE) T Old Colony Lane I 4. OWNERS(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Public F Private I Town of Marshfield C 5. SITE LOCATED BY A T CRM Survey Avocational Collector Field School Other (Specify) ______I
O Describe Sampling Strategy Used to Locate Site N 6a. PERIOD(S) (Check all applicable boxes)
Paleo Early Woodland Contact Single Component Multi-Component Early Archaic Middle Woodland Unknown Specify all components D Middle Archaic Late Woodland Other (specify) E Late Archaic (as checked, some historic – not significant) S 6b. Estimated Occupation Range C Early Archaic through Late Woodland R 7. DATING METHODS C-14 Intuition Other (specify) I P Comparative Materials: Diagnostic stone tools (from collection see Mahlstedt 1985), from Ph1 and Ph2: Locus 8: Gulf of T Maine Archaic micro-core, Bifurcate, Stark, Wading River, Rossville, Locus 7: Rossville. Locus 9: Neville and Merrimack, I
Squibnocket, Wading River, Rossville, Madison. Locus 10: Neville, Merrimack, Rossville. O 8a. DESCRIBE SITE TYPE/FUNCTION N Several loci surrounding the airport. Recently identified loci probably represent only a portion of original site and or sites. Further work needed to define site type/function.
9. DESCRIBE SIZE AND HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL 10. GENERALIZED SITE PROFILE BOUNDARIES Type of Soil(s) Cultural Materials Locus 8 is located at the northwest end of the runway within a 15x55-meter area. Approximately half of the artifacts were found in a buried subsoil context. The Typically intact with 20cm Ap, two subsoils and C-horizon at 65cm – remainder were in the topsoil, with a small number from isolated disturbed but varies across the site oocations. Indicate Depth of Levels
E 11. SOIL USDA Soil Series Contour Elevation % Slope of Ground N Udipsamments, wet substratum, 0 8 feet 0 – 5 5 – 15 15 – 25 Over 25 V to 3 percent slopes I Acidity 12. TOPOGRAPHY R 1 ______7 ______14 Flat Gentle undulation Other O N (Acid) (Base) Rolling Hills Mountains M 13. WATER NEAREST WATER SOURCE SIZE AND SPEED DISTANCE FROM SITE SEASONAL AVAILABILITY E N Bass Creek Small <100 meters Year round T 14. VEGE- PRESENT PAST
TATION Grass fields with small secondary growth and scrub 15. SITE INTEGRITY IF DISTURBED, DESCRIBE DISTURBANCE C Undisturbed Good Fair Destroyed Highly variable: areas adjacent to runways have been graded and disturbed O N 16. SURROUNDINGENVIRONMENT D Open Land Woodland Eroded Soils Residential Scattered Buildings I Commercial Industrial Rural Visible from Site T I Coastal Isolated O 17. ANY THREATS TO SITE DESCRIBE POTENTIAL THREATS N Yes No Airport expansion
18. ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC Free Access Need Owner Permission Restricted No Access
19. PREVIOUS WORK R Surface Collected By Whom / Affiliation Date E “Pot hunted By Whom / Affiliation Date S E Tested By Whom / Affiliation UMAS 2007, UMAS 2009, AHS 2012 Date 2007-2012 A R Excavation By Whom / Affiliation Date C H 20. PRESENT LOCATIONOF MATERIAL (INCLUDE ADDRESS) UMass Archaeological Services, Dept. of Anthropology, UMass, Amherst S AHS Labs, Storrs, CT T A 21. REFERENCES / REPORTS T Binzen, Tim, 2007, Archaeological Reconnaissance of the George D. Harlow Field, Marshfield, MA. Amherst, MA: UMASS Archaeological Services. U Binzen, Tim and A. Medina, 2009, Archaeological Phase IB Intensive (Locational) Survey for Runway and Terminal Area Improvements and Fencing, S Harlow Field/Marshfield Municipal Airport, Marshfield, MA. Amherst, MA: UMASS Archaeological Services. Jones et al. 2013, Intensive (Locational) Survey and Site Examinations of Locus 7, 8, 9, & 10. Improvements to George D. Harlow Field Airport Runway 6- 24, Marshfield, Massachusetts, AHS, Inc., Storrs, CT.
22. RECOVERED DATA (Identify in DETAIL, including structures, related outbuildings, landscape features, etc.) Phase 1: AHS excavated 454 shovel test pits over ca. 26 acres in areas of proposed construction. 86 STPs produced 684 artifacts from 4 loci (7, 8, 9, & 10) including 564 lithic materials, primarily of quartz and rhyolite, with 67 hornfels-like materials and small numbers of chert, mudstone, quartzite and unidentified lithics. Diagnostic points recovered during the survey include a rhyolite Merrimack-like point, a quartz Squibnocket Triangle, one rhyolite and S one hornfels-like untyped Narrow Stemmed points, and two rhyolite Rossville-like points. Most lithic artifacts were found in a topsoil (plowzone) context, I with ca. 9% found in the subsoil. Phase 2 Site Examination Survey was undertaken for the 4 loci, with results from Locus 8 as follows: G N Phase 2 Locus 8: 1357 artifacts recovered, 45% were found in the plowzone, and 43% were found in underlying subsoil horizons. Ninety-nine percent of the I finds represent Native American lithic artifacts (N=1343). Eight non-modern artifacts represent discarded historic materials interpreted to reflect late 18th- F through early 20th-century agrarian land use and are not considered significant. Quartz artifacts 77%, rhyolite artifacts 16%, and very low proportions of I additional lithic materials. Early Archaic: 1 quartz micro-core and 1 quartz bifurcate, Middle Archaic: 1 Stark, Late Archaic: 1 Wading River, Early C Woodland: 4 Rossville. This locus is likely National Register eligible. Impact avoidance is recommended, and planned by project planners. A The other loci are summarized separately on their own Form D. N C 23. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE E Site 19-PL-426 has the potential to inform archaeologists about Native American use of near-coastal habitats. Sea level rise has likely resulted in the inundation of a terrestrial wooded habitat resulting in a transition from freshwater interior forested resources to marsh resources during the Archaic to Woodland period. Changes in site use on the airport property should express this shift in the resource base.
24. ATTACH PORTION OF USGS QUAD WITH SITE AREA MARKED TO THIS FORM 25. SKETCH PLAN OF SITE 26. PHOTOS: examples from Phase 1&2 survey
S I T E
P L A N
UMAS loci=yellow, AHS loci=red Scale: see bar REPORTED NAME ADDRESS BY: Brian Jones 569 Middle Tpke, Storrs, CT 06268 ORGANIZATION DATE AHS, Inc. Updated February 2013 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY FIELD EVALUATION
COMMENTS
FORM D − ARCHAEOLOGICALSURVEY TOWN ______MHC No. ______PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES FOR MHC UTM ______MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION OFFICE Quad ______MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING USE ONLY 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD NR □ ACT □ ELIG □ NO DISTRICT □ YES □ NO BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
1. SITE NAME(S) MAS. NO. OTHER NO. I Marshfield Airport/George D. Harlow Field (updated Locus 9, Phase 2) 19-PL-426 D 2. TOWN/CITY COUNTY E Marshfield Plymouth N 3. STREET AND NUMBER (IF NOT AVAILABLE, GIVE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF HOW TO REACH SITE) T Old Colony Lane I 4. OWNERS(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Public F Private I Town of Marshfield C 5. SITE LOCATED BY A T CRM Survey Avocational Collector Field School Other (Specify) ______I
O Describe Sampling Strategy Used to Locate Site N 6a. PERIOD(S) (Check all applicable boxes)
Paleo Early Woodland Contact Single Component Multi-Component Early Archaic Middle Woodland Unknown Specify all components D Middle Archaic Late Woodland Other (specify) E Late Archaic (as checked, some historic – not significant) S 6b. Estimated Occupation Range C Early Archaic through Late Woodland R 7. DATING METHODS C-14 Intuition Other (specify) I P Comparative Materials: Diagnostic stone tools (from collection see Mahlstedt 1985), from Ph1 and Ph2: Locus 8: Gulf of T Maine Archaic micro-core, Bifurcate, Stark, Wading River, Rossville, Locus 7: Rossville. Locus 9: Neville and Merrimack, I
Squibnocket, Wading River, Rossville, Madison. Locus 10: Neville, Merrimack, Rossville. O 8a. DESCRIBE SITE TYPE/FUNCTION N Several loci surrounding the airport. Recently identified loci probably represent only a portion of original site and or sites. Further work needed to define site type/function.
9. DESCRIBE SIZE AND HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL 10. GENERALIZED SITE PROFILE BOUNDARIES Type of Soil(s) Cultural Materials Locus 9 is located in the southwest end of the airport over a ca. 100x50-meter area. Artifacts were found in small clusters throughout this space. About 10% Typically intact with 20cm Ap, two subsoils and C-horizon at 65cm – of the material was found in the subsoil, with the remainder in the topsoil. A but varies greatly across this large site small number of artifacts were found in isolated disturbed areas. Indicate Depth of Levels
E 11. SOIL USDA Soil Series Contour Elevation % Slope of Ground N Carver loamy coarse sands 8 feet 0 – 5 5 – 15 15 – 25 Over 25 V Acidity 12. TOPOGRAPHY I 1 ______7 ______14 Flat Gentle undulation Other R O (Acid) (Base) Rolling Hills Mountains N 13. WATER NEAREST WATER SOURCE SIZE AND SPEED DISTANCE FROM SITE SEASONAL AVAILABILITY M E Green Harbor River Small 100 meters Year round N 14. VEGE- PRESENT PAST T
TATION Grass fields with small secondary growth and scrub
15. SITE INTEGRITY IF DISTURBED, DESCRIBE DISTURBANCE C Undisturbed Good Fair Destroyed Highly variable: areas adjacent to runways have been graded and disturbed O N 16. SURROUNDINGENVIRONMENT D Open Land Woodland Eroded Soils Residential Scattered Buildings I Commercial Industrial Rural Visible from Site T I Coastal Isolated O 17. ANY THREATS TO SITE DESCRIBE POTENTIAL THREATS N Yes No Airport expansion
18. ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC Free Access Need Owner Permission Restricted No Access
19. PREVIOUS WORK R Surface Collected By Whom / Affiliation Date E “Pot hunted By Whom / Affiliation Date S E Tested By Whom / Affiliation UMAS 2007, UMAS 2009, AHS 2012 Date 2007-2012 A R Excavation By Whom / Affiliation Date C H 20. PRESENT LOCATIONOF MATERIAL (INCLUDE ADDRESS) UMass Archaeological Services, Dept. of Anthropology, UMass, Amherst S AHS Labs, Storrs, CT T A 21. REFERENCES / REPORTS T Binzen, Tim, 2007, Archaeological Reconnaissance of the George D. Harlow Field, Marshfield, MA. Amherst, MA: UMASS Archaeological Services. U Binzen, Tim and A. Medina, 2009, Archaeological Phase IB Intensive (Locational) Survey for Runway and Terminal Area Improvements and Fencing, S Harlow Field/Marshfield Municipal Airport, Marshfield, MA. Amherst, MA: UMASS Archaeological Services. Jones et al 2013, Intensive (Locational) Survey and Site Examinations of Locus 7, 8, 9, & 10. Improvements to George D. Harlow Field Airport Runway 6- 24, Marshfield, Massachusetts, AHS, Inc., Storrs, CT.
22. RECOVERED DATA (Identify in DETAIL, including structures, related outbuildings, landscape features, etc.) Phase 1: AHS excavated 454 shovel test pits over ca. 26 acres in areas of proposed construction. 86 STPs produced 684 artifacts from 4 loci (7, 8, 9, & 10) including 564 lithic materials, primarily of quartz and rhyolite, with 67 hornfels-like materials and small numbers of chert, mudstone, quartzite and unidentified lithics. Diagnostic points recovered during the survey include a rhyolite Merrimack-like point, a quartz Squibnocket Triangle, one rhyolite and S one hornfels-like untyped Narrow Stemmed points, and two rhyolite Rossville-like points. Most lithic artifacts were found in a topsoil (plowzone) context, I with ca. 9% found in the subsoil. Phase 2 Site Examination Survey was undertaken for the 4 loci, with results from Locus 9 as follows: G N Phase 2 Locus 9: Phase 2 testing at Locus 9 identified multiple areas of Native American activity dating to the Archaic and Woodland periods, as evidenced I by diagnostic projectile points (possible Neville and Merrimack, Wading River, Rossville, and Madison-like). This Native American site component F (referred to as Mars1) is distributed across the entire one-acre locus. It may be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion I D. However, most of the Native American cultural material (ca. 90%) was found in topsoil/plowzone contexts, somewhat compromising the integrity of the C component. Two historic-period components were also identified within Locus 9: a possible c. 1750-1775 home site and a possible Settlement/Colonial A camp site. Separate inventory forms were completed for these components. N The other loci are also summarized separately on separate Form Ds. C 23. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE E Site 19-PL-426 has the potential to inform archaeologists about Native American use of near-coastal habitats. Sea level rise has likely resulted in the inundation of a terrestrial wooded habitat resulting in a transition from freshwater interior forested resources to marsh resources during the Archaic to Woodland period. Changes in site use on the airport property should express this shift in the resource base.
24. ATTACH PORTION OF USGS QUAD WITH SITE AREA MARKED TO THIS FORM 25. SKETCH PLAN OF SITE 26. PHOTOS: examples from Phase 1&2 survey
S I T E
P L A N
UMAS loci=yellow, AHS loci=red Scale: see bar REPORTED NAME ADDRESS BY: Brian Jones 569 Middle Tpke, Storrs, CT 06268 ORGANIZATION DATE AHS, Inc. Updated February 2013 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY FIELD EVALUATION
COMMENTS
FORM D − ARCHAEOLOGICALSURVEY TOWN ______MHC No. ______PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES FOR MHC UTM ______MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION OFFICE Quad ______MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING USE ONLY 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD NR □ ACT □ ELIG □ NO DISTRICT □ YES □ NO BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
1. SITE NAME(S) MAS. NO. OTHER NO. I Marshfield Airport/George D. Harlow Field (updated Locus 10, Phase 2) 19-PL-426 D 2. TOWN/CITY COUNTY E Marshfield Plymouth N 3. STREET AND NUMBER (IF NOT AVAILABLE, GIVE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF HOW TO REACH SITE) T Old Colony Lane I 4. OWNERS(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Public F Private I Town of Marshfield C 5. SITE LOCATED BY A T CRM Survey Avocational Collector Field School Other (Specify) ______I
O Describe Sampling Strategy Used to Locate Site N 6a. PERIOD(S) (Check all applicable boxes)
Paleo Early Woodland Contact Single Component Multi-Component Early Archaic Middle Woodland Unknown Specify all components D Middle Archaic Late Woodland Other (specify) E Late Archaic (as checked, some historic – not significant) S 6b. Estimated Occupation Range C Early Archaic through Late Woodland R 7. DATING METHODS C-14 Intuition Other (specify) I P Comparative Materials: Diagnostic stone tools (from collection see Mahlstedt 1985), from Ph1 and Ph2: Locus 8: Gulf of T Maine Archaic micro-core, Bifurcate, Stark, Wading River, Rossville, Locus 7: Rossville. Locus 9: Neville and Merrimack, I
Squibnocket, Wading River, Rossville, Madison. Locus 10: Neville, Merrimack, Rossville. O 8a. DESCRIBE SITE TYPE/FUNCTION N Several loci surrounding the airport. Recently identified loci probably represent only a portion of original site and or sites. Further work needed to define site type/function.
9. DESCRIBE SIZE AND HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL 10. GENERALIZED SITE PROFILE BOUNDARIES Type of Soil(s) Cultural Materials Locus 10 is located at the southern end of the airport. It covers a ca. 60x15- meter area. Sediments here reflect a complex history of inundation, drainage Typically intact with 20cm Ap, two subsoils and C-horizon at 65cm – and later plowing. Many artifacts were found in a buried wetland sediment and but varies greatly across this large site appear to have excellent integrity. Indicate Depth of Levels
E 11. SOIL USDA Soil Series Contour Elevation % Slope of Ground N Ipswich - Pawcatuck - Matunuck 8 feet 0 – 5 5 – 15 15 – 25 Over 25 V complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, I freshened R Acidity 12. TOPOGRAPHY O 1 ______7 ______14 Flat Gentle undulation Other N M (Acid) (Base) Rolling Hills Mountains E 13. WATER NEAREST WATER SOURCE SIZE AND SPEED DISTANCE FROM SITE SEASONAL AVAILABILITY N T Green Harbor River Small 300-600 meters Year round 14. VEGE- PRESENT PAST
TATION Grass fields with small secondary growth and scrub 15. SITE INTEGRITY IF DISTURBED, DESCRIBE DISTURBANCE C Undisturbed Good Fair Destroyed Highly variable: areas adjacent to runways have been graded and disturbed O N 16. SURROUNDINGENVIRONMENT D Open Land Woodland Eroded Soils Residential Scattered Buildings I Commercial Industrial Rural Visible from Site T I Coastal Isolated O 17. ANY THREATS TO SITE DESCRIBE POTENTIAL THREATS N Yes No Airport expansion
18. ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC Free Access Need Owner Permission Restricted No Access
19. PREVIOUS WORK R Surface Collected By Whom / Affiliation Date E Date S “Pot hunted By Whom / Affiliation E Date 2007-2012 A Tested By Whom / Affiliation UMAS 2007, UMAS 2009, AHS 2012 R Excavation By Whom / Affiliation Date C H 20. PRESENT LOCATIONOF MATERIAL (INCLUDE ADDRESS) UMass Archaeological Services, Dept. of Anthropology, UMass, Amherst S AHS Labs, Storrs, CT T A 21. REFERENCES / REPORTS T Binzen, Tim, 2007, Archaeological Reconnaissance of the George D. Harlow Field, Marshfield, MA. Amherst, MA: UMASS Archaeological Services. U Binzen, Tim and A. Medina, 2009, Archaeological Phase IB Intensive (Locational) Survey for Runway and Terminal Area Improvements and Fencing, S Harlow Field/Marshfield Municipal Airport, Marshfield, MA. Amherst, MA: UMASS Archaeological Services.
Jones et al. 2013, Intensive (Locational) Survey and Site Examinations of Locus 7, 8, 9, & 10. Improvements to George D. Harlow Field Airport Runway 6- 24, Marshfield, Massachusetts, AHS, Inc., Storrs, CT.
22. RECOVERED DATA (Identify in DETAIL, including structures, related outbuildings, landscape features, etc.) Phase 1: AHS excavated 454 shovel test pits over ca. 26 acres in areas of proposed construction. 86 STPs produced 684 artifacts from 4 loci (7, 8, 9, & 10) including 564 lithic materials, primarily of quartz and rhyolite, with 67 hornfels-like materials and small numbers of chert, mudstone, quartzite and unidentified lithics. Diagnostic points recovered during the survey include a rhyolite Merrimack-like point, a quartz Squibnocket Triangle, one rhyolite and S one hornfels-like untyped Narrow Stemmed points, and two rhyolite Rossville-like points. Most lithic artifacts were found in a topsoil (plowzone) context, I with ca. 9% found in the subsoil. Phase 2 Site Examination Survey was undertaken for the 4 loci, with results of Locus 10 as follows: G N Phase 2 Locus 10: Locus 10 is located at the southern end of the runway on the southeast border of the proposed runway extension area; Phase 2 I investigations identified an ancient Native American component in a 60 x 10-meter area. Projectile points indicate this location was occupied in the Middle F Archaic and Woodland periods. The integrity of the Middle Archaic component is excellent, with many artifacts recovered in deeply buried intact wet I sediments. Phase 3 Data Recovery excavations are recommended within a ca. 5 x 10 meter portion of Locus 10 in order to mitigate project-related impacts, C as avoidance is not feasible. The other loci are also summarized separately on separate Form Ds. A N C 23. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE E Site 19-PL-426 has the potential to inform archaeologists about Native American use of near-coastal habitats. Sea level rise has likely resulted in the inundation of a terrestrial wooded habitat resulting in a transition from freshwater interior forested resources to marsh resources during the Archaic to Woodland period. Changes in site use on the airport property should express this shift in the resource base.
24. ATTACH PORTION OF USGS QUAD WITH SITE AREA MARKED TO THIS FORM 25. SKETCH PLAN OF SITE 26. PHOTOS: examples from Phase 1&2 survey
S I T E
P L A N
UMAS loci=yellow, AHS loci=red Scale: see bar REPORTED NAME ADDRESS BY: Brian Jones 569 Middle Tpke, Storrs, CT 06268 ORGANIZATION DATE AHS, Inc. Updated February 2013 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY FIELD EVALUATION
COMMENTS
FORM D − ARCHAEOLOGICALSURVEY TOWN ______MHC No. ______HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES FOR MHC UTM ______MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION OFFICE Quad ______MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING USE ONLY 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD NR □ ACT □ ELIG □ NO DISTRICT □ YES □ NO BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
1. SITE NAME(S) MAS. NO. OTHER NO. I Mars2 D 2. TOWN/CITY COUNTY E Marshfield Plymouth N 3. STREET AND NUMBER (IF NOT AVAILABLE, GIVE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF HOW TO REACH SITE) T Marshfield Municipal Airport/George D. Harlow Field I F 4. OWNERS(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Public I Town of Marshfield C Private A T 5. SITE LOCATED BY I O CRM Survey Avocational Collector Field School Other (Specify) ______N Describe Sampling Strategy Used to Locate Site
6a. PERIOD(S) (Check all applicable boxes)
17th C. 18th C. 19th C. 20th C. Unknown 6b. Estimated Occupation Range D c. 1750-1775 E 7. DATING METHODS MAPS TITLE SEARCH ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS S Yes No C Comparative Materials Artifacts: OTHER R th
18 C domestic and architectural remains I 8a. SITE TYPE Agrarian Residential Industrial Commercial Military P T Unknown Other (Specify) I 8b. DESCRIBE O Household-related artifacts found in a discrete locus within broader bounds of pre-Colonial site 19-PL-426 N 9. DESCRIBE SIZE AND VERTICAL AND VERTICAL BOUNDARIES 10. Stratigraphy Surface Indicators Stratigraphy Measuring approximately 20 x 20 meters in plan, this c. 1750-1775 component is on the northern edge of a proposed runway extension. No Standing Ruins Stratified structural remains were found, but the assemblage suggests a house was on Surface Finds NOT Stratified or near the site. Markers Below Ground Structural Remains Cellar Hole
E 11. SOIL USDA Soil Series Contour Elevation % Slope of Ground N Carver loamy coarse sand, 0 to 3 8 feet 0 – 5 5 – 15 15 – 25 Over 25 V percent slopes I Acidity 12. TOPOGRAPHY R 1 ______7 ______14 Flat Gentle undulation Other O N (Acid) (Base) Rolling Hills Mountains M 13. WATER NEAREST WATER SOURCE SIZE AND SPEED DISTANCE FROM SITE SEASONAL AVAILABILITY E Green Harbor River small 140m Year-round N T 14. VEGE- PRESENT PAST
TATION Grass fields with shrubs and secondary growth 15. SITE INTEGRITY IF DISTURBED, DESCRIBE DISTURBANCE C Undisturbed Good Fair Destroyed O N 16. SURROUNDINGENVIRONMENT D Open Land Woodland Eroded Soils Residential Scattered Buildings I Commercial Industrial Rural Visible from Site T I Coastal Isolated O 17. ANY THREATS TO SITE DESCRIBE POTENTIAL THREATS N Yes No airport runway extension and drainage pond construction
18. ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC Free Access Need Owner Permission Restricted No Access
1 19. PREVIOUS WORK R Surface Collected By Whom / Affiliation Date E S “Pot hunted By Whom / Affiliation Date E A Tested By Whom / Affiliation Phase 1 and Phase 2, AHS, Inc. Date 2012 R Date C Excavation By Whom / Affiliation H 20. PRESENT LOCATIONOF MATERIAL (INCLUDE ADDRESS) S AHS, Inc., 569 Middle Turnpike, Storrs, CT 06268 T A T 21. REFERENCES / REPORTS U Jones, et al. 2013, Report: Intensive (Locational) Survey and Site Examination of Loci 7 and 8 and Loci 9 and 10, Improvements to George D. Harlow S Field Airport Runway 6-25, Marshfield, Massachusetts. Storrs, CT: AHS, Inc.
22. RECOVERED DATA (Identify in DETAIL, including structures, related outbuildings, landscape features, etc.) Forty-five artifacts from a 20 x 20-meter area, including 29 ceramic sherds (Staffordshire earthenware, Delftware, creamware, gray-bodied green-glazed poorly documented ceramic), green liquor-bottle glass, kaolin pipestem, a South type 8 cuprous button, four nails, and a lead “waster.” No structural remains or cellar hole, but a few cut granite blocks were on the surface nearby, their association unknown. S I 23. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE G The artifact assemblage in its composition and concentration suggests a 1750-1775 date and household correlation that is more than simple field scatter. N It is likely associated with a small house in the site area, but cellar or walls were missed by the five-meter-interval testing. Alternatively, the associated I house may be close by, buried in private residential lawn. Additional archaeological investigation and title searching are recommended prior to the F airport improvement project construction. I C A N C E
24. ATTACH PORTION OF USGS QUAD WITH SITE AREA MARKED TO THIS FORM 25. SKETCH PLAN OF SITE 26. PHOTOS: Attach if available Label each with: Date of photo, photographer, view shown, name of site S I T E
P L A N
Scale: REPORTED NAME ADDRESS BY: Mary Harper 569 Middle Turnpike, Storrs, CT 06268
ORGANIZATION DATE AHS, Inc. 2/2013
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY FIELD EVALUATION
2 COMMENTS
3 FORM D − ARCHAEOLOGICALSURVEY HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
Continuation Sheet 1
FORM D − ARCHAEOLOGICALSURVEY TOWN ______MHC No. ______HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES FOR MHC UTM ______MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION OFFICE Quad ______MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING USE ONLY 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD NR □ ACT □ ELIG □ NO DISTRICT □ YES □ NO BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
1. SITE NAME(S) MAS. NO. OTHER NO. I Mars3 D 2. TOWN/CITY COUNTY E Marshfield Plymouth N 3. STREET AND NUMBER (IF NOT AVAILABLE, GIVE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF HOW TO REACH SITE) T Marshfield Municipal Airport/George D. Harlow Field I F 4. OWNERS(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Public I Town of Marshfield C Private A T 5. SITE LOCATED BY I O CRM Survey Avocational Collector Field School Other (Specify) ______N Describe Sampling Strategy Used to Locate Site
6a. PERIOD(S) (Check all applicable boxes)
17th C. 18th C. 19th C. 20th C. Unknown 6b. Estimated Occupation Range D 17th – early 18th-century E 7. DATING METHODS MAPS TITLE SEARCH ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS S Yes No C Comparative Materials OTHER R
artifacts I 8a. SITE TYPE Agrarian Residential Industrial Commercial Military P T Unknown Other (Specify) camp site I 8b. DESCRIBE O Possible 17th/early 18th-century camp, Native American or Euro-American N 9. DESCRIBE SIZE AND VERTICAL AND VERTICAL BOUNDARIES 10. Stratigraphy SurfaceIndicators Stratigraphy This small site, within the broader bounds of Ancient Native American Site 19-PL-426, measures about 15 x 5 meters. Standing Ruins Stratified Surface Finds NOT Stratified Markers Below Ground Structural Remains Cellar Hole
E 11. SOIL USDA Soil Series Contour Elevation % Slope of Ground N Carver loamy coarse sand, 0 to 3 8 feet 0 – 5 5 – 15 15 – 25 Over 25 V percent slopes I Acidity 12. TOPOGRAPHY R 1 ______7 ______14 Flat Gentle undulation Other O N (Acid) (Base) Rolling Hills Mountains M 13. WATER NEAREST WATER SOURCE SIZE AND SPEED DISTANCE FROM SITE SEASONAL AVAILABILITY E Green Harbor River small 95m Year-round N T 14. VEGE- PRESENT PAST
TATION Grass fields with shrubs and secondary growth 15. SITE INTEGRITY IF DISTURBED, DESCRIBE DISTURBANCE C Undisturbed Good Fair Destroyed O N 16. SURROUNDINGENVIRONMENT D Open Land Woodland Eroded Soils Residential Scattered Buildings I Commercial Industrial Rural Visible from Site T I Coastal Isolated O 17. ANY THREATS TO SITE DESCRIBE POTENTIAL THREATS N Yes No airport runway extension and drainage pond construction
18. ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC Free Access Need Owner Permission Restricted No Access
1 19. PREVIOUS WORK R Surface Collected By Whom / Affiliation Date E S “Pot hunted By Whom / Affiliation Date E A Tested By Whom / Affiliation Phase 1 and Phase 2, AHS, Inc. Date 2012 R Date C Excavation By Whom / Affiliation H 20. PRESENT LOCATIONOF MATERIAL (INCLUDE ADDRESS) S AHS, Inc., 569 Middle Turnpike, Storrs, CT 06268 T A T 21. REFERENCES / REPORTS U Jones et al. 2013, Report: Intensive (Locational) Survey and Site Examination of Loci 7 and 8 and Loci 9 and 10, Improvements to George D. Harlow S Field Airport Runway 6-25, Marshfield, Massachusetts. Storrs, CT: AHS, Inc.
22. RECOVERED DATA (Identify in DETAIL, including structures, related outbuildings, landscape features, etc.) Six artifacts were recovered from this small locus: one flake of European flint, two sherds of red earthenware, a cuprous button that has been cut and re- worked, and two iron nail fragments. A possible living floor feature was also identified.
S I G N I 23. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE F The assemblage matches artifact “signatures” of Contact/early historic period sites found in southern New England: ephemeral, low-density, tightly I clustered cultural material that is difficult to find. This site was not detected in Phase 1 survey, but only by five-meter-interval Phase 2 testing of a large C pre-Colonial site. The assemblage, the possible living floor feature, and its location adjacent to a resource-rich marsh suggests a hunting camp. It may A represent a Native American wigwam/wetu or Euro-American camp. These sites are rare and very underrepresented in eastern Massachusetts. Phase 3 N Data Recovery is recommended as the site cannot be avoided by proposed airport improvements. C E
24. ATTACH PORTION OF USGS QUAD WITH SITE AREA MARKED TO THIS FORM 25. SKETCH PLAN OF SITE 26. PHOTOS: Attach if available Label each with: Date of photo, photographer, view shown, name of site S I T E
P L A N
2
Scale: REPORTED NAME ADDRESS BY: Mary Harper 569 Middle Turnpike, Storrs, CT 06268
ORGANIZATION DATE AHS, Inc. 2/2013
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY FIELD EVALUATION
COMMENTS
3 FORM D − ARCHAEOLOGICALSURVEY HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
Continuation Sheet 1