DOCSLIB.ORG

Throvgh the Ages

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Throvgh the Ages • THROVGH THE AGES • E13 EJ^ E13 EJZl BIS Era • ElE EJH] ElEl EJa BIE] Era • DECEMBER. 1923 "The earth has grown old with its burden of care, But at Christmas it always is young; The heart of the jewel burns lustrous and fair, And its soul, full of music, breaks forth on the air When the song of the angels is sung." —^PHILLIPS BROOKS p EJT] ElS EJB El^ EJZl E13 D EJt] Era Bia Era C5^ i Eia Era ELEJ Era E13 Era D Eia Era E13 Bra ElEl EJB cS VOL.1 DECEMBER. 1923 NO. CONTENTS PAGE SOUTHWESTERN TRANSEPT. ELY CATHEDRAL . Frontispiece MARBLES OF GREAT BRITAIN 3 A LIST OF THE WORLD'S MARBLES 5 THE SEARCH FOR MARBLE QUARRIES 8 A WESTERN POST OFFICE 12 A MONUMENT TO WOMEN 13 STORE FRONTS AND INTERIORS OF MARBLE 17 UTAH'S FINE UNIVERSITY 24 NORMAN ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND 26 THE MARYLAND INSTITUTE 33 A MODERN HIGH SCHOOL 37 STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF MARBLE 40 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 42 Published Monthly by the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MARBLE DEALERS GAY AND WATF.R STREETS. BALTIMORE. MD. Executive Offices: 242 ROCKEFELLER BurLDiNC, CLEVELAND. OHIO Application for Second-Class Mailing Privilege has been filed at Baltimore. Md. Subscription Price $3.00 per year Single C^opies 35 cents Copyright. 1923. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MARBLE DEALERS Photograph from E. H. Glidden. Architect. Balto.. Md. Southwestern Transept. Ely Cathedral A Monthly Magazine devoted to the uses of Marble - its universal adaptability, beauty, permanency and economy CH/a VOL. 1 DECEMBER. 1923 NO. 8 MARBLES OF GREAT BRITAIN r I 'HE British Isles abound with marbles way of the complete development of the I of many varieties. Most of these ha\ e local quarries has been the excessi\e freight been worked for a long time, and are rates. It cost more (in IQOQ) to bring marble quarried in quantities sufficient to meet all in block from either Derbyshire or Devon• ordinary needs. One exception is a good shire to London than from either Italy or grade of white marble, which is hardly to be Belgium. The trade has been in the hands of found in all of Britain. Belgian and French firms, who naturally We find many references to the marbles of recommend the stocks which they either England in the writings of some of the old control or have on hand. Still another ob• authors. Hollingshead. in 1577' spoke of the stacle to SNStematic development has been many marbles of Staffordshire. Hutchings. the backwardness of the British owners in in 1724. said that several kinds of marbles of employing modern methods and machinery, a coarse texture, blue. red. spotted and gra\' as we know them in this country. (especially the gray), were fonnerly dug in The chief areas of marble production in Purbeck. Polwhele speaks of twenty-four Britain are Devonshire. Derbyshire and varieties of Devon, and Sir Henry de la Staffordshire in England; Sutherlandshire Beche also mentions the gray marbles spe• and the western Hebrides in Scotland; and cifically. GalNxay and Kilkenny in Ireland. British marbles have not been worked as Devonshire marbles are distinguished in assiduously as they might have been. This is particular by their beauty. They vary from due to the competition of the nearby French light pink and yellow to dark gray, almost and Belgium marbles. There are quite a black. Some of the red stones possess great number of extensive deposits that present luster. .Among the places noted for their stones of good quality and fine appearance, special marbles are Ippleton and Silverleigh but since no heavy stocks are carried on (gray with red streaks); Stonycombe (yel• hand for immediate delivery in England, the low) ; Ashburton and Chudleigh (gray); Rad• custom has prevailed of specifying imported ford (red) and Plymouth (red, gray and marble, which can be supplied in quicker fossil). Primitive methods, such as blasting, time. Another thing that has stood in the are resorted to in extracting the stone. The THROVGH THE AGES consequent shattering has given to these eral shades of green marbles that have come marbles a reputation for unsoundness. into general use of late years. These are of In Derbyshire, there are found at Works- serpentinous formation, as are the red and worth creamy white and medium gray blocks green varieties near Lizard Point, in Corn• of large sizes, often twenty tons or over. wall, and the greenish-brown at Polyphant. Dark gray fossil is also gotten from there, From Harehope, in Durham, comes a while black marble comes from near Ash- dark gray fossil marble of attractive mark• ford, as does also the kind known as Rose• ings; and a light green shell marble is quar• wood. Some of these marbles have a very ried near Swanage. Other production cen• close texture and are highly non-absorbent, ters of Great Britain are found at Suther- landshire (white), Lancashire (gray-white), as a consequence of which they are especi• Somerset (dark-gray), Sussex (blue-gray), ally suitable for exteriors because of their Beaumaris (brown-veined), and Swanage superior resistance to smoky atmospheres. (blue-gray shell). In the front of Moot Hall. Worksworth, there are three panels of Hopton-Wood mar• in Ireland, in County Cork, is quarried ble dating from 1818 in which the details of the reddish and brownish marbles so exten• the carving are as clear as when first exe• sively used in Great Britain, the Cork or cuted. These marbles are also eminently Victoria Red being especially popular. Kil• suited for interior decoration since pleasing kenny blacks and fossils find a ready market and are much used locally, as are several contrasts may be secured between the light other varieties from the same section. At and dark varieties, although the surfaces Connemara are seen the green serpentines will not take a brilliant polish. that compare favorably with any of this In Derbyshire and Staffordshire, at Fauld, type in the world. These have found their are found deposits of Alabaster, worked way to the United States in considerable mostly for the manufacture of plaster of quantities. The best quarries are at Recess, paris, although sizable sound blocks are set in County Galway, though other workings aside from time to time for decorative pur• are at Streamstown and Lissoughter. Black poses. marble is also found in County Galway. At lona and Tiree are to be found the sev• Photograph from E. H Gliddcn. Architect, Balto . Md. Lichfield Cathedral from Minster Pool. [4 THROVGH THE AGES A LIST OF THE WORLD'S MARBLES % J- J- MCCLYMONT Note—In our May issue. Mr. McClymont proposed, for the sake of convenience, to divide the different marbles into four groups. These arbitrary groupings were a.s follows: (jRoup A — Any marble or GROUP B — Any marble or GROUP C — Any marble or stone sold to the trade in fair- GROUP D—A\1I marble, stone stone sold to the trade in slabs stone that cannot be sold as and so-called serpentine mar• sized slabs or blocks of com• or blocks of fair or medium sound but contains a mini• mercial size, rectangularshape bles, and Onyx, which, by size, generally rectangular mum amount of natural de• their peculiar formation are and guaranteed by the seller shape, guaranteed to be sound fects, such as dry seams, old to be sound, free from natural known to be fragile, such as and free from natural defects, fractures, partially or com• Breccias and nearly all highly defects, that can be finished the finishing of which, be• pletely healed surface voids, at a minimum cost, and sold colored marbles and .serpen• cause of texture, the size of etc.. to be treated by the tines, and that are sold to the to the consumer as sound slabs, the .shape and size of manufacturer in the most ap• marble. trade in irregular shaped blocks, is somewhat more ex- proved manner, reinforced blocks or slabs without a pensi ve tban rhose in Group .\. where nece.s.sary by liners on guarantee as to their sound• back or metal inlays and sold ness, treated by the manu• to the consumer as semi- facturer in the most approved sound marble. manner, reinforced where nec• essary by liners on back or metal inlays and sold to the consumer as unsound marble. Breche De Smyrne—Group D Breche Medoux—Group D (Somewhat similar to Breche Di Smyrne.) Medoux Quarries, near Bagneres De Bi• Quarries near Bagneres. De Bigorre, gorre. Basses Pyrenees. France. Hautes, Pyrenees. France. Deep orange filler with fragments of black Reddish brown filler, with fragment of white, gray, yellow and brown. (Watson) white, pink and fawn. (Watson) Takes high polish. Takes high polish. Breche De Waulsort or Breche Francais— Breche Noir De Baudean or Breche Noire— Group D Group C Hastieres Quarry, near Namur. Belgium. Baudean Quarries, Hautes Pyrenees, Reddish brown filler with fragments of France. black, pink and white. Yellow filler with dark blue-gray frag• Some of the fragments are veined. (Wat• ments marked with fine colored veins. son) (Watson) Breche Du Nord—Group D Breche Noire Landelies Quarry, Namur. Belgium. Same as Breche Noir Baudean. Reddish brown with brownish black, ight pink, and white fragments. (Watson) Takes high polish. Breche Opal—Group D Stazzema Quarry, Seravezza, Italy. Breche Francais—See Breche De Waulsort Cream-white background with various Breche Jaune De Baudean—Group D light colored and purple fragments. Baudean Quarries. Hautes Pyrenees, Takes high polish. France. Dark yellow filler with angular fragments Breche Opal Flurie—Same as Breche Opal of white, black and red. (Watson) Takes high polish. Breche Pavonazzo—See Pavonazzo [5] THROVGH THE AGES Breche Porter—Group D British Columbia Marble Deposits Quarry at Bagneres De Luchon.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Story of Architecture
    A/ft CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FINE ARTS LIBRARY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 924 062 545 193 Production Note Cornell University Library pro- duced this volume to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. It was scanned using Xerox soft- ware and equipment at 600 dots per inch resolution and com- pressed prior to storage using CCITT Group 4 compression. The digital data were used to create Cornell's replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Stand- ard Z39. 48-1984. The production of this volume was supported in part by the Commission on Pres- ervation and Access and the Xerox Corporation. Digital file copy- right by Cornell University Library 1992. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924062545193 o o I I < y 5 o < A. O u < 3 w s H > ua: S O Q J H HE STORY OF ARCHITECTURE: AN OUTLINE OF THE STYLES IN T ALL COUNTRIES • « « * BY CHARLES THOMPSON MATHEWS, M. A. FELLOW OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS AUTHOR OF THE RENAISSANCE UNDER THE VALOIS NEW YORK D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 1896 Copyright, 1896, By D. APPLETON AND COMPANY. INTRODUCTORY. Architecture, like philosophy, dates from the morning of the mind's history. Primitive man found Nature beautiful to look at, wet and uncomfortable to live in; a shelter became the first desideratum; and hence arose " the most useful of the fine arts, and the finest of the useful arts." Its history, however, does not begin until the thought of beauty had insinuated itself into the mind of the builder.
    [Show full text]
  • 1846, U Ih~.11 Haw Bem for .Ome Time Milling Frol1l
    - -. -----~ THE OXFORD SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING THE S'fUDY ()F THE RULES, LIST OF THE MEMBERS, AND CATALOGUE OF tilE LIBRARY, DRAWINGS, AND ENGRAVINGS. MDCCCXLVI. -- ------.------ D'Q'lizedbyGoogle Di91tizedbyGOOgle ---- TilE OXFORD SOCIETY •....... __ ~·:i-Ili···ili7_ ... _____ _ T1t~ fnlltncillg IOllrl. Are lIot iracludtd ira lIte CAttl.logue fttr 1846, u Ih~.11 haw bem for .ome time milling frol1l. tAe Li/;Nr!l. Abbeys or Teviotdale. 4tll., Edinburgh, 1832. Berry's Encyclopedia of Heraldry. 4to.,3rd volume. Bristol ArchllllOlogicai Magazine. Nos. ~ and 3. Britton, J., History or Lincoln Cathedral. 4to., London. Caumont, }I. de, Coors d'AntiquitAis Monumentalee. Vol. o. Croke (Le Blount) Family, Genealogical History of. 2 vols.4to, 1823. Fuller'. History of the Wonhiea of England. Folio, 1662. GI0688ry of Architecture, Companion to the. 8ro., 1841. ~Ii11er, G., Description of Ely Cathedral. Royal 8vo., 1834. Wharton, H., Anglia Sacra. 2 vo]a., folio, London, 1691. Winkles, B., English Cathedrals. 3 ro]s., 4to., 1842. Fi'''. 10, 1846. • CATALOGUE OF THB LIBRARY. DllAWINGS. AND ENGRAVINGS. MDCCCXLVI. • • Digitized by Gd"o~l e • Digld,ed ~yGoogle THE OXFORD SOCIETY I'OB PROMOTING THE STUDY or THE RULES, LIST OF THE MEMBERS, AND CATALOGUE or TUB LIBRARY, DRAWINGS, AND ENGRAVINGS. KDCCCXLVI. , . D'9,tizedby J ~ogl ol[,oa .. : t.'MaD ay I. 'U'lInoJf, • Digitized by GoogIe Ta. pretlent is the tint complete Catalogue of the Books, Draw­ ings, and Engravings which has been made since 1843. Since that time very considerable additions have been made to the Society's Collection, and a new arrangement of several parts of it has been adopted.
    [Show full text]
  • A Geological Perspective on Climate Change and Building Stone Deterioration in London: Implications for Urban Stone-Built Heritage Research and Management
    atmosphere Review A Geological Perspective on Climate Change and Building Stone Deterioration in London: Implications for Urban Stone-Built Heritage Research and Management Sudeshna Basu 1,2,*, Scott Allan Orr 3 and Yasemin D. Aktas 4,5 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, UK 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7JE, UK 3 Institute for Sustainable Heritage, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK; [email protected] 4 Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Kings Cross, London WC1E 6DE, UK; [email protected] 5 UK Centre for Moisture in Buildings (UKCMB), London WC1H 0NN, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 June 2020; Accepted: 21 July 2020; Published: 26 July 2020 Abstract: The decay rates of building stones and, the processes leading to their deterioration is governed by intrinsic properties such as texture, mineralogy, porosity and pore size distribution, along with other extrinsic factors related to the climate and anthropogenic activities. For urban cities such as London, the influence of extrinsic factors like temperature and rainfall, as well as the concentrations of air pollutants, such as sulphur and nitrogen oxides, along with the emissions of carbonaceous aerosols, can be particularly significant. While considering the long-term preservation of building stones used in various heritage sites in the city, it is imperative to consider how the stone could be affected by the changing air pollutant concentrations, superimposed on the effects of climate change in the region, including rising average annual temperature and precipitation with a hotter, drier summer and, warmer, wetter winter months.
    [Show full text]
  • The Growth of the English House
    THE GROWTH OF THE ENGLISH HOUSE J.ALFRED GOTCH UNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY. LOS UNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY. LOS LIBRARY OF ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS Gift of WILLIAM M. CURKE The Growth of the ENGLISH HOUSE WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR. ARCHITECTURE OF THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND. Illustrated by a Series of Views and Details from Buildings erected between the years 1560 and 1635, with Historical and Critical Text. Contain- ing 145 folio Plates reproduced from Photographs, to- with measured &c. gether drawings, plans, details, , dispersed throughout the text. 2vols., large folio, in cloth or 2 vols. hand- portfolios, gilt, $50.00 net; , somely bound in half morocco, gilt, $60.00 net. "A work of national importance. Though these halls are with us now, it would be rash to say that we shall have them for ever, but while these volumes remain we shall always have a memorial the most remains splendid " of splendid oj the England of the past, The Daily News. EARLY RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND. An Historical and Descriptive Account of the Development of the Tudor, Elizabethan, and Jacobean Periods, 1500-1625. With 87 Collotype and other Plates and 230 Illustrations in the Text from Drawings by various accomplished Draughtsmen, and from Photographs specially taken. Medium 8vo. $9.00 net. This work is quite independent and distinct, both in plan and illustration, from the author's larger work, and is in no sense a reduced or cheaper edition of it. Of the 317 Illustra- tions only about twelve are taken from the larger book. SHELDONS, WILTSHIRE. The Growth of the ENGLISH HOUSE A Short Hiftory of its Architectural Development from HOOtoiSOO B7 J.ALFRED GOTCH, F.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Complete the Front of Your Book, I Will Tell You Your Minimum Expectation and Aspirational Target
    5:005:00 timer 1. Complete the front of your book, I will tell you your Minimum Expectation and Aspirational Target Name: 2. Fill out your progress tracking sheet Subject: History: Special Study Modules and glue it onto the back page of your Teacher: Mr Nicholson Class: 8B4 book. Book Number: 1 Minimum Exp: Asp Target: 3. Complete the Vocabulary Audit and glue into the front of your book. Assessment Assessment Title: Step/ EXTENSION: Answer these questions in Grade the back of your book. 1 Vikings and Empire a) What makes a country a country? 2 Suffragettes and Russian Revolution 3 Civil Rights, b) How are countries formed? Vietnam and Roswell c) When did England become 4 Assassinations and England? Flashpoints Vocabulary Audit – Vikings Tick the box for each word that best represents your knowledge and understanding of it: A)I have never seen this word before B)I have heard and seen it, but I’m not sure what it means C)I know the word and sometimes use it D)I can understand this word totally and feel comfortable explaining it to others KEY WORD A B C D Chronology Misconception Castleford Academy – 3 Universal Rules • Our 3 universal rules are: 1. In pairs, write one of these words on your •Ready whiteboard. 2. List as many ways as Universal rules: possible you can follow rule of law and mutual respect •Respect this universal rule in History lessons. •Safe CHALLENGE: What have you already done to meet these rules in today’s lesson? In school this means: • Ready • Arriving to lessons on time.
    [Show full text]
  • D. Building Types
    D. BUILDING TYPES D8. OTHER BUILDING TYPES A History of Building Types by N.B.L. Pevsner, 1976, contains international surveys and bibliographies of the following subjects: national monuments and monuments to genius; government buildings from the late twelfth to the late seventeenth century (Houses of Parliament, ministries and public offices, town halls, law courts); theatres; libraries; museums; hospitals; prisons; hotels; exchanges and banks; warehouses and office buildings; railway stations; market halls; conservatories and exhibition buildings; shops; stores and department stores; factories. D8A. ALMSHOUSES AND WORKHOUSES Bailey, B. 1988 Almshouses Dickens, A. 1976 The architect and the workhouse, Architectural Review 160 (December), 345–52 Godfrey, W.H. 1955 The English Almshouse, with some account of its predecessor, the medieval almshouse Morrison, Kathyrn 1999 The Workhouse: a study of poor-law buildings in England D8B. BRIDGES Blakstad, L. 2002 Bridge: the Architecture of Connection Bostico, M. 1970 Early concrete bridges in Britain 1867–1910, Concrete 4 (September), 363–6 Cossons, N., and Trinder, B. 1979 The Iron Bridge, symbol of the Industrial Revolution Henry, D., and Jerome, J.A. 1965 Modern British Bridges Jervoise, E. 1930–36, reprinted 1973 The Ancient Bridges of the South of England, 1930; of the North of England, 1931; of Mid and Eastern England, 1932; of Wales and Western England, 1936 Maré, E. de 1975 Bridges of Britain Public Works, Roads and Transport Congress 1933 British Bridges: an illustrated technical and historical record Richards, J.M. 1984 1 Building Types The National Trust Book of Bridges Ruddock, E. 1979 Arch Bridges and Their Builders, 1735–1835 Ruddock, Ted (ed.) 2000 Masonry Bridges, Viaducts and Aqueducts (Studies in the History of Civil Engineering, 2) Sealey, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Winchester Stone by Dr John Parker (PDF)
    Winchester Stone by John Parker ©2016 Dr John Parker studied geology at Birmingham and Cambridge universities. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of London. For over 30 years he worked as an exploration geologist for Shell around the world. He has lived in Winchester since 1987. On retirement he trained to be a Cathedral guide. The Building of Winchester Cathedral – model in the Musée de la Tapisserie, Bayeux 1 Contents Introduction page 3 Geological background 5 Summary of the stratigraphic succession 8 Building in Winchester Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon periods 11 Early medieval period (1066-1350) 12 Later medieval period (1350-1525) 18 16th to 18th century 23 19th to 21st century 24 Principal stone types 28 Chalk, clunch and flint 29 Oolite 30 Quarr 31 Caen 33 Purbeck 34 Beer 35 Upper Greensand 36 Portland 38 Other stones 40 Weldon 40 Chilmark 41 Doulting 41 French limestones 42 Coade Stone 42 Decorative stones, paving and monuments 43 Tournai Marble 43 Ledger stones and paving 44 Alabaster 45 Jerusalem stone 45 Choice of stone 46 Quarries 47 A personal postscript 48 Bibliography and References 50 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Photographs and diagrams are by the author, unless otherwise indicated 2 Introduction Winchester lies in an area virtually devoid of building stone. The city is on the southern edge of the South Downs, a pronounced upland area extending from Salisbury Plain in the west to Beachy Head in the east (Figs. 1 & 2). The bedrock of the Downs is the Upper Cretaceous Chalk (Fig. 3), a soft friable limestone unsuited for major building work, despite forming impressive cliffs along the Sussex coast to the east of Brighton.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hammer-Beam Roof: Tradition, Innovation and the Carpenter’S Art in Late Medieval England
    The Hammer-Beam Roof: Tradition, Innovation and the Carpenter’s Art in Late Medieval England Robert Beech A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Art History, Film and Visual Studies College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham September 2014 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis is about late medieval carpenters, their techniques and their art, and about the structure that became the fusion of their technical virtuosity and artistic creativity: the hammer-beam roof. The structural nature and origin of the hammer-beam roof is discussed, and it is argued that, although invented in the late thirteenth century, during the fourteenth century the hammer-beam roof became a developmental dead-end. In the early fifteenth century the hammer-beam roof suddenly blossomed into hundreds of structures of great technical proficiency and aesthetic acumen. The thesis assesses the role of the hammer-beam roof of Westminster Hall as the catalyst to such renewed enthusiasm. This structure is analysed and discussed in detail.
    [Show full text]
  • Building the Victorian City: Splendour and Squalor Transcript
    Building the Victorian City: Splendour and Squalor Transcript Date: Wednesday, 10 October 2012 - 6:00PM Location: Museum of London 10 October 2012 Building the Victorian city: Splendour and Squalor Dr Simon Thurley While the seventeenth century had been characterised by the enormous and rapid growth of London urban growth in the eighteenth century was more evenly spread. London continued to grow, but the number and size of provincial towns increased too. In 1801 the government commissioned the first official census; it found that 8.3 million people lived in England an increase of about 25% since 1750. By 1831 the population was 13.1m. England’s population was increasing 50% faster than any other European country and a third of its people lived in towns. Between 1800 and 1841 Sheffield doubled in size, Bradford grew by 10%, Leeds tripled from 50,000 in 1800 to 150,000 by the mid century, Manchester went up from 95,000 to 350,000. Impressively England managed to feed this urban expansion. By 1800 each farm worker produced enough to support two workers in manufacturing and services. London and the northern manufacturing towns sucked in excess rural labour creating new jobs in handicraft and retail, traditional employments with independent masters and only a small waged workforce. In these businesses an imperative developed to introduce machines, not because there was a shortage of people, but because employing them was expensive. A London labourer’s wages were 14 grams of silver a day while in Amsterdam it was 9 grams and only two in Vienna. In these lectures I have stressed the role of towns and their inhabitants in architectural innovation and change.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of England Under the Anglo-Saxon Kings
    HISTORY OF ENGLAND UXDER THE ANGLO-SAXON KINGS o ^t CransIatcK from tfjc ©crman^trf. J. M. LAPPEXBERG,* F.S.A., FORMERLY KEEPER OP THE ARCHIVES OF THE CITY OF HAMBURG BY THE LATE BENJAMIN THORPE^ F.S. A., EDITOR OF THE ' ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE,' 'ANCIENT LAWS AND INSTITUTES OF ENGLAND,' ETC. NEW EDITION REVISED BY E. C. OTTE O IN TWO VOLUMES. Vol. I. \T LONDON': GEORGE BELL AND SONS, YORK STREET, COY EXT GARDEN. 1881. LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWE8 AND SONS, LIMITED, BIAVFOKD STRKET AND CHABQI NOTE Mr. Thorpe's Translation of Dr. Lappenberg's History of the Anglo-Saxons having been for some years out of print, it has been thought expedient to republish it in the cheaper and more convenient form of the Standard Library. A thorough revision of the Trans- lation has been made for the present edition, while a few of the passages, originally omitted with the full concurrence of the Author, have been restored. These and" other alterations, including the division of the matter into chapters, together with the addition of an Index, and occasional notes, giving the more recent dates of the publication of works referred to in the text, will, it is hoped, be found to have increased the value of Mr. Thorpe's Translation. E. C. 0. 1 London, 1880. — CONTENTS OF VOL. I. Author's Preface ...... Page xi Translator's Preface xvii Literary Introduction xxi PAET I. BRITAIN UNDER THE ROMANS, B.C. 54. CHAPTER I. Earliest Knowledge of Britain—Descent and Tradilions Language — Religion — Government — Customs— Tribes First Appearance of Romans—Julius Caesar ; his Account of Britain—Departure of Roman Legions .
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Biographies of American Architects Who Died Between 1897 and 1947
    Brief Biographies of American Architects Who Died Between 1897 and 1947 Transcribed from the American Art Annual by Earle G. Shettleworth, Jr., Director, Maine Historic Preservation Commission. Between 1897 and 1947 the American Art Annual and its successor volume Who's Who in American Art included brief obituaries of prominent American artists, sculptors, and architects. During this fifty-year period, the lives of more than twelve-hundred architects were summarized in anywhere from a few lines to several paragraphs. Recognizing the reference value of this information, I have carefully made verbatim transcriptions of these biographical notices, substituting full wording for abbreviations to provide for easier reading. After each entry, I have cited the volume in which the notice appeared and its date. The word "photo" after an architect's name indicates that a picture and copy negative of that individual is on file at the Maine Historic Preservation Commission. While the Art Annual and Who's Who contain few photographs of the architects, the Commission has gathered these from many sources and is pleased to make them available to researchers. The full text of these biographies are ordered alphabetically by surname: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z For further information, please contact: Earle G. Shettleworth, Jr., Director Maine Historic Preservation Commission 55 Capitol Street, 65 State House Station Augusta, Maine 04333-0065 Telephone: 207/287-2132 FAX: 207/287-2335 E-Mail: [email protected] AMERICAN ARCHITECTS' BIOGRAPHIES: ABELL, W.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorials of the Hospital of St. Cross and Alms House of Noble Poverty
    c-^ jr:c.'A A - -r - - ^ - - ^- WINCHESTER: IMPRINTED BY M. A. WARREN. MEMORIALS OF THE HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS AND aims ^otise of Noble BEV. L. M. HUMBERT, M.A. OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD, AND MASTER OF ST. CROSS. ILLUSTRATED WITH THIRTEEN PHOTOGRAPHS BY W. SAVAGE, AND NUMEROUS WOODCUTS. WINCHESTER: WILLIAM SAVAGE, PHOTOGRAPHIC PUBLISHER, HIGH STREET. LONDON : MESSRS. PARKER & CO., 377, STRAND. M DCCCLXVIII. DEDICATION TO THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER. ort* 0f Minrhster; relate of most noble rtor of iarter f t|e % ; of of f atron anb Visitor tty fospital faint Cross, deep thankfulness I avail myself of the privilege of sending forth these pages under your Lordships patronage. Whether from a public or private point of view, there is assuredly no one to u-hom I could ivith so much propriety dedicate these Memorials of St. Cross. Originally founded by one of your distinguished predecessors in the See of Winchester, resuscitated by another, and largely endowed by a third ; this noble in these last little to Institution is, days, not a indebted your Lordship's own generous supervision. times of De Blois and Beaufort, of Wykeham and Fox, have long since passed away ; and our lot is cast in days of re- trenchment and economy. But we rejoice that the See of Winchester, (spared during your Lordship's Episcopate), has hitherto remained unimpaired ; and that while we possess a spiritual Father hi the Gospel, we have also a Prelate in whose large and unostentatious liberality ive are often reminded of the munificence and zeal that distinguished some of the earlier rulers of this important diocese.
    [Show full text]