Trinity Square Conservation Area Draft Character Summary and Management Strategy SPD
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City of London Trinity Square Conservation Area Draft Character Summary and Management Strategy SPD Trinity Square CA Draft Character Summary and Management Strategy SPD – Feb 2014 1 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 Character Summary ............................................................................................. 4 1. Location and context .............................................................................. 4 2. Designation history ................................................................................... 5 3. Summary of character ............................................................................ 5 4. Historical development ........................................................................... 5 5. Spatial analysis ........................................................................................ 11 6. Character analysis ................................................................................. 14 7. Land uses and related activity ............................................................. 21 8. Architectural character ........................................................................ 21 9. Local details ............................................................................................ 21 10. Building materials ................................................................................... 23 11. Open spaces and trees ........................................................................ 23 12. Public realm ............................................................................................ 23 13. Cultural associations .............................................................................. 24 Management Strategy ....................................................................................... 25 14. Planning Policy ....................................................................................... 25 15. Access and an Inclusive Environment ................................................ 28 16. Environmental Enhancement .............................................................. 29 17. Transport .................................................................................................. 30 18. Management of Open Spaces and Trees ........................................ 30 19. Archaeology .......................................................................................... 31 20. Enforcement ........................................................................................... 32 21. Condition of the Conservation Area .................................................. 32 Further reading and references ........................................................................ 33 Appendices ........................................................................................................ 34 Contacts .............................................................................................................. 35 Trinity Square CA Draft Character Summary and Management Strategy SPD – Feb 2014 2 Introduction The present urban form and character of the City of London has evolved over many centuries and reflects numerous influences and interventions: the character and sense of place is hence unique to that area, contributing at the same time to the wider character of the City. This character summary and management strategy provides an understanding of the significance of the conservation area by identifying and analysing its principal characteristics. It does not include specific detail about every building and feature within the area, and any omission from the text should not be interpreted as an indication of lesser significance. The character summary and management strategy has been prepared in line with the English Heritage document Understanding Place: Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management (2011). This document is proposed to be adopted as a Supplementary Planning Document. It should be read in conjunction with the City of London Core Strategy, the emerging City of London Local Plan, saved policies from the City of London Unitary Development Plan and other guidance, including ‘Conservation Areas in the City of London, A General Introduction to their Character’ (1994) which has more information on the history and character of the City. Former Port of London Authority Building Trinity Square CA Draft Character Summary and Management Strategy SPD – Feb 2014 3 Character Summary 1. Location and context Trinity Square Conservation Area is in the South-East of the City of London, adjacent to the boundary with the London Boroughs of Tower Hamlets. It is situated to the North-West of the Tower of London on an area of relatively high ground. The conservation area is bound by Trinity Gardens and Byward Street, Coopers Row, Crutched Friars, Hart Street, and Seething Lane. The conservation area is located in Tower Ward and covers an area of 16,421 sq. metres. Trinity Square Conservation Area shares a boundary with Fenchurch Street Station Conservation Area on its northern side, and with Lloyd’s Avenue Conservation Area, just beyond that. Crescent Conservation Area lies a short distance to the east. Boundary Map Trinity Square CA Draft Character Summary and Management Strategy SPD – Feb 2014 4 2. Designation history 16 May 1991 Designated as part of Tower Conservation Area 01 April 1994 Minor extensions to Tower Conservation Area following the Boundary Commission’s Review of local administrative boundaries 16 June 2007 Re-designation of part of Tower Conservation Area as Trinity Square Conservation Area 3. Summary of character The characteristics which contribute to the special interest of Trinity Square Conservation Area are summarised as follows: The principal interest is the dominance of the former Port of London Authority building (10 Trinity Square), Trinity House and the Church of St Olave. A conservation area focused on an intact group of mostly early 20th Century buildings with a distinctive Imperial character unified by the use of Portland stone with a high level of decorated and Classical details. A formal network of streets with a southern open aspect over Trinity Gardens. The southern part of the conservation area lies within the local setting boundary of the Tower of London World Heritage Site. Tightly drawn boundaries with opportunities limited to proposals that preserve or enhance the conservation area. 4. Historical development Early history Evidence for prehistoric occupation is limited, and comes from a small assemblage of flint scrapers and cutting tools of late Bronze Age and early Iron Age pottery. A later Iron Age burial was found at the Tower of London. For much of the 1st and 2nd centuries the area lay beyond the fringes of the Roman city. The principal area of Roman settlement and growth lay to the west centred on the Walbrook stream. Another stream, the Lorteburn was in the eastern part of the city. The conservation area lies inside the Roman City Trinity Square CA Draft Character Summary and Management Strategy SPD – Feb 2014 5 wall, built during the early 3rd Century. The wall enclosed a large area of just under 330 acres (133 ha). This area may have been relatively undeveloped in the Roman period. Evidence suggests that occupation in the early Roman period comprised low-density development inside the area later to be enclosed by the city wall. This was characterised by enclosures for animals and small fields (evidenced by parallel ditches). There is also evidence of 1st and 2nd century Roman buildings and glass making activity in the area. Later in the Roman period it appears that several large-scale high-status buildings were constructed, including some with substantial wall foundations. At least three metalled roads with timber lined drainage ditches have also been found. Close to the Church of St Olave, Roman tessellated pavements were discovered during excavations for sewers in 1839-41. A sculpture of three mother goddesses was also found, probably coming from a temple or a shrine, and further indicating the richness of Roman activity in this part of the city. The roads and some of the buildings show evidence of repair and replacement suggesting a denser and more diverse activity for this part of Londinium. Evidence of a monumental building dating to the 3rd century AD has been recorded east of Seething Lane. The building had two rows of large stone pier bases, indicating it may have been a basilical building. Along the riverfront, there is evidence of quays or hithes, being formed, with sides lined with timbers and stakes, where ships could moor and be loaded or unloaded. In the post-Roman period, there is limited evidence of activity until the later period of 11th century. Medieval This area was transformed by the construction of the Tower of London, beginning with the White Tower in the 1090s. During this period there were successive modifications undertaken to the Roman defences. Maps from c.1270 show the rapid development of the City that followed the Norman Conquest and the basic street pattern that survives today. An area of land was originally kept open around the Tower for its defence, known as the Tower Liberty. The earliest street to be mentioned is Seething Lane, called Shyvethenstrat in 1257; the name derives from the Old English for chaff, which may refer to corn being threshed and winnowed in the lane. The name became Syvidlane, and later