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La Renaissance En France: Quelques Contributions De Ronsard Et De Du Bellay a La Poesié Francaį Se Leyla Audi Peck Waddell Eastern Illinois University

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La Renaissance En France: Quelques Contributions De Ronsard Et De Du Bellay a La Poesié Francaį Se Leyla Audi Peck Waddell Eastern Illinois University Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1973 La Renaissance en France: Quelques Contributions de Ronsard et de du Bellay a la Poesié Francaį se Leyla Audi Peck Waddell Eastern Illinois University Recommended Citation Waddell, Leyla Audi Peck, "La Renaissance en France: Quelques Contributions de Ronsard et de du Bellay a la Poesié Francaį se" (1973). Masters Theses. 3768. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3768 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REt!AISSAf'!CE FRANCE; I.A E.r QUEigUES CONTRIBUTIONS DU BELI.AY A LA DE RONSARD ET DE POESIE FRANQAISE (TITLE} BY LEYLA AUDI PECK WADDELL THESIS SUBMIITED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF OF A..'RTS FRENCH MASTER IN IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS �YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE /fl.�- 7!3 DATE . � 1 I Di 1 '3. b.ec DATE PAPER CERTIFICATE #2 TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permiss ion to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. Date Author I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because ��- 1973 Date pdm Je voudra.i s remercier Dr. Elizabeth Michael, Dr. Martin M. Miess, et Dr. Lavern M. Ha.ma.nd pour leur pat ience. Je remercie �ga.lement Mlle Mary Elizabeth Scott pour l'emploi de sa machine a �crire; mon ma.ri, Robert c. Waddell, et mon :fils, John Alexandre Peck pour leur photographie. TABLE DES MATIBRES �OD UCTION. .. • . • . • . • • • • • . • • • . • • • . • . • . • • • • • . • . • • . P8g'e 1 CERTAINS EVIDIEME!'lTS QUI PREPARENr IA RENAIBSANCE EN FRANCE • • ET D'Al'T RES Q.UI IA RAIENI'ISSENT. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 QUEIQ.UES POETES LYRIQUES DU xve S IE CLE••• ; ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 IES PREMIERES LUEURS DE IA RENAISSANCE. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 FREND er IA RENAISSANCE SON ESSOR OFFICIELIEMENT sous FRAN�OIS r . 25 L'HIBTOIRE IAISS E SON EMPREINrE SURPIERRE DE RONSARD•••••••••••••• 33 LAZARE DE BA.IF, HOMME DE IETTRES ET DIPWMATE, HEBERGE RONSARD..... 46 HENRI II SUCCEDE A FRAN�OIS rer •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••.• 49 TROIS JEUNES INTELLECTUEIS .AU COLLEGE DE COQUERET... .............. 53 IA DEFFENCE ET r.!...LUST RATION DE IA IANGUE FRANQOYSE................. 58 L'ENTREE OFFICIELLE D'HENRI II ET DE CA.THERINE DE MED ICIS A PARIS EN JUIN 1549 INAUGURE UNE NOUVELLE PAGE D'HIS TOIRE•••••••••••••• 68 IA DE:E"msE DE IA DE:F'P'ENCE.• • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 74 BELIAY DU PERFECTIOIDlE IE SONNET; IBS REGREI'S RESTENT UN CHEF-D'OEUVRE DE LYRISME PERSONNEL••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••• 78 RONSARD YAITRE DE L'ODE ET DE L'AIEXANDRIN DOMINE IE SIECIE PAR IA VARIETE ET IA QUANTTIE DE SON OE UVRE.... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 92 CONCLUSION: LE IEGS DE IA RENAISSANCE ••• ••• ••••••••••••••••••••••• 102 1 APPENDICE: L'ORI'HOGRAPHE DE IA ILLUSTRATION DE IA DEFmTCE Er IA�GUE FRA�YCOYSE; DE LA CONTRI!3TJrION DES IMPRilv1EURS DU xvre SIECLE A IA IANGUE ECRITE.••.•.••••••••••. Page 106 BIBLIOGRA.PHIE. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 108 ii * ILLUSTRATIONS Tableau �n�alogique des Rois de France: Les Valois•••••••••••• Page 8 Ca.rtes de la France avant et pendant la Guerre de Cent Ans ••.•. ...... 9 Ch&teaudun Si�cle, se Dresse Majestueusement sur le Loir • ••••••• � 12 Charles d'Orllans Prisonnier ! la Tour Blanche, Londres••••••••••••• 13 Johann Gutenberg (vl398-vl468), ! Mayence sur Rhin; . La Bible! 42 Lignes de Gutenberg ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 Tenture de Dame! la Licorne -- Fin du Si�cle •••••••••••••••• 21 la x:ye Chateau d'An:boise, Chateau Politioue; Le Clos-Luc�, Derni�re R��idence de 1'onard de Vinci •••••••••••••••• 22 Chateau de Blois, Chateau des Architectures•••••• ••••••••••••••••••• 23 La Sculpture Tombale entre 1499 et 1531 •••.••.••.••••••.•••.•••••••• 24 Le Tonibeau de Deux des Enfants de Charles VIII et d 'Anne Le Tombeau de Louis XII et d 'Anne de Bretagne Statue de Guillaume Bud� dans la Cour du Coll�ge de France; La L'Inscription A l'Entr�e de la Biblioth�que Nationale••••••••.•••••• 29 Cha.mbord, Chatea.u Flerique. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 Fontainebleau, Chateau A l'Italienne; La Cour Ovale et l'Ancien Pavillon de Chasse••••• ••• •••••••••••••••• 31 Galerie Fran�ois rer ! Fontainebleau; La de er Sali�e de Fran�ois I ex�cutle par Cellini ••••••••••••••••••••• La 32 Chateaux de la Renaissance, Dlplacements et Rlsidences de la au Si�cle (carte)•••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Cour xvre 36 Plans de Paris: Temps des Remains; du Moyen Age ( augmentl Du de certs.ins batiments du temps de Ronsard� ••••••••••••••••••••••• 45 «Ici s'Elevait le Coll�ge de Coqueretn······························ 52 Salle de Bal d'Henri Fontainebleau ••••.••••••••••••••••••••• I.e. II! 71 Lot.IVre de Pierre Lescot.. I.e . 72 * Toutes les photos ont �t� pris�s par Robert C. Waddell, sauf celle de l'armure d'Henri II (p.96), et celle du bouclier et morion de Charles IX (p.97), qui furent prises par John Alexandre Peck. Les photos de Fontainebleau et de la sali�re de Fran�ois rer furent obtenues sur place. iii .... Chenonceaux, Chateau des Dames••.••••• !• •••••••••••••••••• •••• Page 73 Rome, Gravure par Antonio Desio, 1561.: •• ••••••• ••••• •••• •••••• ••••80-81 Les Thermes de Diocl�tien, R�sidence du Cardinal du Bellay! Rome.. 80 · Le FortllD Roma,in•• •••••••••••••••••• ; •••• ••••••••• ••••••••••• • • • • • • • 83 Tibre seul, quivers la mer s'enfuit, / Restent de Rome»········ .r,e 84 Du Bellay Contemporain de Michel-Ange.............................. 85 Statue de Mofse de Michel-Ange; Fresque du Jugement pernier Honn:na.ge a. Ronsard.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 90 •Migno."'IIl� allon voir si la Roze, .•.»(musique--fascicule)........... 91 Armure de C�r�monie d'Henri II, 1547-1559.......................... 96 Bouclier J.iorion Or Emaill� de Charles et en IX, 1560-1574.......... 97 La I.oire ! Tours................................................... 100 L'Horloge du Palais de Justice! Parie, Symbole des Valois ••••••.•• 101 iv INTRODUCTION · La Renaissance en France prend son essor officiellement sous Fran�ois :rer (1515-1547). Les HU!llanistes itudient les textes anciens, ils y tirent une appriciation morale et artistique. Les imprimeries dirlgtfos par des savants, des �rudits, props.gent le savoir. Les hommes de sciences �tudient le syst�e solaire, quelques-uns d'entre eux con- cluent que la. Terre n'est pas le centre .de l'univers. Les d�couvertes giographiques se succ�dent, ce qui of'f're aux hommes un univers d'une inf'inie vari�ti. C'est une ph-iode extra.ordinaire dans 1'his toire de 1'h umanit�. Sous Henri II (1547-1559), la Renaissance est en plein ipa­ nouissement a.rtistique. Le culte de la bea�ti existe sous toutes ses formes: la beauti dans l'architecture, dans la peinture et dans la. sculpture. L'iligance et le luxe y r�gnent partout. <�C'est dans les moments o� l'histoire humaine est_poitique qu'il y a des po�tes. Dans les autres moments, il n'y a que des versi­ 1 ficateurs. » xv:re Or, le moment est propice en France vers le milieu du si�cle pour deux jeunes po�tes de se distinguer. C'est dans ces cir­ constances que Joachim du Bei.Ucy' (1522-1560) et Pierre de Ronsard (1524-1585) se permettent de formuler un prograJ?llile audacieux pour le ra.f'finement et la gloire dela. po,sie franyaise et d'y r�ussir • ••• I1 ya, en effet au XV� si�cle, une dizaine d'ann�es privi­ ligiies, auxquelles rien ne peut etre compar�, annies d'flan unanilne 1JAuis Pauwels, «D'une Renaissance a l'Autre OU l'Esprit des Contemporains du Futur» dans Maurice Toesca, Oeuvres Po�tiques de · Pierre de Ronsard, avec des illustrations de Dunoyer de Segonzac (Paris: Spadem, 1963), p. 20. 1 2 qui font penser d'avance aux belles journees des luttes roman­ tiques. Elles correspondent au r�gne trop court d'Henri II (1547-1559). Ce roi n'etait pas un lettre comrne son p�re; il s'interessait plus aux arts et aux tournois qu'aux jeux de la pcesie. Mais. il avait une soeur, la vive et simillante Marguerite de France, qui etait la protectrice-nee des po�tes et Ge n'etait pas en vain que sa femme Catherine de Medicis etait nee dans la capitale meme de la Renaissance. Jamais cour ne fut plus frequentee, plus fastueuse, plus amie des fetes, plus ouverte A tout ce qui pouvait rehausser la gloire du r�gne • ••• Ainsi, qu'on se tourne du cote des arts, du cote de la pcesie, ou vers la cour e France, les annees d'H�nri II brillent d'un eclat incomparable. � Du Bellay perfectionne le sonnet. Les Regrets restent un chef- d'oeuvre de lyrisme personnel. Ronsard, mattre de l'ode et de l'alexandrin dornine le si�cle par la va.riete et la qua.ntite de son oeuvre. lRaoul Mor�ay et Armand MUller, La Renaissance (Paris: Del Duca, 1�6o), p.238. �TAINS EVEN»1ENTS QUI PREPARENT LA RENAISSANCE EN FRANCE ET D'AUTRES QUI LA RALENTISSENT Il est probable que la Renaissance en France prend ses racines dans les Croisades. Avant c�la le pays avait ete ravage par les grandes invasions. Enfin, avant la fin du� si�cle, il n'est gu�re pennis de parler de la France ni d'une civilisation proprement fran�aise.
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