THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE

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OCTOBER 2014 No. 922 CAN UK TRIALS PUT LRT ON THE RIGHT TRACK?

‘Big data’ offers big opportunities for transit analysis DART reaches Dallas/Forth Worth Perth approves light rail airport link restarts subway debate ISSN 1460-8324 £4.10 10 The complex history Renewal for ’s of a great network only tramway 9 771460 832036 TRANSPORT SECURITY EXPO Stand B38, 2 - 3 December 2014

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For more information about Rosehill Rail’s Level Crossing systems, call Peter Anderson on +44 (0)1422 317 482, or email [email protected]. Alternatively visit our website www.rosehillrail.com 426 CONTENTS The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association October 2014 Vol. 77 No. 922 www.tramnews.net EDITORIAL 420 EDITOR Simon Johnston Tel: +44 (0)1733 367601 E-mail: [email protected] 13 Orton Enterprise Centre, Bakewell Road, Peterborough PE2 6XU, UK ASSOCIATE EDITOR Tony Streeter E-mail: [email protected] WORLDWIDE EDITOR Michael Taplin Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK. E-mail: [email protected] NEWS EDITOR John Symons 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail: [email protected] SENIOR CONTRIBUTOR Neil Pulling WORLDWIDE CONTRIBUTORS 433 Tony Bailey, James Chuang, Paul Nicholson, Richard Felski, Ed Havens, Bill Vigrass, Andrew Moglestue, Mike Russell, Nikolai Semyonov, Vic Simons, NEWS 412 SYSTEMS FACTFILE: TALLINN 433 Alain Senut, Thomas Wagner. DART reaches Dallas/Fort Worth; Perth’s Neil Pulling reports on Estonia’s only PRODUCTION Lanna Blyth AUD2.2bn expansion approved; tramway as the capital’s system undergoes Tel: +44 (0)1733 367604 E-mail: [email protected] airport testing starts; Toronto Mayor infrastructure reconstruction and DESIGN campaigns on subway ticket. regeneration. Debbie Nolan ADVERTISING INNOTRANS 2014 418 WORLDWIDE REVIEW 437 COMMERCIAL MANAGER With the industry preparing for this year’s Gold Coast passenger numbers exceed Geoff Butler show, we take a peek at what to expect. established lines; Calgary extension Tel: +44 (0)1733 367610 E-mail: [email protected] opened; Jerusalem expansion work PUBLISHER MOSCOW: PART ONE 420 begins; test running underway on Basel’s Howard Johnston Mike Russell looks at the early integration of international route; San Antonio tramway Tramways & Urban Transit is jointly published by the and Metro in one of the world’s most plan put on ice. LRTA and LRTA Publishing on the third Friday of each month preceding the cover date. complex transit systems. LRTA WEBSITE AND DIARY MAILBOX 442 Brian Lomas THE IDEAL TRACKFORM 426 Re-thinking Metrolink; and fair E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] UK Tram on its innovation competition - competition for ’s buses and LRTA MEMBERSHIP (with TAUT subscription) designed to save trackform costs. . Tramways & Urban Transit is sent free to all paid-up members of the Light Rail Transit Association. BIG DATA AND BIG OPPORTUNITIES 431 CLASSIC TRAMS: LISBON 444 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND MEMBERSHIP ENQUIRIES As a data collection and predictive analysis The museum in Portugal’s capital has LRTA Membership Secretary (Dept T06), 38 Wolseley Road, Sale M33 7AU, UK. tool, big data could change the way transit recently undergone a revamp – Mike Russell Tel: +44 (0)117 9517785 operators understand and run their systems. pays a visit to its latest incarnation. BACK ISSUES Tel: +44 (0)1406 373070 PRINT AND DISTRIBUTION Warners (Midlands) plc, The Maltings, West Street, Bourne, Light rail: Door-to-door international service Lincs PE10 9PH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1778 391000. How many times have you landed at an airport in an unfamiliar city and LRTA REGISTERED OFFICE found yourself immediately looking for a taxi rank to get to your final c/o 138 Radnor Avenue, Welling, Kent DA16 2BY, UK. Private company limited by guarantee, No. 5072319 destination? Some cities have effective heavy rail links that will speed to in and Wales. you to a central terminus to make onward journeys, many others have bus LRTA CHAIRMAN services, but tramway, light rail and metro services are increasingly seen Andrew Braddock as the fixed link of choice to give permanence and add attractiveness to a city. First E-mail: [email protected] impressions count, and a regular, comfortable service that links you to a city centre with LRTA DEPUTY CHAIRMAN intermediate stops has to be preferable to hunting around for an (often expensive) taxi. Paul Rowen This month we’ve seen the opening of the Orange line link to Dallas/Fort Worth LRTA PUBLISHING REGISTERED OFFICE: International Airport, four months early, connecting North America’s largest LRT system c/o 8 Berwick Place, Welwyn Garden City, Herts AL7 4TU, UK. Private Limited Company, No. 06169422 to the rest of the world. DFW CEO Sean Donohue sums the importance of this line well: in England and Wales. “This is a momentous day... passenger rail is a critical component to DFW's status as a © LRTA Publishing 2014. top-tier international gateway. With the DART Orange line connecting DFW to downtown Articles are submitted on the understanding they may also Dallas, DFW is now on a par with global hub airports that have integrated rail.” later be used on our websites or other media. A contribution Our Mailbox pages have seen debate on the role of Edinburgh’s new tramway and its is accepted on the basis that its author is responsible for the opinions expressed in it, and such opinions are not those of connections to the Scottish capital’s airport over the past few issues and in England LRTA Publishing or the LRTA. All rights reserved. has begun trial running on its own airport link. This is on track No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in to open an astonishing 12 months early, a testament to the momentum of growth and any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and the system’s ability to build a strong skills base as it expands quickly. retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from The last month has also seen the Western Australian capital of Perth announce that it the copyright owner. Multiple copying of the contents of the is to prioritise an airport LRT link over the proposed more expansive MAX system, magazine without prior written approval is not permitted. proving the significance of local transport to policymakers when thinking globally and not just locally. Simon Johnston, Editor COVER: Tracklaying on a Nottingham Express Transit extension at Chilwell Road. Mike Haddon

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2014 / 411 News

Stockholm opens Tvårbanan DART reaches the airport extension Light rail extended to Dallas/Fort Worth International in USD150m scheme The 800m line 22 Tvårbanan light rail extension from Solna Centrum to Solna station opened on 18 August. The first CAFA36 tram, 551, arrived at Bromma depot on 16 August. There, and in the new nearby Ulvsunda depot, the tram will be tested before being transferred to the new Lidingö depot in Aga towards the end of the year. The A36 is a longer version (four modules) of the CAF A35 tram (three modules), now in use on line 22. The city council has appointed WSP to design a new metro line linking Odenplan and Arenastaden. The remaining six trams are expected to be delivered to Aga before the end of this year.

Helsinki car-free plan by 2025 DART 216 carrying a special livery for the new airport link on opening day, 18 August. Vic Simons The Finnish capital’s planning onday 18 August There was a ribbon-cutting bringing billions in investment, department has published the saw the opening and inaugural ride for invited more jobs, and a better quality of report Mobility as a Service (MaaS) of the USD150m guests on Friday 15 August life to North Texas.” that looks at transport behaviour DART Orange before regular service started on Voters agreed to a 1% sales tax patterns and how information lineM extension to the world’s 18 August. to form and fund DART in 1983. and options are accessed. third-busiest airport (by aircraft The 8km (five-mile) extension Light rail service started in 1996 An integrated portal accessed movements), Dallas/Fort Worth has a 17-minute running time and the system has now reached through a smartphone linked International. The DART station to Irving Convention Center, 144km (90 miles). Since DART to a credit card would allow the is in Terminal A (outside Gate the previous terminus. A ride to started running, the city centre reservation, payment and use A10) and was built as part of the city centre takes 50 minutes residential population has grown of services, including public the airport’s terminal renewal and costs USD2.50. Mayor Mike significantly; the airport link transport, car-sharing, taxis, programme while DART focused Rawlings said it is undoubtedly is important in helping sustain ride-sharing and bike hire. on the rail line extension. DART’s biggest accomplishment that growth. Several pilot projects are planned This approach, according in its 31-year history. The airport serves 60.4m in co-operation with employers, to DART President/Executive Acting Federal Transit passengers/year with 678 000 enabling employees to buy Director Gary Thomas, allowed Administrator Therese McMillan aircraft movements. Its top transportation services. the station to open four months commented: “Connecting DFW international destination is The plan is that by 2025 car use ahead of schedule. “We could not Airport by light rail makes Dallas a London with 738 684 passengers/ will be drastically reduced and have achieved this rail opening more competitive, more attractive year using the link. There are also everyone will have alternative early and under budget without destination for business and 60 000 airport workers travelling networks available to them and the incredible partnership with travellers. It’s part of a sustained to and fro each day. Service is access to the personal mobility app. DFW Airport,” Thomas said. partnership over decades that’s provided from 03.50 to 01.12. Nanjing’s Hexi tramline begins trial operation

The first Nanjing tram runs without The Chinese city of Nanjing CSR Nanjing Puzhen has overhead current collection. Leiem began tramway passenger supplied eight 100% low-floor trials on 2 August in readiness Flexity 2 trams built under for the second Summer Youth licence from Bombardier, and Olympic Games, which ran featuring the Primove system from 16-28 August. with lithium-ion batteries Nanjing (population 8.1 to permit catenary-free million) has had a metro since operation over 90% of the line. 2005 but decided to build a The 32m five-section trams 7.8km (4.8-mile) tramline to recharge their batteries using carry visitors to the games. pantographs at the termini. Known as the Hexi line, the first A second tramway, the Qilin trial run was made on 1 August. line, is under construction The line feeds metro line 2 at the reaching 9.4km (5.8 miles) Olympic Stadium East station, from Wang Wuzhuang. Seven south-west of the city centre. more trams will be delivered.

412 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org CAF rolling stock Perth Airport link approved order for Monterrey CAF has won the MXN3.26bn (EUR190m) contract to supply State approves AUD2.2bn line – but critics argue MAX should come first 22 LRVs (including 20 years of maintenance) for metro line 3 ollowing the decision tunnels under the Swan River and suburbs and foothills, allowing a in the Mexican city. There is an to shelve plans for its Tonkin Highway before reaching 20-minute rail journey into the option for four more cars. MAX light rail project the airport and going on to Perth central business district.” The Spanish manufacturer in December 2013, the Forrestfield. Three new stations A decision to proceed with leads the consortium awarded a 20-year concession to build and FGovernment of Western will be built, transporting 20 000 the airport link, instead of the operate the line on 30 July, and has approved plans for an 8.5km passengers/year. AUD2bn (EUR1.45bn) MAX has already supplied 22 of the (5.3-mile) Forrestfield – Perth With state debt at AUD22bn scheme, has drawn criticism from 84-strong fleet on the two existing Airport link at a revised cost of (EUR15.9bn) and no federal infrastructure experts and the lines of the Monterrey network. AUD2.2bn (approx. EUR1.6bn). funding available for the state opposition. Labour transport The new stock will be used Addressing the Liberal State project, Premier Barnett said spokesman Ken Travers said that on the 8km (five-mile) line 3, due Conference in August, Premier the Government of Western MAX and other infrastructure to open in August 2015, serving Colin Barnett confirmed that the Australia would turn to asset projects would have “resulted in eight stations from Barrio Antiguo to Hospital Metropolitano to the project would start in 2016 with sales to help pay for the airport up to four times as many people north-east of the city. Except for a target for passenger service line: “For the first time people using public transport”. a short underground section, the being set for 2020. will be able to catch a train to A decision on whether to move new route will run on viaduct. The line will branch from the the airport and importantly, forward with the MAX project existing rail network at Bayswater this will also open up a brand has been deferred until after the Kevin Thomas and head east in twin bored new rail corridor to the eastern 2017 election. announced as KAD MD Following the signing of a seven- year contract to operate the UK’s in July, KeolisAmey Docklands Ansaldo takeover bids deadline (KAD – Keolis 70%/Amey 30%) announced Kevin Thomas as Managing Director on 3 passes – Bombardier out of race? September. The new franchise The Italian Finmeccanica group, begins on 7 December. state controlled and with debts Thomas has been Managing Director of Serco Docklands since totalling EUR4.8bn, has been January 2013 and will provide trying to sell its rail division, the continuity of leadership for the loss-making rolling stock builder new franchise. The KAD joint AnsaldoBreda (EUR227m in venture will be responsible for all debt in 2013), and its profitable services across the UK’s largest railway signalling business and busiest light rail network, Ansaldo STS, for some months, including the maintenance of and gave interested purchasers 34km (21 miles) of track and 38 stations, as well as rolling stock. until 29 August to submit bids (for more see TAUT 919). CNR tests Rio metro cars Sources close to the business The first of 15 CNR Changchun speculated that conditional metro trainsets for Rio line 4 is to bids would be submitted by leave China in mid-October, with Bombardier, Hitachi, Thales, arrival scheduled for December. Deliveries are to be completed in CAF and China CNR, with 2015, in time for the opening of around EUR2bn the expected AnsaldoBreda’s Sirio low-floor tram, seen here in Kayseri, Turkey, is a direct competitor with the . Ym1965 the 16km (ten-mile) line in 2016. price. However it has been Line 4 will run from Jardim reported that Bombardier did 2012 agreement signed between A European sale of Ansaldo Oceânico to Nossa Senhora not in fact submit a bid by the the two companies for the would indicate a revival of da Paz, with four intermediate time of the deadline. provision of up to 600 Sirio low- industry merger sentiment after stations. Ridership is forecast at CNR already has a relationship floor trams for the Chinese and the failed attempt to merge Alstom 300 000 passengers/day. with AnsaldoBreda due to a Asian markets. and Siemens earlier this year. ’s smallest tramway opens, further lines cancelled

The 2.9km (1.8-mile) tramway This is the first commercial linking Gare SNCF and Le service for Alstom’s Citadis Charrel, in the suburban Compact tram, designed for Marseille community of cities of populations between Aubagne, was inaugurated on 50 000 and 100 000; eight Monday 1 September, without have been delivered and are ceremony, after the new city operated by Transdev. The livery council decided not to proceed is the work of Neo-pop artist with phases two and three. Hervé di Rosa. The delivered For the moment the new line project cost EUR120m. is fare-free, in common with all local public transport, but this One of Aubagne’s small Citadis trams too is believed likely to change leaves Gare SNCF for Le Charrel. under the new administration. Y. Allain

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2014 / 413 News Testing on Metrolink’s latest extension Trams reach the airport, while 2CC work continues and more new Bombardier trams are ordered

he first trial runs on a Christmas market will be held. the Manchester Airport Tracklaying in Albert Square will line took place at the not take place until later in the end of July, with trams programme, which will see part reachingT the terminal during of the line from Victoria station to August. Testing is initially taking Exchange Square opened prior to place at night but this will the full link to St. Peter’s Square. extend to all-day testing and staff M5000 trams up to 3086 are training prior to the opening currently available for service. before the end of the year. In September, TfGM announced The 14km (nine-mile) line another option for 16 further has been a major construction high-floor LRVs with Bombardier, project with structures including taking its total to 120. a viaduct over the Mersey Valley, The UK Tram test fleet new bridges over the M60 and being created at Long Marston M56 motorways and the Ringway and Old Dalby now includes Road dual carriageway, and an three Manchester T68 trams – underpass at Manchester Airport. Metrolink 3001 threads its way through the construction works at the junction 1022/24/26 – along with a West When public services begin, the with Balloon Street just outside Victoria station on 30 August. Fred Collins Midlands T69. It is also expected line will only operate between an island platform built opposite stop; trams to Altrincham, Eccles that 1016 will join the test fleet, the Airport and Cornbrook until the current outbound platform; and Didsbury will turn back here. leaving 1007 in preservation the Second City Crossing (2CC) is as well as the new island Elsewhere on 2CC, Albert at the Tramway completed in 2017. platform, two new crossovers Square outside Manchester and 1003 as a training project In connection with 2CC are being installed. These will Town Hall will be the subject with the Greater Manchester construction, a new platform was allow trams to turn back in both of utility diversions until Fire Service. It is expected that opened at Deansgate-Castlefield directions and will be needed March 2015, although there all other remaining T68/T68A on 26 August. The layout has from next summer when 2CC will be a lull in work during trams will be scrapped – ten had been altered to three-track with work closes St. Peter’s Square November and December when already gone by the end of July. Izmir chooses Hyundai Alstom tests first LTE 4G for CBTC Alstom has started trials at its to supply LTE technology Valenciennes test centre with integrated with CBTC by the Rotem low-floor trams its Urbalis communications- end of the year. The two new tramlines being miles) respectively; they based train control (CBTC) LTE is able to provide built in the Turkish port city of will be linked by a ferry service and Huawei’s Long-Term mission-critical voice Izmir will be equipped with 38 across the bay. The city has Evolution (LTE) 4G broadband communication, secure train low-floor cars from Hyundai signed a EUR165m financing telecommunications system. signalling as part of a CBTC Rotem, which has an assembly agreement with the French The trials involve a metro train installation, and broadband plant for railway vehicles at development agency to permit fitted with LTE-compliant data communication to allow Adapazari in Turkey. They will construction. Izmir had a onboard equipment while live video streaming from have hybrid drives to permit first-generation tramway from Huawei is providing the LTE CCTV cameras and more operation without overhead wire 1890 to 1960. The city has also trackside network. comprehensive passenger in some areas. operated a light rail metro system The two companies information. The contract is worth since 2000, mostly in tunnel. signed a memorandum of The project could offer USD81.2m and delivery is Line 1 was extended west understanding in April to reduced costs and improved scheduled for 2015-16. Hyundai from Göztepe to Fahrettin Altay work together on the project, performance for metro Rotem supplied 36 LRVs to the (3.2km) on 27 July; a further 3km and Alstom expects to be able operators in the future. Turkish city of Adana in 2001. (1.86 miles) to DEU Hastanesi Izmir has two separate is under construction with tramlines under construction, of passenger service expected to London rail to double by 2050 9.7km (six miles) and 12.6km (7.8 start in November. The Mayor of the UK’s capital to carry nearly twice as many envisages a doubling of rail passengers – the equivalent of a passenger journeys in the second Underground network. period up to 2050. The London Transport for London (TfL) Infrastructure Plan 2050 considers has awarded the Electra contract further expansion of Crossrail, to provide ticketing and fare a Bakerloo Underground line collection services from August extension into south east 2015 to Cubic Transportation London and more development Systems. The contract is worth of the Overground network with around GBP660m (EUR826m) extensions to Bexleyheath in the over the next ten years. east and Hounslow in the west. From 16 September TfL was to The Bakerloo extension would introduce contactless payments follow an alignment from Old for all pay-as-you-go customers on Artist’s impression of the new Hyundai Rotem Kent Road to Catford, while the Tube, London Overground, tram design for Izmir. Hyundai Rotem the Overground and commuter Docklands Light Railway and networks could be expanded trams, in addition to buses.

414 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org CAF wins Lyon metro Vossloh vehicles refurbishment contract Lyon transport authority Sytral has awarded CAF a EUR23m contract for heavy overhaul and enter service in Rostock refurbishment of 36 two-car MPL85 metro trainsets at its facility in Bagnères-de-Bigorre. New ultra-efficient vehicles will replace German city’s Tatra T6s Due for completion by mid-2018, the overhauls include mechanical and electrical he first two of a fleet equipment, as well as interior of 13 100% low-floor refurbishment. trams (601-13) being Supplied in 1991 by Alsthom, delivered to the German the rubber-tyred driverless are Tcity of Rostock by Vossloh Rail used on line D of the Lyon metro. Vehicles and Vossloh-Kiepe entered service from 30 July. The complete batch, costing EUR38m, are to be in service by the end of the year, replacing the heads towards undertaking’s high-floor TatraT6 trams dating from 1989. tram opening The new five-section trams are The first paying passengers are 32m long and 2.65m wide, an likely to board a Washington DC increased width to permit greater tram on H St to travel on the comfort for seated passengers. new tramway linking the At level the trams are 2.3m Hopscotch Bridge at the rear of wide in order to use existing with Benning infrastructure. Floor height at Rd at Oklahoma Avenue some the entrance doors is 290mm. The ribbon-cutting ceremony to mark the entry into service of Rostock 601, with time in November (perhaps by the management of Vossloh Rail Vehicles, Vossloh-Kiepe, Rostocker Strassenbahn, There are 71 seats and space for the Mayor of Rostock and the Infrastructure Minister of Mecklenburg- Thanksgiving on the 27th). 139 standing passengers. Vorpommern. J. Kloock / Vossloh-Kiepe At present 28 operators are The Vossloh-Kiepe propulsion being trained by instructors who package includes has four 100kW motors and a with electrical equipment from learnt their trade earlier in 2014; to store braking energy, which maximum operating speed of Vossloh-Kiepe of Düsseldorf; the first training run was on 4 can then be used during 70km/h (43.5mph). 50% of the cost comes from August. The 37 staff who will run acceleration, reducing overall The trams are built in Valencia, a grant given by the Land of the line are employed by RATP energy consumption. Each tram , by Vossloh Rail Vehicles, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Dev McDonald Transit. WSP agrees PB deal with Balfour Beatty Canadian consultancy Pierre Shoiry, WSP president WSP Global announced and chief executive, said he on 3 September that it has expected the combined firm reached agreement with to be “an industry leader, with Balfour Beatty to purchase the ability to deliver more Parsons Brinckerhoff for expertise and services to our USD1.2bn, plus an additional client base across the world”. consideration for cash retained In a statement, WSP added that by PB of up to USD110m. the acquisition “significantly Balfour Beatty first mooted strengthens WSP’s presence a sale of Parsons Brinckerhoff in the US, where Parsons in May; it purchased the Brinckerhoff has a solid, stable Moscow’s Citadis demonstrator 0201 prepares to leave Bauman depot for its first global design and engineering business which employs 5000 passenger run on line 17, on 20 August. R Antipov services firm for USD600m in employees… and positions 2009. The sale proved a deal- WSP as a key player in the US Moscow rolling stock trials breaking move in the proposed transportation segment.” merger of Balfour Beatty and The move further “expands Alstom demonstrator Citadis The effect of anti-EU sanctions rival Carillion, with the latter WSP’s presence in the UK 0201 entered service on line announced on 7 August on the wanting to keep PB to add and provides the firm with 17 (Ostankino – Medvedkovo, delivery of PESA Foxtrot (71-414) strength and depth of expertise a stronger presence in key the system’s busiest route) on trams is not yet clear. At that date to any combined firm. growth regions such as Asia 20 August, initially just for the 19 were in Moscow and seven Steve Marshall, executive and Australia.” morning shift. It is planned to more en route through . chair of Balfour Beatty, said The acquisition, which inaugurate the new metro station Routes 1 and 16 are to be the sale price was “a significant should be completed later Spartak (between Schukinskaya extended from Ulitsa Academica return on our original this year, will add 170 offices and Tushinskaya) on 6 September. Yangelya to Krasniy Stroitel, investment and a compelling and nearly 13 500 employees Later in the year the Violet giving interchange with the local level of value creation for on five continents to WSP, Taganskaya metro line will railway. In metro news, Spartak shareholders”. He confirmed covering the transportation, be extended from Zhulebino station on Purple line 7 opened an earlier pledge to return up power, energy, community to Kotel’niki, and the Red on 27 August. to EUR326m from the deal to development, water, mining Sokol’nicheskaya line from For more on the development of shareholders. and environment sectors. Yugo-Zapadnaya to Salarjevo. Moscow’s tramway, see page 420.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2014 / 415 News

NET to extend to ? Toronto Mayor campaigns

The UK’s Amber Valley and again on subway ticket Broxtowe councils are hoping to fund a GBP70 000 (EUR88 000) Subway vs LRT debate becomes election issue for incumbent Rob Ford study into a tramway line from Nottingham via Eastwood, ontroversial Toronto town centre, building the eastern (EUR1.42bn) for subway Kimberley and Langley Mill Mayor Rob Ford leg of the downtown , expansion. His suggestion of to Ripley in Derbyshire. This released his Toronto and a Finch subway from Finch utilising CAD540m (EUR383m) would closely replicate the Subway Expansion Plan West Station to Humber College. in upcoming land sales from former tram and later inC early September, outlining The plan lists a number Build Toronto has, however, been route between these towns, a CAD9bn (EUR6.4bn) subway of options to fund such dismissed as city officials say such which closed in 1953. Estimated investment. His mayoral rivals ambitious expansion, including dividends are already committed. costs for the 12km (7.5-mile) and local commentators have partnerships with the provincial Rival mayoral candidate Olivia line are GBP180m (EUR227m). criticised his proposals, however, and federal governments, Chow criticised’s Ford plan to Test running on the Wilford arguing that they lack substance revenue from Build Toronto cancel existing LRT projects, line expansion of Nottingham in terms of funding. land sales, development charges, however: “To tear up the light Express Transit started in Ford is proposing 32km (20 public-private partnerships, air- that is now shovel- August, as this line is closer miles) of subway, although rights above subway stations, tax- ready ... is just irresponsible.” to completion than that to around 8.2km (5.1 miles) of this increment financing, allocating Another rival, David Soknacki, Chilwell. The first test tram is LRT with a plan to bury the future assessment growth, and argued that the plans “are either was driven early on 22 August eastern portion of the Eglinton the “strategic sale of assets along too fake to believe, or too reckless across the new 104m bridge Crosstown line that would run future transit corridors.” to implement. Don’t be fooled over Nottingham’s station that at street level in Scarborough. The cost estimates proposed again by Ford’s reboot of his will be used by both new lines. The document clearly states the are lower than those used by the 2010 promise of free subways. From 26 August trams were to Mayor’s preference: “Subways: Toronto Transit Commission The transit plans we already run every ten minutes on each Long-term solution. Surface rail: or , and the plan also have are practical, funded and existing branch, delivering Short term solution. Subways: calls for the cancellation of the engineered, while Mr Ford’s a tram every five minutes on Faster commute times. Surface Sheppard and Finch LRT projects plans are impractical, implausible the common Highbury Vale rail: Slower commute times.” that Metrolinx is engaged in. and financially impossible.” to Station Street section. The The first phase of Ford’s plan Ford argues that cancelling those Ford maintained his plan was previous timetable had trams includes his 2010 promise, as projects – which are funded by “realistic” and “viable,’ adding, every 12 minutes (six minutes yet undelivered, to complete the the provincial government – “…people don’t want LRTs, they over the common section). Sheppard subway to Scarborough would free up around CAD2bn don’t want their lanes ripped up.” Transdev re-signs For Sale: 59 Praha Škoda 14T trams DPHM Praha () has The average distance run by withdrawn its Škoda 14T trams the 14T trams is 315 000km Dublin Luas contract (9111-70, less 9165), dating (approx. 196 000 miles). from 2006-09, as of 5 August DPHMP has since switched to and is offering them for sale. the Škoda 15T with swivelling The 30.25m five-section cars , a decision mirrored were the city’s first 100% low- by other Czech undertakings floor trams and were designed and manufacturers such as by Porsche Design Group with Pragoimex and Inekon. Similar an innovative appearance. trams can still be seen in Brno The single-ended cars are and Wroclaw, where they are carried on three rigid trucks, classed 13T and 16T respectively. and it is these that have proved Praha has 936 trams; a weak point of the tram’s withdrawal of the 59 14T has design in Prague. Gearboxes not led to a reduction in service, and truck frames have although it does mean a longer developed cracks due to the life for the high-floor Tatra tough operating environment T3 cars that have been the in the Czech capital. backbone of the fleet for so long. From left: Rory O’Connor, Acting Chief Executive of RPA, Gerry Murphy, Chief Executive of NTA, Transport Minister Paschal Donohoe T.D. and Brian Brennan, The Managing Director of Transdev Dublin Light Rail Ltd. NTA Porsche- designed Ireland’s National Transport Transport, Tourism and Sport, low-floor Authority and Railway Paschal Donohoe, said: “The tram for Procurement Agency signed success of the Luas is evidenced by Praha a new five-year contract for the fact that passenger numbers (Prague), incumbent Transdev Dublin Light last year exceed 30 million; a now for sale. Rail Ltd to maintain and operate massive increase of eight million T. Ludek the capital’s Luas tramway on on 2005... Those numbers 1 September. The EUR150m deal are only set to grow with the starts on 29 September. development of the Luas Cross The Department for Transport, City, which will link the Red and Tourism & Sport said the system Green lines and create a truly will return to an operating integrated public transport system surplus in 2015. Minister for in Dublin for the first time.”

416 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org

InnoTrans preview INNOTRANS 2014

With the world’s rail industry gathering in in September, TAUT looks at just a few of the innovations on show for the light rail industry and the rolling stock on display.

he world’s rail industry is as well as another key theme at the event, technologies from the likes of STRAIL, gearing up for the 2014 InnoTrans predictive maintenance. Additionally, the Getzner Werkstoffe and Consolis Rail. trade fair in Berlin, the bi-annual utilisation of smart and cloud technologies is System designs to ease the installation and event that brings together the becoming increasingly commonplace. renewal of embedded street-running and global supply chain to For example, a number of companies are segregated rail systems, as well as high-tech Tshowcase its expertise and innovation. offering cloud-based tools that address the measurement and alignment technology This year’s event runs from 23-26 scheduling and maintenance challenges from the Fraunhofer Institute for Physical September at Messe Berlin and welcomes posed to operators. With everything from Metrology IPM will be making their world more than 2700 exhibitors from 51 countries the utilisation of ‘big data’ (read more on debut in Berlin. Further groundbreaking – with around 60% of exhibitors and guests page 431) to smooth schedules, reduce digital measurement, maintenance and expected to be international visitors. delays and increase efficiencies, to trackside systems are also on display from Wading through the thousands of press technologies to assist staff on the ground UK-based firm Rowe Hankins. releases and advance information, a number in monitoring and incident reporting, Passengers are not ignored in this cloud of interesting trends emerge in the areas everyday technologies are now being and data revolution, however, and one of data, automation and energy-efficiency. absorbed by the industry. of the most interesting developments The latter is obviously key to light rail and Infrastructure systems and development we are looking forward to is INIT’s tramway schemes’ environmental raison are well catered for in Berlin, with displays DEPARTURESlive. This system that d’etre, and cost efficiencies are driven by this of the latest trackform and embedded rail incorporates augmented reality – developed initially for iOS platforms – displays maps, Siemens has a big presence at nearby stops and real-time departure times this year’s InnoTrans, with developments in tramway, metro, using a device’s in-built camera. It also energy supply and maintenance features a pedestrian navigation feature that all on display. Siemens guides passengers directly to the stop with just one additional touch. ‘Well-informed passengers are Mobile ticketing innovations that also use satisfied passengers’, claims INIT. existing software platforms are another key The DEPARTURESLive iOS app that feature, with systems that use smartphones gives real-time service information increasingly becoming the norm. Some use and directions to light rail stops the latest tethered smartwatch systems, shows the way of the future. INIT too, to really stay ahead of the personal technology curve. In terms of rolling stock presentations, Messe Berlin’s miles of standard-gauge rails will play host to a range of vehicles from across the spectrum. One of the highlights for this year includes the latest evolution of Alstom’s Citadis low-floor platform. The new- generation model promises more internal space, more comfort and greater accessibility

418 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org and customisation. With over 1700 Citadis With adoption of modern and interior renovation). Arguably, the most already in service worldwide, this could be a monorail systems increasing, significant of these is the new five-section, game-changer for the company that is likely Bombardier’s Innovia solution 2.3m-wide Rostock Tramlink 6N2 class. With to emerge strengthened from a deal with is a timely innovation high-capacity supercapacitors that will store General Electric for its power business for showcase in Berlin. braking energy for later re-use for either earlier in the year. Bombardier acceleration or HVAC systems, it claims Another innovation to be demonstrated class-leading power consumption figures. by Alstom is a predictive maintenance Further displays will include Durmazlar’s tool developed to reduce lifecycle costs; latest addition to its LRV family, following the tool forecasts the remaining life left in on from successful operation of the Silkworm given components to optimise operational in Bursa, Turkey; a production version of the availability and maintenance costs. Transtech Artic, currently being delivered to Bombardier will have on display not only Helsinki; Skoda’s ForCity 28T for Konya the firstInnovia 300 two-car monorail train (again with technology, destined for Riyadh, but also one of the this time allowing off-wire running of new 48 Flexity 2 low-floor trams for delivery up to 8km (five miles) in trials); and the to De Lijn, operator of the tramways in both latest Tramino from Solaris. and . A PESA JazzDuo tram will be on show, as Siemens is to present the new well as the Polish manufacturer’s Foxtrot design currently being delivered to Munich low-floor vehicle for Moscow – the first (where it will take the designation T1), as result of a joint venture with domestic well as the first fourC2 metro cars, also for manufacturer Uraltransmash. For the the Bavarian capital; 126 new cars are to be first time outside Belarus, Stadler will delivered in total – the largest rolling stock The firm is also one of a few demonstrating also have an example of its new Metelitsa order in the history of the Munich metro. the capabilities of 3D printing in reducing low-floor tram, developed with local partner Also in metro, the Inspiro for Kuala Lumpur the transport of components, timescales for Belkommunmash for the 1524mm-gauge will be shown for the first time outside Asia. repairs and almost removing the problem of tramway in . Further showing its commitment to the obsolescence for common components that One of the more unusual new vehicles wider rail sector, the German conglomerate are no longer mass-produced. visitors will see is the modern 920mm floor will also be revealing another augmented Vossloh is taking three vehicles to Messe vehicle that has been designed and developed reality system for predictive depot Berlin, showing its expertise in tram (100% by the undertaking in Istanbul, Istanbul maintenance and ‘networked’ rolling stock low-floorTramlink for Rostock, see News Ulasim. For use as either conventional LRV or connected in real-time for diagnostics. for more details), tram-train (70% Citylink metro stock, the lightweight new 25.4m-long With the aid of such data, pending for Karlsruhe) and refurbishment and vehicle is aimed at the Turkish market and, maintenance and repair work is already improvement (Bonn Type B that has recently it is claimed, can be delivered for 50% of the defined before the vehicle enters the depot. upgraded traction systems for energy saving cost of an imported vehicle.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2014 / 419 Moscow MOSCOW TRAMWAYS: PAST, PRESENT AND In the first of a two-part survey of one of the world’s most complex tramway operations, Mike Russell considers the FUTURE early development and integration with the Metro.

he city of Moskva (Moscow) is the capital of the Russian Federation and, with a total population of around 11.75 million, one of the most populous of the great Tcities of the world. Situated on the Moskva River, this ancient settlement superseded St Petersburg in 1918 to become the capital of the former USSR following the 1917 Revolution, and today is the seat of the Russian government. It is the political, economic and cultural centre of the country and includes four international airports on its perimeter, nine mainline railway stations and one of the world’s largest underground railway systems, the famous Metro, first opened in 1935. Moskva today possesses an impressive transport system, with extensive tramway, trolleybus and motor bus networks in addition to the Metro. Inevitably, the tramway system has a much longer history and celebrated its 115th anniversary of electric traction in April this year. Now largely reduced to Metro feeder services, it still plays a vital role in moving the millions of passengers across the capital each year.

Historical background The principal towns and cities of Tsarist Russia gained rudimentary tramway networks at quite an early date; 45 such installations before the Revolution. In this respect, Moskva lagged behind the then-capital, St Petersburg, whose first horse tramway line commenced operation as early as 1863. The first tramway lines in the city were not opened until 1872, by a private company using double-deck horse-drawn cars; construction of a separate network began in 1883 but these lines were sold to a Belgian company two years later. Belgian companies at this time were prominent in the export field and responsible for building and opening tramways – initially horse-drawn – in a number of Russian cities. In 1897 the company was permitted to electrify its lines. The city’s first electric tramway opened on 6 April 1899 (25 March under the old-style Julian calendar in use until 1918) under the auspices of the Belgian company; this firm had also in the intervening period experimented with two steam-operated lines, one of which, most unusually, was replaced by a horse-drawn tramway in 1904. At this time, moves were afoot to place all the tramways under common municipal ownership and this was achieved in stages A short distance from the city centre tram terminus of Kurskiy Voksal is a section of interlaced track beneath in the years leading up to the outbreak of the the arch of the railway viaduct spanning Bolshoi Poluyaroslavskiy pereulok. KTM-8kM 4217 prepares to enter Great War, starting with the horse-drawn the restricted section whilst KTM-19 4288 on the same route sets down passengers in the street. lines of the First Horse Railways Company

420 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org The modal interchange at Metro Shchukinskaya has three terminating tram The new stub terminus of reinstated line 9 in Lesnaya ulitsa, close to Metro routes and three more passing through. A wide variety of rolling stock can be station Belorusskaya, seen on 22 March 2013 with winter snow still evident. observed. Here, LM-99 car 3013 loads for the ulitsa Tallinnskaya terminus of This short route is served by six pairs of Tatra T3SU cars rebuilt with doors on both route 10 whilst rebuilt Tatra T3SU 3359 prepares to turn on the terminal loop. sides for back-to-back operation, a principle likely to be extended to other routes.

RIGHT: Replica horse-car 35 prepares to lead the 115th anniversary parade. No authentic example of the era survives, so this replica was built in 1999. Luc Koenot

BELOW RIGHT: Car 932 is an example of the type BF two-axle car produced for the city in the early inter-war period once products of Russian home industry had to be built owing to 3333 was one of a number of Tatra T3SU cars rebuilt in the Moskva tramway non-availability of repair works in the early years of this century. When this view was taken on imported rolling 5 August 2006 it was at repose in the yard of Krasnopresnenskoye depot. Since stock. Luc Koenot then it has been transferred, with several similar vehicles, to Nizhniy Novgorod.

The isolated north-west route network tends to be the recipient of experimental and prototype cars. The St. Petersburg factory in 2001 built a prototype bogie car LM-2000, which found its way to Moskva, initially being numbered 0001 and (from 2002) 3001. Here it is in the open expanse of Krasnopresnenskoye depot in 2006.

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in Moskva, operator of the original 1872 to develop with its own rolling stock horse-drawn lines, whose undertaking was style, including surviving pre-Revolution municipalised in 1901 and electrified three motorcars, and expanded to serve new years later in September 1904. traffic objectives. The Belgian company initially refused From 1938-41 a series of 60 luxury the city’s entreaties but ultimately its assets four-axle all-metal bogie tramcars was were taken over on the expiry of its original produced at the SVARZ factory; these “blue concession and its original horse-drawn lines trams” were officially designated typeM-38, of 1885-87 were electrified the following and although the outbreak of war halted their year. Well before the Great War, therefore, all production, they operated into the 1970s. Moskva tramways were electrically-operated. The first electric rolling stock was all of Adapting to the Metro The entire Moskva fleet of St. Petersburg-built simple two-axle construction, supplied by In 1932 construction started of the first Metro LM-99 bogie cars is allocated to Krasnopresnenskoye manufacturers in Belgium, and line, opened in May 1935. It was perhaps depot for operation on the isolated north-western Austria-, there being (at that time) inevitable that traffic growth would lead to routes. On 9 June 2009 car 3015 was seen on route no domestic tramcar industry. Early cars the construction of such a project, delivered 30 in ul. Tallinskaya. generally featured trunnions, with the axles with panache, the design of many of the first suspended from the car body. After the 1917 stations being admired even today. Thus Moskva took only two examples of the T6B5SU bogie car. Here, 0301 operates on route 21 in the Revolution, the opportunity to purchase from began a gradual process of metro expansion Strogino district on 5 August 2006. It was taken out western European suppliers ceased. The first at the expense of a city tramway system. of service that December and has since joined the post-revolutionary period was fraught with The tramways adapted to the new museum fleet. operational problems and the main concerns circumstances with many routes, particularly were to keep stock and routes operational – a in the city centre, converted to trolleybus feature of most Russian tramways at the time. operation, in which Moskva was a pioneer Thoughts soon turned to developing home- within the , the first operations produced vehicles and initially a design of a beginning in 1933. Tramway withdrawal two-axle motor car mounted on a radial truck took many years, and by 1940 the tramway and suitable for double-ended operation was had 540.7km (336 miles) of single-line route developed and produced at the Mytishchi (including 456.8km of passenger lines) and factory outside Moskva: the Kh type, after 2401 tramcars, although its peak was 1944 the city of Kharkov, its first recipient. Moskva with 560.3km (348 miles) of track; while the itself never received any cars of this type, peak rolling stock had been 2549 in 1932. instead being supplied with a trunnion-truck After the Great Patriotic War (1941-45), new trailer (type M, meaning Moskva) of similar vehicles came first from factory 82 at Tushino, design. These cars were insufficiently robust near Moskva, with at least 228 MTV-82 cars as the metro feeder of choice, but this was for the harsh operating conditions prevalent built from 1947-49, and subsequently from the compensated by new lines in the suburbs. in Russia, and many were later converted to factory (RVZ), where the MTV-82 bogie Today, visitors to central Moskva could be single-ended configuration to reduce weight. car continued to be produced until 1961. This forgiven for assuming the city does not have a Meanwhile, a need had been identified for factory’s subsequent products, including the tramway at all. The only routes that penetrate a larger-capacity car to cater for passenger RVZ-6 of which a few are still in provincial the real heart of the centre are those from the loadings and a magnificent bogie motorcar operation, were built until 1988, but after south that terminate at Chistye Prudy metro was designed. The prototype was delivered 1960 it was decided to import Czech-built station, though the termini at Kurskiy Voksal in late 1926 and was followed by matching cars from Tatra; 180 T2-type cars arrived and near Metro Belorusskaya can lay claim trailers, ideal for use on the Russian capital’s between 1959-62, followed by the newer T3 also to being on the fringe. The latter point heavily-trafficked lines. These cars were in 1962, and 59 of the articulated K2 type in is particularly interesting and may presage a built in Kolomna, designated types KM (for 1967-70. The latter were later passed on to change in fortunes for the tramway. Kolomna motor car) and KP (trailers) and Kharkov, but many of the later deliveries of During this period of restructuring the placed in service until 1933. Many remained the T3 remain in service in Moskva, albeit tramways remained unified, but metro in traffic for around 40 years, with the last not heavily rebuilt and refurbished. expansion brought about a radical alteration being retired until early 1974. Staffing levels were reduced during this when the tramway system was split into two In 1926-41, there were four-wheel cars, too, period by the progressive discontinuation of separate networks. The local routes serving including two-axle motorcars of type BF also conductor operation between 1962 and 1972. housing in the north-west of the city became produced by the Kolomna factory and trailers severed from the main network, with metro (type S) built in the SVARZ factory. All other Recent changes interchanges established at four points on cities in Russia were equipped with type Kh Until 1973, the network remained a the segregated network, and the Moskva and M tramcars, including Leningrad (today contiguous whole; there was a severe tramways remain today in this form. This St Petersburg) despite having its own tram thinning-out of tracks in the central area as north-western network was later extended to factory. The Moskva electric system continued the tramway increasingly became viewed serve new housing developments.

KTM-23 car 5629 operating on line 2 passes KTM-19 vehicle 5306 on a depot KTM-8kM tram 5247 negotiates the intersection at ulitsa Radio with ulitsa working in ulitsa Izmailov Val on 9 February. Baumanskaya on 23 March 2013 whilst working a journey on line 37.

422 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org The multi-track terminal at Detskiy Sanatoriy in the north-east of the system acts as terminus for three routes. Here passengers wait between the tracks to board a tram. KTM-19 car 5321 is on the right and KTM-8k vehicle 5143 prepares to depart on line 36. The latter car was one of several transferred to Taganrog, in southern Russia, in September 2013.

This situation is not unusual in Russia and curvaceous frontal design. These originally ‘factory finish’ livery of orange with blue there are a number of other tramways, such operated singly but are now coupled in pairs, relief, used also on similar cars supplied to as and Ufa, which are operated mainly on the isolated north-west network. other Russian towns and cities; 67 of these in two physically separate sections, either There is also a great deal of standard cars entered service starting in June 2013 and through the introduction of metro lines or Russian-built rolling stock, and large can be found on routes 13, 34, 35 and 50. arising from a policy of abandonment of a numbers of older Ust-Katav-built trams can The city has also been the chosen testing- central section of route. In 1980, the total be seen in operation. These vary from the ground for several prototype tramcars over trackage was around 455.4km (283 miles) standard provincial model in two respects, the years, some of which were not developed of single line, served by 1215 tramcars and namely the perpetuation of contactor control further in the light of operating experience. carrying 1.5 million passengers daily. and the slightly narrower body width at Examples were two Tatra T7 bogie cars The current system is served by cars housed 2.5m (a standard KTM-8 is 2.62m wide) to trialled in 1990, the eight-axle three-section at five depots, the oldest of which (Apakova) accommodate several tight curves on the articulated car numbered 0003 later passed dates from 1909. Moskva is somewhat system; their designation is KTM-8kM. to Volgograd, the Ust-Katav-built prototype unusual in Russia in referring to its tram Moskva was early in the field to receive the KTM-16 tested at the end of 1996 and the depots by names, rather than the customary new KTM-19 bogie car, with two prototypes in Lugansk-built LT-10 car trialled in 1999. cardinal numerals used for identification 1999 and production models from 2000. The latter, an attempt by the Lugansk railway on most systems. Depot 1 is Apakova, For many years, products of the Ust-Katav works in the far south-east of 2 Bauman, 4 Oktyabrskoye and 5 Rusakov; factory were the favoured replacement for to break into the tramway market, was these four depots are on the main system, Moskva. A total of over 400 KTM-19 cars singularly unsuccessful; Moskva took no whilst the separate north-western network entered service from 2000-12 but production production models. Enakieve (Yenakievo)’s is served entirely from Krasnopresnenskoye has now ceased and been superseded by the fleet survived only just over a year in service depot (3), a completely new site opened in KTM-23, with low-floor central sections. and the ten supplied to Lugansk itself proved 2002 to replace the original depot in this This has started to arrive in Moskva in large unreliable and were all withdrawn by 2007 region of the city first opened in 1919. quantities and is easily distinguished by its (though one survives in reserve). In addition, there is a separate tramway Depot 3 has an repair works off ulitsa Volochaevskaya on the allocation of the main system, the former Kirova depot that three Spektr bogie was operational from 1909-76. cars delivered in 2007, two of which Fleet composition are currently still Today’s rolling stock is of considerable operable. Car variety but is all of modern construction. 3201 is shown A large number of Czech-built T3 cars at the loading remain in service, both singly and in coupled point at Metro Shchukinskaya formation, and these can be found working interchange, an routes based at depots 1 and 3. important modal In recent years there have been moves to transfer point modernise examples of this type to prolong for passengers their lives and improve passenger comfort, resident in the and all have been reconstructed either by north-west of the outside contractors or in the city’s tramway city – 9 June 2009. works, including some with a striking new

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The LT-10 was singularly unsuccessful even a contract has been signed for 120 such examples in the running fleet. The new when in use on the tramways in its home city; tramcars to be delivered in the period 2014- low-floor design, KTM-23, is based at depots a different Lugansk-built design, the LT-5, 15 in a joint venture with Uraltransmash 4 and 5. The older KTM-8kM model is now to with a modern style of body, seemed more – the new cars are designated Foxtrot and take be seen in declining numbers, though with successful and four examples joined the city the local designation 71-414. 166 examples still in operation is still fairly fleet but here again, all are now out of service. Throughout the period since the collapse numerous; these cars operate from depots 1, A prototype three-section articulated car, of the USSR in 1991, Moskva’s rolling stock 4 and 5. There are nine KTM-17 cars in use, with low-floor central section, produced at replacement programme has involved with body design resembling the KTM-8kM, Ust-Katav and designated KTM-30, attempts at updating existing cars. Some 28 and these are spread between the same was also placed on trial in Moskva in 2006 cars were refurbished at the Riga three depots. but is currently out of service at depot 3. works and emerged with extremely stylish, The 45 cars of type LM-99AE are all based at A series of LM-99 cars built in the modernised bodywork. Originally operated depot 3 on the isolated north-west network, St. Petersburg tram factory has also been singly, these cars are now coupled into pairs whilst the more modern product of the accepted and these cars are to be found on and work in the north-west from depot 3. St. Petersburg factory, the LM-2008 bogie the north-west network, although question Another complete rebuild, which has cars with low-floor centre section, operate on marks surround their reliability with so many remained unique in Moskva though can also routes worked by depots 4 and 5. In general being out of service. The Uraltransmash be found in Kriviy Rih (Ukraine), is the KT3-R terms, the one-off cars and small batches works has also supplied the capital with type, a reconstruction of two T3 bogie cars of experimental vehicles are all allocated vehicles, which are otherwise mainly to be with a low-floor central section sandwiched to depot 3, including the new PESA cars found in operation on systems in the North between to form a three-section articulated for route 6. Urals region. Three examples of its Spektr tramcar, built by PARS Nova with Cegelec The oldest cars still in service are the Tatra 71-405 are to be found at the same depot, equipment. The one car of this type (2300, T3SU cars, all of which have been refurbished though currently only two are operational. ex-2255) operates from Bauman depot and in recent years. There are 150 of these still in A more modern product of the can normally be found in use on line 17, stock; 52 of them operate singly from Apakov St. Petersburg factory, though, has found which is a prestige route and has often been depot (1) and six from Bauman (2) on the its way to Moskva since 2010 and some 23 the proving ground for experimental cars and main system whilst the balance are mainly examples of the stylish, if rather bulbous, the scene for the introduction of new types. formed into coupled pairs and work from LM-2008 bogie car with low-floor central The most numerous model of tramcar depot 3 on the intensive metro-feeder routes section are to be found. Unusually, these cars is now undoubtedly the KTM-19, with 416 in the north-west. carry extremely informative route number Car 4908 is one of a small series and destination indicators with important of bogie trams with low-floor centre intermediate locations specified – an sections built by the St. Petersburg improvement on the older arrangement of factory in recent years. It is seen just a route number with or without terminal taking layover time on spare track at points, usually shown on a metal plate. the Novokonnaya Ploshchad terminus More recent developments have illustrated of line 35 on 1 April 2013. Note the the possibility of joint ventures with three-line capitalised destination western vehicle manufacturers. This is a LED display screen. common theme in today’s Russia, where creaking infrastructure on both railways The PESA Foxtrot three-section and tramways will have to be substantially low-floor articulated car, the latest upgraded and replaced in the next few years. type for Moskva’s tramway, are now found on route 6. Luc Koenot In 2012, Alstom demonstrated a three-section Citadis 302 low-floor tram, All images by Mike Russell unless specially modified for operation in the otherwise stated. harsh conditions that prevail in Moskva. This has been produced in partnership with Transmash Holdings (TMH), and the prototype car (0201) is expected soon to enter service on route 17 from Bauman depot (see News for more details on the trial). Even more recently, the products of Polish car builder PESA of Bydgoszcz have been demonstrated and four examples of the Twist model have been placed in trial operation on line 6 from June this year. Subsequently,

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251_TAUT1405_LRA14ad.indd 1 08/09/2014 18:39 The ideal trackform? INNOVATING TO FIND THE IDEAL TRACKFORM TAUT speaks to UK Tram’s Paul Griffiths to find out how a new innovation competition could help bring down the costs of new schemes.

K Tram’s Paul Griffiths is Government in its Green Light for Light Rail where in a structure where multiple players pretty enthused right now. paper of 2011, which stressed that for more are regularly involved in the delivery of He and his colleagues have new schemes to thrive in the country, cheaper the same scheme, the various parties are been evaluating which entries ways of delivering them must be found. naturally unlikely to be motivated to take on into the GBP3m (EUR3.75m) “Now, whilst ministers have changed the potential costs if something goes wrong. U‘Low Impact Light Rail’ competition to take [since then],” Griffiths told Nottingham Yet does a temptation to ‘specify’ out risk forward; the aim is to support innovation and delegates, “I suspect that this view would still end with the likely result of increased costs? help bring it to practical deployment. apply… we need to get those costs down.” From the promoter’s point of view, A key area of focus for the competition Griffiths asked, “We can ask for a 30-year is trackform design and construction – Not only a UK concern warranty, but is that pushing the envelope something on which as a civil engineer Of course, cost-saving and efficiency are too far? Are we trying to get too much?” working as Midland Metro Programme not purely UK concerns – though there are High among UK promoters’ considerations Director for promoter Centro, Griffiths is specific ways of doing things in the UK that is the perennial issue of under-highway especially keen to see progress. The focus is Griffiths believes may contribute to it being utilities – of their replacement to get them on ways in which to reduce costs and make a particularly high-profile problem. Not least away from the tramway formation, and of installation and maintenance easier. among those is the ‘heavy’ way in which the building track robust enough to help ensure Trackform, the Vice Chairman of UK country calls for its light rail to be built: “Are telecommunications and electric lines, gas Tram’s promoters group told the ninth UK we over specifying… as clients?” he asked the pipes and sewers are not disturbed at the risk Light Rail Conference in Nottingham in 280-strong audience of senior industry figures of great cost and disruption later. June, “is the biggest single cost element other at the Light Rail Conference. “Do we ask For street-running projects through major than the vehicles… and therefore it needs to for too much? And does the way we specify centres in the UK, utility relocation – and be a real focus for us in terms of trying to get limit the freedom given to the designers and renewal of old structures that cannot stand the cost of schemes down.” constructors as they build the systems?” up to the stresses of relocation – has become In that view, Griffiths is doing no more Observers of UK LRT development have one of the biggest considerations and cost than echo the push given by the UK also raised the issue of a risk-averse culture – factors of all.

426 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org INNOVATING TO FIND THE IDEAL TRACKFORM

ABOVE : Comparisons of track renewal in Rotterdam show a much shallower excavation THE ‘LOW IMPACT LIGHT RAIL’ SCHEME depth for foundations compared to UK installations and the While welcome, GBP3m isn’t a huge Yet trackform is not the only area Energy-related proposals submitted concrete block and tie-bar amount of money when it comes to being concentrated on in the project to ‘Low Impact Light Rail’ include the method for tramway tracklaying. research and development – which is – a second one is energy-related, development of gas-powered fuel-cell Geoff Quarmby a major reason UK Tram has focused because this is another area in which substations, to help provide a new its efforts on trackform and on UK Tram has identified the possibility method of creating traction current; ABOVE RIGHT: Following energy saving. of large savings. Vehicles have and new ways of generating on-board final alignment, tram tracks in The current funding is intended to deliberately been left out of the power to fuel ancillary systems. Rotterdam are infilled with a soft be spent over two financial years, but UK Tram scheme, partly in order to As for the test fleet of trams, aggregate layer which is then Mr Griffiths says he has already been target available funds where they are while they are likely to play a key compacted for block paving. in discussion with the UK Department most likely to be effective – and partly role in trying out track and other Geoff Quarmby for Transport about possible future because FutureRailway is already innovations as part of the UK Tram money; talks have also taken place focusing on them, Mr Griffiths reports. scheme, Mr Griffiths says they LEFT: Scenes such as this, with heavy rail body FutureRailway “We deliberately went for trackform “will also be available to the industry construction of Nottingham over aspects where there’s potential and energy – trackform because it’s more generally.” Express Transit line 2 on Queen’s crossover between light and heavy such a huge saving, energy because “If someone’s got an innovation… Walk, show the kind of disruption rail. FutureRailway is a collaboration it’s a big focus for us.” they want to try on a tram, there’s no caused by new light rail projects. between infrastructure body Network “There’s no point duplicating when reason they can’t get in touch now.” The UK is currently involved in Rail and the UK’s RSSB (Rail Safety and we have limited funds, but I’m very Costs are pretty nominal: a pioneering scheme to examine Standards Board), with the focus being much saying that if this is successful “Around GBP50 a day, just to cover ways to cut delivery schedules on research and development. there will be more.” UK Tram’s expenses.” and costs. Tony Streeter

In the UK in recent years, taken together their different infrastructures, regulations in Jerusalem, Reims and Algiers, and is these factors have arguably helped to create a and expectations; between projects with currently in use for Nottingham Express situation that encourages shying away from their widely different local conditions and Transit Phase Two. innovation rather than embracing it. budgets; and even within systems – where Traditional street-running track All of this is why Griffiths is so enthusiastic part of the network may be on segregated construction, which is still utilised, sees about what is now being done by UK Tram; track, another on streets heavily used by rails mounted on sleepers, with tie bars, a fill what’s more, he believes the new ideas that motor traffic, and still another in a material added and slabs, paving or asphalt end up being supported may well have uses pedestrian area… put on top. far outside the country. That is perhaps just one reason why so Internationally, there has been great ‘Low Impact Light Rail’ has GBP3m in many methods of laying tramway track variation. In recent years some markets – support from the UK’s Technology Strategy have been developed over the years and such as the UK – have generally insisted on Board; the scheme’s aim? To promote why so many remain relevant today – from much heavier and more robust construction innovation in areas that will have the biggest conventional railway-style off-street running than others with the aim of providing a impact in bringing costs down. This is lines, to embedded rails held in place in a more durable construction, but with the intended as a very practical trial, not simply concrete slab by a polymer; or track mounted potential of more cost and disruption at the an academic exercise. “Part of what we’re on individual concrete stanchions. construction phase. trying to do is lead people,” says Griffiths. Recently, proprietary designs such as Clearly, digging down deep and moving “We don’t want to force people into Alstom’s Appitrack have sought to increase any utilities that might possibly be affected solutions, we want to give them thought- tracklaying efficiency: Appitrack is an will be a more major and expensive exercise through options.” automated system that inserts fasteners into than a lightweight construction that a concrete slab via laser-alignment, the depth disturbs under-street structures as little Towards the ideal trackform? of which can be varied, and which promises as possible. So what is the ideal trackform for a tramway? much faster tracklaying than manual Yet despite all these differences Griffiths Clearly there can be no single answer. methods. The system has laid up to 400m still feels there are common principles. Circumstances vary between countries, with of street track in a single day in installations In fact, he said at the 2014 Nottingham

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On 15 May 2010 this view north-east from Sheffield Street in Manchester shows construction underway of the off-street alignment for the East Manchester line, immediately beyond the undercroft of Piccadilly station. Note the slab track construction on the left and the steel mesh on the right used for protection against stray current. Mike Haddon

VOICES FROM THE UK CONFERENCE

A well-attended panel debate at the ninth UK Light Rail Conference on how things could be moved forward was led by Paul Griffiths. Fellow panellist Tony Jory, Consultant conference, “utopia must be a low profile individual slabs effectively sit on a ‘ladder’ Principal Engineer at Parsons Brinckerhoff, raised the issue of the size of the cross-section shallow excavation, and a quick, cheap, formation supporting track and sleepers needed – pointing out that the bigger this is, the robust way of constructing the trackform.” with the slabs able to be lifted to provide easy greater the potential cost and disruption. He also access underneath. This, Mr Griffiths says, suggested that things that could be considered Supporting innovation is potentially “an obvious solution to the include a specification that “encourages So, this year UK Tram has been inviting utilities problem”. proprietary modular track systems that can be applications from people and organisations A further proposal is for a system that installed at very quick rates.” interested in developing their trackform ideas could help integrate transport modes by Standardisation was also a key aspect in his as well as those associated with energy and allowing “Bus Rapid Transit and light rail considerations: “With the new generation of . These will then be evaluated on the same slab.” systems in the UK, and probably across Europe it’s fair to say, there is no real standardisation in somewhere Mr Griffiths thinks may be Other track-related submissions most aspects of tram systems, but also in track unique – a trials facility not created by a single include innovative methods of examining structure.” manufacturer primarily for its own use, but by welds and of weld restoration; and methods He suggested that “…with perhaps an industry- the collective will of the industry. Mr Griffiths for determining optimum rail wear. wide careful consideration of all these various believes the funding method may be a one- Also under consideration for further factors and the requirements, that can lead to off too: “I’m not aware of anybody trying to development are lightweight designs perhaps a broad standard or specification for a progress things through funded programmes.” for overhead line equipment, onboard trackform design that then gets accepted across Key to the plans is the former British Army fuel cells and energy regeneration the whole industry”. Alstom Transport Trackwork Project Manager depot at Long Marston in Warwickshire, through vehicle vibration. Yann Picard suggested that the “key word is which has an internal rail system connected Any of these ideas that push forward to simplicity.” to the national network – and which is development will be able to be tried out not “We have to be simple from the design to the already home to a presence from the railway only using the ‘demo tracks’ at Long Marston, maintenance… that doesn’t mean cheap, but we industry grouping Rail Alliance. but also a dedicated ‘Light Rail Vehicle have to find the balance.” Formerly a major military facility, Long Test Fleet’, which is in the process of being Mr Picard later suggested a ‘think tank’ could Marston offers space to create a ‘live’ established (see TAUT 921). be formed in a bid to move to develop trackform. environment away from any operational The operational part of that fleet is to be David Moreland, Pre-Contract Director at system, either light or heavy. Installation of made up of two redundant T68 trams from VolkerRail, covered a number of areas and reminded delegates that tracks running on- 750V dc overhead electrification is already Manchester Metrolink and a pair of T69 street “are effectively… highway with some planned, and Griffiths says the plan is to put vehicles from Midland Metro. tracks in them and they’re subject to all the in “100m stretches” of test applications. Mr Griffiths reports that there are loads that are imposed by heavy goods vehicles “Long Marston is outside the Network Rail benefits to having vehicles from both fleets and buses”. envelope,” explains Griffiths referring to the because they offer different characteristics Among other things he also pointed out that UK’s heavy rail infrastructure body, (for a start T68s are high-floor and T69s “construction contractors are very, very wary “so it is much easier.” are low-floor) – but also because they of taking any form of performance risk, and Schemes entered into the competition are drawn from the same AnsaldoBreda obviously the performance risk of a vehicle is associated with the design of the track”. number among them a slab-based form of ‘family’ some other aspects, including some construction for street running, in which components, are common.

428 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org Looking west on Stephenson Street, Birmingham, on 26 June, showing tracklaying on the city centre extension of Midland Metro – New Street Station is on the left. Tony Sullivan

Also moving to Long Marston will Where next? Strategy Board as funder of the scheme in be a vehicle from a much older generation Griffiths is confident that because of its developing a UK rail industry that can sell that is already used for test purposes: nature, the UK scheme could bring forward around the world – remember, of course, that the former Blackpool Brush car 636, real innovations that will find use not only Derby is already home to the largest cluster of which has been at Derby undergoing in that country, but potentially around the rail-based businesses in the world. longer-term trials of steerable wheel motors. world. This is a key driver for the Technology Over the next few months UK Tram will finalise which schemes it intends to take forward, with feasibility work over the next few months and physical demonstration work next year. During 2015, therefore, “things will be tried out… and happening.” Ultimately, the decisions will be made on a judgment of “what generates the biggest savings and the best value for money”. Griffiths is optimistic about the project’s prospects: “I think there’s real innovation in there, but the really important bit is being able to convince people in the UK; that’s why it’s important as a demonstration. “Success looks like at least one trackform that’s being used out there in, say, five years, and similarly a handful of the energy ideas coming through, but at least as important is persuading the industry that innovation isn’t a bad thing.”

Paul Griffiths is Metro Programme Director for the West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive, Centro. There, he is currently overseeing the expansion of the tramway from Snow Hill to Stephenson Street, alongside New Street station, as well as the future network development of Midland Metro. He has been a civil engineer for more than 20 years, and before On-street track projects can disrupt core city areas, not helping light rail’s initial reception from residents and moving to Centro was Projects Director at businesses. UK Tram’s competition is looking to see how this dislocation can be minimised through simplifying Greater Manchester PTE. He is Vice Chairman trackform – Edinburgh’s in August 2009. Donald Stirling of UK Tram’s promoters’ group.

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BOOK NOW www.SmartRailWorld.com/SMA-TAUT The future for big data HOW BIG DATA OFFERS BIG OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSIT NETWORKS Wade Rosado, director of Analytics for Urban Insights, looks at how operators and authorities collect data and use predictive analysis tools to better understand journey characteristics to maximise efficiency and revenues.

he transportation industry has quickly become one of the leading players in the connected world’s Internet of Things (IoT), because of the extensive data generated eachT day by vehicle locator and passenger counting systems, as well as ticketing and fare collection systems. While already consuming vast amounts of storage space in operators’ data centres, driving value from these mountains of information has proved elusive. Traditional analytical San Diego is one city already benefitting from the big data revolution. MTS is pulling together data streams techniques cannot be used due to the scale, for predictive analysis of more complete journey patterns across both light rail and bus services. Vic Simons complexity and disparate nature of the data. Fortunately, advances in data science and top of the available technology tools that The predictive analytics process analytics are creating an opportunity to many agencies already possess. Without a coherent process to weave harness this information for new insights into together data from different systems into passenger journeys to optimise transportation How trips become ‘journeys’ meaningful information that can be used to networks and rider convenience. To better visualise the types of data guide decisions, suboptimal outcomes are transportation authorities and agencies are inevitable. Success in achieving this fused Looking at the bigger data picture fusing to create a full, insightful picture of view of activities and events taking place in Deriving value from public transportation their networks, let’s envision an everyday the transport network is reliant on leveraging data starts with a prominent issue: it is siloed. scenario: you board a bus at point A to travel knowledge of existing systems, incorporating All of this data is not only housed in separate to point B, and at point A you touch your specific factors relevant to a particular transit silos, it was generated by different systems smartcard – this creates a data footprint. organisation, and the participation of subject from different vendors in different formats In most transit systems, you are not required matter experts to maximise the benefits of that were never designed to be used together. to touch your smartcard to exit. Perhaps the such a solution, making collaboration a vital By looking at this information as singular next trip entry is at point C, with a travel part of the process. Collaboration allows categories, however, transportation agencies segment from point C to D. organisations to gain impactful analytic and authorities are viewing their networks’ But point B is being lost. Whether it indicates insights in a quick and organised way. realities through a small pinhole. This has a transfer or mode change from bus to light Though transportation organisations been a common practice when using big data rail, for example, is getting lost between B already have access to immensely large in transit and elsewhere, primarily due to and C, and typically there’s nothing to record data sets, they need to decide which ones to the difficulty of gathering, integrating and location D. Planners are then left guessing use and where to find complementary assets. comprehending these disparate sources. about the journeys riders are taking. These The first step in gathering the relevant data Currently, transportation agencies and omissions seriously hamper efforts to optimise is extracting and collecting it, to survey the operators have rider and journey information resources, since planners are only able to look available sources and extract it. Then it must and are using advanced planning tools. at travel segments, not whole journeys. be stored in a staging area, preferably one The opportunity is to see a more complete, To compose trips into journeys, big data that’s free from traditional data management richer picture of the factors and dynamics and predictive analytics can combine and constraints, prior to being cleaned and that contribute to the success, effectiveness analyse multiple types of data in order to organised into standardised transportation- and efficiency of the network by fusing these understand the progression of travel – the specific models suitable for analytics. siloed data sources together. relationship of A to B to C to D – and develop Another critical step in the process is Analytics companies, like the newly- a deeper understanding of traveller needs. to interpret the story told by the collected launched Urban Insights, can help realise Why is it that someone chose a particular information. This can be achieved by fusing that opportunity by leveraging big data tools route, based on the journey they were domain-specific data with other modelled and predictive analytics to assist agencies in actually taking? Armed with these data and applying predictive analytics to improving operations, reducing costs and insights, transit agencies can more create a bigger, more complete picture of better serving their riders. This, however, effectively balance traveller demand what factors are influencing performance requires a tailored data science process on with transportation capacity. and other objective outcomes.

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To exploit these relationships, statistical all unique in their own ways. There will also Another example includes pinpointing analysis, simulation and optimisation can be be, for example, Monday patterns that are everyday events like late-arriving buses, applied. This will help to plan for and predict distinct from Friday patterns and very much service breakdowns or signal outages that what’s likely to happen under different distinct from Saturday and Sunday. All of this have the highest, most significant economic scenarios; these gathered insights can then be will not only change on a day-to-day basis, impact/costs to suggest areas where attention turned into data visualisations and reports to but seasonally as well. should be focused to eliminate the root cause convey nuanced behaviour and trends. MTS’ approach is giving it a much more as much as possible. The last step in harnessing insights for complete picture that it can overlay upon The future of data analytics in operational improvement is for transport transportation network design assumptions, transportation offers many more organisations to realise the true benefits to ensure that it’s properly meeting the needs opportunities than just those stated here. by achieving their desired and planned of its customers. The challenge is certainly not the ability operational outcomes. to generate data. The solution is pushing Each step in the process should be easily The future of transportation analytics forward using significantly improved means replicable and applied on a regular basis in The number of transportation authorities and methods to gather and understand the order to effectively measure performance taking advantage of these opportunities will available data so business decisions can be against targets and goals, confirm success continue to grow – and the technology will informed by better comprehension of what of said goals and plan future objectives in a evolve along with them. the data is saying. continuous improvement cycle. In the future, specific tools and models will work with data sources from an increasing Case study: San Diego number of operational systems as well as San Diego Metropolitan Transportation non-transit sources such as traffic data, social URBAN INSIGHTS System (MTS) is currently using the media feeds to reveal traveller sentiment, Wade Rosado is director of predictive analytics process approach population demographics, geospatial data, Analytics for Urban Insights, described here to observe and examine weather data and economic and retail data responsible for advanced commuters’ complete journeys. A complete to improve operational management and analytics solutions and journey, in MTS’ case, is when someone planning activities for transportation. program management activities connects between multiple bus routes and Agencies, for example, may use big data to supporting the firm’s consulting LRVs en route to their final destination. predict the impact on highways and public services and technology offering. MTS is a multi-modal system with two transport networks caused by metro line Urban Insights operates as a wholly-owned primary modes – bus service and light rail. closures or roadworks, and recommend the subsidiary of Cubic Transportation Systems Often, the way that passengers travel is most effective change in communication Inc. and provides transportation-specific accounted for and reported on as discrete legs strategy and scheduling to mitigate some of consulting, services and technology that merge its parent company’s domain expertise and of a journey. Knowing that a person boarded the impact. The same concept can be applied technology heritage to empower transportation at one location might suggest that the person to unplanned events, such as transport organisations to gather data, comprehend alighted at a different location, but when the labour strikes, or on a more regular basis to insights and act on them. traveller completes a connected journey manage traffic incidents and congestion. by changing modes or routes transition between those two legs of the journey is often lost in the mix. “In the future, tools will work with non-transit sources That is partly due to the volume of data generated and the difficulty of such as traffic and social media feeds to reveal traveller gaining visibility of those connections. Key factors for analysis include where these sentiment, population demographics, geospatial and travel segments are taking place, when they’re occurring, and their volume. weather data and economic and retail data to improve Having this information would allow operational management and planning.” agencies to determine whether there’s a need to remedy a situation or if they’ve actually hit the mark and are providing service in a way that people desire. MTS and other agencies often have a tough time reconciling these unlinked travel segments. So the agency has been working to understand, in a more detailed way, how travellers are moving through its network. Comprehending where and when connections are being made and arriving at a comprehensive view of those activities will allow MTS to determine if assumptions that underpin the planning of services are consistent with how travellers are actually using them. Specifically, the agency is utilising analytic tools supplied by Urban Insights to bring together five independent data sources supplied from disparate enterprise systems to arrive at a coherent understanding. Urban Insights’ predictive analytics process examines when, where and at what frequency these travellers are engaging in travel, down to a very granular level at approximately 15-minute intervals. Patterns emerge as a result of repetitive behaviour of travellers reflecting periodicities. For instance, during Predictive analysis methodologies utilising complex and diverse data streams allow operators and authorities the typical weekday, there will be morning to more accurately forecast demand, manage disruption and allocate resources within multi-modal networks. peak, afternoon peak and midday patterns, This is Algiers, which features metro, tram and bus operation and hundreds of connection points. M. R. Russell

432 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org Tallinn

Neil Pulling reports from Estonia’s only SYSTEMS tramway, in the midst Tallinn of infrastructure reconstruction and FACTFILE awaiting new trams ESTONIA after years of reliance No. Tallinn, on second-hand 85 Estonia rolling stock.

allinn’s spectrum of Looking towards With a population of 425 249 (April expansion of urban sprawl”, and that historical influence, the Old Town, 2013), or approximately 31% of the “the preferential development of including invasion and eastbound 121 national total, the capital is also the public transport is most important”. occupation, is reflected in and 165 approach only part of Estonia showing growth – Partly to offset national its website with Estonian, Hobujaama. which is so concentrated that even its infrastructure shortcomings, TRussian, English, German, Finnish Harju (county) would show a net fall Estonia has strongly embraced and Swedish sections. With Estonia without Tallinn’s inclusion. the development of the internet, gaining independence in 1991 Although population reductions originating much of the original following the collapse of the Soviet are forecast for Estonia, Tallinn’s software development of Skype and Union, a growing international projections are such that transport extensive online administration. outlook is also evident. investment is soundly based, with Tallinn’s public transport system, Sitting at the Baltic’s eastern end, around two-thirds of national public where on-the-ground information just 82km (51 miles) from Helsinki, passenger volume centred in the city. is basic at best, is often best served Tallinn boasts a busy ferry port and is All pictures by Tallinn’s 2014-20 Development Plan through this medium – web a popular cruise liner destination. Neil Pulling cited concerns over “uncontrolled resources are very comprehensive.

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THE FLEET

The tramway re-equipped with Gothaer Waggonfabrik stock from in the 1950s and Czech ČKD trams in 1973, now all replaced. The present all-ČKD Tatra passenger fleet, mostly from the 1980s, includes SU (Soviet Union) examples directly from the Czech maker, identifiable by their large opening upper windows. A much bigger group of KT4D trams was bought from former East Germany operators. The main source with 37 vehicles, some as recently as 2013, has been where Düwag MGT6D and Siemens displaced many modernised Tatra KT4D; others came from , and Oder. The Tallinn tram livery is blue with white banding, although vehicles’ diverse origins account for many variations, as do some extreme examples of view-obscuring advertising wraps. Handling services on the temporarily reduced tramway, the articulated two-section 18m KT4 is wholly high-floor with a capacity for 170, 35 seated. Otherwise similar, 12 KT6 feature ABOVE: A 2008 an added nine-metre low-floor centre car by Mittenwalder arrival from Erfurt, Gerätebau, giving a capacity of 246, 55 seated. Gotha stock remains 162 takes the Kopli represented as works car conversions and in the heritage fleet. line at the central In a tender contested by unsuccessful competitor Stadler, the junction on 2 June. initial November 2012 contract for 16 three-section CAF Urbos AXL trams was supplemented by four converted options in LEFT: From the February 2014. The contract includes training for maintenance last KT4SU batch and driving by the Spanish manufacturer. bought directly by The firstUrbos is due in November 2014, with CAF images Tallinn in 1990, 121 at indicating a new white and orange livery. Based at Pärnu Maleva on the Kopli Road, Urbos will be used on lines 3 and 4. The 80% low-floor, line. 30.9m-long, 2.3m-wide uni-directional trams have a 284 capacity with 86 seated; and will suit the challenging environment that has a -40ºC to 40ºC range.

BELOW: The single track loop including Kadriorg terminus ABOVE: City centre Hobujaama, the only stop normally with four ABOVE: Former Erfurt 467 is one of several still in that livery, and is will host CAF trams lines: summer 2014, with only lines 1 and 2 active. now Tallinn 165. It is at Balti Jaam. on line 3.

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For this reason, potential visitors are high-rise retailing and office- recommended to print materials such dominated central region. West of as line maps and ticket information the delta junction on diverging arms, from the internet before travel. the other stops give access to the Old The present city-owned network Town spread around Toompea Hill. operator Tallinna Linnatranspordi The city’s original fortified site and Aktsiaselts (TLT) was formed by distinguishing skyline feature, it is combining previously separate now the main tourism and leisure administrations for tram, bus and area. trolleybus in 2012. Viru is on the tramway’s southern Since 2013 all Tallinn residents, as arm, the main focus of a current well as students and those aged 65 and project to facilitate the introduction of over registered as Estonian residents, new trams. Designated as line 4 are entitled to free travel, subject (Tondi-Ülemiste) redesign and to requirements. Failure to comply renovation, the EUR26m contract Kopli depot supplies the reduced 2014-15 system. Rebuilt from a may lead to legal proceedings by the incorporates a complete rebuild of 1957 Gotha tram, works car T24 is to the left. municipal police’s mobile revenue protection teams. “The August 2014 Network operations rebuilding project will Electrification came to Tallinn’s tramway later than usual. It was allow restoration of October 1925 before the city began the protracted displacement of horses, lines 3 and 4, capable of steam and internal combustion engines on a system that originated in accommodating 1888. Never an extensive operation, it grew by integrating different rail modern rolling stock” installations and doubling single tracks. The 1955 Ülemiste extension 6km (3.8 miles) of infrastructure. It to the city’s eastern edge completed also covers the branch serving the today’s four-line layout. prosperous Kadriorg district. This Overlooking Paljassaare Bay, a 2013 acquisition from Erfurt is on the Now unusual for tramways and forms part of line 3, as well as being Kopli depot track. requiring re-gauging of the many line 1’s eastern end. Also within the second-hand trams joining the fleet, project’s scope are renewal of power Tallinn uses the 1067mm ‘Cape’ supply and rebuilding Pärnu Road gauge. Much of the system has its own depot, just off the southern arm right of way, mostly following roads near Vineeri stop. A new loop for but also with free-standing sections. an interchange hub on line 4 is also Boarding is from low platforms, planned in Ülemiste. pavements or from road level. At stops This district also includes a possible like that at city centre Mere puiestee expansion beyond the present this is in the middle lanes, with traffic terminus along the arterial highway required to halt behind stopped trams. Peterburi tee (St Petersburg Road); while The tramway’s basic configuration within the urban area to the south- is one of three arms meeting at a delta east, Tallinn’s international airport is junction sited between Hobujaama another prospective extension. (the only stop that hosted all four In August 2014 Tallinn was lines), Mere puiestee and Viru. The operating a reduced service of Built in 1981, ex-Erfurt KT4D 176 descends to Lubja on approach to first is closest to Tallinn’s modern two east-west tramlines, 1 and 2, the city centre.

Ülemiste terminus on the NETWORK FACTS 1955 Peterburi 1888 (electrification 1925) Opened: tee extension. Lines: 4 (2014-15: 2) Depots: 2 (2014-15: 1) Approx. weekday hours: 04.45-23.30 Main frequency: 4-6 minutes Gauge: 1067mm Power: 600V dc overhead supply Fleet: Approx. 80 ČKD Tatra KT4/KT6 City network: Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS

INFORMATION City network: www.tallinnlt.ee City network timetables: http://soiduplaan.tallinn.ee Civic information: www.tallinn.ee Tourist information: www.tourism.tallinn.ee

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due project works necessitating Hobujaama, from where it extends to TOP LEFT: Once important for workers in a a temporary closure (with work Ülemiste terminus, giving a total Stopping other formerly industrial area, the relatively scheduled for autumn 2015 route of 11km (6.9 miles). The full road traffic, street long and bumpy Kopli arm ends with completion). The project will allow system’s 39km (24.4 miles) of track is boarding takes place views over a Baltic inlet, Paljassaare at Mere puiestee. restoration of lines 3 and 4, mainly doubled. Bay, close to the depot access line. then capable of accommodating To create terminus loops around TOP RIGHT: Mainly serving the south-western modern rolling stock. Until then, lines streets, track diverges on approach An ex-Gera KT4D districts from the centre, there are 1 and 2 cover the active track, with a to Kadriorg and on the currently in Tallinn livery, 141 seven trolleybus lines in a system short divergence at the eastern end closed Tondi arm. Ülemiste and Kopli takes the Ülemiste begun in July 1965. As with the distinguishing the two services. termini have short loops beyond terminus loop; tramway it is Estonia’s only such Line 1 between Kopli in the west and separate arrival and departure Peterburi tee is system, with old and new vehicles. Kadriorg is about 8.5km (5.3 miles) platforms. With Pärnu Road depot a candidate for Although central Tallinn covers long. A longer service taking around being remodelled and isolated by track tramway extension. a relatively compact area, its public 36 minutes, line 2 replicates line 1 as rebuilding, Kopli has been the only ABOVE LEFT: transport hubs are widely dispersed. far east as the junction just beyond active depot during the project. The Kopli line near The long-distance bus terminal is Linnahall, seen near two abnormally close stops on from the Old City tram line 2, Autobussijaam and Lubja. ESSENTIAL FACTS ramparts. With 56 lines overall, the main city bus concentration is an underground Local travel: Single- all trips, use the orange a leisure area. Although ABOVE RIGHT: terminus beneath the Viru Centre ride tickets at EUR1.60, validators at vehicle entry. short, the tramway gives Deceptively rural: shopping and entertainment complex. cash only from a broad sample of non- this section of The principal railway station with drivers. The all-modes What is there to see? tourist Tallinn, as does the reserved space is on Ühiskaart (smartcard) is The restored Old market near Balti jaam. See the edge of Tallinn’s a tram stop of the same name, Balti recommended, although Town combines fine www.tourism.tallinn.ee for Old Town. jaam (Baltic Station) terminus is west it has a EUR2 deposit that buildings with Tallinn’s details of the Tallinn Card of the Old Town. is not made convenient for main entertainment that combines general The national 1520mm gauge a visitor to reclaim. Load concentration. Around attractions with public rail network is more important for Ühiskaart with 1/3/5 days at its northern edge are the transport. Timings on the freight than passengers, although EUR3/5/6, from outlets. The ramparts that provide many Helsinki ferries make Tallinn is the hub for state-owned widespread R-Kiosk chain panoramic views towards day excursions possible, is easiest to identify: there is the Baltic and over the but note that departure Elron’s regional passenger service. an outlet inside the airport city. Mixing freight and points of different operators Modernised like Balti jaam terminus, terminal. Mandatory passenger vessels, the are dispersed in both cities; the fleet consists of Stadler diesel onboard validation for port area is developing as see www.portoftallinn.com and electric multiple units acquired 2013-14.

436 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org Worldwide Review

ALGERIA CASABLANCA. Alstom has withdrawn from its five-year maintenance contract for the tramway, which started in July 2012, reportedly due to disagreements over contractual terms. Casa Tram, the consortium operating and maintaining line 1 has taken over responsibility for maintenance. IRJ

ARGENTINA BUENOS AIRES. The 86 CAF- built 6000-series metro cars purchased from Madrid for USD57.6m will enter service on line B in the first quarter of 2015. The traction supply on line B is being upgraded and the third rail replaced with rigid overhead. RGI

AUSTRALIA BROADBEACH – SOUTHPORT. The Gold Coast tramway is The CAF Urbos 3 trams are now in service on the Sydney light rail line. This is 2117 at Taverners Hill stop. A. Galloway averaging about 16 700 passengers/ day, exceeding the established CANADA trains have been ordered from ETHIOPIA lines in Adelaide and Sydney. CALGARY. The 2.5km (1.5- CNR Changchun for the 15.2km ADDIS ABABA. The first of 41 The numbers are expected mile) extension of the Red line (9.4-mile) Yanfang line, due to Chinese-built LRVs was completed to rise as the summer season from Crowfoot to Tuscany open in late 2015. The line will at Changchun in late October, and takes effect. Gold Coast Bulletin opened on 23 August. With the provide interchange with the 50 Ethiopian staff are now at the completion of work at Bridgeland/ Fangshan line at Cheliangduan. factory for training. Xinhua AUSTRIA Memorial station, the USD273.6m IRJ GRAZ. Ex-Duisburg trams programme to lengthen platforms CHENGDU. CNR Changchun FRANCE 524/5 have been withdrawn, to accommodate trains of four has delivered the first of 27 LE MANS. Tramway line T2, from leaving just 526/9-34/6/7 available LRVs is approaching completion. six-car metro trains for lines 3 Préfecture to Hauts de Bellevue for service. EB E. B. Havens and 4, with all expected to be (3.4km/2.1 miles), opened on 1 TORONTO. The strike at on test by June 2015. Electrical September, increasing the network BELGIUM Bombardier’s Thunder Bay factory equipment is supplied by Alstom. to 19km (11.8 miles); 34 Alstom BRUXELLES/BRUSSELS. went on for more than six weeks RGI Citadis trams are now in service. Construction of the new depot and as a result just two Bombardier NANJING. On 1 August another Marconi has resumed after low-floor trams were available for suburban rail line started carrying GERMANY STIB reduced the parking area passenger service on passengers, line S8 from Taishan BERLIN. It is now hoped that at the facility. Delivery of from 31 August, instead of 12. Village to Jinniuhu (44.5km/ the 2.3km (1.4-mile) tramway Bombardier Flexity trams reached Route (Union 27.7 miles). At present this line extension to Hauptbahnhof 3130 in September. T-2000 Station – Exhibition) trams will in the north-west sector does not will open for line M5 service on resume from 12 October after two have any connection with other 14 December. Lines M8 and M10 years of bus operation to permit rail transit lines. urbanrail.net will follow in 2015. RIO DE JANEIRO. Tenders have infrastructure upgrading. NANTONG. A metro project DB Regio subsidiary S-Bahn been invited to carry out feasibility In order to speed up service, has been approved by central Berlin has been awarded an interim studies for three new metro lines: TTC will adopt proof-of-payment government, which will be the contract to operate ring line S-Bahn Uruguai – Engenhão (8.9km/5.5 fare collection on trams from 37th system to be built in China. services from December 2017 to miles); Estácio – Carioca 1 January, permitting all-doors ChinaTimes.com 2022-23. It had been intended (3.7km/2.3 miles); Jardim boarding for the 60% of riders SHANGHAI. Qihualu station to award the contract based on Oceânico – Alvorda – Recreio dos who use a Metropass; 100 fare on metro line 7 was opened on the results of tendering, but the Bandeirantes (16.9km / 10.5 miles). inspectors will be recruited. 22 July. In future this will complication of requiring a new Results are expected in The second platform at Union provide interchange with the fleet made this impossible. DB autumn 2015. RGI Station on the Yonge subway planned line 15. urbanrail.net will introduce new trains in 2019- SÃO PAULO. The Move São Paulo (line 1) opened on 18 August. TIANJIN. Metro line 2 was 20. A 15-year contract will then be PPP concession for metro line 6 has The first two of 18 Sumitomo extended from Konggangjingjiqu advertised with any new contractor awarded the construction and DMU cars for the 25km (15.5-mile) to Binhai International Airport taking on the new trains. J IR equipment contract to a Japanese Union – Pearson Airport rail link on 28 August. urbanrail.net . The ex-Halle consortium of Mitsubishi Heavy were delivered in August. The MGT6 trams 104/5 entered service Industries and Mitsui. UP Express will give a 15-minute CZECH REPUBLIC on 23 August. DS The Orange line will run for service with 25-minute journey LIBEREC. A second batch of FREIBURG-IM-BREISGAU. 15.9km (9.9 miles) from Brasilândia time; it opens next year. Tatra T3R.SLF trams (new bodies The Federal Ministry of Transport to São Joaquim and should be InsideToronto.com, IRJ with low-floor centre entrance) has allocated EUR23m to help ready to carry passengers in 2020. WATERLOO–KITCHENER. is entering service, with Škoda fund the EUR55m Rotteckring ABC Integrado, the sole bidder, The ground-breaking ceremony electrical control (the previous project, which will create a new has been awarded the Public- for the new light rail line took batch had Cegelec control). 2.4km (1.5-mile) link running Private Partnership concession to place on 21 August. CBC News The trams are 38, 65/6/9, north-south in the city centre build, operate and maintain the 82; nominally rebuilds of from a triangular junction at 15km (9.3-mile) monorail line 18. CHINA older standard-gauge trams with Siegesdenkmal to Basler Strasse Opening is scheduled for 2018. RGI BEIJING. Sixty automated metro these numbers. DS (where it will connect with the

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2014 / 437 Worldwide Review

1995 Berlin Tatra KT4D 9490 has been sold to Izhevsk, Russia, where it has been modernised and entered service as tram 2400. diman-izh The first trial runs are in progress on Palermo’s new tramway. G. Gumina

Vauban line). Completion is hoped to An Bord Pleanála (Ireland’s after riots were quelled, sporadic on line 11 from 12.00 to 17.00 on for 2018; the project will help planning board) for a Railway violence continues, particularly 18 October. digitaltram.nl, OR increase capacity on the metre- Order to secure a northbound rock throwing. At one stage only gauge tramway, which has seen an stop for Dawson Street on the 15 trams were available for service. PARAGUAY increase in annual patronage from Luas Cross City line. This has Jerusalem Post, Times of ASUNCION. Korean consultants 29m in 1984 to 76m in 2012. IRJ been developed in response to are carrying out a feasibility study HALLE. Because of rising requests from traders in the street ITALY for a light rail line connecting passenger numbers HAVAG who feared that trade would be ROMA. Passenger service on the capital with Ypacarai (24km/ is considering improving lost if trams did not have a stop metro line C from Parco di 15 miles). koreatimes.co.kr frequencies by re-instating up in the area. Centocelle to Monte Compatri/ to five three-car sets of Tatra The National Transport Pantano was due to be inaugurated T4D+T4D+B4D trams on route 3 Authority has upgraded its online on 11 October. This uses part of BYDGOSZCZ. Twelve PESA Swing on Monday-Friday. BS journey planner to incorporate the trackbed of the former metre- 100% low-floor air-conditioned HAMBURG. A mock-up of the real-time information for Luas gauge interurban. urbanrail.net trams have been ordered at a new ET490 S-Bahn unit has been and heavy rail services. This brings TORINO. The Sassi-Superga cost of PLN109m (EUR25.9m). unveiled by S-Bahn GmbH. the planner into line with bus rack tramway does not operate The metre-gauge trams will be The first of the new trains should service information. on Tuesdays, except during used on the new 9.5km (5.9-mile) be delivered in late 2016. BS Easter week. M. Jose line to Fordon, due to open in KARLSRUHE. Articulated cars ISLE OF MAN 2015. The five-section cars will be 203 and 208 have been scrapped. DOUGLAS. The last opportunity KUWAIT 30.1m long and 2.35m wide with The remaining examples will be to visit the present Douglas KUWAIT CITY. The Ministry a capacity of 207 passengers. RGI withdrawn at the 14 December Horse Tram stables was to be on of Communications has finalised GDANSK. After tenders were timetable change. DS 14 September when an open day plans for three metro lines: 1) invited to modernise 14 ex-Kassel SARBRÜCKEN. Light rail service was held. University – Jhra Gate – Great Stadtbahn-N trams and fit them was to be extended from Heuweiler The tramway will be closed Mosque – Jaber Al Mubarak – with low-floor centre sections, Markt to Lebach-Jabach on until 2016 and it is likely that Mubarak Al Kabeer – Salwa – the contract was awarded to 5 October. urbanrail.net it will suffer some years of Messila Beach; 2) Great Mosque Modertrans for PLN18.4m ZWICKAU. Tatra KT4D tram disruption while the promenade – Sawaber – Mubarak Al Kabeer (EUR4.4m). DS 935 has been broken up for is reconstructed in sections and – Scientific Center – Salwa; 3) LODZ. Ex-Helsinki Duewag spare parts. DS the tram track largely singled and Airport – Jahra Gate – Sawaber – trams 163/5 have become Lodz transferred to reservation. Jaber Al Mubarak. 1512/19. BS INDIA SNAEFELL MOUNTAIN Construction of the 68.7km OLSZTYN. On 19 August the city THIRU–VANANTHA–PURAM. RAILWAY. The railway was left (42.7-mile) system is expected council signed contracts with civil Plans for a 22.2km (13.8-mile) with only three trams available to start in 2017 under a PPP engineering company Skanska Bombardier monorail in the after car 3 suffered a minor fire at contract. IRJ (6km/3.7 miles, PLN150m/ capital of Kerala state have been Laxey on 30 July at the start of the EUR35.6m) and Torpol (5km/3.1 cancelled after a study by Delhi Manx Heritage Transport Festival miles, PLN61m/EUR14.5m) to Metro reported that a light metro and car 4, which was sent to rescue DAUGAVPILS. The order for complete the work on the new would be more cost-effective. it, was derailed as spring loaded new low-floor trams has now been tramway, which is now due for Bombardier had offered to build points split its bogies. Both cars placed with the Russian company completion in late 2015. RGI the monorail for USD2.3bn, were damaged leaving only cars Ust-Katav, which will supply but a light metro would cost 1, 5 and 6 available for service. its KTM23 and KTM31 RUSSIA USD997.1m. Express News Service Car 2 was nearing the end of (articulated) models. DS CHELYABINSK. The first new its full overhaul programme and 71-623 low-floor tram from IRAN was quickly prepared for service Ust-Katav (1205) was delivered on TABRIZ. Chinese companies while 3 and 4 were repaired. DEN HAAG. The diversion of line 15 August. transphoto.ru are putting together proposals 11 trams that has been in place for IZHEVSK. Ten ex-Berlin Tatra to invest in a light rail project for ISRAEL more than a year came to an end KT4D have been placed on this city in north-west Iran with a JERUSALEM. Work started at on 1 August. This route is now 1520mm-gauge bogies from population of 1.5m. farsnews.com the end of August to extend the cleared for the operation of the withdrawn T3 cars and given an tramway from Mount Herzl to new Siemens Avenio trams. overhaul before entering service as IRELAND Hadassah Ein Kerem Hospital. Articulated tram 3018 has 2400-09. The undertaking is also DUBLIN. T h e R a i l w a y Although tram service resumed been broken up for spare parts. refitting T3 trams with heavily- Procurement Agency has applied on the northern section of the line Museum trams will be operating modified bodywork and new

438 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org interiors. The first refurbished car is numbered 1500. N. Semyonov NIZHNI NOVGOROD. The prototype Uraltransmash low-floor tram acquired from Yekaterinburg operates on routes 6 and 7 as 2016. After several derailments, the tracks were attended to during the summer. The city is now looking at tramway extensions rather than metro for the extra traffic expected during the 2018 FIFA World Cup. N. Semyonov

SINGAPORE MASS RAPID TRANSIT. When the city’s sixth metro line, the Eastern Region Line from Tanjong Rhu to Sungai Bedok, opens in 2023, it will be through- routed with the Thomson line (to open in 2019) to the northern suburbs, creating a 43km (26.7-mile) line. IRJ Bremen Bombardier Flexity 3141 was the opening tram on the extension of line 4 to Falkenberg on 1 August. W. Kaemena services have not run since An outline business case, The range of available ticket BEOGRAD. From 4 August a 15 July. transphoto.ru written by the Welsh Government options has been further 24-hour ticket, available at all Bus MOLOCHNOE. The lack of in 2012, estimated the cost expanded to include m-tickets by Plus outlets, was introduced at a Ukrainian visitors to the seaside of electrification at between using the Barclay Pingit system. price of RSD250 (EUR2.13). DS resort, and the retirement of the GBP309-463m (EUR387-463m), This facility is in addition to line’s creator and Director, Tatiana but both the UK and Welsh making payments using debit or SWITZERLAND Chistyakova, saw the tramway Governments say the other should credit cards at ticket machines or BASEL. Test running has started stand idle until August, when meet the whole of these costs. online. Additionally, bus and tram on the 2.8km (1.7-mile) extension Russian visitors started to arrive. Creation of a metro system passengers in the city have a new to Weil-am-Rhein in Germany. The fare is now RUB7 (EUR0.14), serving the area by 2030 was the way of paying for their journeys Route 8 will be extended over the but tickets issued still carried the original aim and this would have from 1 September, through a new new tracks from the 14 December Ukrainian currency designation been built up from a package pre-paid, transferable smartcard timetable change. UAH1.50 (EUR0.08). As is usual the of complementary measures, called Citysmart. The card which BLT marked its 40th anniversary tramway ceased operations for the including rail and express bus, can store up to 50 adult single by repainting tram 259 in the winter in September. N. Semyonov from a package likely to cost over journeys is used by tapping against blue and white livery of the YENAKIEVE. The last day of GBP1bn (EUR1.26bn). the validators at tram stops. former Birsigtalbahn (BTB), and tramway operation before the Now the suggestion of Free Wi-Fi access has been 105 in the yellow livery of the city was engulfed in conflict was converting many of the ‘Valley extended to the whole fleet of former Birseckbahn (BEB). EA 30 July. transphoto.ru Lines’ into tramways has again 27 trams. BERN. Bernmobil has invited been floated as a cheaper means GLASGOW. Completion of tenders for 40 new trams, 20 to UNITED ARAB EMIRATES of achieving full electrification of the first phase of the GBP5.3m replace the Vevey cars and the DUBAI. His Highness Sheikh the network. It has been suggested (EUR6.6m) renovation of St. ex-RBS 2000 series, and 20 for the Mohammad Bin Rashid Al that such an approach could Enoch Subway station was new Köniz Ostermundigen line. Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai, visited improve journey times by 25% achieved in July. The station serves A. Moglestue the completed 10.6km (6.6-mile) at 60% of the cost of full railway almost two million residents stage 1 tramway on 11 August electrification. CBI Wales has and visitors per year and now TURKEY and launched the full testing and supported this approach. has a brand new station office ESKISEHIR. The north-west training phase. Passenger service The Welsh Government has combined with a travel centre. tramway extension from SSK to is expected to commence on indicated it will release a report The renovation is also to include Çamlica and Batikent was opened 11 November. Gulf News on the metro shortly. new glass canopies inspired by on 7 August. Batikent is served by EDINBURGH. The city council Glasgow’s Kibble Palace and lifts. the purple line running to SSK UNITED KINGDOM is currently paying a GBP5.8m LLANDUDNO. The Great Orme and Çamlica by the light blue line CAMBRIDGE. Passenger (EUR7.3m) annual interest charge Tramway has received a Certificate running to SSK.On 17 August the numbers on the guided busway on borrowing for the GBP776m of Excellence from the TripAdvisor new line from ESOGÜ to Çankaya fell 14% following the imposition (EUR971m) network before website. This is awarded to the was opened. urbanrail.net of parking charges at the five park- making any payment on the top 10% of worldwide attractions and-ride sites that feed it. A GBP1 actual loans. This is a reduction that receive outstanding customer UKRAINE (EUR1.25) daily charge has been from the original estimate of reviews. The tramway will close for DONETSK. The tram service introduced by Cambridgeshire GBP7.7m (EUR9.7m), which the winter period after the school was still operating in late August, County Council to try to recoup has been brought about by holiday at the end of October. despite fighting around the city. some of the GBP1m annual more favourable interest rates LONDON (TRAMLINK). Plans transphoto.ru running costs. currently prevailing. If the line to extend Tramlink to provide HORLIVKA. As a result of combat CARDIFF. Business leaders are is used by the predicted 4.5m a service from Wimbledon to operations around the city, all urging ministers to resolve the passengers a year, income has been Sutton via Morden took another electric public transport ceased dispute over who should pay for predicted as GBP7.9m (EUR10m) step forward with the launch on 27 July. Until then six trams electrification of rail lines in South over the year. The council still of a consultation by Sutton and had been in service. transphoto.ru Wales and to ensure that a metro- expects the line to operate at a loss Merton councils in August. LUHANSK. Due to the unstable type transport system is brought for 15 years when maintenance The preferred route would leave situation in the city and war- into operation. Cardiff would be and refurbishment costs are taken the Wimbledon branch at Morden damaged infrastructure, tram the principal hub. into account. Road and operate mainly on-street

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Liberty tram is due for delivery in December. The second will arrive in February. Passenger service will start by the end of March 2015. The opening of the extension of the McKinney Avenue tramway to Olive St is scheduled for December. E. B. Havens HONOLULU, HI. The least expensive of bids to build one of nine stations on the automated light metro, was for USD294.5m – 60% above estimate. The city’s construction market is undergoing a boom at present. E. B. Havens KANSAS CITY, MO. A 5 August referendum to set up a special tax district to provide funding for future expansion of the starter tramway (now under construction) was defeated by a 60% ‘no’ vote. E. B. Havens MEMPHIS, TN. Five ex- Melbourne W2 trams are undergoing heavy overhaul with the expectation that heritage tramway service on the Main Street line can resume before Christmas. J. Hayward MINNEAPOLIS – ST PAUL, MN. The first passenger services with Midland Metro's new CAF Urbos trams took place on 5 September. From left: Antonio The FTA has approved planning Campos, Western Area Director for CAF, Sir Albert Bore, Leader of Birmingham City Council, Councillor Darren Cooper, for an extension of the light rail Leader of Sandwell Council, Geoff Inskip, Centro Chief Executive and Councillor John McNicholas, Chairman of Centro.Centro Blue line from its current terminus via Morden Hall Road, St. Helier every six minutes – the original to start in 2015, following a in Minneapolis, 20.8km (13 miles) Avenue and Rosehill to Sutton intention when the line opened consultation process that was due north to Bottineau (97th Ave). Town Centre, where it would but hitherto never achieved due to be completed by 21 September. All the local authorities have terminate in a loop serving the to tram availability. Twelve of the now given their approval to station; alternative routings were expected fleet of 20Urbos vehicles USA the proposed 24km (14.9-mile) also part of the consultation. had arrived by August with further ATLANTA, GA. The first test USD1.6bn Green line extension The Wimbledon line is the new trams being delivered every runs on the new city centre to Eden Prairie. Passenger service busiest of the Tramlink branches three to four weeks. tramway were made on 16 August. should start in 2019. E. B. Havens and carries more passengers than Preliminary ground works have When the tramway opens later this NEW ORLEANS, LA. Full 24- its theoretical design capacity. begun on the second extension year there will be three months of hour service on the St Charles This is being alleviated to some from New Street station to free rides. E. B. Havens tramline was resumed on extent by the provision of an Centenary Square while more AUSTIN, TX. On 7 August the 10 August for the first time after extra four than GBP90m (EUR113m) has city council voted to place a bond three years of reconstruction trams and completion of a been earmarked towards two measure on the November ballot work. The 21.2km (13.2-mile) GBP30m (EUR37.8m) upgrade further routes along Broad Street to raise USD600m for urban line includes the world’s oldest being funded by Transport to Edgbaston, just west of Five rail, and to apply to the FTA for operating tramway, dating back for London. This covers a new Ways, and to the planned high match funding. E. B. Havens to September 1835. Electric trams platform at Wimbledon station speed rail station in the city’s BALTIMORE, MD. The city have run since 1893. E. B. Havens and elimination of some single- Eastside district. Consideration and county have agreed to put NEW YORK, NY. The MTA track sections, including through is now being given to taking up an additional USD280m into is allocating USD1.5bn in its doubling the 790m-long section the remaining five trams from the planned 22.6km (14-mile) 2015-19 capital programme between Mitcham Junction flyover the original CAF option for use on east-west Red light rail line, now for further work on the Second and the Beddington Lane stop. these new extensions. The business estimated to cost USD2.9bn. Avenue subway. E 96th St to E 63rd Single-track sections will case for the E. B. Havens St should be completed in 2016, remain over Network Rail lines Interchange project, which BETHESDA – NEW and E 96th St to E 125th St at Mitcham Junction and Wandle includes a Metro extension to the CARROLLTON, MD. A formal in 2019. E. B. Havens Park, plus the short Morden Road city’s bus and rail stations, was also request for proposals for the Purple NORFOLK, VA. T h e to Phipps Bridge section, which submitted in August. light rail line was issued on 29 neighbouring city of Chesapeake crosses over the River Wandle. As part of the package which July. Bids for a 35-year PPP DBOM has asked Hampton Roads Transit SOUTH YORKSHIRE. agreed GBP90m (EUR113m) of contract can be submitted up until to help fund a study of the Scratchcard day, weekly and tram extensions, a further sum the end of the year. E. B. Havens feasibility of a light rail branch to monthly Travelmaster tickets are to develop a diesel-electric hybrid CHICAGO, IL. A federal grant of Greenbrier. E. B. Havens being phased out and replaced ‘Sprint’ bus route using tram-like USD35m has been announced for PHILADELPHIA, PA (SEPTA). with a smart card version. vehicles has been allocated for the modernisation of the Red and From 1 September the long- WEST MIDLANDS. The first four a Birmingham – Quinton route; Purple metro lines, including track standing practice of paying on of the GBP40m (EUR50m) fleet of an extension from Five Ways and signalling upgrades between exit on outbound journeys from CAF Urbos trams began running (Edgbaston) of the tram and Lawrence and Bryn Mawr and a the 69th St Terminal was to be in passenger service from 5 devised as an interim measure grade separated junction north of replaced by a ‘pay as you enter’ September, a couple of weeks for a possible tram extension to Belmont. It is planned to extend system. E. B. Havens later than the original suggestion Quinton or beyond. the Red line south to 130th St. RGI PHOENIX, AZ. The first track of the August Bank Holiday. The Sprint has already been DALLAS, TX. Tracklaying for the has been laid for the USD300m, In due course it is hoped to dubbed ‘Metro’s Little Sister’ new Oak Cliff tramway is largely 5.1km (3.17-mile), north-west increase the headway to a tram by Centro. Highway works are complete and the first Brookville extension of the light rail line

440 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org from Christown Mall to Dunlop contract has not yet been signed. station in Mountain View in early made to convert part of the former Avenue. Completion is planned On-site work to eliminate the 2015, to permit a second track to tram and trolleybus depot at Clare for early 2016. The existing line, only remaining section of two- be installed on the bridge across Road into a new cultural centre for opened in 2008, has already way single track, on the NS Line the Central Expressway. the Welsh capital. The future of the reached its 2020 patronage goal section along 4th Avenue and The Mountain View double- Grade II listed building has been in of 48 000/day. Montgomery Street, started on track project will cost USD63m some doubt following unrealised For more on the Valley Metro 11 August. However, motorbus and see a second track installed moves to convert it into an art expansion plans see TAUT 923. substitution, between 10th Ave/ between Mountain View and gallery as part of Cardiff’s failed E. B. Havens Market St and South Waterfront, Whitman. C. Lietwiler attempt to become a European PORTLAND, OR. The first of 18 was limited to the period 15-21 SANTA ANA. The city council City of Culture. Type 5 LRVs for MAX (521) was September. The new northbound has decided on 4th St and the CRICH (UK). Blackpool & expected to arrive from Siemens track is scheduled to open for former Pacific Electric right- Fleetwood ‘Box’ 40, which had in September. The first trial with a service on 29 September. of-way as its preferred route been used in Blackpool for the towed LRV over the new Tikikum S. J. Morgan for a 6.6km (4.1-mile) tramline Fleetwood ‘Tram Sunday’ event, Bridge took place on 25 August. ROCK HILL, SC. The city council linking the Metrolink station has returned to Crich and been Service was increased on the is expected to decide in January and Garden Grove (Westminster prepared for use at the Tramway Portland Streetcar CL Line from whether to work up plans for a Ave). The project has now been Village for the first time since 1965. 1 June, reducing the headway 2.4km (1.5-mile) central area taken over by the Orange County The tram was expected to join the from 17 minutes to 14 minutes tramline linking the university Transportation Authority. operational fleet in time for the in the weekday daytime period. and downtown. E. B. Havens E. B. Havens September ‘Electric 50’ event. This was a major improvement as SALT LAKE CITY, UT. The Sugar SEATTLE, WA. Patronage on Liverpool 869 entered the the new headway matches that of House Streetcar line is carrying public transit increased by 8% workshop in mid-August for the NS line during that period, and around 940 passengers/day, but in the first quarter of 2014, with overhaul. It is expected that this this has facilitated the provision is attracting development with light rail leading the way with a will be completed in time for the of a regular seven-minute interval 1000 residential units planned 15% increase. E. B. Havens tram to join the operational fleet service along the section shared by and USD400m of commercial TUCSON, AZ. Average daily in 2015. the two lines, on 10th and 11th development. E. B. Havens patronage on the new tramline is Berlin tram 223 006-4, which Avenues in the city centre. SAN ANTONIO, TX. The VIA approaching 4000, compared with is being restored to its 1970s Previously the mismatched Metro board has announced the pre-opening projections of 3600. condition, has now received new headways had prevented any even indefinite deferral of its modern E. B. Havens route number stencils, indicator spacing of trams on that section, tramway project after the city blinds and internal signage. and cars were often bunched, council withdrew its funding, MUSEUM NEWS LAKE OSWEGO, OR (US). The with two coming almost together and the county commissioner BLACKPOOL (UK). Ownership Willamette Shore Trolley resumed and then none for 12-13 minutes. withdrew his support. Earlier the of the historic trams, other than from 16 August using TriMet The maximum schedule city clerk had ruled that there were those purely on loan from other GOMACO replica 514 powered requirement for regular service insufficient valid signatures on a organisations, was transferred by a generator trailer. Weekend was increased to 12, six on each petition that would put a charter in August to the new Blackpool service runs as far as the Riverdale line. The weekend service is amendment on the November Heritage Trust. This has been set trestle 13.00-16.00 until the end unchanged, with Saturday having ballot requiring a public vote up to safeguard the future of the of September. Portland Tribune a 17-minute headway on both before any tramway project could fleet and to continue operation of WIRRAL (UK). Services on lines with five cars on each, and go forward. E. B. Havens as many as possible with Blackpool the Wirral Heritage Tramway Sunday a 20-minute headway on SAN DIEGO, CA. Light rail Transport Services. The Trust recommenced on 16 August, both lines with four cars on each. patronage increased by a third expects to obtain charitable status. although work to rectify the Unique car 015 had yet to return in FY2013, reaching 39.7m. Funding would be used for the electrical fault that caused their to service as of mid-August. The Greenline saw a 42% jump in continuing preservation of its fleet suspension had not been fully The planned purchase of an passenger numbers. E. B. Havens and for the eventual creation of an completed, requiring trams to be additional tram from United SAN JOSE, CA. The VTA board interactive visitor attraction. towed from and to the depot at Streetcar (026) will happen, but a has voted to close Evelyn light rail CARDIFF (UK). A bid has been start and end of service.

CONTRIBUTORS Worldwide items should be sent to Worldwide Editor Michael Taplin at Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK – Fax: +44 (0)1983 862810 or e-mail: [email protected]. UK and Ireland items are welcomed by the Home News Editor, John Symons, 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail [email protected] Contributors this month include Mike Ballinger, Richard Buckley, Roger Ellis and Mike Haddon. Acknowledgements are also due to BS Blickpunkt Strassenbahn, DS Drehscheibe,EA Eisenbahn Amateur, EB Eisenbahn, Edinburgh Evening News, IRJ International Rail Journal, Manchester Evening News, Nottingham Evening Post, OR Op De Rails, RGI Railway Gazette International, T-2000 Tram 2000, urbanrail.net and Wolverhampton The first powered test run of the Siemens S70 tram for Atlanta. Atlanta Streetcar Express & Star.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2014 / 441 Letters

MAILBOX Get your views into print Letters should be clearly typed and preferably not handwritten. [email protected] +44 (0)1733 367615 We reserve the right to shorten contributions for publication.

Rethinking Metrolink expansion – Where to next?

The promised early opening of the Manchester Metrolink The other completed Phase 3 line, to Ashton via Droylsden, Airport line (TAUT 920) is very good news. It also looks as has similarities to the . This does well catering for though the first phase of the Second City Crossing (SCC), events at the Etihad Arena but further out towards Droylsden from Victoria to Exchange Square will open early. These and Ashton it is failing to meet patronage forecasts. Like Eccles encouraging developments surely show the value of keeping it has a parallel and efficient bus service as a competitor. skilled teams of engineers together on rolling programmes of The new airport line looks as though it will be another works. After the disappointments of Edinburgh can we at last regeneration-led under-performer. Its success will be highly see light rail moving back on to the front foot in the UK? dependent on persuading the residents of Wythenshawe to The Airport and SCC are the last of the Metrolink Phase 3 use Metrolink to get to jobs at the airport or to travel into extensions and if Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM) Manchester. Competing bus services, already serving these is to capitalise on the efficiency gains then it needs to be markets, will not surrender their passengers without a fight. planning a programme of further extensions – and also the Also mentioned in TAUT 920 is the proposed Trafford Park wherewithal to finance them. But where next? line. This will start from Pomona on the Eccles line and Regeneration of areas such as Wythenshawe, Droylsden run through a series of places already easily accessed by car and Ashton has been a key driver for the Phase 3 investment. or bus. It will do well on Manchester United match days at Whilst this is a perfectly valid reason for investing in Old Trafford but patronage at other stops is uncertain. At transport infrastructure, it is the prosperity of the regional GBP350m (EUR437m) it looks very poor value for money. centre, Manchester, that creates a prosperous conurbation. Instead of planning a line to the car-orientated Trafford It is surely now time to shift the emphasis and look at Centre, Transport for Greater Manchester should return to maximising the potential of Metrolink to move thousands of the original concepts of Phase 1 and recognise that Greater knowledge-based professionals into that regional centre. Manchester needs to improve transport into the regional Phase 1, in 1992, was designed to do exactly that. Two heavy centre for its commuting, knowledge-based professionals. In rail commuter lines, from Altrincham and Bury, were converted particular, TfGM should look to take Metrolink to the two to tram operation and linked with street running across the segments of the conurbation without trams, the north-west city centre. Patronage on the (Bolton) and the south-east two lines combined is now “Metrolink is fast becoming the sort (Stockport). Both have well- approximately 1.5m journeys/ used but highly congested month and continues to grow. of rapid transit network a world-class heavy rail local services which, Phase 2 (1999) had the twin even after the Northern Hub aims of regeneration in Eccles city like Manchester deserves... now it enhancements, will not be and opening up the new able to deliver anything better Salford Quays developments. must reach out to new suburbs.” than two trains per hour into Unfortunately the route Manchester. Metrolink, and is tortuous, with many sharp curves that make for slow particularly tram-train, offers the hope of enhanced capacity journey times and its promotion was seen by many as part and higher journey frequencies. of a political trade-off within Greater Manchester. Despite In the south east, Manchester – Marple, through either the addition of the Media City spur in 2010 it has failed to tram-train or straight tram, must be a priority. At GBP240m meet patronage forecasts and is now slowly declining from its (EUR300m) it would be considerably cheaper than Trafford peak of 350 000 journeys/month. A parallel, unregulated bus Park and, like the South Manchester and /Rochdale service does not help. lines, would generate immediate growth in patronage from The Phase 3 extensions, from 2011 onwards, were justified a commuter corridor that already carries over 2m journeys/ on both commuter and regeneration grounds. The South annum. If the Glossop – Hadfield line were added then Manchester line (to Chorlton and East Didsbury) is largely patronage would start at the present 4.3m. a commuter line, with much additional leisure travel, and East Didsbury to Stockport, originally part of Phase 3, is counted a success. Patronage is already over 300 000 would provide links into the Stockport inter-city railhead journeys/month and continuing to grow, following part and to the town centre. The Hazel Grove line was electrified opening in 2011 and full opening in May 2013. some 30 years ago to create an all-electric ‘metro’ service of Conversion of the Oldham loop from heavy rail is also three trains per hour. It is now reduced to two increasingly commuter led, with the additional aims of opening up unreliable electric trains per hour. It is surely a candidate Oldham and Rochdale town centres to trams and giving for tram-train conversion, as is the mid-Cheshire line from improved access to two new business parks. It is another Altrincham to Knutsford and Northwich. clear success with patronage at 300 000 journeys/month and In the north-west segment the Atherton line stands out as a growing. In a little over a year it is already carrying more than clear choice for tram-train conversion – and there are others. twice as many passengers as the heavy rail service it replaced. Metrolink is fast becoming the sort of rapid transit network Oldham/Rochdale is not yet running at the targeted six- that a world-class city such as Manchester has long deserved. minute headway, awaiting the rebuilding of Victoria station, Stand in the city centre and a tram passes every few minutes including the tram stop, and the first phase of the Second from early morning to late at night, seven days a week, and all City Crossing (SCC) from Victoria to Exchange Square. of them well filled. The next phase should shift the balance SCC, together with the rebuilding of St Peter’s Square and towards getting even more people into the regional centre in Deansgate-Castlefield tram stops, is crucial to increasing the most efficient fashion. Metrolink must reach out to new capacity across the city centre, allowing higher frequencies suburbs and aim to serve much more of Greater Manchester. on all routes and facilitating further network expansion. Craig Wright, Stockport (UK)

442 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org Fair competition for Edinburgh Alan Robinson makes some important points in his letter (TAUT 920) about the Obituary: Geoffrey Hilditch OBE (1926-2014) connectivity of the new Edinburgh tram at The death occurred on 20 June of Geoffrey them back.” Hilditch did not get the job, the airport and at Ingliston park-and-ride. I Graham Hilditch, a life-long tram and bus but had the satisfaction of living to witness agree that it is a great disadvantage if these enthusiast who did much to help revive the return of trams to Rochdale. stops are not more conveniently located for the bus manufacturing industry in Britain. In 1959, he became the youngest General the destinations they serve. He was aged 88, having been born in Manager in the country, at Great Yarmouth. But he then spoils this case with his Disley, Cheshire, on 27 February 1926. He returned to Halifax in 1963 as General remarks about bus competition. He says it It is said that as a young boy, on Manager and went on to Leicester to be is “a total travesty that a public transport an errand for his father to the local manager there in 1975. On retirement in infrastructure investment should be beset newsagent, that he was transfixed by the 1984, he became adviser to then-Transport with any competition whatsoever,” and sight of a passing tramcar. Observing Secretary, Nicholas Ridley, in drawing “the airport bus should have been this, the newsagent gave him a copy of up plans for the deregulation of the bus withdrawn.” Why? People will use the tram a transport magazine and thereafter he industry. He was also a great supporter if it takes them where they want to go quickly became a devoted reader of many forms of of the indigenous bus manufacturing and at a reasonable price. If the airport bus transport literature. industry and received the OBE for his provides a faster, cheaper or more convenient He won a scholarship to Hulme pioneering work in designing buses to journey, then why shouldn’t passengers have Grammar School and was later apprenticed meet the requirements of the disabled. that option? at the LNER’s Gorton Works. But he soon He contributed several transport Let’s be clear on this. Bus operators are not turned to municipal transport, taking up histories, beginning with The Tramways stupid, ignorant, or bloody-minded. They do posts at Oldham, Coventry, Manchester of Oldham in 1951, appearing in Tramway not compete with a tramway (or each other) and Leeds, before becoming Assistant Review. Other publications included for the hell of it. They make commercial Manager at Halifax in 1955. Looking at Buses (1979); A Further Look at decisions and they stand or fall by them. If While at Leeds he worked on the Buses (1981); Steel Wheels and Rubber Tyres an airport bus can provide a fast, frequent conversion of Sunderland tramcar 85 into service to where people want to go (Waverley (in two volumes 2003-04) and Halifax station, for example), then why not use Leeds 600. Later, when applying for the Passenger Transport 1897-1963 (covering the it? Why should passengers be forced to do post of Rochdale Manager, he incautiously tramway and trolleybus periods, 2006). something they don’t choose? mentioned this to the interview panel. The His wife and daughter predeceased him, Mr Robinson mentions Newcastle. Under Chairman, aghast, spluttered: “Trams? We but he is survived by son Christopher, who the former integrated system, passengers got rid of those years ago and don’t want is also engaged in the bus industry. GBC had to change to the Metro at Gateshead (a particularly inconvenient interchange as Gateshead station is very deep). It is no don’t go on to realise even part of their full continues to serve Ingliston park-and-ride, surprise that, given the choice, they prefer potential. but it fulfills the different objective of to stay on the bus for a few more stops into A last point on deregulation. Like it or not, serving other outlying parts of the city and Newcastle – although they still have the bus deregulation has been with us for nearly does not compete with the tram for city option of the Metro if they so wish. 30 years through governments of all political centre traffic. He also mentions London. Each of the colours, none of which have shown much Furthermore, within the city fare zone London airports has at least two rail services, interest in reversing the policy. Deregulation (which takes in Ingliston park-and-ride fast and expensive or slower and cheaper, and has good and bad points, but it is not likely to but not the airport) day tickets issued by Heathrow also has the Piccadilly line which change in the near future. (the non-statutory serves many more destinations. There are David Walmsley, Wokingham, Berks umbrella body of both and also bus links – for example, National Express ) are valid on both buses runs coaches from Stansted direct to Victoria, An integrated future is coming… and trams. This provides a large measure of Liverpool Street and Stratford. There is real While I fully support Alan Robinson’s call integration in a city where there are relatively passenger choice for you. (TAUT 920) for a campaign to reform the few other operators. Tramways have huge advantages over other current legislative framework which makes The airport terminal building is forms of public transport – they are fast, effective integration of public transport undergoing a massive expansion in the frequent, comfortable, attractive, and can so difficult to achieve in the UK outside of direction of the tram stop, and when this carry large numbers of people. People will London, the situation in Edinburgh is not is completed in the very near future I use tramways if they are well-designed, quite so bad as he suggests. understand that there will be covered access serve busy corridors and take them where Concurrently with the inauguration of the between the tram stop and the terminal they want to go. But if tramways are tram service, Lothian Buses withdrew the building. The Airlink Express bus (service poorly-connected or follow the back route direct bus route between Ingliston park-and- 100) has already been moved further away of least resistance, as British tramways are ride and the city centre (service 12, which is from the terminal as part of the new works. inclined to do, it is hardly surprising if they now curtailed at Gyle Centre). Bus service 35 Andrew Boyd, by email

The full list of the year’s meetings and meeting places MEETINGS & EVENTS can also be found at www.lrta.org

OCTOBER 2014 (Southwick) 19.40. John Zebedee: tramways. (TLRS) Tuesday 21. London 19.00. My Time in Poland. (TLRS) Saturday 18. Taunton 14.00. Carl Isgar: The Ruhr in the 1970s. Saturday 4. Birmingham 14.00 Friday 10. Glasgow 19.30. Martin Mark Blackstone: The Liberty Bell Saturday 25. Garstang 14.00. Alan Kirkman: Heritage operations Jenkins: More from Online Transport Interurban line (TLRS) Brian Yates: and in Blackpool, present and future. Archive with a Scottish flavour (STTS) Monday 20. Liverpool 19.30. Martin trackless trams. (TLRS) (joint LRTA/TLRS/ERS) Monday 13. Richmond 19.30. Martin Jenkins: Merseyside. (TLRS) Thursday 30. Manchester Tuesday 7. Southampton 19.30. Jenkins: British trams in colour (Pt Monday 20. Wickham 19.30. 19.00. Ian Dougill: Trams of Siberia. Martin Petch recalls Southampton’s 1). (TLRS) Terry McElarney and Paul Kirkup: Friday 31. Edinburgh 19.30. trams. (LRTA/SEG) Thursday 16. Dartford 19.30. John The rise and fall of the tramcar Paul Geissler: Australian historic Wednesday 8. Brighton Pigott: German, Austrian and Swiss (first generation). (TLRS) tramways.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2014 / 443 Classic Trams LISBOA’S MUSEUM MAKEOVER PART The public transport museum in Lisboa (Lisbon) has 1 recently had a comprehensive makeover. In the first instalment of a two-part article, Mike Russell begins an overview of the present display. 1

ew European tramway systems now numbered 1, resplendent in the red and oldest car is number 444, one of the initial have more justification for creating cream livery in which it was repainted in batch of 75 (400-474) ordered from the a comprehensive transport 1970 as one of the first two dedicated tourist St. Louis Car Company of America in 1899 museum than Lisboa (Lisbon). trams in the city. Nowadays, its more modern and delivered to Portugal from July 1901 Given the wide range of rolling counterparts perform their increasingly- onwards. The truck is a Brill 21E model and Fstock – some of it of considerably aged – in popular tourist duties on the main system the bodywork with full-drop windows has service until relatively recently, and that the and numbers 1 and 2 normally stay within seats for 24 and a nominal standing capacity headquarters of Companhia Carris de Ferro the confines of Santo Amaro. of 14, often exceeded in practice. Cars of this de Lisboa at Santo Amaro occupies a huge site type were rebuilt with windscreens and some with ample space for display, there is actually Exquisitely restored cars were still in service until the early 1970s. no reason for not doing so. The area devoted to the second stage of the The first bogie cars arrived in 1902; The Portuguese have every reason to be museum is an impressive 1980m2; tramcar mounted on 22E maximum traction bogies, proud of their tramway heritage, so it was exhibits are segregated into two categories. these Brill products had cross-bench unthinkable that the capital should not open In the main hall, fully rail-connected bodywork for 60 seated passengers and were its own transport museum to match (if that to the main depot tracks and thereby to intended for operation on the coastal and be possible) the groundbreaking exhibition of the surviving system, are to be found no suburban routes. Originally unvestibuled, rolling stock displayed, most of it in operable fewer than nine exquisitely restored cars all were later fitted with windscreens. condition, at Porto’s Massarelos depot. that on occasions can still be called upon The majority were withdrawn in the early The updated Lisboa museum features all to perform special journeys on the living 1950s. Car 283 survived as an instruction forms of transport in the city, but the trams Lisboa tramway. The company advertises vehicle until 1961, and later in a children’s receive by far the lion’s share of display space. the availability of these cars for hire on playground until 1981, from where it was special occasions and they also appear recovered and rebuilt in the CCFL workshops. Long association on anniversaries in connection with the Two examples of later two-axle cars are on CCFL, or ‘Carris’, has a long association tramway system. display. Car 508 was the first electric tram with Lisboa, and one of the purposes of the Their range is incredible, with a replica built in Santo Amaro works, in 1924, and museum displays is to raise public awareness horse car and various types of two-axle and exemplifies the contemporary type of Lisboa both of its heritage and of the extent of its bogie tramcars, as well as a couple of works two-axle tramcar, with full semi-convertible involvement in the life and development of cars. All are restored to authentic period bodywork, clerestory roof and a Brill 21E the city over more than 140 years. condition, and have bi-lingual (Portuguese swing-link truck. Visitors enter the museum through the and English) display boards briefly Car 535 featured an enclosed body of main entrance of the Santo Amaro premises, explaining their history and specifications. the semi-convertible type ideal for Lisboa’s reached by trams operating on coastal line 15. The content is broadly correct, but serious Mediterranean climate. This body was It is also a short walk from tram route 18 enthusiasts should treat some of the dates built in 1928 in the Carris workshops and (Ajuda), one of the last regular tram routes and statements with caution. mounted on a Maley & Taunton four-wheel anywhere that is still the exclusive preserve The cross-bench mule car is a replica of swing-link truck. This tramcar was still in of four-wheelers and still in operation after a replica. The first example was produced service until 1991 and has been restored to being periodically threatened with closure by Carris employees in 1951 in connection 1928 condition, with domed roof bodywork for more than 40 years. with a film made to mark 50 years of electric and vertically sliding windows. After paying the modest entrance fee, the operation, and the present vehicle is a much In 1906, Carris took delivery of 40 visitor enters the first of three halls. This newer replacement. It represents one design American-built bogie cars of totally enclosed includes seven rooms of displays of smaller of the so-called Americano cars, built by design but again featuring semi-convertible artefacts, documents and scale models, John Stephenson of New York, with which bodywork, in which the side windows rise covering the animal-drawn and electric tramway operation was inaugurated on the up into the roof coving in order to provide tramway eras, funiculars, motor buses and standard gauge in November 1873. These cars ventilation on hot days. Car 330 is one of the Metro. One of many exhibits is a display were hauled by two animals and had seating the first 20 built by the J G Brill company of early season tickets and passes which used for 24 passengers. of Philadelphia and mounted on type 22E a photograph to identify the user; however, Mule-car operation ceased with the advent maximum traction bogies. these images were not attached to the passes of electric traction in 1901. To frustrate This and the second series of 20 supplied themselves but retained in an album held competition from non-rail-borne vehicles, by John Stephenson & Company of New centrally by the company! a gradual process of gauge conversion to York in 1907 were all initially fitted with There is enough here to fascinate visitors 900mm began in 1898 and so pre-dated bodywork featuring a clerestory roof – lost for a good hour, and on reaching the end of electrification; the first electrified line when the majority of the fleet was rebuilt this display, the door opens to a section of opened on 31 August 1901. The new electric with new home-built domed-roof bodies the internal depot trackage, upon which a fleet featured both two-axle cars for the hilly in 1959-61; although the interior remained vintage tramcar draws up. This takes visitors routes and bogie cars for use on the long, flat unaltered, in some cases the extent of the to a pair of halls to the rear of the site in coastal section. rebuilding amounted almost to re-bodying. which the historic tramcars are kept. Because of the longevity of many Lisboa However, a few, such as 330, retained On the day I visited in May 2014, the tram tramcars, many of them several times rebuilt, the original bodywork and the vehicle is performing the honours within the depot we are fortunate to have representatives of currently displayed here restored to 1906 tracks was St Louis-built car 437 of 1901, the earliest years of electric traction. The condition.

444 / OCTOBER 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org 1 One of the prized exhibits in the collection, fully serviceable, is this 1902 clerestory-bodied cross-bench bogie car, 283, on Brill 22E maximum traction bogies. It is restored to original unvestibuled form but now fitted with the more practicable arrangement of double trolley- poles mounted centrally – the initial configuration was end-mounted.

2 Six-window clerestory- bodied four-wheeler 508 is one of the first Carris products of the inter-war years.

3 It is unsuitable for museum visitors to meander around the vast Santo Amaro depot site, so St Louis-built cars 437 and 435, now renumbered 1 and 2 and repainted in the red and cream tourist car livery, convey them on internal journeys. Car 1 stands near the main display hall.

4 Bogie car 802 of 1939 has been restored as faithfully as possible to the original Art 2 Deco design in which it and its four sisters appeared from Santo Amaro works when built in 1939. These domed-roof cars had attractive rounded ends from the outset and ride on Maley & Taunton bogies.

5 St. Louis-built car 444 delivered in 1901 has been faithfully restored to original unvestibuled layout and fitted with a replica Providence life-guard. Cars 435 and 437 of the same series, converted for tourist service in 1970, provide internal transport between the 3 4 various halls at Santo Amaro for museum visitors.

6 An overall bird’s-eye view of the main hall in the museum, housing the operable cars. Nearest the camera is clerestory-bodied four- wheeler 508.

7 Car 741 was one of the first series of post-war boxy four-wheel tram bodies built in Santo Amaro works in 1947, retaining the traditional attributes of double-ended 5 6 layout and full internal bulkheads. These features were changed on the subsequent lightweight cars of similar design.

8 Brill bogie car 330 was one of only five to survive until the end of their operating career with their original clerestory- roof bodywork. The enormous Providence life-guards were standard equipment on the cars supplied from America and remained in use until around 1950. These are replicas. 7 8 All photography by Mike Russell.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org OCTOBER 2014 / 445 BOOKSHOP Order online from www.lrta.info/shop – or by post from: LRTA Publications, 31 Ashton Road, Wokingham RG41 1HL Postage & packing – Any UK address: Add 10% (minimum £2.00, maximum £7.50) All addresses outside UK: Add 20% (minimum £4.00, maximum £15.00)

Starr Gate to the Tower The since 1960 – Volume One

This superb book shows how the Blackpool tramway developed from a precarious survivor in 1960 into the age of the supertram, with some of the most modern vehicles in the world. Volume One covers the line from its southern terminus at Starr Gate as far as the Tower. A4+ hardback; 176 pages, 400 pictures almost all in colour. Published by Rails (Capital Transport). Price: £28.00

Gleisplan & Liniennetz der Berliner Straßenbahn 1951

Two large sheets, folded to A4 size, show the track layout of the Berlin tram network in 1951 and the services provided by BVG (West) and BVG (Ost) during the early post-war period when routes connecting the two parts of the city continued to operate through the various sector boundaries. At this time the combined city’s network was at its maximum extent, prior to the run-down and eventual closure of all the remaining tramlines in West Berlin. German text. A4 (folded) in full colour with illustrated cover. Published by GVE-Verlag. Price: £8.50

Der Stadtbahnwagen Typ B 40 Jahre Dauereinsatz an Rhein und Ruhr Stadtverkehr-Bildarchiv – Band 4

This colourful book tells the story of Düwag’s development of the Stadtbahn B light rail car, designed to meet the needs of the proposed fast tram networks in the Rhein-Ruhr and Rhein-Sieg regions. These classic vehicles have now been a feature of the Bochum, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Köln-Bonn and Mülheim areas for more than 40 years. The exported cars in Turkey are also covered. German text. B5 hardback, landscape format; 96 pages, 100+ pictures in colour. Published by EK-Verlag. Price: £17.50

UK & Ireland Tram and Light Rail Systems Third Edition

This handy pocket guide to Britain’s nine networks and Dublin’s LUAS covers the history of each system, the services provided and the rolling stock operated. A useful comparative table is included to show the opening dates, route lengths, numbers of vehicles and stops, car dimensions, builders and capacities for all ten undertakings. A6 softback; 64 pages, 75 pictures all in colour, eight maps. Venture Publications. Price: £6.00 IN YOUR NEXT ISSUE OF

TUCSON JOINS THE MOSCOW SYSTEMS FACTFILE: STREETCAR CLUB DEVELOPMENTS SAINT ETIENNE The July opening of its streetcar system The concluding instalment in Famed as the French tramway system saw the Arizona city become the first Tramways & Urban Transit’s major with the longest history of unbroken in the USA to exclusively use modern survey of the Russian capital’s tramway service, Saint Etienne has many other streetcars built in the country, building – part of one of the world’s greatest and distinguishing features, as on Portland’s innovation in the area. most complex transit systems. Neil Pulling discovers. PLUS... NOVEMBER + The successful delivery of Heilbronn’s latest tram-train project ISSUE + Detailed coverage of InnoTrans – the globe’s largest rail trade fair + The latest news, rolling stock orders and movements, system on sale developments, transport policy and leading industry comment 24 October

THE INTERNATIONAL LIGHT RAIL MAGAZINE News

Stockholm opens Tvårbanan DART reaches the airport extension Light rail extended to Dallas/Fort Worth International in USD150m scheme www.lrta.org The 800m line 22 Tvårbanan www.tramnews.net light rail extension from Solna Centrum to Solna station opened SUBSCRIBE NOW! on 18 August. The first CAFA36

tram, 551, arrived at Bromma OCTOBER 2014 N O. 922 depot on 16 August. There, and in the new nearby Ulvsunda depot, the tram will be tested before being transferred to the new Lidingö depot in Aga towards the end of the year. CAN UK TRIALS PUT LRT The A36 is a longer version (four modules) of the CAF A35 tram (three modules), now in use on line 22. The city council has ON THE RIGHT TRACK? appointed WSP to design a new metro line linking Odenplan and Arenastaden. The remaining six trams are expected to be delivered to Aga before the end of this year.

Helsinki car-free Now in its 77th year, Tramways & Urban Transit is the plan by 2025 DART 216 carrying a special livery for the new airport link on opening day, 18 August. Vic Simons The Finnish capital’s planning department has published the onday 18 August There was a ribbon-cutting bringing billions in investment, report Mobility as a Service (MaaS) saw the opening and inaugural ride for invited more jobs, and a better quality of that looks at transport behaviour of the USD150m guests on Friday 15 August life to North Texas.” patterns and how information DART Orange before regular service started on lineM extension to the world’s Voters agreed to a 1% sales tax and options are accessed. 18 August. third-busiest airport (by aircraft to form and fund DART in 1983. An integrated portal accessed The 8km (five-mile) extension movements), Dallas/Fort Worth Light rail service started in 1996 through a smartphone linked has a 17-minute running time International. The DART station and the system has now reached to a credit card would allow the to Irving Convention Center, is in Terminal A (outside Gate 144km (90 miles). Since DART reservation, payment and use the previous terminus. A ride to A10) and was built as part of started running, the city centre of services, including public the city centre takes 50 minutes the airport’s terminal renewal residential population has grown world’s leading monthly publication dedicated solely transport, car-sharing, taxis, and costs USD2.50. Mayor Mike programme while DART focused significantly; the airport link ride-sharing and bike hire. Rawlings said it is undoubtedly on the rail line extension. is important in helping sustain Several pilot projects are planned DART’s biggest accomplishment This approach, according that growth. in co-operation with employers, in its 31-year history. to DART President/Executive The airport serves 60.4m enabling employees to buy Acting Federal Transit Director Gary Thomas, allowed passengers/year with 678 000 transportation services. Administrator Therese McMillan the station to open four months aircraft movements. Its top The plan is that by 2025 car use commented: “Connecting DFW ahead of schedule. “We could not international destination is will be drastically reduced and Airport by light rail makes Dallas a have achieved this rail opening London with 738 684 passengers/ everyone will have alternative more competitive, more attractive early and under budget without year using the link. There are also networks available to them and destination for business and the incredible partnership with 60 000 airport workers travelling access to the personal mobility app. travellers. It’s part of a sustained DFW Airport,” Thomas said. to and fro each day. Service is partnership over decades that’s provided from 03.50 to 01.12. to light and urban rail developments. Nanjing’s Hexi tramline begins trial operation

The first Nanjing tram runs without The Chinese city of Nanjing overhead current collection. Leiem CSR Nanjing Puzhen has began tramway passenger supplied eight 100% low-floor trials on 2 August in readiness Flexity 2 trams built under for the second Summer Youth licence from Bombardier, and Olympic Games, which ran ‘Big data’ o ers big opportunities for transit analysis featuring the Primove system from 16-28 August. with lithium-ion batteries Nanjing (population 8.1 DART reaches Dallas/Forth Worth to permit catenary-free million) has had a metro since operation over 90% of the line. 2005 but decided to build a The 32m five-section trams Perth approves light rail airport link 7.8km (4.8-mile) tramline to recharge their batteries using carry visitors to the games. pantographs at the termini. Known as the Hexi line, the first Toronto restarts subway debate A second tramway, the Qilin ISSN 1460-8324 trial run was made on 1 August.

£4.10 line, is under construction The line feeds metro line 2 at the 10 reaching 9.4km (5.8 miles) Olympic Stadium East station, from Wang Wuzhuang. Seven Tallinn south-west of the city centre. Moscow more trams will be delivered. Renewal for Estonia’s 9 771460 832036 412 / october 2014 The complex history www.tramnews.net. www.lrta.org of a great network only tramway We deliver comprehensive news and analysis, 412-416_TAUT1410_News.indd 1

08/09/2014 20:17 08/09/2014 20:28 409_TAUT1410 Cover.indd 1 incisive technology features and key interviews with leading industry figures from across the globe each and every month. Either in print or online, don’t miss out – subscribe today!

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-AP Alstom-Pub Citadis-184x271-UK.indd 1 18/08/2014 14:27