DOCSLIB.ORG

Quantifying Massive Outbreaks of the Defoliator Moth Ormiscodes Amphimone in Deciduous Nothofagus‐Dominated Southern Forests Using Remote Sensing Time Series Analysis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Quantifying Massive Outbreaks of the Defoliator Moth Ormiscodes Amphimone in Deciduous Nothofagus‐Dominated Southern Forests Using Remote Sensing Time Series Analysis Received: 23 October 2018 | Revised: 19 March 2019 | Accepted: 27 March 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jen.12643 ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Quantifying massive outbreaks of the defoliator moth Ormiscodes amphimone in deciduous Nothofagus‐dominated southern forests using remote sensing time series analysis Sergio A. Estay1,2 | Roberto O. Chávez3 | Ronald Rocco3 | Alvaro G. Gutiérrez4 1Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Abstract Valdivia, Chile Forest insect outbreaks are one of the major biotic disturbances on natural and arti‐ 2 Center of Applied Ecology and ficial landscapes. Although abundant literature of insect outbreaks exists in the Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Northern Hemisphere, studies for the Southern Hemisphere are rare. Recently, mas‐ 3Lab. Geo‐Información y Percepción sive outbreaks of the native moth Ormiscodes amphimone (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Remota, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Instituto de Geografía, Hemileucinae) have been reported in the southern cone of South America. These Valparaíso, Chile O. amphimone outbreaks have defoliated large areas of temperate forests, raising 4 Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y great concern among local inhabitants, but yet the spatio‐temporal patterns of these Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile events have not been evaluated. Here, we quantify the extension of the massive O. amphimone outbreaks occurred in the Aysén region (southern Chile) in the period Correspondence Sergio A. Estay, Universidad Austral de 2000–2015 using a novel remote sensing approach and field data. Remote sensing Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y detections were strongly in agreement with field observations and showed that mas‐ Evolutivas, Valdivia, Chile. Email: [email protected] sive outbreaks of O. amphimone are among the largest biotic disturbances in the for‐ ests of the Southern Hemisphere. Considering only field‐confirmed outbreaks, the Funding information Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico defoliated area reached 164,000 hectares in total between 2000 and 2015. The es‐ y Tecnológico, Grant/Award Number: timation of the spatial impact of O. amphimone, and its recurrence, represents the 1160370; CONICYT PAI N, Grant/Award Number: 82140001; Fondecyt Iniciación, first step for the search of management alternatives of this massive disturbance. Grant/Award Number: 11171046 and 11150835; CAPES‐Conicy, Grant/Award KEYWORDS Number: FB‐0002; FIA PYT, Grant/Award defoliation, enhanced vegetation index, ormiscodes, remote sensing, southern beech forests Number: 2016‐0203 1 | INTRODUCTION of insect outbreaks as biotic perturbations on forests from New Zealand, Australia and the southern cone of South America (Hosking Despite most insects have little detectable impact on forests, some & Hutcheson, 1988; Loch & Floyd, 2001; Milligan, 1974; Paritsis & species may have detrimental effects on trees in terms of growth Veblen, 2011; Piper, Gundale, & Fajardo, 2015). rates, biomass productivity, carbon budget, age structure and spe‐ Recent scientific studies (Piper & Fajardo, 2014; Piper et al., cies composition and, in extreme cases, cause hosts' death (see 2015), technical reports from the Chilean Agricultural and Livestock Yang, 2012, for a review). Studies showing the impact of insect out‐ Service (SAG), the national plant protection organization of Chile breaks on natural forests are abundant in the Northern Hemisphere and local media have highlighted the occurrence of major insect out‐ (Haynes, Allstadt, & Klimetzek, 2014; Weed, Ayres, & Hicke, 2013). breaks of the native moth Ormiscodes amphimone causing complete In contrast, documented massive outbreaks are scarce in the natural defoliation of Nothofagus‐dominated temperate forests in South forests of the Southern Hemisphere. However, the few studies avail‐ America (46°S, Figure 1). The impressive blooming of O. amphimone able for this part of the world have highlighted the ecological impact caterpillars and concomitant forest defoliation have been observed J Appl Entomol. 2019;143:787–796. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jen © 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH | 787 788 | ESTAY et AL. across thousands of hectares of forests, raising a great concern Despite this semi‐quantitative field evaluation of the defoliation among local inhabitants, tourist operators, local and national author‐ level, at the best of our knowledge, no studies have quantitatively ities. At eastern Patagonia, Paritsis, Veblen, Smith, and Holz (2011) evaluated the spatio‐temporal patterns of O. amphimone events in described a similar phenomenon, but apparently of a smaller spatial Chile. The large size of the broadleaf Nothofagus forests (Figure 1) scale. However, despite their apparent magnitude, the ecological and the inaccessibility of the affected areas are the main constraints mechanisms behind these events, their dynamics and the conse‐ for assessing the extension and impact of O. amphimone defoliations. quences of the outbreaks for the western Patagonia forests are still Unfortunately, the lack of an accurate localization and quantification unknown. of these outbreaks prevents the implementation of any management Ormiscodes amphimone (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a native phy‐ strategy. tophagous moth (Figure 2). The larvae can reach 100 mm in length As an alternative to overcome these difficulties, over the past and 12 mm in width. Male adults range between 45 and 80 mm of two decades there has been a significant development of remote wingspan. On the other hand, female adults are slightly larger with sensing methods to assess insect‐related disturbances and their 58–95 mm wingspan (Angulo, Lemaire, & Olivares, 2004). Larvae feed consequences in forest ecosystems (e.g., Abdel‐Rahman, Mutanga, on several host plants such as Nothofagus spp., Populus spp., Prunus Adam, & Ismail, 2014; Eklundh, Johansson, & Solberg, 2009; spp., Juglands spp., Cryptocarya alba and Pinus spp., among many other Franklin, Fan, & Guo, 2008; Spruce et al., 2011). The ability to detect tree species (Angulo et al., 2004). However, major outbreaks are defoliation from satellite imagery depends on the type and degree of mainly described to start in Nothofagus pumilio forests in Chile and foliage damage, which may range from discoloration to total crown Argentina, but when the outbreak expands, larvae are able to defoli‐ defoliation and tree death (Eklundh et al., 2009). Also, it depends on ate almost any species present in the site. The species overwinters in the spatial extent of the outbreak in relation to the pixel size of the the egg stage. Larvae can be found feeding gregariously on host trees image. If the spots of defoliation are smaller or closer in size to the from August to January, and moth adults fly from January to June pixel size, then detection is not possible. Damage assessments are depending on location (Baldini & Alvarado, 2008; Paritsis & Veblen, commonly based on arithmetic combinations of reflectance bands 2011). In Chile, the species is distributed between 30° and 47°S that isolate the distinctive reflectance linked to a given leaf compo‐ (Angulo et al., 2004). Together with the negative effects on tourism nent (e.g., chlorophyll, leaf area index, water). The values obtained and outdoor activities due to its irritating hairs, O. amphimone is con‐ this way are the well‐known vegetation indices (Kerr & Ostrovsky, sidered detrimental for tree growth and timber production (Bauerle, 2003; Peña & Altmann, 2009). This technological approach to out‐ Rutherford, & Lanfranco, 1997), can kill saplings (Angulo et al., 2004; break quantification, although specially valuable for inaccessible re‐ Cogollor, Baldini, & Pancel, 2002) and potentially cause crown dieback gions like ours, requires a rigorous validation from field data. on Nothofagus spp. if defoliation is severe (Veblen, Hill, & Read, 1996). As a contribution to the evaluation of the impact of this insect on It is still not clear whether the outbreaks of O. amphimone follow southern forests and its management, in this study we evaluate the a cyclical or acyclical temporal pattern, and therefore, the disrup‐ spatial impact of massive O. amphimone disruptions in Nothofagus tion reported here cannot be considered yet as abnormal from its forests in South America in the time period 2000–2015 using historical natural behaviour. The few available reports seem to be novel remote sensing tools, followed by validation using field data. contradictory: Artigas (1972, 1994) reported some level of temporal Specifically, we used satellite imagery to (a) detect and geolocalize cyclicity, with outbreaks occurring every 4 years approximately at insect outbreaks from years 2000 to 2015 (b) estimate the level of ~30°S in Chile. On the other hand, a recent study of O. amphimone correspondence between the satellite‐derived and field data and (c) outbreaks on N. pumilio forests in the Argentinian Andes found no quantify the spatial extent of the outbreaks events. evidence of cyclic patterns (Paritsis & Veblen, 2011; Paritsis, Veblen, & Kitzberger, 2009). What seems to be a consensus for park rangers 2 | MATERIALS AND METHODS and local farmers is that outbreak events occur more frequently in the last two decades. 2.1 | Study area Despite multiple parasitoids have been described attacking Ormiscodes larvae and eggs, there is almost no information about Ormiscodes amphimone outbreaks have mainly been observed in the the population dynamics
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Predicting Forest Insect Disturbance Under Climate Change
    PREDICTING FOREST INSECT DISTURBANCE UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE Allan L. Carroll University of British Columbia Department of Forest Sciences 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z4 Tel: 1-604-822-3360 Fax: 1-604-822-9102 Email: [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT This paper comprises a review of literature regarding climate change impacts to forest insect disturbances. Its primary objectives were three-fold. First, commonalities were sought among systems regarding the effects associated with altered temperature and/or precipitation patterns on forest insect herbivores, the proximate and ultimate form of the response by the insects, and the outcome in terms of forest disturbance. Second, a general framework within which to assess future disturbances to temperate and boreal forests by insect herbivores was constructed. Finally, uncertainty regarding predictions of the extent/severity of forest insect disturbances under climate change into the future was discussed. 2 INTRODUCTION There is now ample evidence that recent climatic changes have affected a broad range of organisms in a manner consistent with expectations from a warming environment (reviewed by Walther et al. 2002, Parmesan and Yohe 2003, Root et al. 2003, Hickling et al. 2006, Post et al. 2009, Robinet and Roques 2010, Wolken et al. 2011). In fact, evidence has accumulated indicating direct effects of anthropogenic climate change on every continent, in every ocean and in most major taxonomic groups (Parmesan 2006). Among the major taxonomic groups in which impacts of global warming have been most frequently documented are the insects. Terrestrial insects are sensitive indicators of changes to the condition of abiotic and biotic systems (McGeoch 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Temperature and Foliage Quality Affect Performance of The
    Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ISSN: 0716-078X [email protected] Sociedad de Biología de Chile Chile PARITSIS, JUAN; VEBLEN, THOMAS T. Temperature and foliage quality affect performance of the outbreak defoliator Ormiscodes amphimone (F.) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 83, núm. 4, 2010, pp. 593-603 Sociedad de Biología de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369944296012 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative TEMPERATURE AND DIET EFFECTS ON A DEFOLIATOR 593 REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 83: 593-603, 2010 © Sociedad de Biología de Chile RESEARCH ARTICLE Temperature and foliage quality affect performance of the outbreak defoliator Ormiscodes amphimone (F.) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina La temperatura y la calidad del follaje afectan el desempeño del defoliador epidémico Ormiscodes amphimone (F.) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) en el noroeste de la Patagonia argentina JUAN PARITSIS1,* & THOMAS T. VEBLEN1 1 Biogeography Lab, Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, Campus Box 260, CO 80309-0260, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT In the temperate forests of Chile and Argentina the phytophagous moth Ormiscodes amphimone (F.) causes severe defoliation on the southern beech tree Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser. The recent increase in defoliation frequency in some areas appears to be influenced by a warmer climate. To evaluate the effects of temperature and the spatial heterogeneity of foliage quality on the performance and relative consumption rate of O.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Egg Size and Shape Evolve with Ecology but Not Developmental Rate Samuel H
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1302-4 Insect egg size and shape evolve with ecology but not developmental rate Samuel H. Church1,4*, Seth Donoughe1,3,4, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1 & Cassandra G. Extavour1,2* Over the course of evolution, organism size has diversified markedly. Changes in size are thought to have occurred because of developmental, morphological and/or ecological pressures. To perform phylogenetic tests of the potential effects of these pressures, here we generated a dataset of more than ten thousand descriptions of insect eggs, and combined these with genetic and life-history datasets. We show that, across eight orders of magnitude of variation in egg volume, the relationship between size and shape itself evolves, such that previously predicted global patterns of scaling do not adequately explain the diversity in egg shapes. We show that egg size is not correlated with developmental rate and that, for many insects, egg size is not correlated with adult body size. Instead, we find that the evolution of parasitoidism and aquatic oviposition help to explain the diversification in the size and shape of insect eggs. Our study suggests that where eggs are laid, rather than universal allometric constants, underlies the evolution of insect egg size and shape. Size is a fundamental factor in many biological processes. The size of an 526 families and every currently described extant hexapod order24 organism may affect interactions both with other organisms and with (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). We combined this dataset with the environment1,2, it scales with features of morphology and physi- backbone hexapod phylogenies25,26 that we enriched to include taxa ology3, and larger animals often have higher fitness4.
    [Show full text]
  • New Host-Plant Records for the Defoliator Ormiscodes Amphimone (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
    1048 November - December 2010 SCIENTIFIC NOTE New Host-Plant Records for the Defoliator Ormiscodes amphimone (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) JUAN PARITSIS1, MARIO ELGUETA2, CAROLINA QUINTERO3, THOMAS T VEBLEN1 1Dept of Geography, Univ of Colorado, Campus Box 260, 80309-0260 Boulder, CO, USA; [email protected] 2Sección Entomología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Casilla 787, Santiago (21), Chile; [email protected] 3Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ of Colorado, Campus Box 334, 80309-0260 Boulder, CO, USA; [email protected] Edited by Takumasa Kondo – CORPOICA Neotropical Entomology 39(6):1048-1050 (2010) ABSTRACT - Ormiscodes amphimone (Fabricius) is a phytophagous moth species known to severely defoliate woody species in Chile and Argentina. Here we document new records of O. amphimone- host associations emphasizing the role of Nothofagus pumilio as its primary host in our study area. This new record for Argentina is highly signifi cant given the economic importance of N. pumilio as a timber resource and the potential of O. amphimone to generate extensive outbreaks. KEY WORDS: Defoliation, Hemileucinae, herbivory, insect outbreak, Nothofagus pumilio, Patagonia Ormiscodes species in Chile and Argentina are large National Park (Veblen et al 1996, García & Ormazabal phytophagous moths (up to 95 mm wingspan) that feed on a 2008). Due to the quality of its wood and the great extent wide variety of plant hosts (Angulo et al 2004). Due to their of the resource, N. pumilio is the most important native gregarious behavior during the larval stage and their potential species for timber production in southern Chile and Argentina to reach outbreak levels frequently, Ormiscodes amphimone (Martínez Pastur et al 2000, Peri et al 2002, Gea-Izquierdo (Fabricius), O.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns in Forest Insect Herbivory - 2 15:30 - 17:30 Tuesday, 1St October, 2019 Venue R19 - PG Congress Theme D
    D7o: Patterns in forest insect herbivory - 2 15:30 - 17:30 Tuesday, 1st October, 2019 Venue R19 - PG Congress Theme D. Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Biological Invasions Presentation Types Oral Chair Mikhail Dr At the global scale, the larger part of plant biomass losses are due to insects – ‘the little things that run the World’. We plan to summarize the current knowledge regarding the levels and patterns of insect herbivory (both spatial and temporal), discuss the biases in this knowledge, address climate change impacts on plant losses to insects, explore the links between plant diversity and insect herbivory, and discuss the effects of insect herbivory on individual plants, plant communities and ecosystem-level processes. 15:30 - 15:44 D7o Main factors influencing insect attacks of debarked-medicinal Plants in Lama Forest Reserve and Lokoli swampy forest Yvonne T. CAKPO1,2, Judith KORB2, Brice SINSIN1, Chabi Djagoun3 1Laboratory of Applied Ecology/University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin), Abomey-Calavi, Benin. 2Faculty of Biology I/ University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 3Laboratory of Applied Ecology/University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin), Cotonou, Benin Abstract The spatio-temporal variability of tree attacks by foraging xylophagous insects has been studied on most debarked-medicinal tree species in Lama Forest Reserve and in Lokoli swampy forest in Benin. For achieving that, different factors such as habitat type (crop fields, degraded forest and non-degraded forest), season (dry and rainy season), debarking level (T0: control, T1: 10*20cm² and T2: 20*50cm²), and tree species (A. leiocarpa, D. guineense, D. mespiliformis, F. trichopoda, K. africana, L. barteri, L. acida and S.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Caused by Natural Enemies in Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina Revista Chilena De Historia Natural, Vol
    Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ISSN: 0716-078X [email protected] Sociedad de Biología de Chile Chile PARITSIS, JUAN; QUINTERO, CAROLINA; KITZBERGER, THOMAS; VEBLEN, THOMAS T. Mortality of the outbreak defoliator Ormiscodes amphimone (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) caused by natural enemies in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 85, núm. 1, 2012, pp. 113-122 Sociedad de Biología de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369944300009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative NATURAL ENEMIES OF ORMISCODES AMPHIMONE 113 REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 85: 113-122, 2012 © Sociedad de Biología de Chile RESEARCH ARTICLE Mortality of the outbreak defoliator Ormiscodes amphimone (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) caused by natural enemies in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina Mortalidad del defoliador epidémico Ormiscodes amphimone (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) causada por enemigos naturales en el noroeste de la Patagonia Argentina JUAN PARITSIS1, 3,*, CAROLINA QUINTERO2, THOMAS KITZBERGER3 & THOMAS T. VEBLEN1 1 Biogeography Lab, Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Campus Box 260, Boulder, CO, 80309-0260, USA 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO, 80309-0260, USA 3 Laboratorio Ecotono, CONICET–INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Outbreaks of the defoliator moth Ormiscodes amphimone are occurring more frequently in numerous Nothofagus forests of Patagonia. However, little is known about the life history of this species including its natural enemies as mortality agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Patterns of Insect Herbivory in Gap and Understorey Environments, and Their Implications for Woody Plant Carbon Storage
    Oikos 000: 000–000, 2017 doi: 10.1111/oik.04686 Subject Editor: Lonnie Aarssen. Editor-in-Chief: Dries Bonte. Accepted 1 December 2017 doi: 10.1111/oik.04686 00 1–14 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE OIKOSprovided by Research Commons@Waikato Meta analaysis Global patterns of insect herbivory in gap and understorey environments, and their implications for woody plant carbon storage Frida I. Piper, Scott H. Altmann and Christopher H. Lusk F. I. Piper (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-073X)([email protected]), Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Moraleda 16, Coyhaique, Chile. – S. H. Altmann, Independent Research Ecologist, Binghamton, NY, USA. – C. H. Lusk, Environmental Research Inst., The Univ. of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Oikos Insect herbivory is thought to favour carbon allocation to storage in juveniles of 00: 1–14, 2018 shade-tolerant trees. This argument assumes that insect herbivory in the understorey doi: 10.1111/oik.04686 is sufficiently intense as to select for storage; however, understoreys might be less attractive to insect herbivores than canopy gaps, because of low resource availability Subject Editor: Lonnie Aarssen and – at temperate latitudes – low temperatures. Although empirical studies show Editor-in-Chief: Dries Bonte that shade-tolerant species in tropical forests do allocate more photosynthate to stor- Accepted 1 December 2017 age than their light-demanding associates, the same pattern has not been consistently observed in temperate forests. Does this reflect a latitudinal trend in the relative activ- ity of insect herbivory in gap versus understorey environments? To date there has been no global review of the effect of light environment on insect herbivory in forests.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Program
    Abstracts http://www.isce2012.lt 2 Contents Meeting Overview ......................................................................................................... 4 Program ........................................................................................................................ 6 Abstracts..................................................................................................................... 18 Silver Medal Lecture ................................................................................................... 19 Silverstein-Simeone Medal Lecture ............................................................................ 21 Plenary talks ............................................................................................................... 23 Oral Presentations ...................................................................................................... 29 Symposium 1: Plant – Animal – Animal Interactions .................................................. 30 Symposium 2: Chemical Ecology Meets Evolutionary and Molecular Biology ............ 47 Symposium 3. Biosynthesis and Chemistry of Natural Products ................................ 82 Symposium 4. Chemical Ecology of Microorganisms ................................................. 99 Symposium 5. Chemical Ecology of Vertebrates ...................................................... 110 Symposium 7. Climate Change, Invasive/Alien Species and Chemical Ecology ...... 117 Symposium 8. Applied Chemical Ecology ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Egg Database Bibliography
    Egg Database Bibliography Samuel H. Church1;∗;y, Seth Donoughe1;2;∗, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1, Cassandra G. Extavour1;3;y Note: This document is a list of the 1,756 published sources that were used to generate the assembled dataset of insect egg traits. ‘Diss.’ indicates a PhD dissertation, whereas ‘MA thesis’ indicates a Master’s thesis. References Abbassy, M. M., N. Helmy, M. Osman, S. E. Cope, and S. M. Presley. “Embryogenesis of the sand fly Phlebotomus pa- patasi (Diptera: Psychodidae): cell cleavage, blastoderm formation, and gastrulation”. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 88.6 (1995): 809–814. Abdel-Razak, S. I., S. M. Beshr, A. K. Mourad, and K. S. Moursi. “Ultrastructure of egg shell of four different Coccoidea species in Egypt”. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences 73.3 (2007): 521– 527. Abdurahiman, U. C. and K. J. Joseph. “Observations on the biology and behaviour of Ceratosolen marchali Mayr (Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera)”. Entomon 1.2 (1976): 115–122. Abraham, Y. J., D. Moore, and G. Godwin. “Rearing and aspects of biology of Cephalonomia stephanoderis and Prorops nasuta (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) parasitoids of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)”. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80.2 (1990): 121–128. Adamski, D., J. R. Makinson, B. T. Brown, S. A. Wright, P. D. Prattand, and J. W. Brown. “Description and evaluation of Metharmostis multilineata (Cosmopterigidae) and Idiophantis soreuta (Gelechiidae) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) For biocontrol of downy rose myrtle, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae)”. The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 67.2 (2013): 111–127. Adidharma, D. and Y. D. Ciptadi.
    [Show full text]
  • 09 Paritsis.Indd
    NATURAL ENEMIES OF ORMISCODES AMPHIMONE 113 REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 85: 113-122, 2012 © Sociedad de Biología de Chile RESEARCH ARTICLE Mortality of the outbreak defoliator Ormiscodes amphimone (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) caused by natural enemies in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina Mortalidad del defoliador epidémico Ormiscodes amphimone (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) causada por enemigos naturales en el noroeste de la Patagonia Argentina JUAN PARITSIS1, 3,*, CAROLINA QUINTERO2, THOMAS KITZBERGER3 & THOMAS T. VEBLEN1 1 Biogeography Lab, Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Campus Box 260, Boulder, CO, 80309-0260, USA 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO, 80309-0260, USA 3 Laboratorio Ecotono, CONICET–INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Outbreaks of the defoliator moth Ormiscodes amphimone are occurring more frequently in numerous Nothofagus forests of Patagonia. However, little is known about the life history of this species including its natural enemies as mortality agents. In this work we quantifi ed mortality by parasitoids and generalist predators at the egg, larval and pupal life stages of O. amphimone in a Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser forest in northwestern Patagonia. Parasitism of eggs was relatively low (ca. 11 %), and we did not record signifi cant larval predation by insectivorous birds. However, we recorded elevated mortality caused by larval parasitoids (ca. 50 % in third instar larvae) and pupal predators (ca. 75 %), which suggests that these natural enemies could play a signifi cant role in regulating O. amphimone populations. Our research is an initial step towards understanding the infl uence of natural enemies on O.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS CHILE February 2007 Updated March 2008 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/12E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Chile. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). Overview of forest pests - Chile TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests...................................................................................................................... 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Distribution and Importance of Arthropods Associated with Agriculture and Forestry in Chile
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics The Distribution and Importance of Arthropods Associated with Agriculture and Forestry in Chile Distribución e Importancia de los Artrópodos Asociados a la Agricultura y Silvicultura en Chile C. Klein Koch Instituto del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile D.F. Waterhouse CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia in collaboration with/con la colaboración de S.A. Cofré, M.A. Lobos, P.E. López, M.A. Vial and M.A. Zanetti Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Klein Koch, C., and Waterhouse, D.F. 2000. The distribution and importance of arthropods associated with agriculture and forestry in Chile (Distribución e importancia de los artrópodos asociados a la agricultura y silvicultura en Chile). ACIAR Monograph No. 68, 234 pp.
    [Show full text]