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“Globula Group” from Brazil (Araneae, Scytodidae)

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©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at andrias, 15: 91-98, 4 Abb.; Karlsruhe, 15.12.2001 91 C r is t in a A. R h e im s & A n t o n io D. B r e s c o v it New species and records of Scytodes L a t r e il l e , 1804 of the “globula group” from Brazil (Araneae, Scytodidae) Abstract The species are separated mainly by morphological Four new species of scytodid spiders from Brazil are descri­ characteristics of the male palp and female epigynum. bed: Scytodes becki sp.n. from Niquelándia and S c y to d e s These characteristics enable a preliminary recognition e le o n o ra e sp.n. from Sao Domingos, both in the state of of at least one distinct group within the Neotropical Goiás; Scytodes skuki sp.n. from Aripuaná, Mato Grosso and species, herein named “globula group” This group Scytodes strussmannae sp.n. from Xapuri, Acre. Together with the synanthropic species S. g lo b u la Nicolet and the Bra­ includes the synanthropic species Scytodes globula zilian species S. ita p e v i Brescovit & R heims these four new Nicolet , S. itapevi Brescovit & R heims and the four species form a distinct group within the Neotropical S cytodes, new species described here. The diagnostic charac­ herein named “g lo b u la group” New records for S. g lo b u la and ters for the group include a male palp with a large S. ita p e v i are also reported. curved sclerotized process (SP in figs 1b, 2c, 3d; Brescovit & R heims 2000: figs 27, 31,37), initially mis­ Resumo taken for the embolus in Brescovit & R heims (2000). Novas espécies e novos registros de S c y to d e s Latreille The female epigynes are highly variable but generally do “grupo g lo b u la "do Brasil (Araneae, Scytodidae) Neste trabalho sao descritas quatro novas espécies de S c y to ­ present large rounded foveas and two pairs of seminal d e s do Brasil: Scytodes becki sp.n. de Niquelándia e S c y to ­ receptacles, one being globular (figs 2 f-h; 3 b,c; des eleonorae sp. n. de Sao Domingos, ambos em Goiás; Brescovit & R heims 2000: figs 33,34, 38,39). Scytodes strussmannae sp.n. de Xapuri, Acre e S c y to d e s s k u k i sp. n. de Aripuaná, Mato Grosso. Junto com a espécie sinantrópica S. g lo b u la Nicolet e a espécie brasileira S. ita p e ­ 2. Material and methods vi Brescovit & R heims , as quatro espécies novas formam urn grupo distinto dentro dos S c y to d e s Neotropicais, chamado The material examined belongs to the following institutions: “grupo g lo b u la” Sao incluidos novos registros para S cy to d e s IBSP, Instituto Butantan, Sâo Paulo (A.D. Brescovit ); MCTP, g lo b u la e Scytodes itapevi. Museu de Ciência e Tecnologia, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (A.A. Lise ); Authors MZSP, Museu de Zoología, Universidade de Sâo Paulo, Sâo Cristina A. Rheims & D r. Antonio D. Brescovit , Laboratorio Paulo (E. Cancello ); SMNK, Staatliches Museum fiir de Artrópodes, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, Naturkunde Karlsruhe (H. Hôfer ). Descriptions and termino­ Butantá, CEP 05503-900, Sao Paulo SP, Brazil; e-mail: logy follow Brescovit & R heims (2000). All measurements are [email protected] ; [email protected] in millimetres. The epigynes were submerged in lactic acid in order to study the internal structures. Micrographs were Key words obtained with a JEOL (JSM 840A) scanning electron micro­ Araneae, S cyto d e s, Neotropical, taxonomy scope at the University of Sâo Paulo (USP). 1. Introduction 3. Systematics The scytodids are a small spider family comprising Scytodes becki, new species only five genera: Dictis L.Koch, Scyloxes Dunin, Ste- Figure 1 docys Ono, Scytodes Latreille and Soeuria Saaristo . Of these, only Scytodes occurs in the Neotropical Holotype: male from Niquelándia, Goiás (14°01’ S; 48°18’ W), region. During the last three years, this genus has Brazil, Sept. 24 - Oct. 6, 1995, S ilvestre , Dietz & B randáo been the subject of several taxonomic studies, result­ col., deposited in MZSP 14306. ing in the description of 11 new Neotropical species (Brescovit & H ofer 1999; Brescovit & R heims 2000; Etymology Rheims & B rescovit 2000). Together with the four new The specific name is a patronym in honor of the soil species described in this paper we count to date a biologist and arachnologist Dr. Ludwig Beck , who total of 35 valid species (Roewer 1942; Bonnet 1958; helped supporting the second author’s arachnological Platnick 1989, 1993, 1997). work in Amazonia and Germany. ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at 92 andrias, 15 (2001) Figure 1. Scytodes becki, n. sp. a) male body, dorsal view; b) left palp, retrolateral view (SP = Sclerotized pro­ cess); c) prolateral view. Scale lines: 0.25 mm. Diagnosis 5.6/ 0.7/16.9/ III - 3.0/ 0.6/ 2.5/ 3.5/ 0.7/ 10.3/ IV - 5.0/ The male of Scytodes becki differs from all the species of 0.7/4.4/5.3/0.9/16.3. the globula group by the shorter sclerotized process and Palp: Palpal femur with short and narrow stridulatory small and pointed apical, dorsal membrane on the distal pick with rounded and slightly projecting socket. Bulb area of the palpal bulb and by a pair of strong, short and 0.8 long, slightly constricted medially (fig. 1 c). Distal curved distal spines on the cymbium (figs 1 b,c). area with large prolateral hyaline membrane, slightly curved upwards (figs 1 b,c). Description Female: Unknown. Male (MZSP 14306). The species described in this paper was probably collected soon after moulting and Distribution: Known only from the type locality. presents very light yellow coloration. Carapace with a pattern of thin brown stripes as in figure 1 a. Pedipalps Material examined with few scattered thin brown spots. Legs with a pair of Only the holotype. ventral longitudinal brown stripes on femur. Abdomen with light brown pattern of few anterior scattered spots Scytodes eleonorae, new species and posterior transversal stripes as in figure 1 a. Figures 2, 4 Total length 6.1. Carapace slightly flattened, 2.9 long, 2.2 wide. Eye diameters: PME 0.16, ALE 0.14, PLE Types: Male holotype and female paratype from Angélica Cave, Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca, Sao Domingos, 0.16. Lateral eyes on tubercle. Chelicerae with subapi- Goiás, Brazil, Sept. 6, 2000, C.A. Rheims col., deposited in cal hyaline keel and inconspicuous stridulatory ridges. IBSP 26037; male and female paratypes from same locality as Labium 0.26 long, 0.28 wide. Sternum 1.32 long, 1.04 holotype, Sept. 6, 2000, F.P. Franco col., deposited in IBSP wide. Abdomen 3.2 long, 2.5 wide. 26041 and male and female paratypes with same data as Leg measurements: I - femur 6 .8 / patella 0.7/ tibia 6.9/ holotype, deposited in MZSP. metatarsus 9.0/ tarsus 1.3/ total 24.7/ II - 5.0/ 0.7/ 4.9/ ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at Rheims & B rescovit : Scytodes (Araneae, Scytodidae) from Brazil 93 Etymology ridges very close together (fig. 2 e). Internal genitalia The specific name honors Dr. Eleonora T rajano , a with globular pair of seminal receptacles medianly speleologist from the University of Sao Paulo, who united (figs 2 f-h). organized the field course on cave communities in Variation: Four males: total length 4.9 - 6.3; carapace Goias, during which most specimens were collected. 2.3 - 2.9; femur I 16.0 - 17.38; bulb 0.66 - 0.82; eigh­ teen females: total length 5.1 - 8.0; carapace 2.5 -3.2; Diagnosis Femur I 5.6 - 8.2. Some specimens present darker and The male of Scytodes eleonorae resembles that of S. more elaborate colour patterns, as shown in figure 2 b. itapevi by the presence of two hyaline membranes at The sclerotized plates on the larger globular seminal the distal area of the palpal bulb, but differs by the receptacles and the shape of the smaller seminal long dorsal membrane and the absence of a prolateral receptacles vary considerably as shown in figures 2 g,h. curved prong (figs 2 c,d). The female resembles that of S. strussmannae by the large and globular seminal Natural history receptacles with lateral sclerotized plates, but differs This species was found inhabiting subterranean habi­ by the simple smaller seminal receptacles with sinu­ tats in Bahia and Goiás, Brazil. They were observed ous stalks (figs 2 f-h). feeding and carrying egg-sacs in cave interiors at dis­ tances of up to 800 meters from the cave entrance. Description Although very abundant deep inside the cave, few Male (IBSP 26037). Carapace yellow with dark brown specimens were collected close to the entrance. In pattern as shown in figure 2 a. Pedipalps yellow with most cases, they were collected from between pholcid anterior transversal bands close to the articulations. {Mesabolivar sp.) webs. Labium and endites yellow with thick brown margins. The specimens from Bahia were collected in Sternum yellow with brown spots in front of each coxa, “caatinga” areas, a habitat characterized by a very hot narrowing towards centre. Legs yellow with brown and dry climate and sparse vegetation (Ab’Saber 1977 transversal bands, except on tarsi.
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  • Arachnida, Araneae, Scytodidae)

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    On the Amazonian species of the genus Scytodes Latreille (Arachnida, Araneae, Scytodidae) Cristina A. Rheims 1, 2 & Antonio D. Brescovit 1 1 Laboratório de Artrópodes, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 101, 05508-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. ABSTRACT. Eight species of Scytodes Latreille, 1804 are newly described: Scytodes iara sp. nov. and S. caure sp. nov. from Amazonas; S. mapinguari sp. nov. from Amazonas and Roraima; S. curupira sp. nov. from Amazonas and Rondônia; S. saci sp. nov. from Roraima; and S. jurupari sp. nov.., S. tinkuan sp. nov. and S. caipora sp. nov. from Acre. In addition, the female of S. altamira Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 is described and new records are presented for S. auricula Rheims & Brescovit, 2000, S. fusca Walckenaer, 1837, S. longipes Lucas, 1844, S. martiusi Brescovit & Höfer, 1999, S. piroca Rheims & Brescovit, 2000, S. romitii Caporiacco, 1947 and S. vieirae Rheims & Brescovit, 2000. KEY WORDS. Neotropical, spitting spiders, taxonomy. RESUMO. Oito novas espécies de Scytodes Latreille, 1804 são descritas: Scytodes iara sp. nov. e S. caure sp. nov. do Amazonas; S. mapinguari sp. nov. do Amazonas e de Roraima; S. curupira sp. nov. do Amazonas e de Rondônia; S. saci sp. nov. de Roraima; e S. jurupari sp. nov.., S. tinkuan sp. nov. e S. caipora sp. nov. do Acre. A fêmea de S. altamira Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 é descrita e novos registros são apresentados para S.
  • Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49 (2008) 538–553

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49 (2008) 538–553

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49 (2008) 538–553 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogenetic relationships of Loxosceles and Sicarius spiders are consistent with Western Gondwanan vicariance Greta J. Binford a,*, Melissa S. Callahan a,1, Melissa R. Bodner a,2, Melody R. Rynerson a,3, Pablo Berea Núñez b, Christopher E. Ellison a,4, Rebecca P. Duncan a a Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road, Portland, OR 97219, USA b Octolab, Veracruz 91160, Mexico article info abstract Article history: The modern geographic distribution of the spider family Sicariidae is consistent with an evolutionary ori- Received 17 March 2008 gin on Western Gondwana. Both sicariid genera, Loxosceles and Sicarius are diverse in Africa and South/ Revised 1 August 2008 Central America. Loxosceles are also diverse in North America and the West Indies, and have species Accepted 2 August 2008 described from Mediterranean Europe and China. We tested vicariance hypotheses using molecular phy- Available online 9 August 2008 logenetics and molecular dating analyses of 28S, COI, 16S, and NADHI sequences. We recover reciprocal monophyly of African and South American Sicarius, paraphyletic Southern African Loxosceles and mono- Keywords: phyletic New World Loxosceles within which an Old World species group that includes L. rufescens is Biogeography derived. These patterns are consistent with a sicariid common ancestor on Western Gondwana. North Spider Loxosceles American Loxosceles are monophyletic, sister to Caribbean taxa, and resolved in a larger clade with South Sicarius American Loxosceles. With fossil data this pattern is consistent with colonization of North America via a Vicariance land bridge predating the modern Isthmus of Panama.