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Development of a New Hibiscus Cultivar 'Daewangchun'

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Development of a New Hibiscus Cultivar 'Daewangchun' ISSN 1226-8763 Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 33(3):453-458, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.7235/hort.2015.14170 Research Report Development of a New Hibiscus Cultivar ‘Daewangchun’ with Vigorous Growth and Unique Red Eye through Interspecific Hybridization Yoo-Mi Ha1, Ki-Byung Lim3*, and Kyung-Ku Shim2 1Department of Landscape Architecture, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Suwon 440-743, Korea 2Research Institute of Rose of Sharon and Tiger Lily, Chonan 331-802, Korea 3Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea Abstract: A new Hibiscus cultivar ‘Daewangchun’, having vigorous growth, uniform plant habit, upright, compact branches, and a long red eye was developed through interspecific crosses between H. syriacus ‘Samchully’ (♀) and H. sinosyriacus ‘Seobong’ (♂). The Hibiscus breeding program was initiated in 2005 and Hibiscus × ‘Daewangchun’ was preliminarily selected as ‘05-R-204’ in 2008 due to its vigorous growth and stable flower quality with rich pink flowers. The selected line was further evaluated for different growth characteristics, leaf shape, leaf size, and flowering characteristics, as well as tested for distinctness, homogeneity, and stability during 2010-2012. The new cultivar ‘Daewangchun’ had violet pink flowers (RHS N80C) with a long red eye spot, medium size and fan petals. The size of flower was 12.0 cm and size of the red eye was 3.0 cm. Leaves were 8.7 cm long and 4.7 cm wide. After plant characteristic evaluation for 3 years (2010-2012), 05-R-204 was registered as cultivar ‘Daewangchun’ (4731, No. of plant variety protection rights) in 2013. This newly developed cultivar ‘Daewangchun’ has tall vigorous growth and unique flowers with a long red eye and can be used as specimen plants in landscaping. Additional key words: compact branches, Hibiscus sinosyriacus, Hibiscus syriacus, red eye spot Introduction and subtropical zones, with some species extending into the temperate regions of the world like; Hibiscus syriacus In ornamentals, interspecific breeding is considered to L. (althea or rose of Sharon) and Hibiscus sinosyriacus Bailey be the most important source of genetic variation. The (Bates, 1965). The similarity in natural distribution pattern introgression of genes may be part of a breeding program of these species is an indication of a similar tolerance to towards disease resistance, better growth vigor, winter environmental factors (Bates, 1965). Hibiscus syriacus is hardiness or morphological alteration in general. Both sexual the most popular species and about 40 different cultivars, and asexual hybridization, by pollination and protoplast with varying flower color and shape, are commonly in fusion respectively, are fit to induce the desired introgression culture in Europe and a lot more genotypes are present into the acceptor species. However, the number of possible in different collections (Van De Laar, 1997). Furthermore, genetic barriers is very high (Eeckhaut et al., 2006). The large collections exist in Korea, where Hibiscus is the national creation of interspecific hybrids, along with chromosome flower (Yu and Yeam, 1987; Van de Laar, 1997). doubling technology, offers extended opportunities for orna- Interspecific and even intersubgeneric hybridizations are mental breeders (Van Tuyl and Kim, 2003), as demonstrated highly interesting to combine desired traits from genetically in many genera (Sujatha and Prabakaran, 2003, Kobayashi distinct genotypes (Van Tuyl and De Jeu, 1997; Van Huy- et al, 2004, Van Huylenbroeck et al., 2004). lenbroeck and Van Laere, 2008). In an attempt to introgress Geographically, Hibiscus is mainly distributedin tropical an increased growth vigor and improved flowering into *Corresponding author: [email protected] ※ Received 11 October 2014; Revised 26 January 2015; Accepted 29 January 2015. This research was supported by Bio-industry Technology Development Program, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea (No. IPET112129-5). Ⓒ 2015 Korean Society for Horticultural Science 454 Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 33(3), June 2015 H. syriacus two different breeding strategies were followed. which contained on average 5.3 seeds. Of the obtained A first approach focused on creating hexaploid H. syriacus seedlings 250 could be planted in the greenhouse. 230 plants. The second strategy emphasized on the interspecific F1 seedlings of H. syriacus ‘Samchully’ × H. sinosyriacus hybridization between H. syriacus and H. paramutabilis. ‘Seobong’ transplanted in the field and then flowered in When used as a seed parent, H. paramutabilis failed to 2007. The new Hibiscus hybrid ‘05-R-204’ was discovered set fruits (Van Laere et al., 2006). Also some interspecific and selected in August, 2008 as a vigorous plant with in breeding work involving more tropical species of Hibiscus the progeny of the stated cross-pollination in anoutdoor is published (Tachibana, 1958; Kuwada, 1964). Attempts nursery environment in the Research Institute of Rose of to create interspecific hybrids between H. syriacus and H. Sharon and Tiger Lily, Chonan, Korea. Asexual reproduction rosa-sinensis, especially to introduce new flower colors and of the new Hibiscus hybrid ‘05-R-204’ by hardwood grafting forms, were not successful so far (Yu, et al., 1976; Paek and softwood cuttings in a controlled greenhouse environment et al., 1989). since the spring of 2010 has shown that the unique features A Hibiscus breeding program was initiated in 2005 to of this new Hibiscus plant are stable and reproduced true develop new Hibiscus cultivars with tall vigorous growth, to type in successive generations of asexual reproduction upright, compact branches, and unique flower with long (Fig. 1). After the plant characteristics evaluation such as red eye through interspecific hybridization between H. growth characteristics, leaf shape, leaf size, flower charac- syriacus and H. sinosyriacus. teristics, and flowering for 3 years (2010-2012), it was named as ‘Daewangchun’ in 2013. Description and Performance Asexual propagation of the selected ‘05-R-204’ by grafting had shown that the unique and distinguishing features Origin of the plant are faithfully transmitted from generation to The breeding program which produced Hibiscus hybrid generation and appear to be fixed. The characteristics were ‘Daewangchun’ extended over a period of some 7 years. evaluated based on the manual for agricultural investigation The objective of the breeding program was to develop new and guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, Hibiscus cultivars with tall vigorous growth and upright uniformity and stability for Hibiscus (UPOV, 2005). branches interspecific hybridization between Hibiscus syriacus and H. sinosyriacus. The new Hibiscus plant developed after Description cross-pollination between H. syriacus ‘Samchully’ (Plant Plants of ‘Daewangchun’ had vigorous growth, and upright patent number 1481), as the female, seed parent and H. branches with abundant production of violet-purple (N80C) sinosyriacus ‘Seobong’ introduced from Belgium as the male, (Royal Horticultural Society Flower Council of Holland, or pollen parent. 2001) flowers of moderate size (11-13 cm) with red eye For the cross H. syriacus ‘Samchully’ × H. sinosyriacus spot. ‘Seobong’, in total 55 syriacus flowers were pollinated. The The ‘Daewangchun’ was a vigorous and tall sized plant crosses resulted in 47 fruits (85.5% successful pollinations) with upright branches. 4-year-old plant of ‘Daewangchun’ st th Procedure Crossing Seedling selection 1 -4 Selection and propagation Final selection Year 2005 2006 2008-2012 2012 H. syriacus ‘05-R-200’ ‘Samchully’ (♀) : : Hibiscus hybrid : ‘05-R-204’ H. sinosyriacus ‘Daewangchun’ ‘05-R-230’ ‘Seobong’ (♂) No. of lines 30 1 1 Fig. 1. Pedigree diagram of new F1 hybrid, ‘Daewangchun’. Yoo-Mi Ha, Ki-Byung Lim, and Kyung-Ku Shim 455 was 370 cm in height and 180 cm in crown width, and might differ slightly from the color values cited in the 1-year-old grafted plant was 115 cm in height and 30 cm detailed botanical description which accurately described in crown width. Plant height of new cultivar was taller the colors of the new Hibiscus × ‘Daewangchun’ (Fig. 2). than the parent plants and control (Table 1). ‘Daewangchun’ This cultivar was very fertile with abundant seed pods was more vigorous compared to H. syriacus ‘Daeil’. Fig. 2 produced from insect pollination. showed the overall appearance of the new Hibiscus, showing Leaves were alternate and oval shape. The leaf apex the colors as true as it was reasonably possible to obtain in was acute, the base shallowly acute. Leaf margins were colored reproductions of this type. Colors in the photographs irregularly dentate. The leaves were 8.7 cm long and 4.7 Fig. 2. Flower and plant shape of female, male plant, and new cultivar ‘Daewangchun’ from interspecific hybridization (2012 and 2014). Table 1. Growth characteristics of new cultivar ‘Daewangchun’ from interspecific hybridization. Plant height Plant width Index Direction Cultivar Plant Plant type (A) (B) (A/B) of branch 4-year-old grafted plant 370.0 ± 8.9z 180.0 ± 84.5 2.1 ± 82.0 Very tall type Upright Daewangchun 1-year-old grafted plant 115.0 ± 84.5 30.0 ± 84.5 3.8 ± 81.0 Very tall type Upright Samchully 4-year-old grafted plant 200.0 ± 811.2 120.0 ± 88.9 1.7 ± 81.3 Tall type Horizontal (Female plant) 1-year-old grafted plant 70.0 ± 84.7 55.0 ± 84.7 1.3 ± 81.0 Tall type Horizontal Seobong 4-year-old grafted plant 175.0 ± 810.5 225.0 ± 815.0 0.8 ± 80.7 Medium type Horizontal (Male plant) 1-year-old grafted plant 55.0 ± 87.5 70.0 ± 85.0 0.7 ± 81.5 Medium type Horizontal Daeil 4-year-old grafted plant 225.0 ± 810.5 155.0 ± 87.5 1.5 ± 81.4 Tall type Semi upright (Control) 1-year-old grafted plant 75.0 ± 85.0 62.0 ± 85.0 1.2 ± 81.0 Tall type Semi upright zMean ± standard deviation (n = 5). 456 Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 33(3), June 2015 cm wide. They were medium to dark-green in color.
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