BA HISTORY COURSE CODE: HIS1COR01 COURSE TITLE: Historiography
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Condition of Women in Pre-Modern Travancore
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH CULTURE SOCIETY ISSN: 2456-6683 Volume - 1, Issue - 6, Aug - 2017 CONDITION OF WOMEN IN PRE-MODERN TRAVANCORE Keerthana Santhosh Guest Faculty, Department of History, S N College, Chathannoor, India E mail – [email protected] Abstract: Travancore was the southernmost native state of British India and comprised the present day lands of the southern part of Kerala and Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. It was a land of superstitions, untouchability, unseeability and unapproachability. Pragmatism and atheism were completely unknown there and people were extremely conservatives. It was a caste ridden society with Brahmanical dominance. Naturally, the condition of people belonging to the other castes, particularly lower castes was highly deplorable. But most pathetic was the condition of women. Not even a single section of women occupied a favorable position then. Even their existence was neglected. They were confined to the four walls of their own home. The study aims at the revealing of the condition of women in pre-modern Travancore. Key words: Travancore, Women, Sambandham, Smarthavicharam, Mannappedi, Pulappedi, Parappedi, Akathamma, Devadasi, Ezhuthupalli, Kalari, Kallumala. 1. INTRODUCTION: Women studies were a neglected field in the past. Only men were given importance. The word history itself seems to say his story and not her or their story. Most of the ancient books reveal the fact that they are the stories of men. We have Ramante Ayanam- Ramayanam as an example. As the title shows, it is just the journey of Rama – the protagonist and female characters are subsided. The ancient branch of knowledge, astrology also illustrates the point. -
Dress As a Tool of Empowerment : the Channar Revolt
Dress as a tool of Empowerment : The Channar Revolt Keerthana Santhosh Assistant Professor (Part time Research Scholar – Reg. No. 19122211082008) Department of History St. Mary’s College, Thoothukudi (Manonmanium Sundaranar sUniversity, Tirunelveli) Abstract Empowerment simply means strengthening of women. Travancore, an erstwhile princely state of modern Kerala was considered as a land of enlightened rulers. In the realm of women, condition of Travancore was not an exception. Women were considered as a weaker section and were brutally tortured.Patriarchy was the rule of the land. Many agitations occurred in Travancore for the upliftment of women. The most important among them was the Channar revolt, which revolves around women’s right to wear dress. The present paper analyses the significance of Channar Revolt in the then Kerala society. Keywords: Channar, Mulakkaram, Kuppayam 53 | P a g e Dress as a tool of Empowerment : The Channar Revolt Kerala is considered as the God’s own country. In the realm of human development, it leads India. Regarding women empowerment also, Kerala is a model. In women education, health indices etc. there are no parallels. But everything was not better in pre-modern Kerala. Women suffered a lot of issues. Even the right to dress properly was neglected to the women folk of Kerala. So what Kerala women had achieved today is a result of their continuous struggles. Women in Travancore, which was an erstwhile princely state of Kerala, irrespective of their caste and community suffered a lot of problems. The most pathetic thing was the issue of dress. Women of lower castes were not given the right to wear dress above their waist. -
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Volume 02 :: Issue 01 April 2021 A Global Journal ISSN 2639-4928 CASTE on Social Exclusion brandeis.edu/j-caste PERSPECTIVES ON EMANCIPATION EDITORIAL AND INTRODUCTION “I Can’t Breathe”: Perspectives on Emancipation from Caste Laurence Simon ARTICLES A Commentary on Ambedkar’s Posthumously Published Philosophy of Hinduism - Part II Rajesh Sampath Caste, The Origins of Our Discontents: A Historical Reflection on Two Cultures Ibrahim K. Sundiata Fracturing the Historical Continuity on Truth: Jotiba Phule in the Quest for Personhood of Shudras Snehashish Das Documenting a Caste: The Chakkiliyars in Colonial and Missionary Documents in India S. Gunasekaran Manual Scavenging in India: The Banality of an Everyday Crime Shiva Shankar and Kanthi Swaroop Hate Speech against Dalits on Social Media: Would a Penny Sparrow be Prosecuted in India for Online Hate Speech? Devanshu Sajlan Indian Media and Caste: of Politics, Portrayals and Beyond Pranjali Kureel ‘Ambedkar’s Constitution’: A Radical Phenomenon in Anti-Caste Discourse? Anurag Bhaskar, Bluestone Rising Scholar 2021 Award Caste-ing Space: Mapping the Dynamics of Untouchability in Rural Bihar, India Indulata Prasad, Bluestone Rising Scholar 2021 Award Caste, Reading-habits and the Incomplete Project of Indian Democracy Subro Saha, Bluestone Rising Scholar Honorable Mention 2021 Clearing of the Ground – Ambedkar’s Method of Reading Ankit Kawade, Bluestone Rising Scholar Honorable Mention 2021 Caste and Counselling Psychology in India: Dalit Perspectives in Theory and Practice Meena Sawariya, Bluestone Rising Scholar Honorable Mention 2021 FORUM Journey with Rural Identity and Linguicism Deepak Kumar Drawing on paper; 35x36 cm; Savi Sawarkar 35x36 cm; Savi on paper; Drawing CENTER FOR GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT + SUSTAINABILITY THE HELLER SCHOOL AT BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY CASTE A GLOBAL JOURNAL ON SOCIAL EXCLUSION PERSPECTIVES ON EMANCIPATION VOLUME 2, ISSUE 1 JOINT EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Laurence R. -
Trends in Indian Historiography
HIS2B02 - TRENDS IN INDIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY SEMESTER II Core Course BA HISTORY CBCSSUG (2019) (2019 Admissions Onwards) School of Distance Education University of Calicut HIS2 B02 Trends in Indian Hstoriography University of Calicut School of Distance Education Study Material B.A.HISTORY II SEMESTER CBCSSUG (2019 Admissions Onwards) HIS2B02 TRENDS IN INDIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY Prepared by: Module I & II :Dr. Ancy. M. A Assistant Professor School of Distance Education University of Calicut. Module III & IV : Vivek. A. B Assistant Professor School of Distance Education University of Calicut. Scrutinized by : Dr.V V Haridas, Associate Professor, Dept. of History, University of Calicut. MODULE I Historical Consciousness in Pre-British India Jain and Bhuddhist tradition Condition of Hindu Society before Buddha Buddhism is centered upon the life and teachings of Gautama Buddha, where as Jainism is centered on the life and teachings of Mahavira. Both Buddhism and Jainism believe in the concept of karma as a binding force responsible for the suffering of beings upon earth. One of the common features of Bhuddhism and jainism is the organisation of monastic orders or communities of Monks. Buddhism is a polytheistic religion. Its main goal is to gain enlightenment. Jainism is also polytheistic religion and its goals are based on non-violence and liberation the soul. The Vedic idea of the divine power of speech was developed into the philosophical concept of hymn as the human expression of the etheric vibrations which permeate space and which were first knowable cause of creation itself. Jainism and Buddhism which were instrumental in bringing about lot of changes in the social life and culture of India. -
CLIVE FARAHAR RARE BOOKS 11 Middle Street Montacute Somerset TA15 6UZ U.K
MONTACUTE MISCELLANY CATALOGUE 94 ITEM 15 CLIVE FARAHAR RARE BOOKS 11 Middle Street Montacute Somerset TA15 6UZ U.K. +44(0)1935 593086 +44(0)7780 434713 [email protected] www. clivefarahar.com CONTENTS AFRICA 3,7,8,15,49. JAPAN 21,30. AMERICAN JUVENILE MANUSCRIPTS 8,10,11,18,20,49. BROADSHEETS 1. MEDCINE 20,38. THE AMERICAS MIDDLE EAST 67. 2,16,23,32,33,62,63,70,89. MILITARY 60. ARAB DICTIONARY POOLE 35. NELSON VICTORY COPPER 69. ASIA 51,52,61,64. PHOTOGRAPHY 29,31. AUSTRALASIA 36 POLARIS NEUCLEAR BAKER (SIR SAMUEL) 3 PROGRAMME 47 BURTON (CAPT. SIR R.F.) 7,8,9. RAEMAEKERS GREAT WAR 97 CALLIGRAPHY 10,11. SHIPWRECKS 54 – 58. CATHOLICISM 12. SLAVERY 50. CHINA 4,6,13,31,40-46, 71-87. TURKEY 66. FRANCE 17. WALEY (ARTHUR)) 71-87. GENERAL 5,10. WEST INDIES 88 GREENLAND 68. WILDE (OSCAR) 89. INDIA 19,22,24 – 29,37, WILLIAM IV CORONATION 90. 48,65,91,97. WORLD WARS I & II 92 - 97. The prices are in pounds sterling. Postage is added at cost. Any item may be returned within a week of receipt for whatever reason. VAT is charged where relevant. My registration number is 941496700. For Bank Transfers National Westminster C.R. Farahar Account no. 50868608 Sort code 60 02 05 1. AMERICAN JUVENILE. A Collection of 43 Hand Coloured Catch Penny Broad Sheets each with between 12 and 20 woodcut illustrations, numbered 7,8,18,19,21 - 50,52-60.12 x 16 ins. 28 x 40.5 cms. some marginal staining affecting a few, Printed expressly for the Humoristic Publishing Co. -
The Chirakkal Dynasty: Readings Through History
THE CHIRAKKAL DYNASTY: READINGS THROUGH HISTORY Kolathunadu is regarded as one of the old political dynasties in India and was ruled by the Kolathiris. The Mushaka vamsam and the kings were regarded as the ancestors of the Kolathiris. It was mentioned in the Mooshika Vamsa (1980) that the boundary of Mooshaka kingdom was from the North of Mangalapuram – Puthupattanam to the Southern boundary of Korappuzha in Kerala. In the long Sanskrit historical poem Mooshaka Vamsam, the dynastic name of the chieftains of north Malabar (Puzhinad) used is Mooshaka (Aiyappan, 1982). In the beginning of the fifth Century A.D., the kingdom of Ezhimala had risen to political prominence in north Kerala under Nannan… With the death of Nannan ended the most glorious period in the history of the Ezhimala Kingdom… a separate line of rulers known as the Mooshaka kings held sway over this area 36 (Kolathunad) with their capital near Mount Eli. It is not clear whether this line of rulers who are celebrated in the Mooshaka vamsa were subordinate to the Chera rulers of Mahodayapuram or whether they ruled as an independent line of kings on their own right (in Menon, 1972). The narration of the Mooshaka Kingdom up to the 12th Century A.D. is mentioned in the Mooshaka vamsa. This is a kavya (poem) composed by Atula, who was the court poet of the King Srikantha of Mooshaka vamsa. By the 14th Century the old Mooshaka kingdom had come to be known as Kolathunad and a new line of rulers known as the Kolathiris (the ‘Colastri’ of European writers) had come into prominence in north Kerala. -
Analysing Lee's Hypotheses of Migration in the Context of Malabar
International Journal of Research in Geography (IJRG) Volume 4, Issue 1, 2018, PP 1-8 ISSN 2454-8685 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-8685.0401001 www.arcjournals.org Analysing Lee’s Hypotheses of Migration in the Context of Malabar Migration: A Case Study of Taliparamba Block, Kannur District Surabhi Rani 1 Dept.of Geography, Kannur University Payyanur Campus, Edat. P.O ,Payyanur, Kannur, Kerala Abstract: Human Migration is considered as one of the important demographic process which has manifold effect on the society as well as to the individuals, apart from the other population dynamics of fertility and mortality. Several approaches dealing with migration has evolved the concepts related to the push and pull factors causing migration. Malabar Migration is a historical phenomenon of internal migration, in which massive exodus took place in the vast jungles of Malabar concentrating with similar socio-cultural-economic group of people. Various factors related to social, cultural, demographical and economical aspects initiated the migration from erstwhile Travancore to erstwhile Malabar district. The present preliminary study tries to focus over such factors associated with Malabar Migration in Taliparamba block of Kannur district (Kerala).This study is based on the primary survey of the study area and further supplemented with other secondary materials. Keywords: migration, push and pull factors, Travancore, Malabar 1. INTRODUCTION Human migration is one of the few truly interdisciplinary fields of research of social processes which has widespread consequences for both, individuals and the society. It is a sort of geographical or spatial mobility of people with change in their place of residence and socio-cultural environment. -
History of Onattukara WAFFEN-UND KOSTUMKUNDE JOURNAL Volume XI, Issue XI, November/2020 ISSN NO: 0042-9945 Page No: 89
WAFFEN-UND KOSTUMKUNDE JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0042-9945 History of Onattukara Dr. R. Rajesh, Associate Professor N.S.S College, Pandalam. Kerala, India Odanad was a small kingdom during the second Chera Empire between (800-1102). Mahodyapuram acted as the capital for the kingdom which lasted more than three centuries. The historical Odanad comprised parts of modern-day Kerala which includes Mavelikkara and Karthikapalli from the Alappuzha district and Karunagapalli from Kollam district. Later in history, it became known as Kayamkulam Kingdom. Onattukara is synonymous with Odanad. The geographical boundaries of Odanad were the south of Kannett, the northern parts of Trikunnapuzha, in the west, it was the Arabian sea and in the east, it was bordered by Ilayidath Swaroopam. In the 14th century text, Unnuneeli Sandesam Kannett is mentioned as the southern border of the kingdom. According to the records by The Dutch Commander of Cochin, Julius Valentyn Stein van Gollenesse in 1734 AD, the neighbourhood of Odanad were the areas of Pandalam, Thekkumkur, Ilayidath Swaroopam, Maadathukur, Purakkad and Thrikkunnapuzha. Madathumkur and Kannett which were the southern parts of the kingdom later separated from Odanad. During the time of Perumakkan Kings of Mahodayapuram. The whole countryside was divided into small states which had its right of self-government like Venad, Odanad, Nandruzainad, Eranadu,Munjunad, Vembamalnad, Valluvanad, Eralnad, Puraikizhanadu etc. Several written proofs show that until the end of the 12th century Perumakan's Mahodhyapuram acted as the capital to the kingdom that stretched between Thiruvananthapuram and Kolathunadu. Popular historian Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai argues that even though the records aren't crystal clear, It has to be believed that this geographical division of kingdom existed at the beginning of the 12th century and places like Odanad and Venad attained freedom only during this time. -
Introduction
The Ali Rajas of Cannanore: status and identity at the interface of commercial and political expansion, 1663-1723 Mailaparambil, J.B. Citation Mailaparambil, J. B. (2007, December 12). The Ali Rajas of Cannanore: status and identity at the interface of commercial and political expansion, 1663-1723. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12488 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12488 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). INTRODUCTION Cultural apartheid was the dominant ideal in medieval Muslim India...1 This is a study about the Arackal Ali Rajas of Cannanore, the most prominent maritime merchants in pre-colonial Kerala and one of the very few early-modern Indian maritime merchant groups who succeeded in carving out a powerful political configuration of their own. The extensive maritime network of the Arackal House was based at the port-town of Cannanore. From that place, this Mappila Muslim family came to dominate the commercial networks of various other Mappila families in Cannanore as well as in its various satellite ports such as Maday, Baliapatanam, Dharmapatanam and Nileswaram.2 Before setting out to expound my own analytical starting position, let me begin by briefly introducing the spatial and temporal co-ordinates of this study as well as the sources and historiographical antecedents on which it is based. Kolathunadu, 1663-1723 The ‘kingdom of Cannanore’ or Kolathunadu constitutes roughly what is now called the Cannanore District of Kerala State in the Republic of India. -
THE GEO-POLITICAL SETTING of KOLATHUNADU Regional History
9 CHAPTER ONE THE GEO-POLITICAL SETTING OF KOLATHUNADU Since every historical event occurs both in space as well as in time, history cannot, except in some of its more specialised branches, be dissociated from country or place…Since history must concern itself with the location of the events, which it investigates, it must continually raise, not only the familiar questions Why? and Why then? but also the questions Where and Why there?1 Regional history in early-modern Kerala is a rarely visited field of research.2 Two large stumbling blocks are the unavailability of and limit- ed accessibility to source materials from which to construe comprehensive regional histories of this period. Moreover, the general postulation that pre-colonial Kerala followed an even pattern of historical development throughout the centuries seems to tempt the researcher to pass over any regional variations as minor ‘deviations’ from the general pattern of devel- opment. Furthermore, at first glance the region cannot boast of being the seat of an imposing political formation in comparison with those of the other regions of South India in general and Kerala in particular. The neglect of the northernmost part of Kerala in the general historiography of the region might perhaps be attributed to these reasons. Out of the numerous principalities (nadus) which emerged in Kerala during the medieval period, Kolathunadu stands out as a region of partic- ular historical interest because of its unique pattern of socio-political development. The distinctive geographical features of the region had an important role in shaping the socio-political culture of Kolathunadu. -
Unit 10: Dalit Movement
Unit 10 Dalit Movement UNIT 10: DALIT MOVEMENT UNIT STRUCTURE 10.1 Learning Objectives 10.2 Introduction 10.3 Conceptualizing the term ‘Dalit’ 10.4 Dalit Movement: Emergence, Causes, Objectives 10.5 Dalit Movement: Issues, leadership and implications 10.6 Let Us Sum Up 10.7 Further Reading 10.8 Answers to Check Your Progress 10.9 Model Questions 10.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After going through this unit, you will be able to- l Obtain an overall understanding about the Dalit movement in India, l Know the primary causes, rise, issues, leadership and implications of the Dalit movement in India. 10.2 INTRODUCTION Social movements of different kinds and nature emerge due to issues and problems faced by the society. The Dalit movement emerged owing to specific social hurdles faced by particularly the so-called Dalit community of the country. In this unit, emphasis shall be laid on a holistic understanding of the idea of Dalit movements in India. 10.3 CONCEPTUALIZING THE TERM ‘DALIT’ The term “Dalit” is considered to have been derived from Sanskrit. The term in its simplest form implies “crushed”, or “broken to pieces”. Historically it is believed that the term was first used by Jyotirao Phule in the 19th century, in the milieu of the subjugation met by the former “untouchable” 116 Social Movements Dalit Movement Unit 10 castes among the Hindus. Mahatma Gandhi espoused the expression “Harijan,” (when loosely translated the term implies “Children of God”), to locate the former castaways. As per the Indian Constitution, the Dalits are the people who are listed in the schedule caste category. -
The Ali Rajas of Cannanore and the Political Economy of Malabar (1663-1723)
The Ali Rajas of Cannanore and the Political Economy of Malabar (1663-1723) By Binu John Mailaparambil BRILL LEIDEN . BOSTON 2012 CONTENTS Acknowledgements xiii Glossary xv Notes on place and personal names xvii Notes on weights and currencies in Cannanore xviii Maps xix Introduction ] Kolathunadu, 1663-1723 2 Sources 3 Historiographical antecedents 4 Analytical framework 6 Chapter One: The Geo-Political Setting of Kolathunadu 9 Kolathunadu through the ages 9 Malabar: a regional perspective 11 Region within the region: the social world of Kolathunadu 16 Brahmanism in Kolathunadu 18 Nayars as local elites 18 Other social groups 19 Mercantile groups in Kolathunadu 21 Conclusion 22 Chapter Two: The Rajas of Kolathunadu 25 The 'state' in pre-colonial Kerala 25 The 'little kingdom' model 26 The stvarupam polity 28 The concept of sakti 30 Houses by the sea 33 The co-sharers of Kolathunadu 37 Lords of the horses 41 The Arackal Ali Rajas 44 Legitimacy and sakti 47 Conclusion 50 Chapter Three: Lords of the Sea 53 The fifteenth century: decline or continuity? 53 The sixteenth century: changing port order in Malabar 54 The rise of the Mappila trading network in Cannanore 57 x CONTENTS The Cannanore Bazaar 59 The Cannanore thalassocracy 63 Cannanore and the commercial world of the Indian Ocean 66 1. The Arabian Sea 67 2. Ceylon, Coromandel, Bengal, and South-East Asia 71 3. Asian traders in Cannanore 73 4. Cannanore exports 74 5. Cannanore imports 75 Conclusion * 77 Chapter Four: Jan Company in Cannanore (1663—1723) 81 The Malabar commercial scenario