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Batteridrift På Alle Hurtigbåtruter I Trøndelag

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Batteridrift På Alle Hurtigbåtruter I Trøndelag Batteridrift på alle hurtigbåtruter i Trøndelag Rapport fra utviklingskontrakt for fremtidens hurtigbåt Flying Foil, Brødrene Aa, Westcon Power and Automation og NTNU FORORD Denne rapporten er skrevet som et resultat av samarbeidet mellom Flying Foil AS, Brødrene Aa AS, Westcon Power & Automation AS og NTNU. Hovedforfatteren av teksten i dette dokumentet er Flying Foil AS, representert ved John Martin Kleven Godø ([email protected]) og Jarle Vinje Kramer ([email protected]) Deler av dette dokumentet inneholder sensitivt informasjon. Det finnes derfor to versjoner av denne teksten; en hvor all informasjon er vist, ment for komiteen til utviklingskontrakten, og en versjon hvor sensitiv informasjon er sladdet. Sladdet tekst og bilder ser slik ut: Sammendrag Utviklingskontrakt for fremtidens hurtigbåt søker svar på spørsmålet: Kan man kjøre de tre hurtigbåtrutene Trondheim-Vanvikan (16km), Trondheim-Brekstad (53km) og Trondheim-Kristiansund (176km) med nullutslipps hurtigbåter? Denne rapporten søker å besvare dette spørsmålet, og er et resultat av et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Flying Foil, Brødrene Aa, Westcon Power & Automation og NTNU. Målet med dette prosjektet var å lage en ny generasjon hydrofoilfartøy, bygget av karbonfiber med forbedret energieffektivitet i forhold til både tidligere hydrofoilbåter og dagens hurtigbåter. To fartøyer har blitt designet og prosjektert: et 20 m langt fartøy med 129 seter for Trondheim- Vanvikan, og et 30 meter langt fartøy med 270 seter for de resterende rutene. Både batteri- og hydrogendrift har vært vurdert, med den konklusjonen at batteridrift virker å være det foretrukne alternativet for alle rutene. Konklusjonen er basert på økonomiske beregninger som viser at kostnader knyttet til kraftforsyning – drift og investeringskostnader – reduseres med 50% ved å gå for en batteriløsning over hydrogen. Forskjellen i tilsvarende kostander for en hydrofoil-batteribåt og en konvensjonell hydrogenkatamaran er estimert til å være 62% i favør hydrofoilbåten. For å muliggjøre batteridrift på den lengste ruta har vi designet et energieffektivt hydrofoilsystem for 40 knops hastighet. Dette gjør at vi kan spare inn en halv time kjøring relativt til dagens hastighet på 33 knop. Økt hastighet benyttes for å gi bedre tid til batterilading halvveis på strekningen. For passasjerer som benytter den nordligste delen av kystekspressen – mellom Trondheim og Hitra – vil reisetiden bli redusert. For de som tar båten hele veien mellom Trondheim og Kristiansund vil reisetiden være uendret. En hastighetsøkning fra 33 knop til 40 knop ville for en konvensjonell hurtigbåt bety en økning i energiforbruk på omtrent 50%. Ved å benytte omfattende optimaliseringsmetoder for hydrofoilsystemet kan man oppnå minimal motstand for en gitt vekt og hastighet. Dette muliggjør en reduksjon av energiforbruk på omtrent 30% relativt til dagens båter i 33 knop, selv om hastigheten øker til 40 knop. Fordi energieffektive fartøy muliggjør lettere kraftforsyning er forskjellen i energieffektiviteten mellom en konvensjonell batteribåt og en hydrofoil-batteribåt opp til 40%. Konsortiet har utviklet en sjøgangssimulator og optimalisert fartøyenes flykontrollsystemer for drift i de sjøtilstandene som har vært målt på rutene det siste året. Statistikk for passasjerkomfort og regularitet har så blitt beregnet med reelle værdata. Passasjerene i et hydrofoilfartøy er estimert til å oppleve 88% lavere akselerasjoner enn i et konvensjonelt fartøy, noe som i teorien eliminerer sjøsyke. Dette til tross for en hastighetsøkning fra 33 til 40 knop. Alle nye fartøydesign bærer med seg nye utfordringer relativt til konvensjonelle båter. En HAZID- analyse har blitt gjennomført i samarbeid med Sjøfartsdirektoratet, for å avdekke sikkerhetsutfordringer. Innholdsfortegnelse Forord ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Sammendrag ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Innholdsfortegnelse ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Innledning ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Utfordringen ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Arbeidet som har blitt gjort ............................................................................................................................. 10 Ikke dekket av denne rapporten ...................................................................................................................... 11 Veien videre ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 Tidligere hydrofoilbåter ................................................................................................................ 12 Overordnet beskrivelse av vårt fartøykonsept .............................................................................. 16 Oppsummering av designkrav ......................................................................................................................... 16 Hvordan greier vi batteridrift på alle rutene i Trøndelag? ............................................................................... 17 Skipsplattform fra Brødrene Aa ....................................................................................................................... 17 Hoveddimensjoner ........................................................................................................................................... 18 Vekt av en hurtigbåt ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Dekksplan ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 Energiforbruk ................................................................................................................................................... 20 Vingedesign .................................................................................................................................. 21 Generell beskrivelse av vingeoppsett .............................................................................................................. 23 Energieffektiv og stabil flykonfigurasjon av vinger ......................................................................................................... 23 Spesialdesignede foilprofiler .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Minimering av løft-indusert motstand ........................................................................................................................... 26 Optimering av design ved hjelp av spesialutviklet programvare ..................................................................... 28 Motstand og energiforbruk .............................................................................................................................. 30 Simuleringsparametere .................................................................................................................................................. 31 Resultater fra CFD analyse .............................................................................................................................................. 33 Vingekonstruksjon ........................................................................................................................................... 35 Vingestruktur .................................................................................................................................................................. 35 Globale belastninger ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 Kavitasjonserosjon .......................................................................................................................................................... 39 Kontrollsystem OG sjøegenskaper...................................................................................................................... 42 Kontrollsystem ................................................................................................................................................. 42 Sensorpakke ................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Kontrollprogramvare ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 Servomotorer ................................................................................................................................................................. 44 Mekanisk system ............................................................................................................................................................ 44
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