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Garamond and the French Renaissance Garamond and the French Renaissance Compiled from Various Writings Edited by Kylie Harrigan for Everyone Ever
Garamond and The French Renaissance Garamond and The French Renaissance Compiled from Various Writings Edited by Kylie Harrigan For Everyone ever Design © 2014 Kylie Harrigan Garamond Typeface The French Renassaince Garamond, An Overview Garamond is a typeface that is widely used today. The namesake of that typeface was equally as popular as the typeface is now when he was around. Starting out as an apprentice punch cutter Claude Garamond 2 quickly made a name for himself in the typography industry. Even though the typeface named for Claude Garamond is not actually based on a design of his own it shows how much of an influence he was. He has his typefaces, typefaces named after him and typeface based on his original typefaces. As a major influence during the 16th century and continued influence all the way to today Claude Garamond has had a major influence in typography and design. Claude Garamond was born in Paris, France around 1480 or 1490. Rather quickly Garamond entered the industry of typography. He started out as an apprentice punch cutter and printer. Working for Antoine Augereau he specialized in type design as well as punching cutting and printing. Grec Du Roi Type The Renaissance in France It was under Francis 1, king of France The Francis 1 gallery in the Italy, including Benvenuto Cellini; he also from 1515 to 1547, that Renaissance art Chateau de Fontainebleau imported works of art from Italy. All this While artists and their patrons in France and and architecture first blossomed in France. rapidly galvanised a large part of the French the rest of Europe were still discovering and Shortly after coming to the throne, Francis, a Francis 1 not only encouraged the nobility into taking up the Italian style for developing the Gothic style, in Italy a new cultured and intelligent monarch, invited the Renaissance style of art in France, he their own building projects and artistic type of art, inspired by the Classical heritage, elderly Leonardo da Vinci to come and work also set about building fine Renaissance commissions. -
X Garamond & His Famous Types
x Garamond & His Famous Types HENRY LEWIS BULLEN Ahistor y very interesting to all who may be benefited through the use of printing. t is a par t of the glory of French artthat two type designs that areadmittedly masterpieces beyond competition werecreated byFrench- men. These creations havehad a decisiveinflu- ence on subsequent type designers, and though four hundred and fifty years havepassed since the first use of one of these designs, and three hundred and seventy- fivesince the first use of the other,both of them in their original models arenow morepopular and moregenerally used than in any previous period. The earliest of these master designers was Nicolas Jenson, who first used his famous Roman types in Venice in 1470.But we are heremoreconcerned with the second master,Claude Gara- mond of Paris, in whose honor this book is issued and in reproduc- tions of whose famous Roman and Italic type designs it is composed, that those who read herein may better understand their merits. Original steel punches and copper matrices made and used by Garamond, some time beforehis death in 1561,are now the proper ty of the French nation, and areincluded as an item in the great asset of the national arts which French governments, whether royal, imperial or republican in form, haveinvariably honoured and protected. These implements and the types cast bymeans of them arekept in a special ‘Garamond & His Famous Types’ was originally published in An Exhibit of Garamond Type with Appropriate Ornaments. Being the third of a series of books showing the many beautiful types in the composing room of Redfield- Kendrick-Odell Co., Printers & Map Makers (Redfield-Kendrick-Odell Co.: Ne w York, 1927). -
Vision Performance Institute
Vision Performance Institute Technical Report Individual character legibility James E. Sheedy, OD, PhD Yu-Chi Tai, PhD John Hayes, PhD The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the legibility of individual characters. Previous work in our lab [2], including the first study in this sequence, has studied the relative legibility of fonts with different anti- aliasing techniques or other presentation medias, such as paper. These studies have tested the relative legibility of a set of characters configured with the tested conditions. However the relative legibility of individual characters within the character set has not been studied. While many factors seem to affect the legibility of a character (e.g., character typeface, character size, image contrast, character rendering, the type of presentation media, the amount of text presented, viewing distance, etc.), it is not clear what makes a character more legible when presenting in one way than in another. In addition, the importance of those different factors to the legibility of one character may not be held when the same set of factors was presented in another character. Some characters may be more legible in one typeface and others more legible in another typeface. What are the character features that affect legibility? For example, some characters have wider openings (e.g., the opening of “c” in Calibri is wider than the character “c” in Helvetica); some letter g’s have double bowls while some have single (e.g., “g” in Batang vs. “g” in Verdana); some have longer ascenders or descenders (e.g., “b” in Constantia vs. -
Type Classification Ebook
Before You Begin... 6.The last 4 pages of the book explain what a “font flag” is and gives an example and also what a “font specimen sheet” it and an example. This book has been made to help you learn the 10 broad classifications of type. I won’t go into why you need to know them, but just face the fact... Regards, k you do. This book was specifically made for printing and web viewing. Jacob Cass jacobcassATjustcreativedesignDOTcom o Below is a brief description of what is inside the book and how it is layed http://justcreativedesign.com o out which will help you get more out of the book. © Copyright Jacob Cass - This book is licensed under a Attribution b Noncommercial Share Alike 2.0 Generic Creative Commons license. This 1. On the next page there are all 10 type classifications on one page. (ie. d Humanist, Garalde, Didone, Transitional, Lineal, Mechanistic, Blackletter, means you CAN copy, distribute, display, and use this work for any Decorative, Script and Manual.) These are the types classifications we will purpose under the conditions that you give me credit for the work and n that you do not make money from it, nor build upon or alter the work. be discussing. a 2. On the next two pages are layout guides to help you get familar with the layout of the book. H 3. The next page then continues to give a description of each type classification (ie. the 10 mentioned above). It will also provide the history n and characteristics of each type classification and appropriate font o examples on the same page as seen in the LAYOUT GUIDE. -
The Impact of the Historical Development of Typography on Modern Classification of Typefaces
M. Tomiša et al. Utjecaj povijesnog razvoja tipografije na suvremenu klasifikaciju pisama ISSN 1330-3651 (Print), ISSN 1848-6339 (Online) UDC/UDK 655.26:003.2 THE IMPACT OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TYPOGRAPHY ON MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF TYPEFACES Mario Tomiša, Damir Vusić, Marin Milković Original scientific paper One of the definitions of typography is that it is the art of arranging typefaces for a specific project and their arrangement in order to achieve a more effective communication. In order to choose the appropriate typeface, the user should be well-acquainted with visual or geometric features of typography, typographic rules and the historical development of typography. Additionally, every user is further assisted by a good quality and simple typeface classification. There are many different classifications of typefaces based on historical or visual criteria, as well as their combination. During the last thirty years, computers and digital technology have enabled brand new creative freedoms. As a result, there are thousands of fonts and dozens of applications for digitally creating typefaces. This paper suggests an innovative, simpler classification, which should correspond to the contemporary development of typography, the production of a vast number of new typefaces and the needs of today's users. Keywords: character, font, graphic design, historical development of typography, typeface, typeface classification, typography Utjecaj povijesnog razvoja tipografije na suvremenu klasifikaciju pisama Izvorni znanstveni članak Jedna je od definicija tipografije da je ona umjetnost odabira odgovarajućeg pisma za određeni projekt i njegova organizacija s ciljem ostvarenja što učinkovitije komunikacije. Da bi korisnik mogao odabrati pravo pismo za svoje potrebe treba prije svega dobro poznavati optičke ili geometrijske značajke tipografije, tipografska pravila i povijesni razvoj tipografije. -
Adobe Garamond Pro
Adobe Garamond Pro a® a An Adobe® Original Adobe Garamond® Pro A contemporary typeface family based on the roman types of Claude Garamond and the italic types of Robert Granjon © Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. For more information about OpenType®, please refer to Adobe’s web site at www.adobe.com/type/opentype is document was designed to be viewed on-screen or printed duplex and assembled as a booklet Adobe® Originals Adobe Systems Incorporated introduces Adobe Garamond Pro, a new font software package in the growing library of Adobe Originals typefaces, designed specifically for today’s digital technology. Since the inception of the Adobe Originals program in , the Adobe Originals typefaces have been consistently recognized throughout the world for their quality, originality, and practicality. ey combine the power of PostScript® language software technology and the most 23 sophisticated electronic design tools with the spirit of craftsmanship that has inspired type designers since Gutenberg. Comprising both new designs and revivals of classic typefaces, Adobe Originals font software has set a standard for typographic excellence. What is OpenType? Developed jointly by Adobe and Microsoft, OpenType® is a highly versatile new font file format that represents a signifi cant advance in type functionality on Macintosh and Windows® computers. Perhaps most exciting for designers and typographers is that OpenType fonts off er extended layout features that bring an unprecedented level of sophistication and control to contemporary typography. Because an OpenType typeface can incorporate all glyphs for a specifi c style and weight into a single font, the need for separate expert, alternate, swash, non-Latin, and other related sets is elimi- nated. -
History of Moveable Type
History of Moveable Type Johannes Gutenberg invented Moveable Type and the Printing Press in Germany in 1440. Moveable Type was first made of wood and replaced by metal. Example of moveable type being set. Fonts were Type set on a printing press. organized in wooden “job cases” by Typeface, Caps and Lower Case, and Point Size. Typography Terms Glyphs – letters (A,a,B,b,C,c) Typeface – The aesthetic design of an alphabet. Helvetica, Didot, Times New Roman Type Family – The range of variations and point size available within one Typeface. Font (Font Face) – The traditional term for the complete set of a typeface as it relates to one point size (Font Face: Helvetica, 10 pt). This would include upper and lower case glyphs, small capitals, bold and italic. After the introduction of the computer, the word Font is now used synonymously with the word Typeface, i.e. “What font are you using? Helvetica!” Weight – the weight of a typeface is determined by the thickness of the character outlines relative to their height (Hairline, Thin, Ultra-light, Extra-light, Light, Book, Regular, Roman, Medium, Demi-bold, Semi-bold, Bold, Extra-bold, Heavy, Black, Extra-black, Ultra-black). Point Size – the size of the typeface (12pt, 14pt, 18pt). Points are the standard until of typographic measurement. 12 points = 1 pica, 6 picas = 72 points = 1 inch. (Example right) A general rule is that body copy should never go below 10pt and captions should never be less than 8pt. Leading – or line spacing is the spacing between lines of type. In metal type composition, actual pieces of lead were inserted between lines of type on the printing press to create line spacing. -
Tv38bigelow.Pdf
Histoire de l’Ecriture´ Typographique — le XXi`eme si`ecle (The History of Typographic Writing—The 20th century). Jacques Andr´e, editorial direction. Atelier Perrousseaux, Gap, France, 2016. http://www.adverbum.fr/atelier-perrousseaux Review and summaries by Charles Bigelow (TUGboat vol.38, 2017). https://tug.org/books/#andre vol.1 TUGboat38:1,pp.18–22 vol.2, ch.1–5 TUGboat 38:2, pp.274–279 vol.2, ch.6–8+ TUGboat 38:3, pp.306–311 The original publication, as reviewed, was in two volumes: Tome I/II, de 1900 `a1950. ISBN 978-2-36765-005-0, tinyurl.com/ja-xxieme. 264 pp. Tome II/II, de 1950 `a2000. ISBN 978-2-36765-006-7, tinyurl.com/ja-xxieme-ii. 364 pp. These are the last two volumes in the series The History of Typographical Writing, comprised of seven volumes in all, from the beginning of printing with Gutenberg through the 20th century. All are in French. The individual volumes and the series as a whole are available in various electronic and print formats; please see the publisher’s web site for current offerings. ❧ ❧ ❧ 18 TUGboat, Volume 38 (2017), No. 1 Review and summaries: The History of phy had begun to supplant print itself, because text Typographic Writing — The 20th century display and reading increasingly shifted from paper Volume 1, from 1900 to 1950 to computer screen, a phenomenon now noticed by nearly all readers and publishers. Charles Bigelow In the 20th century, typography was also trans- Histoire de l’Ecriture´ Typographique — le XXi`eme formed by cultural innovations that were strikingly si`ecle; tome I/II, de 1900 `a1950. -
Greek Type Design Introduction
A primer on Greek type design by Gerry Leonidas T the 1997 ATypI Conference at Reading I gave a talk Awith the title ‘Typography & the Greek language: designing typefaces in a cultural context.’ The inspiration for that talk was a discussion with Christopher Burke on designing typefaces for a script one is not linguistically familiar with. My position was that knowledge and use of a language is not a prerequisite for understanding the script to a very high, if not conclusive, degree. In other words, although a ‘typographically attuned’ native user should test a design in real circumstances, any designer could, with the right preparation and monitoring, produce competent typefaces. This position was based on my understanding of the decisions a designer must make in designing a Greek typeface. I should add that this argument had two weak points: one, it was based on a small amount of personal experience in type design and a lot of intuition, rather than research; and, two, it was quite possible that, as a Greek, I was making the ‘right’ choices by default. Since 1997, my own work proved me right on the first point, and that of other designers – both Greeks and non- Greeks – on the second. The last few years saw multilingual typography literally explode. An obvious arena was the broader European region: the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997 which, at the same time as bringing the European Union closer to integration on a number of fields, marked a heightening of awareness in cultural characteristics, down to an explicit statement of support for dialects and local script variations. -
Tex by Topic, a Texnician's Reference
TEX BY TOPIC, A TEXNICIAN’S REFERENCE VICTOR EIJKHOUT DOCUMENT REVISION 1.5, 2019 Copyright c 1991-2013 Victor Eijkhout. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ”GNU Free Documentation License”. This document is based on the book TEX by Topic, copyright 1991-2019 Victor Eijkhout. This book was printed in 1991 by Addison-Wesley UK, ISBN 0-201-56882-9, reprinted in 1993, pdf version first made freely available in 2001. Cover design (lulu.com version): Joanna K. Wozniak ([email protected]) Victor Eijkhout – TEX by Topic 1 2 Victor Eijkhout – TEX by Topic Contents License 15 Preface 21 1 The Structure of the TEX Processor 23 1.1 Four TEX processors 23 1.2 The input processor 24 1.2.1 Character input 24 1.2.2 Two-level input processing 24 1.3 The expansion processor 25 1.3.1 The process of expansion 25 1.3.2 Special cases: \expandafter, \noexpand, and \the 25 1.3.3 Braces in the expansion processor 26 1.4 The execution processor 26 1.5 The visual processor 27 1.6 Examples 28 1.6.1 Skipped spaces 28 1.6.2 Internal quantities and their representations 28 2 Category Codes and Internal States 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Initial processing 29 2.3 Category codes 30 2.4 From characters to tokens 32 2.5 The input processor as a finite state automaton 32 2.5.1 State -
Garamond Libre
Garamond Libre Daniel Benjamin Miller∗ Bob Tennent† version 1.4 May 3, 2020 Introduction Garamond Libre is a free and open-source old-style font family. It is a “true Garamond,” i.e., it is based off the designs of 16th-century French engraver Claude Garamond (also spelled Garamont). The Roman design is Garamond’s; the italics are from a design by Robert Granjon. The upright Greek font is after a design by Firmin Didot; the “italic” Greek font is after a design by Alexander Wilson. The font family includes support for Latin, Greek (monotonic and polytonic) and Cyrillic scripts, as well as small capitals, old-style figures, superior and inferior figures, historical ligatures, Byzantine musical symbols, the IPA and swash capitals. The fonts are an extended fork based on designs by George Douros. Garamond Libre is based on George Douros’ text fonts project. The sources on which these fonts are based were released by their author as free for any use. The Type 1 versions of the fonts were created using cfftot1. The support files were created using autoinst and otftotfm and are licensed under the terms of the LATEX Project Public License. ∗dbmiller at dbmiller.org †rdt at cs.queensu.ca 1 Licensing The OpenType fonts are released under the X11/MIT license and are Copyright © 2019–2020 by Daniel Benjamin Miller. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Soft- ware”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be in- cluded in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. -
Zahrah Is a Didone-Style Serif Family in Ten Styles: Five Classification: Display Serif Upright Weights and Companion Italics
Zahrah Name: Zahrah Zahrah is a Didone-style serif family in ten styles: five Classification: Display Serif upright weights and companion italics. It includes some Designer: Yoann Minet whimsical details, which liven up even the most serious Designed in: 2015 of texts. Didone types are characterised by strong visual Styles: 5 Romans + 5 Italics difference between the weight of the letters’ thick and thin strokes. Zahrah may be selected for almost anything and there’s no reason it shouldn’t shape the text of your www.indiantypefoundry.com newest annual report websites or fashion apps. — a stylish high-contrast Didone-style family Zahrah This multi-purpose text face for the Latin script comes from Yoann Minet, a Paris-based designer. It includes some whimsical details, which liven up even the most serious of texts. Zahrah is a Didone-style serif in ten styles: five upright weights and companion italics. Didone types are characterised by strong visual difference between the weight of the letters’ thick and thin strokes. Didones also feature clarity and geometric simplification not found in type based on older, Renaissance models. Didone faces are used for a wide variety of applications: from fashion or cosmetic labels to newspaper text, and from academic publications to the annual reports of Fortune 500 companies. They may be selected for almost anything – and there’s no reason they shouldn’t shape the text of your newest websites or apps. ITF — ZAHRAH WEIGHTS OVERVIEW ROMANS ITALICS 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 1 Zahrah Light 6 Zahrah Light Italic 2 Zahrah Regular 7 Zahrah Regular Italic 3 Zahrah Medium 8 Zahrah Medium Italic 4 Zahrah Semibold 9 Zahrah Semibold Italic 5 Zahrah Bold 10 Zahrah Bold Italic ITF — ZAHRAH WEIGHTS OVERVIEW LIGHT LIGHT ITALIC Nonadrenergic Rëpreśenŧatioņ Degas invited Mary Cassatt to display her work in that exhibition at 25 By recreating the sensation in the eye that views the subject, rather then REGULAR REGULAR ITALIC Dīffėreńțiaŧion Ŧempęråmĕňts Critic & humorist Louis M.