DOCSLIB.ORG

The Recreational and Cultural Value of Nature on Saba 3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Recreational and Cultural Value of Nature on Saba 3 The Economics of Ecosystems The recreational and Biodiversity on Saba and cultural value of nature on Saba 2 The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity on Saba The recreational and cultural value of Saba’s nature This study is part The Challenge of “The Economics of Ecosystems Local people call Saba ‘The Unspoiled Queen’, showing how proud Saban residents and Biodiversity are of their history and the ‘unspoiled’ nature of the Caribbean island. However, Netherlands” many human induced pressures such as construction, solid waste and invasive (TEEB NL) study. It is being conducted species threaten the resilience of the ecosystems of the island. It is important for the Caribbean to understand how the people of Saba benefit from nature in order to support Netherlands on behalf of the Dutch Ministry decision-makers in sustainable development. of Economic Affairs. The Approach By researching the Willingnes-To-Pay (WTP) for nature conservation by Saban residents, the benefit that local people derive from their natural resources is quantified. A survey was conducted to determine the value households attribute to the protection of nature on their island. Around 300 households on Saba participated in this valuation survey, and respondents reflected on various issues such as the main threats to nature, the benefits that the natural environment brings, and their usage of the local ecosystems. Results & Recommendations The WTP of the total population of 900 households to maintain the quality of marine and terrestrial ecosystems is estimated at around US$150,000 per year. Residents identified oil spills, solid waste and erosion as the most severe threats facing the natural environment on Saba. Results of the WTP analysis demonstrate that nature plays a crucial role for the residents; threats are seen as a communal problem, signalling the solidarity of the Saban community and its culture. People are willing to pay for improved management of the roaming goats for example. They have requested more communication on nature management policies. The study shows that improvement in nature management will benefit the community by contributing to the island’s economy and its cultural identity. The recreational and cultural value of nature on Saba 3 The Challenge commons,’ because they often lead Research demonstrates to overexploitation and degradation. that nature contributes Worldwide concern is growing about to the wellbeing of the degradation and destruction of the By assigning a value to these systems, Saban people. environment, its ecosystems and biodiversity. environmental economists create an insight Ecosystems and biodiversity contribute to a about the benefits for different stakeholders. wide range of products and services that This enables local governments to intervene enhance human wellbeing. Societies have when the free market fails to coordinate developed in close interaction with the the supply of ecosystem services efficiently surrounding natural environment, which has and equitably by designing appropriate had a significant influence on cultural and mechanisms (e.g. taxes, payment schemes, economic development. Degradation of these property rights etc.). One way to define services would significantly affect human the value of nature is by estimating the wellbeing. The challenge is to find methods “Willingness-to-Pay” (WTP) of communities to accurately measure and value these to maintain their public spaces. ecosystem services, such as public spaces, access to waters, and fish. For example: how much would a person be willing to pay to preserve the natural Most ecosystems are either public or quasi- environment around his or her home? public goods: there are no specific property How much would someone be willing to rights assigned and/or people cannot be pay to improve the coral reefs on his excluded from using them. Such situations island, even if he does not go fishing or are often referred to as ‘a tragedy of the swimming near them? The recreational and cultural value of nature on Saba 4 Figure 1: The Approach Figure 1 Example of a Expected future Option A Option B without extra choice card ‘Ecosystem services’ is a fairly new term, management and is defi ned as “the benefi ts that people Natural obtain from ecosystems” (MEA, 2005). landscape The goal of this study is to put a Excellent Moderate Moderate comprehensive indicator (i.e. a monetary Coastal waters unit) on the value of ecosystem services. Excellent Moderate Moderate Livestock This study applies a recent innovation in management stated preference methodology, the Choice Fenced goats Fenced goats Free roaming goats Modelling (CM) method, for assessing the Saba Bank WTP of Saban residents for the protection and conservation of their natural enviroment. Excellent Good Poor In CM respondents are asked to choose Contibution between different scenarios which have $500 per year $180 per year $0 per year a specifi c set of attributes. The attributes ($40 per month) ($15 per month) ($0 per year) refl ect different aspects of the living environment and can vary in quality. By having a payment vehicle, like a fee as This research created a choice model that one of these attributes, the monetary values refl ects both the marine and terrestrial of each attribute can be indirectly derived. ecosystems. The attributes were chosen Respondents’ choices between the scenarios based on a stakeholder consultation approach refl ect the trade-offs they are wiling to make and the most important ones were concluded between different levels of these attributes, to be the quality of natural landscape, coastal and ultimately lead to the values they assign waters, whether goats are able to roam freely to the ecosystems. CM is based on the theory around the island and the quality of the Saba that the characteristics of goods and services Bank. Nine interviewers conducted surveys drive consumer behaviour. It also gives insight among 300 households, applying not only the into trade-offs that individuals are willing choice experiment, but supporting qualitative to make between different aspects of the questionnaires as well. Figure 1 illustrates one natural environment. of the choice cards used in the experiment. The recreational and cultural value of nature on Saba Country Overview Saba is a small Caribbean island located in the Leeward region covering an area of 13 km2 and is home to approximately 2,000 permanent inhabitants. Since 2010, Saba has been part of the Netherlands as a ‘public entity’. The island consists mainly of a non-active volcano called ‘Mount Scenery’, which is the highest point in the Netherlands at 877 metres. Because of the local microclimate, a rare ‘Elfin forest’ is found on top of Mount Scenery. Saba’s natural environment contains unique biodiversity including some endemic species, e.g. the Saban Anole and the Saba Least Gecko. The tourism industry is largely focused on recreational activities in the natural environment: diving, snorkelling and hiking. The Saba Conservation Foundation (SCF), established in 1987, is responsible for the management of the Saban National Marine Park and the various hiking trails around the island. The Saba Bank, one of the largest atolls in the world with an area of 2000 km2, is located approximately 3 to 5 km southwest of Saba. It contains rare and unique species such as turtles, sharks, lobsters, whales and different types of coral. Fish and lobster stocks on the Saba Bank are targeted by fishermen. The recreational and cultural value of nature on Saba 6 Figure 2: Results Figure 2 The monthly $1.51 Willingness-To-Pay Analysis of the survey shows that the annual $3.13 (WTP) per month willingness to pay to improve the overall $2.21 per household natural environments by all households on Saba is approximately $150,000. $2.80 $3.44 Several trends emerged, the most important being that 60% of respondents indicated that they are in principle willing to pay for protection of the natural environment. For households that opted out, the most Total WTP: $13 common reasons were that they were ASC not able to afford the fees and a lack of Quality of coastal waters confi dence that any money collected for Natural landscape ecosystem conservation will be used Quality of the Saba Bank effectively. The most popular recreational Free roaming goat management ecosystem services are “hiking”, “swimming” and going to the “beach”. Culturally, residents also make use of the natural environment by within fi gure 2 and forming part of the WTP using local plants for medicinal and cooking calculation represents the preference of purposes. The greatest perceived and respondents to avoid the “expected future identifi ed threats by residents are: without extra management” scenario and 1) oil spills, 2) solid waste and 3) erosion. opt for one of the alternative management scenarios. Basically a positive ASC explains The highest WTP is related to the quality that people value and thus have a preference of coastal waters, which might refl ect for the management of nature that is not the much-valued identity of being the explained by the limiting set of attributes ‘Unspoiled Queen of the Caribbean’ and the included in the choice experiment. understanding of its importance to the largest economic sector on the island: tourism and in particular because Saba is focusing on Recommendations the island being tourism. This is particular important because Saba is focusing on The results of the survey demonstrate that ecotourism as a selling point. This attribute the natural environment plays a crucial role includes the quality of the coral reef and for families on Saba. Threats are seen as a water clarity, which are essential aspects communal problem, signalling the solidarity for snorkeling and diving. Additionally, of the Saban community. Efforts should be Saba has a history of fi shermen and sailors. made to create a combination of economic development and the capacity of natural The Saba Bank is important for Saba, resources to support social and economic although it might have a lower perceived development.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State of Nature in the Dutch Caribbean: Saba and the Saba Bank
    State of Nature in the Dutch Caribbean: Saba and the Saba Bank Open sea and deep sea (EEZ) Figure 1: Habitats of Saba (Verweij & Mücher, 2018) Wageningen Research recently published fields underwater, Saba is rich with a variety an alarming report on the state of nature of different habitats. Unfortunately, the for the three Dutch Caribbean islands recent Wageningen Research report shows (Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius), com- that many of these areas, both above missioned by the Ministry of Agriculture, and below water, are showing signs of Nature and Food Quality. All 33 experts degradation. that worked on this report concluded that the “Conservation status 1 of the Governments are beginning to understand biodiversity in the Caribbean Netherlands that managing nature goes beyond just is assessed as moderately unfavorable to protecting natural assets, but can also very unfavorable”. help promote positive economic growth (Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2013). Saba and St. Eustatius are two special mu- Protecting the environment means pro- nicipalities which make up the Caribbean tecting the services they provide such as Netherlands leeward islands. Saba con- natural coastal protection and recreational sists of the main island, Saba, and a large use for locals and tourists (de Knegt, 2014). submerged carbonate platform, the Saba TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Bank. The Saba Bank is the largest national Biodiversity) recently valued the annual park in the Kingdom of the Netherlands total economic value of nature on Saba at (Saba Bank: 268.000 hectares; Wadden 28.4 million USD (Cado van der Lely et al., Sea 240.000 hectares), and has some of the 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4: Saba in the Documentary Record
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/45747 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Espersen, R. Title: “Better than we”: landscapes and materialities of race, class, and gender in pre- emancipation colonial Saba, Dutch Caribbean Issue Date: 2017-02-09 Page | 47 Chapter 4: Saba in the Documentary Record This chapter outlines the processes involved in documentary research, and outlines the colonial history of Saba, from first sightings by Europeans to the early twentieth century, with the abandonment of Middle Island and Palmetto Point. A significant proportion of the history recounted herein is derived from original archival and historical newspaper research by the author, which is indicated by references to archive locations and their indexes that do not include an adjoining secondary source reference. In particular, it focuses on the oral and documentary history concerning free and enslaved Sabans of African descent. This includes the first arrival of enslaved Africans to the island, the rise and fall of the plantation economy, the emergence of free Sabans of African descent, laws pertaining to the institution of slavery, emancipation as it occurred on Saba in 1863, and its aftermath. The sources and their history A wide variety of sources were employed throughout this research in several collections worldwide. The most important sources for seventeenth and eighteenth colonial documents have been the Calendar of State Papers through the British National Archives (herein abbreviated to the BNAr), and the Dutch National Archives in The Hague (herein abbreviated to DNAr). The National Archives of Curaçao (herein abbreviated to the NArC) holds two important collections of correspondence between Lt.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Assessment of the Commercial Fishery of Saba Bank Wes Toller
    Assessment of the Commercial Fishery of Saba Bank Wes Toller and Shelley Lundvall Saba Conservation Foundation Saba, Netherlands Antilles February 29, 2008 Executive Summary The commercial fishery of Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles, was assessed for six months from June 1 through November 30, 2007, by conducting port sampling interviews with Saban commercial fishermen to obtain information on fishing effort, gear usage, landings and species composition of catches. Results from our survey are compared to previous studies to provide an updated assessment of the Saba Bank commercial fishery. The fishery can be summarized as follows. A small fishing fleet of approximately ten vessels operates from Fort Bay, Saba Island, and conducts small-scale commercial fishing on Saba Bank. Saban commercial fishermen may participate in either or both of two distinct types of fisheries: a lobster trap fishery and a “redfish” trap fishery. The two trap fisheries account for almost all commercial landings while other fishing methods (e.g. hook & line) make only a minor contribution to total landings from Saba Bank. Specific patterns of effort, landings and catch composition are identified within each trap fishery. Lobster trap fishing is the more prevalent and economically significant Saba Bank fishery. Lobster catch rate is 0.84 lobster per trap-haul and 184 pounds per trip. Catch rates vary significantly with season. Projected annual lobster landings are 184,000 lbs (83.6 mt) with an ex- vessel value of US $1.3 million per year. The lobster trap fishery also harvests a diversity of “mixed fish” (shallow water reef fishes). Average catch rate of mixed fish is 0.5 pounds per trap- haul and 37.8 pounds per trip, with projected annual mixed fish landings of 37,700 pounds (17.1 mt) at an ex-vessel value of US $68,700 per year.
    [Show full text]
  • Priorities in Management Implementation for Marine Mammal Conservation in the Saba Sector of the Yarari Sanctuary
    Priorities in management implementation for marine mammal conservation in the Saba sector of the Yarari sanctuary Authors: A.O. Debrot, J.E. Tamis, D. de Haan, M. Scheidat, J.T. van der Wal Wageningen University & Research Report C097/17 Priorities in management implementation for marine mammal conservation in the Saba sector of the Yarari sanctuary Author(s): A.O. Debrot, J.E. Tamis, D. de Haan, M. Scheidat, J.T. van der Wal Publication date: 30th November 2017 This research project was carried out by Wageningen Marine Research at the request of and with funding from the Ministry of Economic Affairs for the purposes of Policy Support Research Theme ‘Caribbean Netherlands' (project no. BO-11-019.02-054). Wageningen Marine Research Den Helder, November 2017 Wageningen Marine Research report C097/17 A.O. Debrot, J.E.Tamis, D. de Haan, M. Scheidat, J.T. van der Wal, 2017. Priorities in management implementation for marine mammal conservation in the Saba sector of the Yarari sanctuary. Wageningen, Wageningen Marine Research (University & Research centre), Wageningen Marine Research report C097/17. 103 pp. Keywords: Yarari, Caribbean, marine mammal, sanctuary, management, priorities. Client: Ministry of LNV (Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality) Attn.: Paul C. Hoetjes, Policy Coordinator Nature P.O. Box 20401, 2500 EK The Hague, The Netherlands BO-11-019.02-054 This report can be downloaded for free from https://doi.org/10.18174/428169 Wageningen Marine Research provides no printed copies of reports. Wageningen Marine Research is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Photo cover: Dr. Mark Vermeij © 2016 Wageningen Marine Research Wageningen UR Wageningen Marine Research The Management of Wageningen Marine Research is not responsible for resulting institute of Stichting Wageningen damage, as well as for damage resulting from the application of results or Research is registered in the Dutch research obtained by Wageningen Marine Research, its clients or any claims traderecord nr.
    [Show full text]
  • Mt. Scenery National Park the Kingdom of the Netherlands
    UNITED NATIONS EP United Nations Environment Original: ENGLISH Program Proposed areas for inclusion in the SPAW list ANNOTATED FORMAT FOR PRESENTATION REPORT FOR: Mt. Scenery National Park The Kingdom of the Netherlands Date when making the proposal : 10/10/2018 CRITERIA SATISFIED : Ecological criteria Cultural and socio-economic criteria Representativeness Cultural and traditional use Conservation value Socio-economic benefits Rarity Naturalness Critical habitats Diversity Area name: Mt. Scenery National Park Country: Kingdom of the Netherlands Contacts Last name: HOETJES First name: Paul Focal Point Position: Policy Coordinator Nature Email: [email protected] Phone: (+599) 781 0206 Last name: WULF First name: Kai Manager Position: Parks Manager, Saba Conservation Foundation Email: [email protected] Phone: (+599) 416 5750 SUMMARY Chapter 1 - IDENTIFICATION Chapter 2 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Chapter 3 - SITE DESCRIPTION Chapter 4 - ECOLOGICAL CRITERIA Chapter 5 - CULTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRITERIA Chapter 6 - MANAGEMENT Chapter 7 - MONITORING AND EVALUATION Chapter 8 - STAKEHOLDERS Chapter 9 - IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM Chapter 10 - OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION ANNEXED DOCUMENTS • Map of Mt. Scenery National Park and landscape ecological vegetation map of Saba • Management plan for Mt. Scenery National Park • lsland Ordinance National Park Mt. Scenery and protection of animal and plant species and artefacts Chapter 1. IDENTIFICATION a - Country: Kingdom of the Netherlands b - Name of the area: Mt. Scenery National Park c - Administrative region: Saba, Caribbean Netherlands d - Date of establishment: 18/9/2018 e - If different, date of legal declaration: not specified f - Geographic location Longitude X: - 63°14'20.00"W Latitude Y: 17°38'5.00"N g - Size: 3.4 sq.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Wave Observations Off Saba Bank
    fmars-05-00528 January 8, 2019 Time: 18:7 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 10 January 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00528 Internal Wave Observations Off Saba Bank Hans van Haren*, Gerard Duineveld and Furu Mienis Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, Den Burg, Netherlands The deep sloping sides of Saba Bank, the largest submarine atoll in the Atlantic Ocean, show quite different internal wave characteristics. To measure these characteristics, two 350 m long arrays consisting of primary a high-resolution temperature T-sensor string and secondary an acoustic Doppler current profiler were moored around 500 m water depth at the northern and southern flanks of Saba Bank for 23 days. We observed that the surrounding density stratified waters supported large internal tides and episodically large turbulent exchange in up to 50 m tall overturns. However, an inertial subrange was observed at frequencies/wavenumbers smaller than the mean buoyancy scales but not at larger than buoyancy scales, while near-bottom non-linear turbulent bores were absent. The latter reflect more open-ocean than steep sloping topography internal wave turbulence. Both the Banks’ north-side and south-side slopes are locally steeper ‘super- critical’ than internal tide slope angles. However, the three times weaker north-side slope Edited by: showed quasi-mode-2 semidiurnal internal tides, not high-frequency solitary waves Zhiyu Liu, Xiamen University, China occurring every 12 h, over the range of observations, centered with dominant near- Reviewed by: inertial shear around 150 m above the bottom. They generated the largest turbulence Xiaohui Xie, when touching the bottom and providing off-bank flowing turbid waters.
    [Show full text]
  • KLUB ZDOBYWCÓW KORONY EUROPY Szczyty Według Wysokości Str
    KLUB ZDOBYWCÓW KORONY EUROPY Szczyty według wysokości str. 1 Szczyt występuje w: Korona Korona Korona Wysokość m Korona Korona Korona L.P. Państwo Korona Korona Unii Górskich Korona Gór Gór Korona Suma n.p.m. Karpat Karpat Pirenejów WKT Europy Europejskiej Łańcuchów Alp 1 Dynarskich Dynarskich Polski 1 2 1 Nazwa szczytu Europy 1 2 2 Wzgórze Watykańskie 75 Watykan x 1 3 Chemin des Révoires 161 Monako x x 2 47 Mollehoj 171 Dania x 1 4 Ta' Dmejrek 253 Malta x x 2 5 Wysoka Góra (Aukštójas) 294 Litwa x x 2 6 Gaizinkalns 312 Łotwa x x 2 7 Suur Munamägi 317 Estonia x x 2 8 Vaalserberg 322 Holandia x 1 9 Góra Dzierżyńska 345 Białoruś x 1 10 Dealul Bălăneşti 428 Mołdawia x 1 68 Buschberg 491 Austria x 1 11 Jurmysz (bezimienny) 509 Kazachstan x 1 12 Kneiff 560 Luksemburg x x 2 13 Signal de Botrange 694 Belgia x x 2 14 Monte Titano 739 San Marino x 1 15 Slættaratindur 880 Dania x 1 63 Írott-kő 883 Węgry x 1 48 Mount Scenery 888 Holandia x 1 16 Kékes 1014 Węgry x x x 3 17 Mahya Dağı 1031 Turcja x 1 18 Carrantuohill 1038 Irlandia x x 2 19 Halti 1324 Finlandia x x 2 69 Lysá Hora 1324 Czechy x 1 20 Ben Nevis 1345 Wielka Brytania x 1 64 Stolica 1476 Słowacja x 1 70 Šiljak 1565 Serbia x 1 21 Śnieżka 1603 Czechy x x x 3 54 Jezerski Vrh 1660 Czarnogóra x 1 65 Babia Góra 1725 Polska x 1 55 Vaganski Vrh 1758 Chorwacja x 1 56 Sveti Jure 1762 Chorwacja x 1 KLUB ZDOBYWCÓW KORONY EUROPY Szczyty według wysokości str.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynastinae of the Island of Saba, Dutch Caribbean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Conrad P
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2015 The Dynastinae of the island of Saba, Dutch Caribbean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Conrad P. D. T. Gillett University of East Anglia, [email protected] Michael P. T. Gillett Saba University School of Medicine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Gillett, Conrad P. D. T. and Gillett, Michael P. T., "The Dynastinae of the island of Saba, Dutch Caribbean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" (2015). Insecta Mundi. 938. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/938 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0433 The Dynastinae of the island of Saba, Dutch Caribbean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Conrad P. D. T. Gillett School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom Michael P. T. Gillett Department of Biochemistry Saba University School of Medicine The Bottom, Saba, Dutch Caribbean Date of Issue: July 24, 2015 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Conrad P. D. T. Gillett and Michael P. T. Gillett The Dynastinae of the island of Saba, Dutch Caribbean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Insecta Mundi 0433: 1–9 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B5F53E47-00E9-461C-9E14-C8206B9F335A Published in 2015 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod.
    [Show full text]
  • Saba National Marine Park the Kingdom of the Netherlands
    UNITED NATIONS EP United Nations Original: ENGLISH Environment Program Proposed areas for inclusion in the SPAW list ANNOTATED FORMAT FOR PRESENTATION REPORT FOR: Saba National Marine Park The Kingdom of the Netherlands Date when making the proposal : 7/7/14 CRITERIA SATISFIED : Ecological criteria Cultural and socio-economic criterias Representativeness Productivity Conservation value Cultural and traditional use Rarity Socio-economic benefits Naturalness Critical habitats Diversity Connectivity/coherence Resilience Area name: Saba National Marine Park Country: The Kingdom of the Netherlands Contacts Last name: HOETJES First name: Paul Focal Point Position: Policy Coordinator Nature Email: [email protected] Phone: (+599) 715 83 08 Last name: Wulf First name: Kai Manager Position: Manager Email: [email protected] Phone: 5994163295 SUMMARY Chapter 1 - IDENTIFICATION Chapter 2 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Chapter 3 - SITE DESCRIPTION Chapter 4 - ECOLOGICAL CRITERIA Chapter 5 - CULTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRITERIA Chapter 6 - MANAGEMENT Chapter 7 - MONITORING AND EVALUATION Chapter 8 - STAKEHOLDERS Chapter 9 - IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM Chapter 10 - OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION ANNEXED DOCUMENTS Attachment 1 Leeward Islands map Attachment 2 SNMP Management Plan 1999 Attachment 3 Buchan 1998 Saba Report Attachment 4 Economic and social Study Attachment 5 Volcanology Attachment 6 Dr J Rahn Seamount Maps Attachment 7 Tourism Plan Attachment 8 Legislation Attachment 9 Zone maps Attachment 10 Physical resources Attachment 11 Socio economic study Attachment 12 Conservation Species Attachment 13 Marine Mammals Attachment 14 Debrot 2013 Whale Shark observations Attachment 15 Bathymetry Attachment 16 Bak 1977 Coral reef zonation Attachment 17 Important Bird Areas Attachment 18 SCF dive brochure Attachment 19 Integrating economics Attachment 20 Monitoring review Attachment 21 Oil pollution Attachment 22 Status of reefs Attachment 23 CaMPAM capacity assessment 2011 Attachment 24 CARNARI management report.
    [Show full text]
  • Saba's Nature Trails
    Visitor Information Saba Conservation Foundation PO Box 18, The Bottom The Nature of Saba Saba, Netherlands Antilles www.sabapark.org The island of Saba forms part of the inner arc of islands stretching between the Virgin Islands and Venezuela. Saba is located within the Caribbean hurricane belt. The hurricane season starts in July and normally lasts until November. All of these islands are of volcanic origin resulting in an extremely mountainous topography. Saba is Temperature, humidity, and rainfall vary significantly with altitude on high volcanic islands such as Saba. The vegetation varies approximately 13 square kilometers (5 square miles) in area with Mt. Scenery as its highest elevation at 877m within distinctive zones which are also related to altitude and humidity. Several vegetation types exist on the island. Clouds often (2877ft) above sea level. The slopes of the peaks and domes are steep, in some places exceeding 60º. Several cover the top of Mt. Scenery, resulting in cloud-forest vegetation. Slightly lower in a belt where high rainfall occurs, rain-forest valleys or ravines locally known as guts run down the slopes of the mountain. A few level plateau can be vegetation is present. Still lower on the slopes where humidity decreases, the vegetation gradually becomes drier. Plants and trees found, the largest being the valley of The Bottom and Flat Point. found closer to shore often adapt to the salty environment, while species found at higher elevations would not survive at sea level. The average annual rainfall for Saba is about 1,000 mm (40 inch). Precipitation varies depending on elevation and exposure to the eastern trade winds.
    [Show full text]
  • History-Of-Saba-J.-Hartog.Pdf
    i ~ I i : ~ . I . j ' I - HIS~()Ry OF SABA by DR. J. HARTOG C~R 33!l~1 6~~· Saba, you rise from the Ocean, with mountains and hill-sides so steep ... PUBLISHED BY THE SABA ARTISAN FOUNDA TION SABA NETHERLANDS ANTILLES HIS~()Ry OF SABA by DR. J. HARTOG C~R 33!l~1 6~~· Saba, you rise from the Ocean, with mountains and hill-sides so steep ... PUBLISHED BY THE SABA ARTISAN FOUNDA TION SABA NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Indians dwelt on four sites The island of Saba in the Dutch Windward Islands of the Neth- erlands Antilles was first inhabited by Indians. At 2,296 feet above sea level there is a site known as Indian Camp which reminds us of this fact. In the last century arrowheads and spearheads were found there, and from the workmanship we can see that the makers were probably Caribs. Ist printing 1975 lid printing 1982 Busult adze found on Saba. This type of ornamented adze is foulld only in the • I'd printing 1988 Greater Antilles and the Bahamas, so it must have been brought to Saba. The adze is prese.rved in the State Museum of Ethnology in Leyden. The length is 73/4 inches (20 em). This edition has been financed by: Ovcrlegorgaan Kulturele Samenwerking Nederlandse Antillen (OKSNA), In 1858 a basalt adze was found on the island. The then gover- 'uragao. nor, Reinier F. C. van Lansberge, presented this to the Nether- lands Ethnological Museum of Leyden where it is still preserved. Translation by Frank Hassell. In 1923 Professor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch Caribbean Parks
    Dutch Caribbean Parks Island Mgmt. Body Parks Features Fundacion Parke This terrestrial park covers approximately 18% of Aruba and includes rough hills of lava and Nacional Arikok Parke Nacional limestone rocks formed from fossilised coral. The island’s highest hill, Mount Jamanota (188 Aruba Arikok metres/ 617 feet), is within the protected area. The park is home to various species of cacti, Est. 2000 approximately 50 species of trees and is the last refuge of Aruba’s endemic rattlesnake. (3,400 hectares/8,400 acres*) The !rst natural sanctuary in the Dutch Caribbean, this park encompasses almost 19% of Washington Slagbaai the island and includes its highest point, Mount Brandaris. The park is a haven for migra- National Park tory birds, the island’s endemic parrot, and "amingo, iguana and nesting sea turtles. (5,600 Est. 1969 hectares/14,000 acres*) STINAPA Bonaire Bonaire National The park extends around all of Bonaire and Klein Bonaire and encompasses the islands’ con- Bonaire Marine Park tinuous fringing coral reefs, seagrasses and mangroves. The park is home to more than 340 Est. 1979 species of !sh, more than all of the Florida Keys. (2,700 hectares/6,700 acres*) Klein Bonaire An uninhabited satellite island o# Bonaire’s western shore, Klein Bonaire is an important Est. 2000 stopover for migrating birds. Its shores are nesting grounds for the globally endangered Hawksbill and Loggerhead sea turtles. (600 hectares/1,500 acres*) This terrestrial protected area contains rare and endangered species in less disturbed Christo#el Park habitat. Some of Curaçao’s "ora and fauna are found only within its boundaries.
    [Show full text]