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Relations Faune - Flore Dans Le Parc National De Taï: Une Étude Bibliographique ISBN 90-5113-049-X ISSN 1566-6492

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Relations Faune - Flore Dans Le Parc National De Taï: Une Étude Bibliographique ISBN 90-5113-049-X ISSN 1566-6492 Relations Faune - Flore dans le Parc National de Taï: une étude bibliographique ISBN 90-5113-049-X ISSN 1566-6492 2000 Programme Tropenbos–Côte d’Ivoire Tous droits réservés. Toute reproduction, même partielle sous forme de photocopies, de publications ou d’enregistrement électronique ou électromagnétique, à l’exception de citations bibliographiques ou de brèves citations dans des revues, ne peut être faite sans l’accord écrit des auteurs. Dessin de couverture : Duotone / Ponsen en Looijen, Wageningen, Pays-Bas Photo de couverture : Cola digitata (photo Cyrille Chatelain) Imprimé par : Ponsen en Looijen bv, Wageningen, Pays-Bas RELATIONS FAUNE - FLORE DANS LE PARC NATIONAL DE TAÏ : UNE ÉTUDE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE Cyrille Chatelain, Blaise Kadjo, Inza Kone et Johannes Refisch Tropenbos - Côte d’Ivoire Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire 2001 TROPENBOS – CÔTE D’IVOIRE DOCUMENTS Les ‘Tropenbos – Côte d’Ivoire Documents’ publient les résultats de certains projets de recherche effectués dans le cadre du programme Tropenbos - Côte d’Ivoire. Ce programme, qui fait partie du programme général de la Fondation Tropenbos, exécute des activités ciblées sur le Parc National de Taï, localisé dans le Sud-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. L’objectif principal du programme est de contribuer de manière effective à la conservation du Parc National de Taï. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève, Suisse La Fondation Tropenbos, Wageningen, Pays-Bas Le Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire MESRS/DR, Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, Direction de la Recherche. Cette étude a été conduite en partenariat avec le Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique de Genève, la Fondation Tropenbos et le Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre du Plan Pluriannuel de Recherches du Projet Autonome pour la Conservation du Parc National de Taï. L’étude a été financée par la Fondation Tropenbos. Elle a bénéficié du support du Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques et du Bureau Tropenbos Côte d’Ivoire. La publication a été faite sur financement Tropenbos. A Nicolas et Martin, qui garderont certainement un bon souvenir de leurs barbotages dans la Hana et l'Audrénisrou, même s'ils n'ont pas pu voir les crocodiles. TABLE DES MATIERES REMERCIEMENTS AVANT-PROPOS PREFACE RESUME SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 2. LA PROBLEMATIQUE, LES RECHERCHES, LE MILIEU NATUREL..................................................................................... 2 2.1 Etat des recherches dans le Parc National de Taï................................. 2 2.2 Les objectifs de l’étude ......................................................................... .. 5 2.3 L’état de la question sur les relations faune-flore.............................. .. 6 2.3.1 Consommation des plantes par les animaux.................................. 6 2.3.2 Pollinisation................................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Dispersion...................................................................................... 8 2.3.4 Distribution spatiale des espèces animales.................................... 9 2.3.5 Identification de marqueurs......................................................... 10 2.3.6 Endémisme du PNT et espèces en danger.................................... 11 2.4 Le Parc National de Taï: le milieu........................................................ 11 2.4.1 Historique .................................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Données géographiques et climatiques........................................ 12 2.4.3 Relief et sols................................................................................. 12 2.4.4 Végétation .................................................................................... 12 2.4.5 Hydrographie............................................................................... 12 3. METHODOLOGIE .......................................................................................... 13 3.1 Flore........................................................................................................ 13 3.1.1 Inventaire..................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 Caractéristiques des espèces ....................................................... 13 3.1.3 La morphologie des fruits et le mode de dispersion des diaspores................................................................................ 14 3.1.4 Distribution.................................................................................. 15 3.2 Inventaire de la faune............................................................................ 16 3.3 Relations ................................................................................................. 16 4. RESULTATS..................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Synthèse des études sur la faune et ses interactions avec la flore ...... 19 4.1.1 L’avifaune .................................................................................... 21 4.1.2 Les rongeurs ................................................................................ 22 4.1.3 Les chiroptères............................................................................. 23 4.1.4 Les insectivores............................................................................ 26 4.1.5 Les primates................................................................................. 26 4.1.5.1 Cercopithecidae et Colobidae ........................................ 27 4.1.5.2 Pongidae ........................................................................ 29 4.1.6 Les proboscidiens......................................................................... 31 4.1.7 Les ongules .................................................................................. 33 4.1.8 Les carnivores.............................................................................. 35 4.1.9 Les insectes .................................................................................. 37 4.1.10 Discussion.................................................................................... 37 4.2 Synthèse des études sur la flore et ses interactions avec la faune ...... 41 4.2.1 Distribution des espèces et abondance ........................................ 41 4.2.1.1 Répartition spatiale et édaphique................................... 41 4.2.1.2 Répartition spatiale, stratification.................................. 43 4.2.2 Répartition temporelle des resoources: phénologie..................... 45 4.2.3 Caractéristique des fruits et importance du mode de dissémination .......................................................................... 46 4.2.4 Caractéristiques des familles....................................................... 47 5. DISCUSSION GENERALE............................................................................. 61 5.1 Discussion flore ...................................................................................... 61 5.1.1 Diversité floristique et biologie des espèces ................................ 61 5.1.2 Propagation des espèces végétales (réponse question 1).............. 62 5.1.3 Répartition spatiale et phénologie (réponse question 3) .............. 64 5.2 Discussion faune..................................................................................... 65 5.2.1 Régime alimentaire (réponse question 2)..................................... 65 5.2.1.1 Relations oiseaux-flore .................................................. 65 5.2.1.2 Relations primates-flore................................................. 66 5.2.1.3 Relations ruminants (ongulés-flore) .............................. 66 5.2.1.4 Relations rongeurs-flore ................................................ 67 5.2.1.5 Relations chauves-souris-flore....................................... 67 5.3 Discussion sur les relations connues..................................................... 68 5.4 Endémisme et espèces menacées........................................................... 69 5.4.1 Endémisme et flore ...................................................................... 69 5.4.2 Endémisme et faune..................................................................... 70 5.5 Discussion sur le bio-monitoring .......................................................... 70 6. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................... 75 7. REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES........................................................ 77 ANNEXES Annex 1 Description de la base de données faune-flore ........................................ 89 Annex 2 Liste des plantes de Taï............................................................................ 93 Annex 3 Liste des animaux de Taï ....................................................................... 123 Annex 4 Liste faune versus flore.......................................................................... 131 Annex 5 Liste flore versus faune.......................................................................... 147 INDEX ................................................................................................................... 163 REMERCIEMENTS Mes remerciements sont tout d'abord une salutation qui s'adresse à tous les chercheurs qui ont contribué à accumuler les observations sur la
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