BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. PRIMARY SOURCES : a. Unpublished Documents and Files. i) National Archives of India, New Delhi Abstract Intelligence Reports Political Deposit Files with particular reference to Bengal and Assam 1920 - 147 Home Political Fortnightly Reports 1920 - 1947 Home Department Files, 1920 - 47 Home – Public Files, 1874, 1920 - 47 Home – Political Files, 1920 - 47

ii) Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi All India Congress Committee Papers relevant to the period of study i.e. 1940 -1947 The Assam Provincial Congress Committee Papers from 1940 – 1947.

iii) Bangladesh National Archives, . Eastern Bengal and Assam Records 1905 - 1947 Eastern Bengal and Assam Proceedings. 1940 - 1947 Government of Eastern Bengal and Assam Secretariat Files 1940 - 1947 Confidential Records from 1940 – 1947

iv) Assam State Archives and Record Room, Guwahati Political Confidential Proceedings 1937- 1947 Proceedings on Appointment, Education Assam Legislative Assembly Proceedings 1937-1947. Assam Provincial Muslim League Resolutions 1938 - 1947 Files of Educational Department 1912 – 1947 PHA Files 1937 - 1947 b. Published Documents Beverley, H., Report on the Census of Bengal , 1872,Secretariat Press, Calcutta Donnel, C. J. O., Census of India Report , 1891, Vol - II Gait, E. A., Census of India, 1901 , Vol. – VI, The Lower Provinces of Bengal and Their Feudatories, Pt.I, Caclcutta, Bengal Secretariat Press, 1902 Hunter, W.W., A Statistical Account of Assam, Vol.-II, Delhi, 1879 Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series, Eastern Bengal and Assam, Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1909 Lloyd, G.T. Census of India-1921 , Vol.-III, Assam, Part-II, Tables-VIII, Assam Secretariat Printing Office, Shillong, 1923, Mullan, S.C., - Census of India-1931 , Vol.-III, Assam, Part-II, Tables-XIII, Assam, Pub. Govt. of India, Central, Calcutta 1932, Swiney, J. Mc. Census of India-1911 , Vol.-III, Assam, Part-II, Tables-VI, Assam Secretariat Printing Office, Shillong, 1912 Wise, James, ‘The Muhammadan of Eastern Bengal’ published in Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal , No.63, Calcutta, 1894 c. Newspapers: Ananda BazarPatrika, Calcutta, 1940 - 1947 Amrit Bazar Patrika, Calcutta, 1940 - 1947 Assamiya, Guwahati, 1937 - 1947 Morning News, Calcutta, 1940 - 1947 The Jugabheri ,Sylhet, 1936 - 1947 Star of India, Calcutta, 1940 - 1947 Al-Islah,( weekly), Sylhet, 1942 - 1947 Juger Aalo (A Nationalist Bengali Weekly), Sylhet , 1940 - 1947 Surma Upatyaka , Sylhet, 1946 - 1947 (Azad), Dakha, 1940 - 1947 The Dawn, Delhi (Muslim League Paper), 1945 - 1947 The Assam Herald., Sylhet, 1945 - 1947 Assam Tribune, Guwahati, 1940 - 1947 Janashakti, Sylhet, 1920 – 1947 d) Speeches and Pamphlets: Office Diary of Jamia Islamia Dar-ul-Ulum, Dar-ul-Hadith, Kanaighat Constitution of Jamia Islamia Dar-ul-Ulum, Dar-ul-Hadith, Kanaighat Constitution of Qasimul Ulum Madrassa, Lala, Hailakandi Constitution of the Moinul Ulum Mohanpur Madrassa. Land documents of different madrassas. Sylhet Alia Madrassa Development File Proceeding Register of Sylhet Alia Madrassa. Calendar published by the Beani Bazar Senior Kamil Madrassa authority for 2011 with brief introduction of the Madrassa. A manuscript written by Abul Kalam of Vill. Jobainpur, Bhanga, Karimganj A manuscript written by Moin Uddin Laskar, member of Majlish-e-Sura, Dar-ul- Ulum, Banskandi. Birth of Centenary Journal, Government Boys School, Silchar Assam Jamiate Tolaabaye Aarbaya Niyamabali , Estd. Sept. 1937 Amir-e-Hind Sheikul Islam Hussain Ahmad Madani’s Presidential Speech at the 6th Assam Provincial Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind Conference , Sylhet, Nov.25-26, 1938 Sonkipta Porichiti: Bhaga Gulapnagar Arabia Islamia Madrassa, 2010 Speech of Maulana Manirujjaman Islamabadi at the Ulama o Krishak Conference, May 22 – 23, 1939, Chittagong Birth of Centenary Journal, Government Boys School, Silchar, Surma Valley Muslim Conference’s President Mohammad Akram Khan’s Speech, KMSS Pamphlet published from the Bagha Gulapnagar Arabia Islamia Madrassa, 2009 Choudhury, Dewan Nurul Anwar Hussain, “Khilafat Andolone Sylhet”, Unpublished, article, Sylhet, KMSS Hoque, T. K, Nurul, (ed.), Al-Islah, Sylhet, 1373 B.E. Choudhury, Abdul Matin, Assam Pradeshik Muslim Leaguer Niyomaboli, Sylhet, 1938 Ali, Shahed, Pakistan Rupayane Tarun Muslimer Bhumika, Renaissance Book Depo. Sylhet, 1946 e) Interviews: Maulana Jia Uddin Laskar aged about 95 years, Head Maulana of the Madrassa, dated 16-10-2011, Place of interview – office of the Dar-ul-Hadith Ashraful Ulum Madrassa, Ratanpur, Hailakandi.

Maulana Monir Udddin, (65), Secretary cum Head of the Madrassa of Dar-ul- Ulum, Sahabad, place of interview- office of the madrassa, Sahabad, Hailakandi, dated 10-09-2011

Abdul Mannan Laskar, (60) Retired Teacher, former member of the Dar-ul-Ulum Sahabad Managing Committee, place of interview – his residence, Sahabad, Hailakandi

Kamal Uddin Ahmed, Retired Principal, Karimganj College, Karimganj, place of interview – Kamal Uddin Ahmed’s residence, Kanishail, Karimganj, dated 20-10-2008

Maulana Sufian Saheb, (57), Principal, Asimia Title Madrassa, Asimganj, place of interview, office of the Asimia Title madrassa, Asimganj, dated 10-10- 2011 Main Uddin Laskar, Member of Majlish-e-Sura, Dar-ul-Ulum, Banskandi, interview was conducted in his residence at Banskandi Bazar on 18.09.2009 Qari Rahmat Ali (62), Former Teacher of Dar-ul-Ulum, Banskandi, studied in Dar-ul-Ulum Deoband, place of interview- his residence, Nagdirgram, Sonai, Cachar, Assam, dated 05.10.2009

Badrul Islam Barbhuiya (55), a neighbor of Gausia Ahmadia Islamia Madrassa, Algapur, Hailakandi, place of interview – madrassa office, date17.10.2011

Maulana Jalal Uddin Ahmed, (52), Teacher of Gausia Ahmadia Islamia Madrassa, Algapur, Hailakandi, place of interview – Madrassa office, dtd 17.10.2011

Maulana Abdul karim (54), teacher of Moinul Islam Nitainagar Madrassa, place of interview – Madrassa Office, itainagar, Hailakandi dtd.18.10.2011

Maulana Abdur Rahman (63), Head Maulana of the madrassa, date of interview 18.10.2011, place, – office of the Moinul Islam Nitainagar Madrassa

Maulana Motiur Rahman, (70), Head Maulana, Mohammadpur Anuarul Ulum Madrassa, date of interview, 17.10.2011, Place of interview – His Residence, Mohammadpur, Hailakandi.

Maulana Shamsul Islam Khalil (66), Principal, Jamia Tawakkulia Renga Madrassa, Mogla Bazar, Sylhet, place of interview – office of the Jamia Tawakkul Renga Madrassa, Mogla Bazar, Sylhet, dated 28.12.2011

Mr. Abdul Malik Mazumder, former Secretary, Managing Committee of the Madrassa, (45), place of interview, Office of the Qasimul Ulum Madrassa, Lala, Hailakandi, dated.16-10-2011

Mr. Atiq Uddin Choudhury, (50), Secretary, Managing Committee of the Madrassa, (45), place of interview, Office of the Qasimul Ulum Madrassa, Lala, Hailakandi, dated.16-10-2011

Maulana Kabir Ahmed Mazumder (50), Teacher of the Eshatul Ulum Hussainia Madrassa,Dholai, date of interview, 25-09-2011, place of interview – office of the madrassa.

Masman Ali Mazumder , (70) nephew of the land doner of Eshatul Ulum Hussainia Madrassa, Dholai,of date of interview 25.09.2011. place of interview – his residence, Village & P.O. Dholai, Katlichera, Hailakandi.

Ashraf Ali (87), Retired School Teacher, Member of Majlish, Jamia Islamia Arabia Hasnabad Madrassa, place of interview-Hasnabad, Chhatak, Sunamganj, Bangladesh, dated 07-01-2012

Maulana Abdul Khaliq, (73), Retd. Principal of the Al-Jamiatul Arabiatul Islamia, Badarpur, date of interview 10-10-2010, place of interview – his residence, nearby the madrassa, Badarpur.

Maulana Yusuf Ali (56), Principal, Al- Jamiatul Arabiatul Islamia, Badarpur, place of interview – office of the madrassa, date of interview 10.10.2010

Maulana Mustafa Ahmed Choudhury(55), Superintendent, Hailakandi Senior Madrassa, place of interview – office of the Hailakandi Senior Madrassa, date of interview – 17-10-2011

Janab Hamidur Rahman Choudhury, President of the Jamia Lutfa Anuarul Ulum Hamidnagar Madrassa Committee, place of interview – his residence, Baruna, Hamidnagar, Srimangal, Maulvi Bazar, Dated 05-01-2012.

Maulana Tajamul Hussain Laskar (86), Head Maulana of the Qasimul Ulum Arabia Madrassa, place of interview – his residence, Vill. Kanchanpur, Hailakandi, dated 16.09.2011

Hamid Ali (65), Retired Professor, M. C. D. College, Sonai, place of interview – His residence, Lamba Basti, Banskandi, Cachar dated 26.10, 2008

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ii). Bengali: Abdullah, Dr. Mohammad, Rajneetite Bongyo Ulamar Bhumika, IFB, Dhaka, 1995 Afjol, Dr. Mohammad, (et.Al), Habiganj Porikroma, Sampadana Parishad, 1994 Ahmad, Maulana Hussain, Gulshane Madani, Chistia Press, Hailakandi, 2000. Ahmad, Dr. Kamal Uddin, Karimganjer Itihas , Natun Diganta Prakashani, Silchar, 2013 Ahmad, Dr. Mustaqe, Shikhul Islam Saiyed Hussain Ahmed Madani, Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2001 Ajraf, Dewan Mohammad, Sylhete Islam, Anusa Publication, Dhaka, 2003 Aziz, Mohammad Abdul (et. Al), Brihatar Sylhetr Itihas , Vol. – II, Brihattar Sylhet Itihas Pranayan Parishad, Sylhet, 2005 Baaqi, Dr. Mohammad Abdul, Bangladeshe Arbi, Farsi O Urdute Islami Sahitya Charcha, I. F. B., Dhaka, 2005 Banerjee, Rakhal Das, Bangalar Itihas, Vol. II, Dey’s Publication, Calcutta, 1997 Basu, Dr. Shibtapan, Barak Upattakar LokSanskriti Badarpur, 2001 Bhattacharjee, Usha Ranjan, Srihatta Sahitya-Parishat O Patrika, Akshar, Agartala, 2006 Bhattacharjee, Amalendu & Deblaskar, Sanjib, Cacherer Itibritta: Sri Upendra Chandra Guha , Parul Pub. Agartala, 2006 Choudhury, Dewan Nurul Anowar Hussain, Jalalabader Katha Bangla , Dacca, 1997. ______Swadhinata Sangramer Sylhet Dacca, 1996 Choudhury, Achyut Charan Srihatter Itibrtta Vol.-I, edited Sujit Choudhury, Guwahati, 1995 Choudhury, Mustansijur, Anchalik Itihas:Fulbari Aziria Alia Madrassa `published by Mustan Chirur Rahman Choudhury, Sylhet, 1999 Choudhury, Mustansirur Rahman and Choudhury, Fakrul Islam Fulbari: Itihas Kshato Ekti Gram, Sylhet, 1992. Choudhury, Shamsur Rahman, Purba Pakistane Islamer Aalo, Pakistan Pub., Dacca, 1965 Choudhury, Sujit (ed.), Cacharer Itibritta, Asom Prakashan Parishad, Reprint, 1971 Das, Nitai, Pakistan Aandolon O Bangla Kabita, Bangla Academy, Dhaka, 1993 Das, Nishit Ranjan, Swadhinata Sangrame Srihatta-Cachar, Dinkal Press, Silcar, 2006 Dey, Sunil Kanti, Anjumane Ulama Bengali Muslim Samaj 1913-19 Dacca. Hoque, Mohammad Inam Uddin, Bharoter Musalman O Swadhinata Aandolan, Bangla Academy, Dhaka, 2009 Hoque, Dr. Mohammad Anamul, Purba Pakistane Islam, Rajshahi College, 1948. Hoque, Nurul, Harano Diner Smrity: Amar Sahitya Jibon, (An autobiography), Sylhet, 1994 Islam, Saiful, Assam O Maulana Bhasani Ebong Line Protha-Bangal Kheda, Bartoman Somoy, Dhaka, 2003. Islam, Syed Amirul, Bangladesh O Islam, Jatiya Grantha Prakashani, Dhaka, 1999 Islam, Maulana Tajul, Chalaman Jalalabad: Islami Renaissance Ananya Jaara, Vol.-I, Protiggan Shahitwa Forum, Sylhet, 2004 Jahan, Dr. Iffat Jahan, Sylhet Arthoneeti O Samaj, Utso Publication, Dhaka, 2010 Jalil, Maulana Abdul, Shaiqul Hadith Shaiqul Musharekh Hajrat Maulana Masaddar Alir Jeeban Charita: Ekti Jeeban Ekti Aaluk-Bartika Aal Koran and Aal Hadith Foundation, printed at Silchar, 2008 . Kairi, Sanat Kumar, Cachharher Nana Itihas, Puja Pub., Silchar, 2013 Kamal, Mohammad Mustafa, British Birudhi Aandolone Shrihatta, Ittadi Pub., Dhaka, 2010 Kamal, Syed Mustafa, Sylheter Referendum O Jana Pratinidhi, Renaissance Pubication, Sylhet, 2003 Karim, Abdul, Muslim Banglar Itihas O Aitijya, Kakali Publication, Dhaka, 2002 Karim, Md. Abdul, Sultani Amole Bangladeshe Madrassa Shikhar Utpatti O Bikash, Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2002 Karmakar, Mihir, Bongo-Bhonger Shotoborsho Smorone: Anyo Itihas, Lekha, Kolkata, 2006 Khan, K. M. Firoz, (Trans.), Pakistan Aandolon: Aitihasik Dalilpatra, Khan Br. & Co., Dhaka, 2008 Khan, M. Abid Ali, Gaur O Panduar Smritikatha, I. F. B., Dhaka, 2009 Khan, Maulana Mohiuddin & Maulana Mohammad Safiullah, Hayate Maolana Hussain Ahmed Madani, Ashrafia, Dhaka, 1996 Mamun, Muntasir, Unish Shatake Bangladesher Sangbad-Samayikpatra Volume – X, Ananya, Dhaka 2006 ______- Unish Shatake Bangladesher Sangbad-Samayikpatra Volume – XIII, Ananya, Dhaka 2008 Qasimi, Maulana Tayeeb, Dar-ul-Ulum, Banskandi , Silchar, 2000 Rohim, Mohammad Abdur, Ahmad, Sarkar Sahabuddin, Majid, Abdul , Ek Aalokito Byaktitto: Munaowar Ali, Sampadana Parishad, Dhaka, 2007 Roy, Debashis, 1942 er Bharot Charo Aandolone Shrihatta-Cacharer Abadan: Ek Samikha, Towards Freedom, Kolkata, 2012 Roy M. N. Islamer Aitihasik Obodhan, Mallik Brothers, Calcutta, 1992 Taher, Maulana Mohammad, Madani Charita, Mallik Brothers, Calcutta 1998 Sattar, Abdus, Aliya Madrassas Itihas, I. F. B., Dhaka, 2006 Sattar, Dr. Md. Abdus, Bangladeshe Madrassa Sikha O Samaj Jibane Taar Probhab, Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2004 Shamsuddin, Abul Kalam, Palashi teke Pakistan, Khushrej Kitab Mahal, Dhaka, 2000 Siddiki, Mufti Azhar Uddin Ahmad, Shrihatte Islamer Jyoti, Kotha, Kolkata, 2010 Syed, Dr. Ahsan, Bangladeshe Hadith Charcha: Utpatti O Kromobikash, Ekushe Book Fair, Dhaka, 2006 Uddin, Dr. A. Y. M., Nasher Uddin, Islami Shikhar Prosar O Unnayon: Prakhit Bangladesh, Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2005

iii). Urdu/Arabic: (through translators) . Qasimi, Maulana Tayeeb, Dar-ul-Ulum, Deobond Ki Sad Salah Zindegi Vol.- I, II, Deoband, 1968 Madani, Hussain Ahmed, Hamara Hindustan Aur Uske Fazail, Al-Jamiat Deoband, 1941 ------, Naqsh-i-Hayat, Vol. II, Deoband, 1954 Miyan, Sayed Mohammad, Jamiat Ulama Hind Kya Hai, Vol.- I and II, Publication Division (UP), Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, Delhi ------, Ulama-i-Haq Aur Unke Mujahedana Karname, Kutubkhanah-i-Fakhriya, Muradabad, 1946 ------, Asiran-i-Malta, Al Jamiat Book Depot, 1976

b). Articles: i) English Alvi, Hamza, “Misreading Partition Road Signs ”, published in ‘ Economic and Political Weekly’ Vol. – 37, No. 44/45 (Nov. 2-15, 2002), pp, 4515-4517 Bandyopadhyay, D, “Madrasa Education and the Condition of Indian Muslims” in Economic and Political Weekly , Vol. 37, No. 16 (Apr. 20-26, 2002), pp. 1481-1484 Dasgupta, Anindita, ‘Remembering Sylhet: A Forgotten Story of India’s 1947 Partition’, published in ‘Economic and Political Weekly’, August 2, 2008 Islam, Prof. Zafarul, “Origin of Madrasahs in India Predate Muslim Period”, in The Milli Gazette, Nov. 1 – 15, New Delhi, 2010 Laskar, Mahbubur Rahman, “Advent of Islam in Barak Valley” published in Sitara-i-Subah, Vol.-III, Department of Persian, Gurucharan College, Silchar, 2013 Mazumder, Abul Hussain, “Madrasa Education in Barak Valley: A Short Account of Historical Perspective” Published in Neda-e-Din a monthly journal published from Badarpur, Karimganj, Sept.2006 Mehrotra, S. R., “The Congress and The Partition of India”, in C. H. Philips and Mary Doreen Wainright (eds.), The Partition of India Policies and Perspectives 1935 – 1947, published by George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, pp, 188-244 Rahman, M. H., ‘Muslims in Assam’, published in The Milli Gazette, New delhi August 16-31, 2012 Singh, Anita Inder, “The Success of the Muslim League: June 1945 to March 1946” in Kaushik Roy (ed.) Partition of India: Why 1947?, OUP, New Delhi, 2012, pp.199-221 Zaidi, Z. H., “Aspects of the Development of Muslim League Policy, 1937 – 47” in C. H. Philips and Mary Doreen Wainright (eds.), The Partition of India Policies and Perspectives 1935 – 1947, published by George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, pp, 245-275

ii) Bengali : Ahmed, Qari Mohd. Jubair (Ed.), “Achchakib”, magazine published from Matiura Bazar Darul Ulum Hafizia Madrassa, 2009, Sylhet, Bangladesh Ali, Sayad Murtaja, Bangla Academy Patrika, Chaitra, Dhaka, 1368 B.E. Alom, Dr. A. K. M, Nurul, “Shikkhabid Abu Nasar Wahid: Jibon O Karma”, published in Islamic Foundation papers, 46 th Years, 4 th Edition, April-June 2007. Choudhuri, Abdus Sahid, “Uttar Purba Bharoter Sarba Brihat Dini Siksha Kendra” Published in “Samayik Prashanga Patrika ” from Silchar, October 15, 2003. Choudhury, Maulana Siddikullah, “Paschimbongo Rajya Jamiiat Ulema-e-Hind: Bharoter Swadhinata Songrame Muslim Monishider Ujjal Adhyai 1931- 1947”, Bengali booklet published by Paschimbongo Rajya Jamiiat Ulema- e-Hind, Kolkata, 2005 Amin, Maulana Ruhul (ed.), “Sunnat-al-Jamat”, Vol.-II, mouthpiece of Jamiat Ulema-e-Bangla, Calcutta, Jan.-Feb., 1939 Musabbir, Maulana Abdul, “Sylhet Sarkari Alia Madrassar Atit o Bartaman: Ekti Parjaluchana” in Mohammad Najrul Islam and others (ed.) Kamil Samaponi Smarak 2010, Srithi, Published by the students of the Madrassa, Jinda Bazar, Sylhet, 2010 Choudhury, Monir Uddin, “Itihas Kotha Koy”, an article published in Dainik Jalalabad, published from Sylhet, dated June, 2, 1986 Hoque, Maulana Sirajul, “Assam Pradeshik Jamiat Ulemar 6 th Adhibeshan”, published by Assam Provincial Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, Sylhet, 1938 Uddin, Maulana Asab, “Al Jamia Prosonge Kichu Kotha”, in Al-Misbah, souvenir published from Al-Jamiatul Arabiatul Islamia, Badarpur during 2008-09 Session. Custers, Peter, “Maulana Bhasani and the Transition to Secular Politics in ”, published in ‘The Indian Economic and Social Histoory Review’, 47, 2, (2010): 231-59 SAGE,

c). Unpublished Thesis and Dissertations: Ahsan, Rana Razzaque, Some Aspects of Bengali Muslim Social Political Thought 1918 – 1947, Deptt. of History, Dhaka University, 1997 Bhattacharjee, Manjulika, Nationalist Movement in The Cachar Valley 1857-1947, Department of History, NEHU, Shillong, 1990. Begum, Umme Salema, General Education and Madrassa Education with Special Reference to Bangladesh , Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Islamic Studies, Dhaka University, 2002 Choudhury, Afsaruddin Y. Terrorist Activities and the Freedom Struggle in Assam: 1904-1946, Department of History, NEHU, Shillong, 1983. Hoque, Samsul, Arabic Studies in Barak Valley since India’s Independence with Special Reference to Syllabi, ( Unpublished M. Phil. Dissertation) Assam University, Silchar, 2006 Latif, Mohammad Abdul, The Role of Ulama in Bengal Politics 1906 – 1947, Ph.D. Thesis, Dhaka University, 1997 Mazumder, Habibullah, Nationalist vs. Communalist: A Study of Politics of the Muslims in Assam (1920-47), Ph. D. Thesis, Assam University, Silchar, 2007 Nahar, Shamsun, Banglar Musalmander Rajnaitik Chetonar Ummesh o Bikashe Songbaad Samayik Potrer Bhumika 1906 – 1947”, Bengali Ph.D. Thesis, Department ofHistory, Dhaka University, 2002. Nandy, Monolina (Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis), Role of Congress in Barak Valley During Pre-Indipendence Period Department of Political Science, NEHU, Shillong, 1991. Paul, Choudhury Sanghamitra (Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis), Sylhet Referendum –1947 Department of History, NEHU, Shillong, 1992

III) Internet sources:

Ahmed, Farooque, “Foundation of Manipuri Muslim History”, dated 11.08.2002 Choudhury, Abdul Munim, ‘Reflections on Islamization in Bengal’, published in Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology, Vol.-8, 2011,

Hanifa, Dr. Abu Hanifa, “Muslims of Brahmaputra Valley in Assam: A Historical Perspective”, < https://indianfolklore.org/journals/index/php.Ish/download/498/580 > 2008 Khan, Bazlur Rahman, “Madrassa Education System : South Assam”, Dated 9.9.2008 Sikand, Yoginder, “The Indian State and the Madrassa ”, Dated, October 2, 2001 Upadhyay, R, “South Asia Analysis Group Madrassa education in India”, dated 02.07.2003