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The Educational Movements in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Special Reference to Anjuman-I-Islahul Afaghina: (1901-1947)

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The Educational Movements in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Special Reference to Anjuman-I-Islahul Afaghina: (1901-1947) THE EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENTS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANJUMAN-I-ISLAHUL AFAGHINA: (1901-1947) By: MUHAMMAD SOHAIL Ph.D. Scholar INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR DECEMBER, 2015 THE EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENTS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANJUMAN-I-ISLAHUL AFAGHINA: (1901-1947) A thesis submitted to the Institute of Education & Research, University of Peshawar in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION DECEMBER, 2015 APPROVAL SHEET Title of thesis: The Educational Movements in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Special Reference to Anjuman-i-Islahul Afaghina: (1901- 1947) Name of Student: Muhammad Sohail Accepted by the Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education, with specialization in Educational Administration. VIVA VOCE COMMITTEE Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Peshawar Director Institute of Education and research, University of Peshawar External Examiner Supervisor Member ANTI PLAGIARISM TEST CERTIFICATE FORWARDING SHEET The thesis in title The Educational Movements in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Special Reference to Anjuman-i-Islahul Afaghina: (1901-1947) submitted by Mr. Muhammad Sohail, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education has been completed under my guidance and supervision. I am satisfied with the quality of this research work. Dated: (Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Inamullah) (Supervisor) i DECLARATION I, Muhammad Sohail, Roll No. 04, a student of Ph.D, at Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar, do hereby solemnly declare that the thesis titled The Educational Movements in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Special Reference to Anjuman-i-Islahul Afaghina: (1901-1947), submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education, is my original work, except where otherwise acknowledged in the text and has not been submitted or published earlier and shall not in future, be submitted by me for obtaining any degree from this or any other university of institution. Dated: Muhammad Sohail ii In the Name of ALLAH The Most Merciful, and the Most Compasionate. Dedication This Humble effort is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Ihsan Ali (S.I) Who Pragmatically Sustained the Vision of Bacha Khan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researcher is highly indebted to his supervisor Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Inamullah, whose valuable guidance, encouragement, inspiration, close supervision and untiring efforts helped in timely completion of this strenuous task. The teachers in the IER, University of Peshawar, equally deserve the attribution, particularly Dr. Munir Ahmed Syed, Dr. Amjid Ruba, Dr. Arshad Ali, Dr. Muhammad Neman and Dr. Abdul Rauf. The mentor of this research is Dr. Syed Waqar Ali Shah, Chairman, Department of History, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad. Dr. Fazli Rahim Marwat, VC, Bacha Khan University and Dr. Asrar Khattak, VC, City University, Peshawar intrinsically motivated to this hard task. Dr. Abdul Rauf, department of Political Science, UO Peshawar and Dr. Taj Muharram, Chairman, department of History, UO Peshawar, helped in directing towards the research cycle. The researcher tributes to Mr. Asfandyar Durrani the PhD scholar, department of history, UO Peshawar who helped in collection of data. Dr. Abdul Karim, University of Hawaii, United States of America, provided in-depth information regarding the educational movement of the Khudai Khidmatgars. My special thanks are due to the Pashtu writers and poets who helped me in gathering the ‘Pakhtun’ journal before partition. They include Dr. Zubair Hasrat, Pakhtunkhwa study Centre, Bacha Khan University, Jauhar Ali Khalil of village Regi Peshawar, Mian v Wakil Shah Faqir Khel of Mardan and Munnawar Farman Ex MPA. I am thankful to Nigar Ali Khan, Sajjad Afridi, Saeed Khan in the Directorate of Archives and libraries, Peshawar, to allow me extra time and access than deserved. The staff of the Bacha Khan Research Centre, Peshawar deserve more than enough thanks for providing me every material needed. They include Mr. Zalan Momand, Zahid Buneri, Ihsanullah and Rehmat Shah Sayal. The tour of Afghanistan and India for data collection were sponsored by the Bacha Khan, chair, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, for the attribution, I have no words to express. My special thanks are due to Mr, Ahrar Hussain, department of education, Jamia Millia, Delhi and Ustad Abdullah Bakhtani in Kabul. I am grateful to the ex- students of Azad High School Utmanzai, who were approached so many times for interviews, always found jubilant. They include the key informants Dr. Jehanzeb Niaz, Mr. Dost Muhammad Khan and Abdul Majeed, deceased. Muhammad Aurangzeb Utmanzai, Muhammad Nawaz Khan and Mumlikat Bibi of village Wardaga Charsadda, Naheed Akhtar of village Rajjar, Gul Wahid Utmanzai, Zakirullah Utmanzai, Mir Wais Khan Utmanzai, Alam Khan Utmanzai, Ali Bahadar Utmanzai, Syed Muhmmad Tariq Utmanzai, Ayub Jan Khan Utmanzai and Nisar Muhammad Mirzagan Charsadda helped me in exploring the reality of the Anjuman-i- Islahul Afaghina. vi Mr. Tilawat Shah, Director Libraries in the Provincial Assembly Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Roohul Amin in the Peshawar High Court extended full cooperation to see and check the Assembly proceedings. Salim Raz and Faseehuddin in the Peshawar Research library, Warsak road, Peshawar helped generously to consult books and other material. Col (R) Sher Shah, Dr. Jehanzeb Khalil, AWKUM, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Irshadullah, AWKUM, Dr. Amir Zaman, AWKUM and Muhammad Idrees, AWKUM, deserves exceptional thanks that help me out during my study. Jamshid Iqbal of Fazli Haq College Mardan contributed in one of the Azad School in preserving its record. Khan Zaman Kakar, Noorul Amin Yousafzai and Behroz Khan of VOA Deewa Radio, through their discussions explored the rich contribution of the literary services by the Khudai Khidmatgar movement. The staff and librarians of the Tribal Research Center, Peshawar, Islamia College University, Peshawar, National documentation center, Islamabad, National Archives, Lahore, libraries in the Area study center, Department of History, Political Science, Pakistan Study Center, University of Peshawar provided all stuff, for which I am grateful to them. Last but not the least, my wife and children deserve exceptional thanks who suffered a lot during my study. vii Mohammad Sohail viii CONTENTS Forwarding sheet ................................................................................................. i Declaration .................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ v List of tables ................................................................................................. xvi List of Figures ................................................................................................ xvii Abstract ................................................................................................. xix INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 Pre Anjuman-i-Islahul Afaghina Scenario, 1910 ......................................................... 3 Anjuman-I-Islahul Afaghina, 1921 .............................................................................. 5 Significance of the study .............................................................................................. 7 Statement of the problem ............................................................................................. 9 Aims and Objectives .................................................................................................... 9 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 9 Sources of Data Collection ......................................................................................... 10 Scheme of study ......................................................................................................... 11 Review of Related Literature...................................................................................... 12 References and notes .................................................................................................. 23 CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................. 25 THE SOCIO-EDUCATIONAL SCENARIO OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKWA IN EARLY DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY ........ 25 1.1 Socio-educational background of the province ............................................. 31 1.2 Education in Swat state ................................................................................. 36 1.3 The school of Maulana Fazli Mehmood Makhfi ........................................... 37 1.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 40 References and notes to Chapter-1 ............................................................................. 42 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................. 46 EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENTS IN KHYBER PAKTHUNKHWA: 1901-1947 .................................................................................................
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