0. Executive Summary has great potential for helping address Sustainable Development Goals in many different industry sectors, but its industry uptake is made difficult due to the need for highly specialized equipment and expertise. The NanoTechNow competence centre aims to signifi- cantly lower this threshold for industry partners and to establish new and long-term collaborations with the world-leading centre for nanoscience at Lund University, NanoLund, as well as RISE Institutes of Sweden.

Background and Challenge Nanotechnology – long considered a techno- logy of the future – is now maturing and is increasingly enabling new contributions to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Developmenti in a wide spectrum of industry branches.

However, several serious obstacles to the uptake of new capabilities remain. There is a need for access to highly specialised expertise and equipment for materials characterisation, for the evaluation of the safety of nanomat- erials from a product life-cycle perspective, and for production upscaling of the manu- facturing of nanostructures.

Together, these challenges represent for many companies a significant initial barrier to considering nano-enabled solutions. During a transition period, and before a company can acquire in-house expertise and equipment, Figure 1 – Stakeholder Map. It is easy for companies close collaboration with a university- or to join the Network and subsequently project activities. institute research environment is often needed.

Unique opportunities forming the basis for this Centre The proposed centre aims to address the above challenges by leveraging the unique confluence of three opportunities:

First, the centre builds on the momentum of NanoLund, a flagship research environment at Lund University with 56 research groups, an annual turnover of about €19 million, and 130 PhD students. It is the top international environment in the world when it comes to upscaling products using nanowire-based production platforms. NanoLund is also rapidly establishing itself as the leading centre for Nanosafety in Sweden. The various NanoLund spin-offs (about one emerging every 2-3 years) have attracted over €200 million in private investments so far. Through decades-long visionary leadership, NanoLund has established a strong culture of broad multidisciplinary collaboration and research excellence. It is now time leverage this experience in innovation and R&D to ramp-up and establish broader long-term collaborations with major industries and a host of SMEs in Sweden.

Second, Lund University very recently took the decision to establish university operations in a new campus in Science Village Scandinavia, next to the new synchrotron MAX IV (in operation) and the neutron source ESS (under construction). NanoLund scientists are centrally involved in the development of MAX IV beamlines (such as NanoMax), and the centre will therefore be in an outstanding position to serve as a gateway for industry to engage with MAX IV. By spearheading Lund University’s new campus, NanoLund will be at the heart of what is envisioned to become a fully integrated environment for education, top-level research, innovation and production.

Third, the government-owned, nation-wide Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), with 2700 employees and a turnover of €265 million in 2017, recently decided to increase their presence in Lund to enhance their relationship with NanoLund in areas including nanosafety, power electronics, renewable energy, lighting and sensors. A very strong industry network and culture for collaborating with industry, including connecting to about a hundred test and demonstration facilities, make RISE an excellent partner for scaling-up NanoLund technology in collaboration with industry.

Purpose and Vision The key notion of is that, following 2-3 decades of basic R&D, nanotechnology now is ready to be implemented in many sectors. Its purpose is to help industrial companies from multiple sectors leverage the unique, combined competences of NanoLund, RISE and MAX IV, by providing a dynamic, low-threshold, low-risk way of exploring new .

’s vision is to build lasting, long-term collaborations between industrial partners, NanoLund, and RISE that ultimately lead to a -based industry in Sweden.

Approach and Organisation will initially focus on a set of four specific research pipelines, selected because (i) these have particular high potential to deliver impact for the global Sustainable Development Goals, and (ii) because of existing research excellence at NanoLund in these areas: Power, Energy, Lighting & UV, and Precision Medicine. These pipelines are ready to go from day one with specific needs-driven R&D projects involving SMEs and major companies (see Fig. 1 on the cover page) who target the associated value chains.

To engage additional companies and create longterm relations, we will form the that will provide a forum for companies with a potential interest in nanotechnology to interact, discuss needs and identify possible solutions jointly with scientists. Seed projects (typically a few weeks up to 1-2 years), co-financed by , will offer a low- threshold, low-risk way of testing and safety-testing a technology and accessing a wealth of characterisation and production equipment in collaboration with NanoLund and/or RISE, and help leverage additional funding sources.

Outcomes We are targeting a number of tangible outcomes that will be measured by specific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), including: new collaborations and competence exchange with SMEs as well as major and international Swedish companies with NanoLund, RISE and MAX IV; a self-supported, vibrant Industry Network in the arena; opening new markets and increase market share for our industry partners, with associated added jobs. The structure, and all activities, goals, performance indicators and reporting of are targeted towards contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals in quantified ways.

1. Existing activities in the field Nanoscience and nanotechnology are interdisciplinary subjects and were early on identified (together with ) as a Key Enabling Technology (KET) by the European Union2. Many of the technology-based solutions to societal grand challenges are expected to involve nanotechnology. The sector has an expected 2023 market of $1.3 billion for nanodevices, $9.4 billion for nanomaterials, and $7.8 billion for nanowire-based technology.3

1a. Work by the stakeholders in the selected research field

NanoLund NanoLund Basic Stats NanoLund is a world-leading research environment that uses the NanoLund is the largest environment unique opportunities offered by nanoscience to advance in Sweden for nanoscience. It is world- fundamental science and help address society’s grand challenges leading in the science of semiconductor (see info square, right, for basic statistics). It is one of two nanostructures and their applications. Swedish Strategic Research Areas (SRAs) in nanoscience and 56 Research Groups in 2017 nanotechnology selected by the Swedish government in 2009 (the other is Chalmers). In the 2014 evaluation of all 43 SRAs in 326 Staff in total 2017 Sweden, NanoLund was one of only five to receive the top grade 132 PhD students in 2017 (about 20 PhDs (Excellent) in all categories. NanoLund (initiated 1988) brings graduated annually) together more than 300 researchers from the , natural science and medical faculties at Lund University (LU). NanoLund 250+ Engineering nanoscience students features better gender balance than most departments in graduated since 2003 engineering and science nationally and efforts to further improve 100 Students trained in practical this balance are continuous and ongoing (see section 3e). nanofabrication every year Core expertise - NanoLund has a specific focus on the synthesis, €19 million in turnover in 2017 processing and application of semiconductor nanostructures. (63% externally financed) Specifically, nanowires are grown from “seed” metal particles in a reaction chamber that contains the constituents as metalorganic 315 Publications total in 2017, 171 in pure vapour. The low dimensionality (typically 10-100 nanometers nanoscience, with average Journal wide and up to 10 micrometers long) and the ability to control the Impact Factor 7.2 constituents very precisely (down to single atomic layers) offers €200+ million attracted in investments for unique freedom for combining components with different atomic startups since start in 1988 spacing with combinations of dopants in new ways, enabling the tailoring of materials for e.g. specific electromagnetic properties for optoelectronics, ranging from light-emitting diodes and infrared detectors to solar cells (NanoLund and Sol Voltaics AB have world records4 in nanowire photovoltaics). By utilising design flexibility in geometry and chemical surface composition applications open for biotechnology, e.g. single-cell probes, nano/microfluidic sorting, neuronal interfaces, and much more. These competences form one of the bases for . Research Excellence5 – In its core area of nanowire-based technologies, NanoLund is scientifically on a par with the other two worldwide “best-in-class” research environments at UC Berkeley and Harvard in terms of volume of publications and citations6. Since 2011 the researchers affiliated with NanoLund have gone from publishing about 200 papers annually, to over 300 publications per year in the last two years, with an average Journal Impact Factor7 (JIF) of 7.2. In 2017, 38 publications had a JIF larger than 10 (top 2% of scientific journals) including in Nature, and Nature family titles (see e.g. Fig. 2, next page), Science, Nano Letters and PNAS8 . NanoLund researchers disseminate their research all over the world, with 78 invited talks and 19 keynote/plenary talks internationally in 20+ countries in 2017. Key Research Infrastructures – Lund Nano Lab (LNL), hosted by NanoLund, is an open access, state-of-the-art scientific nanofabrication facility with 650 m2 of ISO 6 and 7 cleanroom and a special focus on the synthesis, fabrication and characterization of III-V semiconductor nanostructures. LNL is part of the national distributed facility MyFab and (together with nCHREM) part of the European

NFFA-EUROPE9 distributed nanofoundry and nano-analysis infrastructures explicitly leveraging co-location with large research infrastructures (MAX IV and ESS in this case). LNL is a heavily subscribed facility that serves a broad community: in 2017, LNL had 52 090 hours booked (64 of a total of 84 tools are bookable) and 139 active users, of which 114 came from universities and 25 were from the private sector. LNL has several ongoing collaborations with companies, including TetraPak, AlfaLaval, and CapSenze. The national Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, (nCHREM), situated within the Chemical Centre at LU, is a national facility with cutting-edge tools for electron microscopy including a cryo-TEM, instruments complemented with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and a one-of-a-kind Environmental TEM. nCHREM offers expertise in imaging, element analysis, sample preparation, image calculation, processing and documentation for a wide variety of sample types. nCHREM is with LNL a node in the NFFA-EUROPE facility, and one of the founding members of MicLU, the microscopy community of LU, with Linköping U forming the SSF-supported Atomic Resolution Cluster (ARC), and founder of ARTEMI (Atomic Figure 2 – Cover of the Nature Nanotech- Resolution TEM Infrastructure of Sweden) at six major universities. nology October 2018 issue. This is an Lund Nano Characterisation Labs (LNCL), NanoLund research illustration from an article by NanoLund groups together possess a wide range of world-class characterization researchers who experimentally demonstra- techniques ranging from microscopes capable of single- imaging ted the direct conversion of heat into electricity with a very high efficiency, and via ultra-fast laser spectroscopy, super-resolution optical bio micro- without the need for moving parts, through scopy to the most advanced electrical characterisation. They also the use of a semiconductor nanostructure. develop and use a wide range of theoretical methods for simulation of chemical, electronic and optical processes. These capabilities are distributed across all of LU and are open for use. LNCL help make available knowledge about these capabilities and facilitates access for all partners and collaborators. MAX IV, ESS and Large-scale Research Infrastructures (LRIs), NanoLund is a key “gateway” environment in Lund for access to MAX IV, ESS as well as other X-ray and neutron facilities worldwide. Specifically, NanoLund members are frequently granted measurement times in strong competition: 7 senior NanoLund scientists are users of neutron facilities, win prestigious related grants - recently (2018) an ERC grant for development of X-ray nanowire detectors - and about 12 PIs and 30 researchers are regular users of synchrotron facilities. PIs working in the NanoLund environment have been involved in design, definition and/or construction of beamlines at MAX IV, including NanoMAX (imaging of materials and devices during operation or non-destructive inside complex real industrial samples), MAXPEEM (surface sensitive nanoscale imaging of chemistry and structure up to 1500C under varying conditions), HIPPIE & SPECIES (electron spectroscopy of chemical reactions at surfaces under realistic industrial process conditions). Education Excellence – Since the launch of the NanoLund-initiated Engineering Nanoscience program in 2003, over 250 students have graduated. 95% of these were employed within 3 months after graduation, about half of them by private industry, and half initially as PhD students by national and international academic institutions. The program is tailored to provide students with training and an understanding of real-world problems and applications. A specific example is the third-year course Project Nanoengineer where students evaluate and develop innovation ideas from NanoLund and its industry partners (the students are also encouraged to develop their own projects). Real outcomes of this course include a student-owned startup (Cellevate AB), and participation in innovation boosting programs such as Venture Cup. We also train more than 100 students annually in practical nanofabrication. An alumni survey is in progress to help NanoLund understand how our education can be made even more relevant to future employers.

Innovation Excellence – The NanoLund environment has spawned several start- up companies, including Cellevate (nanofibre cell substrates), Sol Voltaics (nanowire-based solar cells), Glo AB (nanowire-based light-emitting diodes), and Acconeer (micro-RF technology), and this has led to over €200 million in private investments to date. Members of NanoLund have been part of about 70-80 patent applications10 since its inception in 1988 and about one spin-out company is generated on average every two to three years. The NanoLund environment has been particularly effective in innovating nanotechnology production platforms with a view to bridging gaps in Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs)11. A key example, making NanoLund the world-leading centre for upscaling based on nanowire technology, is the technique Aerotaxy, namely a high-yield, scalable, continuous-flow reactor process that creates nanowires with atomic-layer- precision in a free-flowing aerosol of seed particles and gases. This technology has already gone from lab-scale to pilot-plant production for solar energy harvesting thin-film technology within Sol Voltaics and will also be applicable in other areas, such as nanowire-based biosensors. Figure 2 – Electron-microscope Industry network – NanoLund is systematically working towards establishing image of an ordered array of strong collaborations with national and international industry beyond our own vertically aligned NWs (spacing start-up companies. NanoLund scientists regularly coordinate EU projects with ≈ 500 nm in this case) produced strong industry participation; an internship program for NanoLund PhD students with the high-throughput, low- has placed 15-20 students in institutes and companies; the Fraunhofer-NanoLund cost Aerotaxy and Sol Align- ment techniques of Sol Voltaics network connects seven Fraunhofer institutes to NanoLund; representatives from based on NanoLund innovation companies such as TetraPak, IKEA, and CR Competence have joined NanoLund [Nature 492, 90-94 (2012)] and board and advisory groups. However, true collaboration with established applicable for upscaling of industry is limited by funding forms (e.g. a research-council financed PhD nanowire technology in general. student cannot easily just work on an industry project for a few months) and seed projects are needed before larger projects can be planned and independently financed. is designed to address these needs. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden RISE have a presence all over Sweden and globally, currently with 2700 employees of which 30 % have a PhD and a turnover of SEK 2.7 billion in 2017. A large proportion of RISE customers are SME clients, accounting for approx. 30 % of the industry turnover. RISE runs approximately a hundred test- and demonstration (T&D) facilities, open for industry, SMEs, universities and institutes, and in fact, RISE is owner and partner in 60 % of all Sweden’s T&D facilities. As a partner for academic and industrial players, RISE works all the way from research, development and concept testing to small-scale manufacturing. RISE also has a large infrastructure of labs nationally. Within the field of materials, RISE works within areas ranging from nanotechnology and surface treatment to new material from the forest. All six divisions of RISE are represented in Lund and 85 employees will move to a single location within the Ideon Science Park at the beginning of 2019. The RISE division ICT Acreo already has ongoing collaboration projects with industrial partners in the nanotechnology application areas that are the focus of : power, energy, light/UV and sensors. RISE, together with LU and Region Skåne is also working to establish the ProNano pilot production facility for nanotechnology base product scale-up. RISE has also taken a strategic initiative towards facilitating the industrial use of the large infrastructures being built in Lund (MAX IV and ESS), including all applications and branches for which the use of the techniques available can be used in product development. As a first step, RISE has established a group of experts on the various technologies available through MAX IV and ESS and appointed a coordinator who works as MAX IV’s industry liaison office (also active in this centre) and with ESS. RISE is also active within the area of Nanosafety, with activities in areas ranging from toxicology testing to material aging and safe handling of nanomaterials after the products’ end-of-life.

Companies engages from day one a very strong network of companies, including 11 SMEs, 4 global companies with more than 20 000 employees, developers of nanotechnology as well as end

users, from a wide range of sectors that highlight the broad range of potential applications of NanoLund technology: they include companies active in bio- and medical technology, pharmaceutics, lighting, avionics, packaging, consulting, optotelectronics, waste handling, and water treatment. The details of companies and their involvement, including the projects and activities they are invovled in can be found in their respective Letters of Intent. Below we present a summary. Company Short description AcouSort AB AcouSort is a biotech company providing solutions for automated sample preparations (SME) involving biological cells or other organelles. AlfaLaval AB Alfa Laval is today a world leader within the key technology areas of heat transfer, separation and fluid handling, with > 2500 patents. Baxter Working at the critical intersection where innovations that save and sustain lives meet the physicians, nurses and pharmacists. The group in Lund specialises in dialysis. BrainLit In BrainLit’s BioCentric Lighting™, indoor light is reproduced to mimic the natural light that (SME) we would be exposed to when outdoors on an optimal day. Camurus Developing and commercialising innovative and long-acting medicines for the treatment of (SME) severe chronic conditions, including opioid dependence, pain, cancer and endocrine disorders. CR Competence A team of innovative experts with a background in chemistry who create new possibilities for (SME) their clients believing in the quality reached by understanding. Fagerhult Part of Fagerhult Group with about 2600 employees and operations in 22 countries. They develop, produce and market professional lighting solutions. Glo AB Produces display technology based on high-brightness RGB nanowire microLEDs. Their (SME) products deliver best-in-class effieciency and color. Hexagem AB Produce GaN wafers with zero threading dislocations using their patented technology. (SME) Innoscentia Innoscentia produces a cheap bacteria sensor, which digitally signals when spoilage of food is (SME) detected. IRnova IRnova develops and supplies high quality and high performance infra-red detectors to module, (SME) camera and system manufacturers globally. Orbital Systems Orbital System’s vision is to change the way we all think about and use water. Their technology purifies and recirculates water. SAAB Avionics SAAB’s avionics systems portfolio includes communication management systems and heads-up displays for many platforms. Senzagen SenzaGen makes it possible to replace animal experiments with in vitro genetic testing to (SME) determine the allergenicity of chemicals. Sol Voltaics AB Through the patented Aerotaxy® process, they manufacture gallium arsenide nanowire film that (SME) can dramatically increase the efficiency of conventional solar modules at ultra-low cost levels. SYSAV Recycles and treats waste from households and industries in southern Skåne. Commissioned to manage the household waste in all 14 owner municipalities and for 6,000 corporate customers. TetraPak Global company offering a range of processing and packaging technologies for use with a broad array of food-related and organic products. Watersprint Watersprint develops and produces a new, safe and efficient technology for water purification (SME) through use of UV-LED technology. Other universities, public/private actors involved, and synergies with other ongoing projects Individuals from Halmstad University as well as Chalmers University of Technology will also participate. Science Village Scandinavia AB (SVS) owns the land between MAX IV and ESS in Brunnshög, in the north-east of Lund. The company, owned by the City of Lund, Region Skåne and Lund University, was formed in 2009 with the main task to develop the land for the purpose of promoting and supporting the research facilities and its ecosystem. SVS takes an overarching responsibility in stimulating the ecosystem connected to the large-scale research infrastructures in Brunnshög, ensuring that the development of the area fosters the attraction of diverse stakeholders. SVS will be explicitly involved in networking activities helping to become a gateway community. Region Skåne – The region of southern Sweden has since 2013 had materials as a key specialisation area, supports the Centre financially, and supports the formation of a national nanomaterials innovation arena. SwedNanoTech, formed in 2010, is an umbrella organization for Swedish actors who jointly shape the landscape of Swedish nanotechnology. Its purpose is to influence, create meeting places and to build bridges between academia, industry, business and the public. SwedNanoTech members include businesses, organizations, researchers and students, all

more or less linked to the nanotechnology field. SwedNanoTech will play the critical role of helping connect to potential industry partners across all of Sweden and ensuring a national perspective on all activities. will actively seek and maintain synergetic relations with other competence centres, in particular C3NiT in Linköping, as well as with a number of Strategic Innovation Programmes. Both NanoLund, LU and RISE are heavily invested in several Strategic Innovation Programmes, and there will very likely be a concurrent MISTRA Nanosafety programme run jointly with NanoLund, both of which will have synergetic effects.

1b. Existing international collaborations and competition

International collaboration - NanoLund scientists routinely collaborate with more than 200 relevant scientific environments across the world, as evidenced by their annual publications. In 2017 NanoLund scientists were engaged in 14 Horizon 2020 projects involving international collaborations and coordinated five such projects. Since 2016, we have been systematically building the NanoLund- Fraunhofer network involving seven different Fraunhofer Institutes interested in direct collaboration with NanoLund and LNL. We also have ongoing collaborations with the Max Planck Society. RISE has a global presence and has been involved in more than 80 Horizon 2020 projects to date. Competition and benchmarks - This proposal is a major step towards NanoLund’s long-term vision to build in Science Village Scandinavia Europe’s leading environment for semiconductor nanotech- nology, with full integration of education, top research, innovation and production. Lund University very recently took the decision to establish university operations in a new campus in Science Village, and NanoLund is spearheading this effort and is posed to be the first entity to establish active research and education operations in Science Village. The uniqueness comes from the combination of NanoLund competence in semiconductor nanostructures with access to a complete range of the most advanced characterisation tools, for all time scales and wavelengths: Lund Laser Center (world-class attosecond laser research), the world’s brightest synchrotron (MAX IV) and the world’s most powerful neutron source (ESS), and the planned ProNano pilot production facility. For international comparison and competition, one can look at: Hamburg, with the co-location of the DESY light source with a campus and institutes such as the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL; Berlin Adlershof, integrating a synchrotron (BESSY), major research institute (Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, HZB) and science park with large number of companies. They are close in vision, but scientifically complementary. We are in talks with HZB about systematic collaboration and have NanoLund members with shared affiliation. MESA+ at the university of Twente in the Netherlands is an inspiration but focuses on traditional silicon fabrication (unlike NanoLund) and are not co-located with large research infrastructures. Some labs in Grenoble have the benefit of the closeness of LRIs, but none as proficient as NanoLund for nanowire-based technologies. Catapult, is a network of UK-based “centers of excellence” designed to build complete ecosystems and includes research, development, prototypes, and pilots to business advice and fundraising but not a specific nanotechnology center. Closest in vision is the Stanford–Berkeley area with interaction with SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC director Chi-Chang Kao is a member of the International Advisory Board) and the Silicon Valley industry. A prime success story is IMEC in Belgium, from early eighties, whose goals and build-up story are very similar to the ProNano vision, direction and goals, except they are focused on . In 2016 IMEC had a total revenue of €496 million, and 3500 employees. Smaller in scope and closer, we have DTU Danchip, near Copenhagen, an infrastructure for nanofabrication and supporting local industry with upscaling and innovation but focused on silicon and polymer-based systems.

1c. Expected impact on research and education today

Overall, the new collaborations created by will impact on the research carried out today at RISE, NanoLund and in the involved companies in the following ways: will

(i) help companies and SMEs to access and make use of excellent materials science and production platforms available at NanoLund and RISE and incorporate nanotechnology in products;

(ii) help direct NanoLund and RISE research activities in directions most relevant to industry and SMEs. Specifically, by building new skills and competence in industry-relevant R&D, new opportunities for externally-financed research will be opened up, and new, long-term, needs- driven research projects will be started. Annually, in every project cycle, at least 20 senior researchers, postdoc and students in at least 10 research groups at NanoLund will gain hands-on experience in direct collaboration with industry, which will directly influence future career paths, mobility, and choice of research topics; (iii) help NanoLund and RISE to develop and build research activities that in new ways address the Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030). They permeate the proposed competence centre all the way from the general working principles on which projects are decided by the board, via the individual subprojects, to the metrics by which success is evaluated (see sections 2d & 4c). (iv) help align the research activities at NanoLund (typically TRL 1-3) with those at RISE (typically TRL 4-6) to build, jointly with the industry partners (typically TRL 7-9), cohesive R&D pipelines that will help traverse the “Valley of Death” (TRLs 4-8) and help all partners perform research with direct industry impact. (v) serve as a key gateway community, catalysing industrial use of the wide range of research infrastructure available, with MAX IV and ESS, in innovation processes for industry and SMEs. 2. Vision, strategy and goals

2a. Description of vision and strategy to achieve it

Purpose and Vision - The key notion of , and which motivates the centre’s name, is that, following 2-3 decades of primarily basic R&D, nanotechnology is now ready to be implemented in many industry sectors. This process is complex and involves challenges for companies to identify and access critical competence and infrastructure for characterization, safety evaluation and production. The purpose of the proposed centre is thus to help industrial companies from multiple sectors leverage the unique competences, materials science and infrastructure available at NanoLund, RISE and MAX IV, and to provide a dynamic, low-threshold, low-risk way of starting initial projects and gradually building lasting, long-term collaborations.

The centre’s vision is to build lasting, long-term collaborations between a variety of industry partners, NanoLund, and RISE that ultimately lead to a nanomaterials- based industry in Sweden.

Specifically, the centre will leverage world-class competence in sustainable nanotechnology development, in safety, in characterisation, and in production to address the Sustainable Development Goals through technology in power electronics, renewable energy, lighting, and precision medicine. This vision is married to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG, Agenda 2030 in the Swedish context).

Strategy and approach - At the core of our joint approach will be the formation of a Industry Network (see section 3b) that provides a forum for companies with a potential interest in nanotechnology, as well as public stakeholders, to interact, define and communicate needs, and identify possible solutions jointly with scientists, supported by proactive networking activities (see WP1, section 3c). Once an opportunity for a collaboration is identified, a first joint project between a company and NanoLund and/or RISE will be defined and co-financed by , offering a low-threshold, low-risk way of testing and safety-testing a technology and accessing a wealth of characterisation and production equipment. which can then lead to follow up porojects and long-term funding (see Section 3b and WP1 for details on the network concept and activitires)

In contrast to more siloed endeavours, this dynamic approach is a major feature of . Over five and ten years the needs and focus of businesses, especially SMEs, will change. It takes an agile organisation to respond to different concrete needs and mobilise resources in an effective way. The competence centre structure and organisation is built to respond to these shifts. Goals and Outcomes - The overall aims of are to: Figure 3 – Illustration of the activities in NanoTechNow. The Club with the three associated cross-cutting activities is the engine that drives new questions ▪ form a self-supported, vibrant Industry and projects in the centre. Network around NanoLund and RISE that will remain long term beyond the end of this competence centre; ▪ establish new collaborations between semiconductor and materials industry with MAX IV; ▪ build trust and establish several new, lasting collaborations between NanoLund and RISE on the one hand and with SMEs as well as major and international Swedish companies on the other, that we have not previously collaborated with; ▪ to open new markets and increased market share for our industry partners, with added jobs; These outcomes will be measured by a range of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) during the project (section 2d). These are designed to explicitly answer VINNOVAs requirements for results and impact goals and to provide a basis for all evaluation and reporting. In the medium term (5-10 years): ▪ We will execute knowledge transfer and services, with at least 50 papers, 5 submitted patents and 10-20 other IPR items (see KPIs 1.1-1.4, p. 11).We also expect to at least have opened up new markets for products in areas such as solar cells and BIPV, nanomedtech, power & RF electronics, micro-LED displays, true RGB-lighting, and point-of-use water treatment & sterilisation equipment, leading to an equivalent of 50 person-years added to the Swedish economy and competence transferred (KPIs 2.1-2.3). ▪ Helped some major companies increase their market share in their core business areas. We also expect to have jointly developed the activities into a branded, fully-fledged, self-financed and attractive gathering, with regular showcasing, focus sessions, CTO mingles, idea hackathons, industry-funded targeted courses, and other needs-driven activities (KPIs 2.1,3.1,3.2, 4.1), with significant contribution to SMEs (KPIs 4.2, 5.1, 5.2) ▪ Significant contributions to policy (KPIs 1.4, 6.4) regarding nanomaterials and their safety as well as having helped several mediator stakeholders develop and incorporate new techniques and business models. Established a lasting partnership with RISE. ▪ A track record as the go-to national “gateway” and innovation community in the region for nano-related questions. We will have followed up all the competence centre KPIs and delivered our foreseen deliverables (sections 2d, p. 11, and 4c-4f). In the long term (10+ years) we expect (see KPIs 8.1-12.2): ▪ to have learned from our experiences and performed even better according to the updated plan, executing our updated KPIs and deliverables for the next stage, which will see an upgrade of resilient and market evaluated projects to pilot production and TRL 6-8 ▪ Led to new value equivalent to about 500 person-years of employment, enabled new products, and the passing of TRL stages for several prototypes and products. ▪ To have established ourselves as an internationally recognised and vibrant nanoscience innovation community in Science Village Scandinavia and been integrated as a co-located open infrastructure together with pilot-production facilities. ▪ To have made substantial contributions to the Global Sustainability Goals (KPI 9.5).

The industry network built by will also be a key element required for achieving NanoLund’s overall, longterm vision: to establish, in Science Village and closely integrated with MAX IV and ESS, Europe’s leading environment for semiconductor nanotechnology, with full integration of education, top research, innovation and production.

2b. Needs and benefits of involved stakeholders

The overarching need that addresses is lowering thresholds to pushing developments of nanotech from TRL 4-8, bridging so called “Valley of death”12, specifically by: ▪ Substantially lowering barriers to access of infrastructure for industry and SMEs by serving as gateway to comprehensive, state-of the art facilities at Lund Nano Lab, MAX IV, ESS, and RISE pilot facilities. ▪ Providing funding and competence transfer for collaborative seed projects with low initiation threshold and quick decision paths (see section 4b); ▪ Providing pathways for the fast test of new solutions to industry needs in collaboration with dedicated, centre-funded staff at Lund Nano Lab and RISE (see section 3c). ▪ Building trust and a long-term collaborations through the (section 3c). ▪ Contributing to a long-term innovation ecosystem, international attractiveness and new jobs in the materials science and high-tech arena via its contribution to the extended strategy of public and public/private stakeholders.

2c. Conditions necessary for an internationally attractive and competitive research environment

The critical factors for the centre to be an internationally attractive and competitive research environment are: ▪ Continued academic excellence and output of publications and research, meaning that broad and high-level nanoscience research is maintained in the arena. ▪ Continued investment in research infrastructure related and relevant to nanomaterials and nanotechnology, in addition to integrating existing infrastructure a regional and national priority to support these is needed, coordinating their evolution and establishment. ▪ Critical mass and good diversity of stakeholders in the area keeping interactions and exchange in technical issues current. Takes nurturing of innovation and open innovation arenas - share where you want, collaborate when you can and compete where you must. ▪ Active measures to exchange competence in the arena, by enabling the inclusion of PhDs, industrial PhDs and postdocs, and helping the transfer of these between industry and academia. ▪ Support and co-creation of the innovation environment from involved stakeholders, meaning active engagement in the arena and the channeling of resources. ▪ Continued international outlook of stakeholders, by involving themselves in European projects and leveraging the increased international footprint expected in the arena.

2d. Expected results and impacts goals in relation to programme

The centre will be working with an impact flow according to the impact schema:

These four stages categorise the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the competence centre. In view of the maxim “what’s measured gets done”, the KPIs are extensive and form the basis for all reporting and evaluation of the centre. The KPIs are based on LU guidelines for impact assessment in a matrix matching the VINNOVA expected results (matching the first two steps above) and impact goals (matching the last two above). This is displayed in the table on the next page

Results (VINNOVA template) Measured by (color-coded according to impact schema) 5-year target 1. Publications and patents KPI 1.1 – Number of Publications of consortium members that acknowledge NanoTechNow . 40-80 publications KPI 1.2 – Joint publications that acknowledge NanoTechNow with authors from multiple consortium members. 20-30 joint publications KPI 1.3 – Number of submitted patent applications involving consortium members arising as a result wholly or 5 submitted patents partly of work performed in the centre. KPI 1.4 – Number of other IPR and new policy and /or services generated as a consequence wholly or partly of 10 other new IPR / policy items work performed in the centre, such as trade secrets, trademarks and copyrights, innovation disclosures, policy recommendations, new methodologies for new nanosafety assessment, health care, instruments, datasets, software tools & designs & services for new business models. 2. Needs-driven research in active KPI 2.1 – Number of new collaborations (between partners who have not previously directly collaborated) 15 new collaborations collaboration with relevant funded by the centre as measured by the new project leader-company pairings. stakeholders KPI 2.2 – Flow of competence as measured by the number of completed subprojects in the consortium. 25-30 subprojects KPI 2.3 – The number of prototypes taken one step further on the TRL scale (e.g. from TRL4 to TRL5) as a result 8 prototypes moved by 1 TRL level of work wholly or partially done in the centre as measured by reported results from project leaders 3. Practise innovative ways to lead KPI 3.1 – Cash funding raised for NanoTechNow Network from the business sector. Target is not maximisation, 150+ kSEK per year from yr 3 and organise collaboration within the KPI 3.2 – Attendance at NanoTechNow activitie s, with reporting of diversity of attendees. 1000 people total centre and the surrounding KPI 3.3 – Gender balance at all levels of the consortium . Continuously monitored and reported. Continuous 4. Active participation of SMEs KPI 4.1 – Funds raised via participation in SME program > 350 kSEK / year, yrs 2-5 KPI 4.2 – Aggregate Fraction of SME participation in KPIs 1.2, 2.1, 3.2, 5.1 and 6.1 40% - 60% participation 5. Better access to knowledge and KPI 5.1 – Aggregate Fraction of SME participation in KPIs 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 2.2, 2.3, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, and 7.2 40% - 60% participation competences for SMEs KPI 5.2 – Aggregate Fraction of SME participation in KPI 7.1 40% - 60% participation 6. Stakeholders build trust so that KPI 6.1 – Total number of PhDs, postdocs and graduate students involved in NanoTechNow . 60 young researchers there can be a continuous flow of KPI 6.2 – Total number of dissemination occurrences , i.e. contributing to seminars, conferences, external 50 occurences knowledge education, consultation, lectures for general audiences, exhibitions, workshops. KPI 6.3 – Popular outreach as measured by the number of press releases, publications, flyers, trainings, social Continuously documented. media, web-sites, communication campaigns in radio, TV and on social media, popular science publications, 5 press releases expected books or articles, reports, contributions to media, products or information material connected to the centre. 7. An increased national and KPI 7.1 – Increased national and international exchange as measured by the number and research 15 secondments/visits international exchange, between visits/secondments of at least 2 weeks duration. acad. / acad. & between business / KPI 7.2 – Collaborations, building and convening networks , as measured by the number of applications for 20 joint applications from min. two acad. (both directions) projects outside of the competence centre as a consequence wholly or partly ofactivities in the centre. partners, at least 5-10 successful

Impact Goals (VINNOVA template) Measured by (color-coded according to impact schema) 5-10 yr target 8. Innovation- and develop-ment KPI 8.1 – Number of products, services or processes used by organisations or businesses (via 10-20 projects and spin-offs with excellence commercialisation, developing methodology, and business models) created as a result wholly or partially of and relevant international scope. KPI 8.2 – Number of spin-off companies stemming from activities wholly or partially performed in 2-3 new companies NanoTechNow KPI 8.3 – Economic benefits from commercialisation in terms of equivalent jobs created and market share 5Y: 50 person-years unlocked for different business sectors. Also relevant is KPI 9.5, defined below. 10Y: 500 person-years 9. Excellent research environments of KPI 9.3 – Average journal impact factor (JIF) of publications measured in KPIs 2.1 NanoTechNow. More than 3.0 average JIF strategic importance KPI 9.4 – Performance as a "gateway" community - performance in terms of contribution to the research and 20-30 new users innovation environment around the large-scale infrastructures and open labs. As measured by the number of new users enabled wholly or partially through work done in NanoTechNow . KPI 9.5 – Impact for Sustainable Development Goals as defined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Continuously monitored (see section Development and its subsections in terms of contribution to concrete indicators relevant for each category. 4c)

(e.g. CO2 equivalents, kWh saved, emissions reduction, pollution mitigation, growth of green business, poverty reduction, job creation, public health, equity indicators, etc.) 10. Continuous business intelligence KPI 10.1 – NanoTechNow Network size 30 companies 100 individuals which provides access to strategic KPI 10.2 – Social network indicators (LinkedIn, etc) of permanent networking activities and contacts stemming 500 first-order contacts contacts through increased networks from NanoTechNow Network . KPI 10.3 – Improvement of the diversity and technological level of innovators in the regional and national Avg. > 3 new strategic contacts / ecosystem as measured by surveying of partners in NanoTechNow . partner 11. Knowledge-intensive SMEs with KPI 11.1 – Aggregate Fraction of SME participation in KPIs 8.1, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 12.2 and 13.1 40% - 60% participation enhanced competitive advantage KPI 11.1 – Aggregate Fraction of SME participation in KPIs 8.3, 9.5, 10.3 40% - 60% participation 12. Individuals with strategic KPI 12.1 – Amount of contract research undertaken in collaboration with NanoTechNow partners and >5 subprojects competence, i.e. corresponding to the KPI 12.2 – Transition of alumni between sectors as followed up via social networks and reported for each major Continuous needs of companies and society at report (see section 4f) large KPI 12.3 – Better national competitive edge due to increased knowledge and competence in the private/public 5 year target: 10 testimonials sector as measured by stakeholders attribution (via survey) of these to NanoTechNow at the 5 and 10 year 10 year target: 20 testimonials 13. Relevant training at educational KPI 13.1 – Number of courses and training occasions (both academia->industry and vice versa) influenced as a 5 year target: 10 institution through synchronicity result of NanoTechNow Networking activities and exchange with industry. between training, research and innovation Also relevant is KPI 6.2) 10 year target: 20 KPI 12.2 – The development of the innovation ecosytem arena in SVS and its national stakeholders as measured TBD (final reports) by the attribution from relevant actors in NanoTechNow at the 5- & 10-year horizon.

3. Structure of the competence centre

3a. Timetable and process for working with the centre agreement

The Lund University legal department will support the competence centre, and a first draft of a centre agreement for the first five year-period will be ready by the end of August 2019. After iterations with all partners a final agreement should be ready and signed a month before the project start (1 January 2020). Lund University has previous experience from triple helix centre agreements such as the VINN Excellence Centre Antidiabetic Food Centre, and participation in many EU projects, including those coordinated by NanoLund including many large and small companies and research institutes (e,g, NODE, NWs4Light, Bio4Comp, NanoTandem). The major partners are well aware of the importance of agreeing on rights and responsibilities as well as IPR-principles and publication policies. The agreement will also include rules and framework for new partnerships all in line with the vision and strategy of .

3b. Critical mass for an optimal research and innovation environment: the for industry

is a long-term undertaking to lower the thresholds for companies and society to utilize the possibilities within nanoscience and nanotechnology. The key instrument for providing agility, and for building critical mass and trust for this undertaking is the , namely a forum where companies who are already applying, or interested in applying nanotechnology, will meet other companies, scientists, stakeholders and future employees (e.g. undergraduate and PhD students) to discuss needs, identify possible solutions, and then join forces to initiate collaborative research and development projects. The initial partners of as described in the Table in Section 1a are the founding members of . Together we represent aspects of the entire value chain across all TRLs. ’s long-term vision is to develop an agile organizational model that allows additional stakeholders to join the Network as members, without having to make an initial full commitment as partner of . The network will thus provide a low-threshold forum that will engage partners and new stakeholders in workshops and activities, allowing sufficient time to identify the best way of collaborating around specific, high-value projects. Through the network (via e.g. CTO lunches, match making, outreach, courses, and other activities) of will be able to share competences and resources, form new cross-disciplinary collaborations, and offer recruiting access to the more than 100 PhD students and more than 80 undergraduate student members in NanoLund. For a detailed description of specific Network activities, see WP1 (Section 3c).

3c. Organisational structure

will be hosted by Lund University and the research centre NanoLund. The Director of NanoLund will also be the Scientific Director (Centre Leader) of and will lead the centre and report to the Board. He has a very successful track record in building a coherent strategy and cohesive collaboration across multiple faculties at NanoLund (see also section 4a) and will bring this experience to building external alliances in . The Scientific Director will appoint an Operational Director who will lead the day-to-day activities together with the scientific WP leaders (coloured dots) and the Office. All important decisions (including project evaluation) will be prepared by the Management Group, who will be led by the Scientific Director and consists of the WP leaders, a Strategic Advisor, the chair of the Industrial Advisory Board (consisting of industry representatives, see below), and the leader (colored dots). The centre leadership has at their disposal also two advisory boards, see below. Resilience - A guiding principle in constructing the organization has been resilience: several of the WP leaders

are qualified and prepared to step in as either Scientific Director or Operational Director if the need should arise, and for each WP leader we have already identified at least one additional scientist who will be actively engaged in the centre and can step in if a WP leader moves on to other tasks (see WP descriptions below). Board - The Scientific Director (centre leader) and Operational Director report to the Board who oversees the centre and makes all formal and major strategic decisions. In particular, the Board approves project funding decisions prepared by the Management Group and the Directorate (for decision-making process, see section 4b) and has the power to change the focus and business sectors targeted in case reprioritisation is needed in the pipeline work packages. The Board will be appointed after consultation with VINNOVA based on proposals by the Scientific Director. We propose that it will consist of seven members (four of which come from industry) who represent the major stake holders initially as follows: Representing Proposed organisations Proposed individual SMEs, mediators CR Competence (Board Chair) Anna Stenstam, CEO Host organisation Lund University Viktor Öwall, Dean of Engineering Faculty (LTH) Research Institute RISE Olof Sandberg, Senior Advisor Large Research Infrast MAX IV Marjolein Thunissen, Science Director Incubator, SMEs SMILE Ebba Fåhraeus, CEO Large industry TetraPak Lars Sickert, Strategy Expert Region and city Science Village Scandinavia Ulrika Lindmark, CEO We also propose that there should be student representation on this board. Industry Advisory Board - The Industry Advisory Board (IAB) has the critical role to provide an industry perspective regarding all matters, including: guidance on strategic direction; a key role in project selection with regards to feasibility, and potential for new transferable competencies and technologies (see section 4b); input and feedback regarding the governing structure and the key activities of the (see section). More broadly, through its representation in the Management Group, it will be part of the process of preparing all key decisions. The Chair of the IAB will be appointed by the Board by proposal from the Scientific Director, and will be an industry representative, most likely a CEO or CTO from one of the companies in the Network. Other members of the IAB will be appointed by the Scientific Director in discussion with the IAB chair and will be selected to be representative of all key stakeholders, including large industry and SME, and companies that currently have active projects and such that do not (yet). In addition, the Directorate may appoint additional, ad-hoc members to advise on specific matters concerning . International Advisory Board - The centre’s International Advisory Board will advise the leadership on strategic matters. Its members are the Scientific Advisory Board of NanoLund, who are distinguished international researchers in key areas of nanoscience, who visit once a year and, who include individuals with very large experience in building stakeholder ecosystems and industry engagement with academic centres. They have recommended NanoLund to take actions to strengthen partnerships and collaborations with industry and other stakeholders, in line with the plans and activities proposed for . General meeting - A general meeting will be held once a year where the activities of the centre will be discussed and input given to the board and the Management group. The general meeting is directed towards the private/public stakeholders of the consortium and is a major forum for feedback.

Work Packages WP0 – Management (Directorate, Office and Managment Group)

The Directorate, supported by the Office is the main coordinating body. It facilitates the dialogue between academia and industrial partners including decision making within all the WPs and promotes a close dialogue between the WPs. The activities of WP0 include: organisation of core events and meetings (such as general meetings, board meetings, management meetings and advisory board meetings), gathering and managing the reporting, overseeing and executing financial reporting to VINNOVA, communications (website, reports, use cases) and monitoring of KPIs (see Section 2d). The Management Group is the group comprised of all WP leaders, and a Strategic Advisor (Lars Samuelson) with over 3 decade-experience in running major large and concurrent projects. WP1 – – Leader: Anna-Karin Alm (LU) supported by Lennart Gisselsson (LU), and Fredrik Melander (SVS). The overall purpose of the NanoTechNow Network is described in Section 3b. All Network activities will be coordinated and supported by the NanoTechNow Office. The first aim will be to define Network activities in such a way that they optimally support industry needs. Therefore, before project start and during the first year, all founding partners will be engaged in workshops to plan activities for the short-term (year 1 and 2) as well as for the long-term (year 3- 5 and 5-10) perspectives. Initially, the activities will focus on identifying common needs among the partners, building trust and identifying additional R&D projects that can be addressed within the centre’s pipelines. activities will address the following identified needs: i) Annual General meeting with nanoscience updates, ii) Thematic workshops linked to WPs 3-8, iii) Match-making curricular needs with company needs, iv) Activities that facilitate industry access to MAX IV and the future ESS, v) Activities in collaboration with the alumni-network of NanoLund, vi) Study-visits to facilities within NanoLund and Science Village, vii) CTO-network, iix) Commissioned education for professionals, ix) Sharing of best-practise models in innovation management and investments. Cross-cutting work packages These work packages are of general interest both as a service and opportunity to test-run capabilities and infrastructure provided via the , and as resources for the R&D pipelines.

WP2 WP2 – Nanosafety. – Leader: Christina Isaxon (LU), supported by Jenny Rissler (RISE) and Target Tommy Cedervall (LU). can have toxic properties and this must be considered during SDGs: production, use and disposal/recycling. While there is an EU definition of nanomaterials, there is no consensus on how to systematically assess nanosafety by design, making it very challenging for companies to negotiate this terrain. Within WP2, NanoLund and RISE scientists will collaborate with industry partners to provide expertise in toxicology, workplace safety, exposure measurements,

nanomaterial characterization and national and EU regulations in order to address industry-driven questions concerning: the safety of production processes involving nanomaterials; the toxicity of nanomaterials; emission control and evaluation of environmental effects during research, production, product use and disposal; recyclability from a perspective of circular economy; safe disposal of composite nanomaterials. Excellence: Lund (with collaborating experts at NanoLund, Region Skåne hospitals and at RISE) is quickly emerging as the centre of Swedish nanosafety expertise. Activities will benefit from synergy with the Scandinavian NanoSafety Centre, a non-profit organisation initiated by NanoLund, seeking to coordinate issues at a national level. WP3 WP3 – Nanocharacterisation – Leader: Anders Mikkelsen (LU), supported by Reine Wallenberg Target (LU) and Magnus Larsson (MAX IV). The purpose of WP3 is to be a gateway to the full arsenal of SDGs: characterisation that can offer through the 56 NanoLund research groups, NanoLund infrastructure and the associated RISE divisions and MAX IV, as described in Section 1. In modern materials-based R&D, “seeing is believing”, and advanced characterisation is critically needed to answer questions about how processing works, material quality, physical and chemical character- ristics, surface activity, performance, and defect density. Access to new information enables faster innovation and more targeted processes improvement. WP3 will evaluate and advise on how different combinations of methods, including access to LRIs such as MAX IV, can be integrated in company- based R&D, and will support and coordinate the characterisation needs in all other WPs. Excellence: NanoLund is at the forefront of developing and adopting new characterisation techniques across the breadth of its activities. The WP leaders include a beam-responsible at MAX IV and a national leader

in electron microscopy, respectively, and the company CR Competence is highly experienced in supporting industry needs. WP4 WP4 – Nanoproduction– Leader: Maria Huffman (LU), supported by Michael Salter (RISE). The Target purpose of WP4 is to broadly support centre activities in production, fabrication and manufacture. A SDGs: key challenge in pushing nanotechnology to the market is to make the transition from proof-of- performance (often at the single device level) over TRL 4-8 all the way to high volume manufacture, ensuring that production can be scaled up, that the design parameters can be iterated and optimised, and that performance and repeatability of materials and devices can be maintained. Experts in nanoproduction and nanomanufacture at LNL and RISE will also help, across the research pipelines, to design processes for maximum versatility, cost-benefit analysis connected to production systems and evaluation of the investment needed to go to full scale production. Excellence: Led by WP leaders with several decades of industry experience, a key signature of WP4 will the ability to respond to industry needs at short notice. A major asset will be the NanoLund-initiated, RISE-led ProNano pilot- production infrastructure specifically targeting nano-enabled products (project led by Michael Salter). R&D pipelines These are WPs focused on carrying out a subproject-based research programme in a given topic, focused on a product with impact potential for sustainability goals and a global target market. WP5 WP5 – Power – Leader: Olof Hultin (RISE), supported by Lars Samuelson (LU). Power electron- Target ics is a key technology required to harvest renewable electricity (e.g. from solar or wind) and convert SDGs: it with minimal losses13 to help in transitioning to a more resource-efficient society. One such product area power inverters, a market that is expected to increase to $65 billion by 2020. Other examples are electrified transport systems and power electronics in electricity infrastructure, which require efficient and compact power electronics for converting stored electricity to kinetic energy and vice versa, and the increased need for stable and resilient electrical sources for data center infrastructure14. Gallium Nitride (GaN) is taking over as the go-to material, but its performance is critically dependent on the number of faults (dislocations) in the crystal, and internationally, massive resources are spent to reduce defect density. Excellence: Using nanowires as seeds, NanoLund scientists have scalably produced platelets of pure GaN with zero dislocations. WP5 will form collaborations with industry partners, initially to leverage this unique materials platform. WP6 – Energy – Leader: Martin Magnusson (LU), supported by Magnus Borgström (LU). WP6 Concerns itself with energy generation from renewable sources, initially focusing on Target nanotechnology for solar energy harvesting. Solar Cells (PV) installations, dominated by silicon SDGs: (>90%) in 2017 hit a total of 401 GW, or 2.1% of global electricity demand satisfied by PV15. The cost of PV is today driven by the cost of installation, infrastructure and upkeep, which means that increasing efficiency is the only way of making PV better. Efficiency is improved by tandem solar cells with several different materials that can utilize a larger part of the solar energy. This, however, leads to very expensive solar cells, because of a need for rare and expensive elements and due to slow and complicated manufacturing processes. Nanowires offer much higher flexibility in material compositions and the ability to reduce material use from 1000 g/m2 to 1g/m2 while keeping the same efficiency in PV films. Excellence: NanoLund and Sol Voltaics are world-record holders in performance of nanowire-based solar cells, and the Aerotaxy process, invented by NanoLund scientists and upscaled by Sol Voltaics, is the worldwide only low-cost approach to large-scale manufacturing of nanowire solar cells. The initial projects in WP6 will take advantage of this. WP7 – Light & UV– Leader: Åsa Haglund (Chalmers), supported by Lars Samuelson (LU). WP7 WP7 concerns itself with novel for generation of light. The very successful Target development of GaN-based LEDs has enabled the wall-plug efficiency of blue-violet LEDs to reach SDGs: 80%. However, in order to produce white light or other single colors, these are today combined with phosphors which drastically lower the efficiency. Direct-red/green/blue emission can be achieved with nanowire-based technology and saves about 20%-30% in efficiency and enables digitally controlled micro-LEDs for displays and for human-centric lighting mimicking daylight spectra (key technologies for SAAB Avionics, BrainLit, Glo, and Hexagem. By using lasers instead of LEDs higher optical output powers can be achieved per chip area, saving resources and cost in directional illumination systems (a technology development Fagerhult Belysning would like to

benefit from). GaN-based nanowire materials also enable UV emission with applications including in medical sterilisation, water treatment, and photocatalysis (AlfaLaval, Watersprint, Baxter). Nanowires can also act as sensitive “antennas” and be optimised for sensing applications in infrared and radio frequencies for optimal miniaturised detectors, for instance for sensing equipment, IR detection and IoT applications. Excellence: Nanowire based LED technology from NanoLund has already spawned Glo (who at the 2019 CES in Las Vegas present the world’s first microLED watch WP8 display). Projects will build on this collaboration and on the GaN technology described under WP5. Target WP8 – Precision Medicine – Leader: Christelle Prinz (LU), supported by Heiner Linke (LU). SDGs: Precision medicine aims to prevent or treat diseases based on an individual person's genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Detection of biomarkers such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, or metabolites derived from tissue or bodyfluids plays a critical role. However, existing technology still faces key challenges related to limited sensitivity, the often-prohibitive cost of equipment, and lack of methods for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers. The overarching aim of WP8 is to help provide novel, disruptive technology that addresses these challenges. Excellence: Tools for Precision Medicine is one of NanoLund’s four overarching strategic aims, benefitting from close interaction with the Lund-based Strategic Research Areas for Cancer (Biocare) and Diabetes (Exodiab), with the NeuroNanoResearch Center at Lund and leveraging the unique opportunities offered for biosensing and cell sorting by globally leading research in nanowires and in nano- and microfluidic devices.

3d. Developing and scaling up international linkages

Markets and companies are international and technology needs to a global market to have SDG impact. In the context of , we will use the international linkages and experiences of the participating companies, public partners, universities and research institutes, among other things, by: ▪ Seeking international forms of collaboration that can bring added value, such as EU funding in Horizon2020 and the next framework programme; ▪ Collaboration with EU networks such as the public-private partnerships (JTIs) for nanotech. E.g. ECSEL and Eureka for higher TRL R&D industry driven research project funding applications. ▪ Connecting researchers and staff in the centre via the to other dynamic collaboration environments focused on nanotechnology, such as Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, the Röntgen-Ångström cluster in Hamburg, and the area around SLAC in Stanford, USA; ▪ Alumni association activities, connecting alumni to centre stakeholders and making them our ambassadors in the world, and; ▪ Developing an internationalisation strategy and activities leveraging the experience of the large international companies in the centre. ▪ Engaging international and internationally active companies into the

3e. Gender perspectives.

Target We will observe a 40/60 gender balance at all decision-making levels of the centre. The management SDG: (Directorate) of will be shared by a man and a woman. The Board will be appointed with regards to excellence and experience as well as gender balance and will consist of 7 members led by a woman for the first 5 years. The activities within will also be conducted in line with other gender promoting activities within Faculty of Engineering, LU, such as LTH Carrier Academy and Excellence in Academy Through Gender. Our working conditions are very important if young women, and men, shall be able to sustain a work-live balance and build a carreer in science. We shall find and attract candidates with varying background with respect to geography, gender, topic and prior experiences. NanoLund continuously strives to be a diverse and gender balanced environment with current F/M percentage ratios of 24/76 (PIs), 28/72 (postdocs) and 42/58 (PhDs). To promote a further improvement at the senior (faculty) level, several activities and targets will be addressed and monitored as part of NanoLund and . Strong female candidates will be identified and approached as part of recruiting processes for faculty and management positions. Female scientists from stakeholders will be engaged in mentoring of students and postdocs to act as role models. Monitored via KPI 3.3

4. Implementation and outcomes

4a. Experiences and competences of the directorate and management

Directorate - Scientific Director Heiner Linke (Professor, Centre Leader) has been active in leading NanoLund for the past 9 years first as Co-Director (2010–2012) and then as Director (2013–present). During the time of his leadership, NanoLund has more than doubled its external funding for nanoscience to its approximately 55 faculty members. This has resulted in its growth from 135 to more than 300 scientists (including today 130 PhD students and 65 postdocs). His experience in building a coherent strategy and cohesive collaboration across diverse fields will be directly applicable to . Heiner Linke has extensive experience in leading large16, collaborative projects engaging the academic and the private sectors. For example, between 2014-2018 he led the EU Marie Curie Innovative project PhD4Energy17 (FP7, 3.2 M€) that trained PhD students in collaboration with industry. Twelve PhD students were recruited internationally, all twelve performed intersectoral internships in 11 different SMEs, large companies and research institutes. The project was successful both in creating collaborations with many companies, and scientifically, with 34 papers published by the students. He is also the coordinator of two EU FET projects (ABACUS (1.7 M€, ended) and FET Proactive project Bio4Comp (6.1 M€, ongoing)) that include partners from academia, institutes and the private sector. Heiner Linke has been one of the driving forces behind the initiative to establish a pilot fabrication facility for nanomaterial-based products (ProNano in Lund, Sweden), with the aim to facilitate the transition of nanomaterials-based innovations from research to the market. From June 2014 – June 2016 Heiner Linke was the chair of the ProNano working group. We have raised 1M€ in planning funds and have engaged RISE (Research Institutes of Sweden) as the host of the 50 M€ facility, planned to begin operations in 2019. Heiner Linke initiated and helped oversee the work, in partnership with the industry association SwedNanoTech, to create a national Roadmap “NanoSverige” to identify measures needed, on a national level, to successfully translate nanoscience and nanotechnology research into producing industry in Sweden.

Operational Director Christina Isaxon (Assistant Professor) has extensive experience in establishing and leading effective collaborations between diverse stakeholders, including academic groups from different fields, industry, legislation (the Chemicals Inspectorate, the Occupational Safety and Health Agency, the Swedish Medicines Agency) and the public. Specifically, she has initiated and led, a group of researchers who look at how best to establish co-operation and communication between these groups in terms of nanotechnology and nanosafety. She has frequently identified and contacted stakeholders and put together reference groups for several of the multidisciplinary projects she worked in, and managed communication with them. These reference groups always include scientific expertise, industry representatives, social partners (both trade unions and employers), and representatives from authorities. She has been an invited speaker on nanosafety issues on different forums on 22 occasions and is a member of SweNanoSafe research networks (National Platform for Coordinating and Communicating Knowledge about Nanoscience). She is leading the working group for workplace (nano-)safety within NanoLund and has experience from large projects, and is currently working in an Occupational Exposure and Toxicity Project where one of the outcomes will be the implementation of a risk management system (the EU project CaLIBRAte) for the nanotechnology industry.

Management - The CVs of all members of the management team are included in this proposal. In summary, the 10-person Management Group includes highly experienced individuals with complementary expertise and professional background from academia, institutes and international industry, including: 2 ERC award winners (A.M., C.P.), 7 patent holders , 4 individuals with joint > 50 years industry and private sector experience (A-K.A., M.H., M.M., O.H.), 3 individuals with an h-index larger than 30 (H.L., A.M., L.S.), a founder of 6 start-up companies (L.S.), a former Head of a University department for Innovation (A-K.A.), 2 elected members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (H.L. and L.S.), and one current member of a Nobel Prize Committee (H.L).

4b. Process of decision-making and leadership

The composition and roles of the centre’s board, advisory boards and management teams are described in detail in section 3c. Industry partners will be able to engage with NanoLund, RISE and MAX IV in several ways through , each with its own selection process:

Form of engagement Process for access and decision-making group (where applicable) NanoTechNow Projects Formal, collaborative projects co-funded by 50kSEK or more by (for examples, see Initial Project Portfolio in section 4e) will be solicited through the on an annual basis, and will be selected in a formal ranking process described below. Access to Immediate upon either cash or underwritten in-kind contribution. Approved by Office.

Access to infrastructure Direct access is fee-based. Access facilitated by direct contact or by e.g. LNL and nCHREM Offcie and Network. Admninistered by the respective infrastructure based on publicly available user fees. Access to MAX IV Direct access is fee-based, and for smaller projects can be facilitated by Office and Network. Access can also occur via standard applications as a part of a collaborative project. Contract research A percentage of smaller projects can be contract research (max. 5-6 projects). Ad-hoc projects Ad-hoc projects with a budget of 50 kSEK or less can be authorized by short notice by the Scientific Director. These can include, for example, tests of a new fabrication process at Lund Nano Lab, executed by a centre-financed technician at short notice. Access is through contact with a WP Leader or through the Network. Major projects will be selected based on an annual prioritization process that will engage all stakeholder groups, including a very strong role for our industry partners through the Industry Advisory Board (section 3c). An initial proposal for selection critera is as follows: Criterion Group who performs ranking Feasibility (YES/NO) WP Leader for each project, with input from Industry Advisory Board 1. Potential to lead to transferable Industry Advisory Board and the WP leader with equal weight competencies and technologies 2. Scientific quality International Advisory Board 3. Stakeholder engagement Measured by amount of in-kind and cash co-funding made available 4. Potential for market opportunities, Industry Advisory Board investments and/or societal relevance 5. Potential impact for SDGs Proposers present an impact case, based on working principles established by the centre. The rankings of the various advisory groups will be discussed in a joint meeting of the Management Group and representatives from the Industrial Advisory Board (see Section 3c). Based on this discussion and the rankings, the Directorate will prepare a proposal for which projects should be funded for ultimate decision by the Board. In preparing the final, proposed ranking, the Directorate will also consider overarching aspects such as balance between WPs and increasing the number of NanoLund PIs with active industry collaborations. The NanoTechNow board (see section 3c) will decide upon the Centre direction and objectives within the scope of the yearly operational plan decided upon by the General Meeting. The Board will also lead the evaluation process for SME partners applying for special Vinnova funding for expenses related to research projects within .

4c. Follow up of work and measuring impacts

The Work Package leaders are responsible for following up progress in their WPs including the progress of any subprojects. Following up the extensive KPIs defined in section 2d will be done by the administrative support to the management in WP 0. Whenever possible the work will be synced with ongoing efforts to measure impacts in the existing research environments. Many of the KPIs, in particular those with scope during the project (KPIs 1.1-1.6 and 2.1-2.9, are already defined as

concrete numbers or measures and are straightforward to gather. Where estimations have to be done, these will be done by surveys and questionnaires designed early on and part of the follow up strategy deliverable in Q3 of Year 1. For KPIs 4.1-4.5, evaluation by outside parties will be sought in order to maintain objectivity. We also intend to involve personnel and/or students from the relevant departments at LU for evaluation purposes, since the whole set-up of the centre and its impact evaluation strategy will be interesting for research purposes. The follow up for the Sustainable Development Goals will be coordinated by the admin team, in particular with regards to: i) Guidelines for the specific indicators relevant to the Agenda 2030 subsections that are targeted; ii) How assessment of the potential contribution shall be presented for ranking of suggested subprojects by the Centre Board; iii) How the follow up of this will be executed during projects, and; iv) Follow up of contributions to KPI 4.2 after any subprojects have been finished. The admin team is also responsible for the reporting and the inclusion of the SDG in reporting in accordance with VINNOVA guidelines. Any new developments, such as for instance guidelines and best practises about the interaction of SDGs, will be incorporated and adopted by the admin team of . Follow up will be integrated in the online, communications and reporting material and KPIs will regularly reported on at all advisory and decision-making meetings.

4d. Methods and measures for results transfer

The transfer of intellectual property will be regulated by the consortium agreement, which will contain template agreements of either collaborative or contract research varieties for each subproject. These contracts will determine the distribution of IPR and licensing, where applicable. They will also control the right to publish and the creation of any patents from the work. Where applicable, the Lund Univesity office for innovation (LUIS) and legal department will be involved. Further to this, other methods and measures for results transfer are well captured by the extensive map of KPIs in the project described in section 2d, and these include: collaborative projects, joint development, alumni transfer, educational programmes, outreach / communication and dissemination, and joint efforts to raise additional national and international funding and networking activities.

4e. Initial project portfolio

will be highly dynamic, and new projects will be defined based on industry needs on an annual basis (se section 4b). For this reason, we have defined specific projects only for the first 1- 2 years. This set of initial projects, which may be seen as representative for those to be defined later with the same and/or new industry partners, are described below. Projects are numbered after their main Work Package (support from WP3 and WP4 is understood). WP2 – Project 2.1 Low volume nanotoxicity screening Q1 2020 – Q3 2020 Challenge: A relatively large volume of nanomaterial is needed for traditional solubility- and toxicity studies, amounts not always available in the early development phases. It is very expensive, especially for SMEs and smaller companies, to pay for in vivo studies. Aim: Develop a low-volume toxicity screening method to assist companies with toxicological essays. Approach: 1) Define immunologically relevant cell lines and co-culture systems. Determine upregulation of maturation markers, direct toxicity and activation of inflammasome. 2) Use transcriptomics and proteomics with e.g. multivariate analysis and machine learning in order to identify predictive biomarkers for nanosafety. Investigate cellular and molecular events underlying (immune-) toxicological mechanisms. Compare systems (ALI/Cloud) for study of exposure on a cellular level. Deliverables: i) Solubility and redox activity tests adapted to low volumes of nanomaterial. ii) Evaluation of the feasibility of in-vitro systems for tox screening of low volumes of nanomaterial. People & org.: Christina Isaxon (LU), Ann-Christina Malmborg Hager (SenzaGen), Jenny Rissler (RISE) Malin Lindstedt (LU), Keld Alstrup Jensen (NRCWE, DK), Otmar Schmid (Helmholtz center, DE). SDGs: 8.8, 3.9, 3.13 WP2 – Project 2.2 Review of legal frameworks for engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) Q1 2020 – Q4 2020 Challenge: The lack of information concerning in which products nanomaterials occur, or which nanomaterials that are present in these products is of concern in all stages of the life cycle of a nanomaterial/product where there is risk for emissions and exposure to humans or the environment. Aim: Develop a system of distribution of health and environmentally relevant information on products that, on grounds of their content of nanomaterials, may cause risk in downstream handling situations. Approach: Collect and distribute nano-sector-relevant information on nanoparticles/materials (e.g. toxicity, surface reactivity, solubility, biodegradability) and identify product groups that are likely to contain such nanomaterials. Analyzing existing and developing legislation concerning information on hazardous substances, to identify strengths and weaknesses in these systems. Deliverable: A recommendation of how

an information system for hazardous nanomaterials in products may be designed. People & org.: Annika Nilsson (LU), Michael Quednau (SYSAV), Christina Isaxon (LU), Jenny Rissler (RISE). SDGs: 12.6, 8.3, 3.9 WP 2 – Project 2.3 Waste incineration of engineered nanoparticles Q3 2020 – Q3 2022 Challenge: Very little is known on risks related to ENPs in materials after the products end-of-life and on the fate of ENPs during waste and recycling processes. In Sweden a common use of ENPs is in plastics, thereby improving the properties of the material with respect to everything from conductivity and strength to colour. These materials will today typically end up in waste incineration plants, or temporarily at landfills. However, it is not obvious how the ENPs in the materials will behave during these processes. For example, the matrix itself (in which nanoparticles are embedded) could affect at what temperature/time needed for the nanoparticles to be completely combusted. Another important question related to aging and fate of the ENPs at landfills is the risk of ENPs being released into the leachate water if ENP-containing products are placed in landfills and the ability for the RGB process to take care of the particles. Aim: 1) Evaluating different methods for measuring how combustion temperature is affected by the matrix nanoparticles are imbedded in. Methods will be developed and tested for the most common materials in the material waste streams today. 2) Understanding how properties of leakage water affects release/degradation of nanoparticles from landfills. Approach: A literature review will be conducted identifying the most common nanomaterials in the waste streams today, and an outlook to the future materials. In the project we will identify and evaluate relevant methods and analysis techniques, starting with thermogravimetric analysis, to determine at what temperature certain nanoparticles are completely combusted. For wear and fate at landfills, studies of solubility of nanoparticles in various matrixes and media will be studied, and how the solubility will be affected by pH of the media of the leakage water to determine environmental release. We will also identify relevant characterisation techniques for evaluation of the presence of ENPs in waste streams. Deliverables: 2/3 a standardized method for studying how ENPs behave at high temperatures when embedded in the product matrix. end- Understanding of how pH affects leakage of nanoparticles from products. People & org.: Tommy Cedervall (LU), Mikael Quednau (SYSAV), Jenny Rissler (RISE), Christina Isaxon (LU). SDGs: 12.4, 11.6, 6.3 WP 3 – Project 3.1 PEEM nanocharacterisation for brazing applications Q3 2020 – Q4 2021 Challenge: It is difficult to optimise and characterise brazing of metals for heat-exchangers and other products “live” in-situ at the nano level. Specific aim: develop the PEEM characterisation platform to suit the processes of Alfa Laval. Approach: Collaboratively create a PEEM sample environment tailored for AlfaLaval’s needs in preparation for testing at LU and MAX IV. In addition we want to explore the use of a protective Graphene window on the alloy to better control the environment at the surface of the alloy and reliably monitor the changes as the brazing material is released. Deliverables: A diagnostic tool and sample environment that can follow the development of the brazing surface live. A next step could be the further extension of the platform to include other synchrotron-based methods as well as the use of electron microscopy. People & org.: Anders Mikkelsen (LU), Axel Knutsson (Alfa Laval), Olga Santos (Alfa Laval), Postdoc, PhD stud. SDGs: 9.4, 8.2 WP 5 – Project 5.1 High-Quality power components from nanowire-based substrates Q3 2020 – Q2 2022 Challenge: Power- and high frequency electronics have a prominent role in electrical applications from energy generation to consumer products. By improving efficiency and reducing costs for these applications, enormous energy savings and CO2 reductions can be achieved. It is estimated that by 2030 up to 80% of all generated electricity will pass through one or more power conversion steps. Approach: The wide-band gap semiconductor GaN has outstanding physical properties and enormous potential for efficient, compact and fast switching devices for a wide range of applications in power- and high frequency electronics. In this project, Lund University, RISE and Hexagem AB will develop the next generation of GaN wafer technology: high-quality GaN-on-Si enabled by novel nanowire-based epitaxy. This research is performed in close collaboration with Linköping and Chalmers Universities via the SSF-project “III-Nitrides for green power electronics” and C3NiT, headed by LiU. With this technology it is possible to synthesize dislocation-free GaN on Si Wafers, enabling a new generation of vertical and compact high-voltage GaN devices using the nanomaterials approaches developed here. Due to the high material quality, energy losses can be minimized. Deliverables: Development of low-dislocation GaN materials for Power device applications. Realization of dislocation-free III-Nitride devices, with an emphasis on vertical power transistors as presently pioneered at MIT. People & org.: Lars Samuelson (LU), Jonas Ohlsson and Kristian Storm (Hexagem AB), Vanya Darakchieva (LiU), Olof Hultin (RISE), ABB (TBC due to Mitsubishi merger, discussion ongoing), Postdocs, PhD stud., MSc stud. SDGs: 7.3, 3.9 WP 6 – Project 6.1 New on-line monitoring techniques for aerosol nanowire growth Q1 2020 – Q4 2020 Challenge: Aerotaxy growth is promising for mass production of nanowire material, but to achieve the full benefits of this continuous flow process, in-operando monitoring technology needs to be developed. Aim: We will develop methods for determining the composition, size and shape of the nanowires as they pass through a transparent pipe. Approach: The wires have size-specific light absorption and scattering characteristics, and their direction affects the polarization. We will combine spectral measurement of white light through aerosol nanowire flow with laser light scattering imaging. The wires can be oriented in-flight by means of a variable electric field. The combination of measurements will distinguish both the wire shape and the amount of flow material. The interpretation is supported by nanophotonic numerical modelling. The principle can likely be used also for other (nano)particle production concepts. Deliverable: end – prototype monitoring equipment and software analysis and modelling. People & org.: Martin Magnusson (LU), Linus Ludvigsson (Sol Voltaics), Joakim Pagels (LU), PhD stud., MSc stud. SDGs: 7.3, 7.2, 7.1, 8.2 WP 6 – Project 6.2 New nanomaterials systems for industrially scalable energy harvesters Q4 2020 – Q2 2022 Challenge: To develop a material which can be used for significant performance improvements in photovoltaics. GaAs1-xPx is a promising PV material, where compositions near x = 25% gives a bandgap around 1.75 eV, ideal for making tandem solar cells based on silicon, thereby utilising a larger portion of the solar spectrum. Aim: growing nanowires from the ternary Ga(As,P) compound using Aerotaxy, and making solar cell devices from these wires. By exploring the entire range from GaAs to GaP, we will also expand the capabilities of the Aerotaxy platform in general. Approach: Growing controlled pn-junctions in a ternary compound as well as heterostructures. To aid the development and process optimization, we will use recent advances in fundamental under-standing of

the Aerotaxy process, implemented as a 3D computer model of the growth. New growth recipes will first be developed in the small and flexible LU Aerotaxy tool and will then be transferred to the pilot production tool at Sol Voltaics, thereby demonstrating scalability and a path to industriali-sation. The work be done jointly with staff from Sol Voltaics and LU, where the main point of interaction will be in the experimental design processes at the respective partner. Deliverables: Midway: working nanowire growth recipes for most of the Ga(As,P) space plus pn-junctions grown for at least one composition. Project end: at least one Ga(As,P) composition transferred to Sol Voltaics, and successful processing of grown wires into an electrically connected device. People & org.: Martin Magnusson (LU), Magnus Borgström (LU), Magnus Heurlin (Sol Voltaics), Postdoc, PhD stud. SDGs: 7.3-7.1, 12.2 WP 7 – Project 7.1 UV-LEDs for water purification applications Q3 2020 – Q2 2022 Challenge: LEDs emitting in the UV-C range are now commercially available and attractive for replacing conventional mercury- UV-lamps in sterilization and sanitation. However, the efficiency of the LEDs is still very low due to challenges in the epitaxial growth and light source characteristics. Aim: To advance the state-of-the-art of UV LED water purification by improving UV LED efficiency through advanced epitaxy, optimizing designs and exploring new possibilities with the technology. Approach: LU will fabricate LED material to implement the needs from Watersprint, Orbital Systems (and Baxter). RISE will manufacture UV-LED devices according to the companies specifications and needs. The project will also include collaboration on design and characterization of UV-LED water purification reactors, investigations of the use of UV lasers for water purification and development of methods for optical water analysis. Deliverables: end - Development and testing of UV-C nano-LED. Design study of UV-LED and UV-laser water purification reactors. People & org.: Åsa Haglund (Chalmers), Linda Kokkola (Watersprint), Lars Samuelson (LU) Olof Hultin (RISE), Johanna Denbo (Orbital Systems), Mattias Holmer (Baxter), Postdoc, MSc stud. SDGs: 6.1, 6.3, 14.1 WP 7 – Project 7.2 Direct-color emitting micro-LED for lighting and displays Q1 2020 – Q4 2021 Challenge: Today, white-light LED phosphor conversion from blue LED is lossy where more than 30% of the energy is always wasted. An alternative approach is to use RGB LEDs to generate direct white light, thus increasing efficiency. It also enables bright and efficient micro-LED displays and control of color temperature by controlling intensity of the µLED on-chip. Nitride LEDs emitting longer wavelengths suffer from low efficiency due to difficulty of growing suitable high-quality InGaN buffer layers. Approach: LU researchers and spin-off companies Glo AB and Hexagem AB have led to a novel, disruptive way to produce high quality, dislocation-free InGaN platelets and wafers with high Indium content, potentially enabling direct-emitting, high-efficiency green- and red-light emission – a paradigm shift for LEDs. With this new LED technology based on self-assembled, discrete sub- micron light emitters, the efficiency is independent on pixel size. Deliverables: 2/3 - Realization of direct-emitting, efficient RGB LEDs based on dislocation-free GaN and completely relaxed nanowire-based InGaN substrates for prototypes used in i) Color-mixing RGB LED lamps for ultra-efficient and human-centric lighting as pioneered by Brainlit AB; ii) Ultra-bright, high-efficiency displays for VR/AR/MR-applications and heads-up displays (HUD) as pioneered by Glo AB. People & org.: Lars Samuelson (LU), Olof Hultin (RISE), Åsa Haglund (Chalmers) Bo Monemar (LU), Fariba Danesh (Glo AB), Anna-Karin Holmér (SAAB), Kristian Storm (Hexagem), Truls Löwgren (BrainLit), Postdocs, PhD stud., MSc stud. SDGs: 7.3, 12.2 WP 8 – Project 8.1 Nanowire-enhanced biosensing for precision cancer diagnostics Q3 2020 – Q2 2022 Challenge: Biomarkers for cancer diagnostics are often available in only very small amounts and detection requires enrichment and/or prohibitively expensive equipment. Surfaces enhanced with wave-guiding semiconductor nanowires can drastically enhance the optical detection of surface-bound fluorophores, including biomarkers found in human serum. However, for this higher sensitivity technology to have a commercial impact, low-cost, high-volume production technologies for the nanowire surfaces are required. Aim: To test and develop scalable, low-cost production methods for biomarker-detection devices with higher sensitivity than currently available, and in this way potentially opening up a new business area for Sol Voltaics. Approach: GaP nanowires (which have suitable band gap for wave-guiding, and biocompatibility) will be produced using the high-throughput method Aerotaxy, processed into membranes containing ordered nanowire arrays using Sol Voltaics’ proprietory SolAlignment technology, and subsequently processed into freestanding nanowires. Using established surface functionalizing techniques, we will benchmark detection sensitivity for RNA- and antibody biomarkers compared to currently available surfaces. Deliverables: Midway: Demo of biomarker detection using Aerotaxy-produced nanowires. Project end: Quantitative evaluation of biomarker detection sensitivity for one or more types if biomarker. People & org.: Heiner Linke (LU), Mikael Björk (Sol Voltaics), Christelle Prinz (LU), Fredrik Höök (LU), Thoas Fioretos (LU), Carl Borrebaeck (LU), TBC (Region Skåne), Postdocs, PhD stud. SDGs: 3.9, 12.5, 12.4 WP 8 – Project 8.2 – Nanoink for biosensing Q3 2020 – Q2 2021 Challenge: Innoscentia is developing a digital sensor label to detect the status and spoilage process of packaged meats. However, today’s commercially available electrodes are not compatible with Innoscentia’s sensor material, preventing cost-effective depployment. Aim: Shrinking the dimensions of the electrode, while at the same time optimizing the formulation of the sensor ink to enable this integration. Approach: Evaluating different lithography techniques to develop a production-ready electrode prototype. RISE will evaluate the different production methods for the electrode, and Innoscentia will ensure that the sensor ink formulation is compatible with the developed electrode. Innoscentia will evaluate the performance and calibrate it against the products of its customers. Deliverables: At the end of project: i) Enable evaluation of Innoscentia’s sensor label by customers, and ii) check feasibility of a general sensor platform for custom-made sensing solution. People & org.: Olof Hultin (RISE), Robin Thiberg (Innoscentia), Rambabu Atluri (Innoscentia), MSc stud. SDGs: 3.4, 3.11, 3.13

4f. Timetable and milestones

During the first year, NanoTechNow will have a strong focus on establishing structures and activities that captures the strong commitment expressed by all partners. The governing structures will be as

described in section 3c and the initial projects (section 4e) will start according to plan. All partners will also be engaged in setting up relevant activities within The . These activities will be crucial for sharing competences and resources between partners and for attracting new companies and stakeholders to join the centre. Year 2-5 will focus on leveraging the initial projects and starting new projects based on annual calls and a decision process with strong industry input (section 4b), including the SME access. Year 4 preparations start for funding years 6-10.

Figure 4 – Timeline of with initial projects, deliverables, reporting and calls.

4g. Long term potential for maintaining operations

It is a primary aim of to create longterm, self-sustained collaborations between industry, RISE and the participating academic groups. For the , this will be achieved by creating, during the course of the project, a self-sustained financial model based on member fees that finance the Network’s activities and administration also beyond the project. The aim for all industry collaborations initiated by is to become self-sustained after one or two initial projects, either through companies’ own funding (e.g. industry PhD students), or through joint external funding from e.g. EU or applied Swedish funding agencies. The conditions for achieving these self-sustained aims are good: ▪ Industry will be heavily involved in defining the directions and goals of the centre, ensuring long-term relevance; ▪ the potential of nanotechnology in many industry branches will remain in the foreseeable future; ▪ mutual trust built in the projects and Network form a strong basis for future collaborations; ▪ long-term stability stability will be provided by the Strategic Research Area NanoLund financed with a long time horizon by the Swedish Government. ▪ Mobility between the partners between the industry and academic partners seeded through NanoTechNow will further strengthen the basis for continued operations. 5. Stakeholders

5a. Participating Stakeholders – see following pages 23-24

5b. + 5c. Letters of Intent and CVs – submitted separately via portal

5d. Composition of competences

We refer to the stakeholder list and LoIs for a comprehensive overview of the competences.

Name of person

FTE

Gende r Positio (M/F) n Role in the centre Expert / ise Respo nsibilit ies % Lund University (LU) Heiner Linke M Prof. (Solid State Scientific Director Centre Leader, overarching scientific leader and 20 % Physics) WP0 responsibility, reporting to the Board. See Section 4a for Management expertise. Christina Isaxon F Asst. Prof. Operational Director Day-to-day operations within NanoTech Now Office, 50 % (Ergonomics and WP0 Management reporting to the Centre Leader. See Section 4a for expertise. Aerosol Technol.) Leader WP2 Safety Lars Samuelson M Prof. (Solid State Strategic Advisor on Founder of several start-ups within nanotechnology. Leader of 5 % Physics) University-Industry the Nanometer Structure Consortium (now NanoLund) at Collaboration Lund University during 1988-2012. Anna-Karin Alm F Project manager, Leader WP1 Expertise in university-industry collaborations and tech- 50 % Ph.D. Nanotech Now Network transfer Anders Mikkelsen M Prof. (Synchr otron Leader WP3 Vice-Director NanoLund. Expert in nanodevice 10 % Radiation Physics) Characterisation charatcerisation. Scientific responsible for NanoMAX at MAX IV. Maria Huffman F Director Lund Nano Leader WP4 Production >30 years’ experience from semicon-ductor and photovoltaics 10 % Lab industry. Expert in processing, product definition, proof-of- concept, manufacturing. Martin Magnusson M Assoc. Prof (Solid Leader WP6 Energy 7 years’ photovoltaics industry experience. Expertise in solar 10 % State Physics) cells, and scalable nanowire growth by aerotaxy. Christelle Prinz F Assoc. Prof. (Solid Leader WP8 Prec. Med. Nanobiology, biosensors, cell-nanostructure interactions, 10 % State Physics) superresolution microscopy Chalmers (CTH) Åsa Haglund F Prof. Main coordinator, Leader Semiconductor lasers and and III-nitride-based light emitters. 10 % WP7 Light & UV Halmstad University Håkan Pettersson M Prof., Head of Nano- Main coordinator, and Electrical and optical properties of nanostructures, infrared 10% science Research Gr. will be active in WPs 5,7 sensors. Senior researcher WP 7 Stefan Nilsson M Adj. Prof. (20%) WP 5 RF transceivers and their RF front-end components for mobile 10% Radio R&D at communication applications. Ericsson (80%), Senior researcher WP 5 RISE Jenny Rissler F Expert and Project WP 2 NanoSafety and synchrotron based spectroscopic techniques tbd Manager Michael Salter M Group Manager WP 4 Business development and production, nanoelectronics and tbd embedded systems Olof Hultin M Scientist and Project Leader WP5 Leading establishment of new scientific projects within RISE 10 % Manager Power Acreo. Expertise in nanodevices. Olof Sandberg M Chief Strategist Member of the Board Main coordinator of RISE project partnership tbd AcouSort AB Torsten Freltoft M CEO Main coordinator, Innovation in Life Science. (one of top 10 innovations 2018 tbd WP 2,3,4,8 by the journal The Scientist. Establish and run joint network activities. Initiating R&D project within SME-instrument Alfa Laval Lund AB Jenny Rehn Velut F Manager Mat. Tech. Main coordinator Characterization of heat exchangers from early R&D to scale- tbd and Chemistry up and market introduction Olga Santos, Ph.D F Materials specialist WPs 3,7 Research Scientist 5% Axel Knutsson, Ph.D M Materials specialist WPs 3,7 Characterization of heat exchangers from early R&D to scale- 5% up and market introduction Research Scientist Baxter Mattias Holmer M Research Scientist Main coordinator tbd Markus Nilsson M Research Scientist WPs 4,7,8 Research Scientist 5% Peter Sendelius M Research Scientist WPs 4,7,8 Research Scientist 5% Big Science Sweden Anna Hall F CEO Main coordinator Establish and run joint network activities tbd Lennart Gisselsson M Business Dev. & WP 1 Establish and run joint network activities tbd Project Management BrainLit AB Truls Löwgren M CTO Main coordinator,and Building teams, partnerships and strategies for product 10% WPs 3,7 development with strong focus on international business- and market relevance.

Research scientist. Camurus AB Justas Barauskas M Senior Res. Scientist WP 3 Molecular interactions in lipid-based colloidal systems tbd CR Competence AB Anna Stenstam F CEO Chair of Centre Board, Founder, entrepreneur, business development and innovation, 5 % WPs 2,3,4,8 CEO of contract research organisation within academia and industry. Initiating R&D projects Fagerhult Belysning Henrik Clausen M Dir. Fagerhult WP 7 Initiating R&D projects tbd Lighting Academy Marcus Fagerlind M Technical Prod.- WP 7 Initiating R&D project tbd manager Prod. Dev. Glo AB Fariba Danesh F CEO & President Main coordinator Expertise in international executive-level and operating tbd leadership Rafal Ciechonski M Senior Member of the WPs 3,4,7 Nanowire growth and processing for power electronics. 10% Technical Staff Scientist in WPs 3,4,5 Hexagem AB Jonas Ohlsson M CTO WPs 3,4,5,7 Advanced epitaxial growth of nanowires and devices 10% Innoscentia AB Rambabu Atluri M Head R&D Main coordinator Entrepreneurship, chemistry, sensors, nanosafety and tbd regulation on European level Robin Thiberg M CEO WPs 4,8 Digital bacteria sensors for food safety. Lithography 20% techniques. Scientist in WP 8 IR Nova AB Linda Höglund F R&D manager Main coordinator + WP 7 10% Orbital Systems AB Johanna Denbo F Head of Microbial. Main coordinator + WP 7 5% Region Skåne Daniel Kronmann M Head of Innovation Main contact Region Regional development, innovation strategy and smart tbd and Entreprenurship Skåne specialisation SAAB Avionics AB Anna-Karin Holmér F Senior System Main coordinator, 10% Engineer WPs 3,4,5,7 Science Village Scandinavia Fredrik Melander M Head of R&D relation Main coordinator + WP 1 Establish and run network activities 10 % Ulrika Lindmark F CEO Board Member Development of Science Village tbd Senzagen AB Ann-Christin F CEO Main coordinator + WP 2 Initiating R&D project within SME-instrument tbd Malmberg Hager SmiLe Incubator AB Ebba Fåhraues F CEO Board Member Innovation and commercialisation of research results tbd Sol Voltaics AB Mikael Björk M CTO Main coordinator R&D and patent strategy, venture capital investments tbd Linus Ludvigsson M Senior Aerosol WPs 3,4,6,8 Scientist 5% Engineer Ph.D Magnus Heurlin, Ph.D M Senior Engineer WPs 3,4,6,8 Scientist 10% Farnaz Yadegari F Senior Engineer M.Sc WPs 3,4,6,8 Scientist 10% Jaime Castillo M Sen. Ink & Film WPs 3,4,6,8 Scientist 5% Engineering Man. SwedNanoTech Åsalie Hartmanis F CEO Main coordinator, + WP 1 Representing the org.for Swedish nanotechnology actors. tbd SYSAV AB Mikael Quednau, M Chemist, Soil Main coordinator, and WP Expert waste treatment and recycling processes. Scientist WP 10% PhD. Remedia Specialist, 2,3,4 2 Tetra Pak Lars Sickert M Technology Main coordinator, WPs Industrial innovation & management in global companies tbd Analyst 2,3,4 and Board Member Watersprint AB Linda Kokkola F COO, responsible for Main coordinator, Expert water purification, micro biology, UV-Led market 10% R&D and production and WPs 4,7 Scientist WP 7

6. Financial Plan Overall approach – A guiding principle of is to make it possible for new companies to dynamically join the centre’s activities during the course of the project, and for new collaborative projects to be defined in the different work packages, facilitated also through the activities of the (see Section 3b and WP1). As a natural consequence of this dynamic approach, it is, at the time of writing of this proposal, not possible to define precisely the costs and revenue sources for each WP for the entire project period. Our approach is therefore to define already now in detail the projects, costs and revenue sources for all of Year 1 and for about 80% of the project volume of Year 2. Additional projects will be defined, and resources mobilized, as the result of the annual, industry-advised project selection process detailed in Section 4b. will fully adhere to the co-financing requirements stipulated by VINNOVA, namely that any VINNOVA funding will be matched, in equal parts, by cash and in-kind contributions from university (LU, Chalmers and Halmstad) and institutes (RISE) on the one hand, and by the private and public sector on the other hand. The cost and revenue budget can be found in “Appendix 6 Budget”. See sheet “6a cost budget” for a detailed division of cost per work package, stake holder and year. For the reasons explained above, the distribution of costs over WPs for Years 3-5 is estimated. We fully expect changes to collaboration partners and to the precise distribution of costs during Year 3-5 during the course of the project. The revenue budget is found in sheet “6b revenue budget”. The expected, new projects (to be defined with strong input from industry in a process detailed in Section 4b) are represented by the line” New projects” towards the bottom of the Revenue Budget.

6a. + 6b. Cost budget & Revenue budget – submitted separately via portal

Notes: i See https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld 1 See EU definition of KETs at: http://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/policy/key-enabling-technologies_en 2 See e.g. the Yole Oct. 2018 reprt on “MiniLED for Display Applications: LCD and Digital Signage”, Yole Nov. 2018 rep. “Power GaN 2018: Epitaxy, Devices, Applications and Technology Trends”, Yole May 2018 rep. “UV LEDs - Technology, Manufacturing and Application Trends 2018” 3 Wallentin, J., Anttu, N., Asoli, D., Huffman, M., Aberg, I., Magnusson, M. H., et al. (2013). InP Nanowire Array Solar Cells Achieving 13.8% Efficiency by Exceeding the Ray Optics Limit. Science, 339(6123), 1057–1060. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1230969; Åberg, I., Vescovi, G., Asoli, D., Naseem, U., Gilboy, J. P., Sundvall, C., et al. (n.d.). A GaAs Nanowire Array Solar Cell With 15.3% Efficiency at 1 Sun. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 1–6. http://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2484967 4 Where not indicated separately, the data in this section can be found on the NanoLund website, www.nano.lu.se, in particular in the NanoLund 2016 and 2017 Annual Reports 5 Bibliometric comparison searching for relevant keywords, internal report. 6 See definitions at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_factor 7 PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 8 More info at https://www.nffa.eu/about/ 9 Quantified by lookup of members in Swedish patent registration database and sorting out the nonrelated patents. 11 See EU comission Annex G.: https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/wp/2014_2015/annexes/h2020-wp1415- annex-g-trl_en.pdf 12 Identified as a ley challenge for Europe, see https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/policy/key-enabling- technologies/challenges_en 13 European Center for Power Electronics (ECPE) estimates in its latest report energy savings of 10-20% can be won in this sector alone through more efficient components. 14 Overall, electrified transport systems and power electronics in infrastructure are today for a market of $ 124 billion globally and is expected to increase to at least 140 billion by 2020. ECPE estimates that more than 25% of EU electricity consumption can be saved through better power electronics. 15 See for example the latest Renewable Energy Policy Network Global Status report 2018, https://www.ren21.net 16 Coordinator of three EU projects: Marie Curie ITN project PhD4Energy (3.2 M€, ending), FET project ABACUS (1.7 M€, ended) and FET Proactive project Bio4Comp (6.1 M€, ongoing); Lead investigator of an intercontinental Human Frontiers Science Program (HFSP) collaboration on synthetic molecular motors. Partners: Univ. of Oregon, SFU Vancouver (Canada), Univ. Bristol (UK) and UNSW Sydney (Australia) (1.3 M USD for 2008 – 2010); Lead investigator of an international NICOP collaboration funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) and ONR-Global. (600k USD for 2005 – 2008). 17 See http://www.phd4energy.lu.se/about-the-project/