Betulaceae Key & Charts
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Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Northern Fen Communitynorthern Abstract Fen, Page 1
Northern Fen CommunityNorthern Abstract Fen, Page 1 Community Range Prevalent or likely prevalent Infrequent or likely infrequent Absent or likely absent Photo by Joshua G. Cohen Overview: Northern fen is a sedge- and rush-dominated 8,000 years. Expansion of peatlands likely occurred wetland occurring on neutral to moderately alkaline following climatic cooling, approximately 5,000 years saturated peat and/or marl influenced by groundwater ago (Heinselman 1970, Boelter and Verry 1977, Riley rich in calcium and magnesium carbonates. The 1989). community occurs north of the climatic tension zone and is found primarily where calcareous bedrock Several other natural peatland communities also underlies a thin mantle of glacial drift on flat areas or occur in Michigan and can be distinguished from shallow depressions of glacial outwash and glacial minerotrophic (nutrient-rich) northern fens, based on lakeplains and also in kettle depressions on pitted comparisons of nutrient levels, flora, canopy closure, outwash and moraines. distribution, landscape context, and groundwater influence (Kost et al. 2007). Northern fen is dominated Global and State Rank: G3G5/S3 by sedges, rushes, and grasses (Mitsch and Gosselink 2000). Additional open wetlands occurring on organic Range: Northern fen is a peatland type of glaciated soils include coastal fen, poor fen, prairie fen, bog, landscapes of the northern Great Lakes region, ranging intermittent wetland, and northern wet meadow. Bogs, from Michigan west to Minnesota and northward peat-covered wetlands raised above the surrounding into central Canada (Ontario, Manitoba, and Quebec) groundwater by an accumulation of peat, receive inputs (Gignac et al. 2000, Faber-Langendoen 2001, Amon of nutrients and water primarily from precipitation et al. -
New Nomenclature Combinations in the Green Alder Species Complex
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 56:New 1–6 nomenclature(2015) combinations in the green alder species complex (Betulaceae) 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.56.5225 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New nomenclature combinations in the green alder species complex (Betulaceae) Joyce Chery1 1 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Corresponding author: Joyce Chery ([email protected]) Academic editor: Hugo De Boer | Received 1 May 2015 | Accepted 10 June 2015 | Published 14 August 2015 Citation: Chery J (2015) New nomenclature combinations in the green alder species complex (Betulaceae). PhytoKeys 56: 1–6. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.56.5225 Abstract The name Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC., based on Betula viridis Chaix (1785), has traditionally been attributed to green alders although it is based on a later basionym. Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch based on Betula alnobetula Ehrh. (1783) is the correct name for green alders. In light of the increasing use and recognition of the name Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch in the literature. I herein propose new nomenclatural combinations to account for the Japanese and Chinese subspecies respectively: Alnus alnobetula subsp. maximowiczii (Callier ex C.K. Schneid.) J. Chery and Alnus alnobetula subsp. mandschurica (Callier ex C.K. Schneid.) J. Chery. Recent phylogenetic analyses place these two taxa in the green alder species complex, suggesting that they should be treated as infraspecific taxa under the polymorphic Alnus alnobetula. Keywords Green alders, Alnus viridis, Alnus alnobetula, Betulaceae Introduction Characteristic to the genus, Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch is an anemophilous shrub with carpellate catkins that develop into woody strobili. -
Diversity of Wisconsin Rosids
Diversity of Wisconsin Rosids . oaks, birches, evening primroses . a major group of the woody plants (trees/shrubs) present at your sites The Wind Pollinated Trees • Alternate leaved tree families • Wind pollinated with ament/catkin inflorescences • Nut fruits = 1 seeded, unilocular, indehiscent (example - acorn) *Juglandaceae - walnut family Well known family containing walnuts, hickories, and pecans Only 7 genera and ca. 50 species worldwide, with only 2 genera and 4 species in Wisconsin Carya ovata Juglans cinera shagbark hickory Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Leaves pinnately compound, alternate (walnuts have smallest leaflets at tip) Leaves often aromatic from resinous peltate glands; allelopathic to other plants Carya ovata Juglans cinera shagbark hickory Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family The chambered pith in center of young stems in Juglans (walnuts) separates it from un- chambered pith in Carya (hickories) Juglans regia English walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Trees are monoecious Wind pollinated Female flower Male inflorescence Juglans nigra Black walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Male flowers apetalous and arranged in pendulous (drooping) catkins or aments on last year’s woody growth Calyx small; each flower with a bract CA 3-6 CO 0 A 3-∞ G 0 Juglans cinera Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Female flowers apetalous and terminal Calyx cup-shaped and persistant; 2 stigma feathery; bracted CA (4) CO 0 A 0 G (2-3) Juglans cinera Juglans nigra Butternut, white -
Betula Alleghaniensis Britton Yellow Birch Betu Laceae Birch Family G
Betula alleghaniensis Britton Yellow Birch Betu laceae Birch family G. G. Erdmann Yellow birch (Bet&a alleghaniensis) is the most precipitation may be snow. Snowfall ranges from 152 valuable of the native birches. It is easily recognized to 356 cm (60 to 140 in) and averages 229 cm (90 in) by the yellowish-bronze exfoliating bark for which it in the north. The growing season ranges from 60 to is named. The inner bark is aromatic and has a 150 days and averages about 120 days. flavor of winter-green. Other names are gray birch, silver birch, and swamp birch. This slow-growing Soils and Topography long-lived tree is found with other hardwoods and conifers on moist well-drained soils of the uplands Yellow birch grows over a large area with diverse and mountain ravines. It is an important source of hardwood lumber and a good browse plant for deer geology, topography, and soil and moisture condi- and moose. Other wildlife feed on the buds and tions. In Michigan and Wisconsin it is found on gla- cial tills, outwash sands, lacustrine deposits, shallow seeds. loess deposits, and residual soils derived from sandstone, limestone, and igneous and metamorphic Habitat rock (95). Soils are also derived from granites, schists, and shales in other parts of its range. Native Range Growth of yellow birch is affected by soil texture, drainage, rooting depth, stone content in the rooting Yellow birch (fig. 1) ranges from Newfoundland, zone, elevation, aspect, and fertility. Yellow birch Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Anticosti Island grows best on well-drained, fertile loams and west through southern Ontario to extreme moderately well-drained sandy loams within the soil southeastern Manitoba; south to Minnesota and orders Spodosols and Inceptisols and on flats and northeastern Iowa; east to northern Illinois, Ohio, lower slopes (45). -
Betula Pumila Protocol
Plant Propagation Protocol for [Insert Species] ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production TAXONOMY Family Names Family Scientific Name: Betulaceae Family Common Name: birch Scientific Names Genus: Betula Species: pumila Species Authority: Linnaeus Variety: glandulifera Sub-species: - Cultivar: - Authority for Regel (1) Variety/Sub-species: Common Synonym(s) BEGL2 Betula glandulifera (Regel) Butler BEGLG Betula glandulosa Michx. var. glandulifera (Regel) Gleason BEGLH Betula glandulosa Michx. var. hallii (Howell) C.L. Hitchc. BENAG Betula nana L. var. glandulifera (Regel) B. Boivin (1) Common Name(s): bog birch, scrub birch, swamp birch, scrub birch, dwarf birch (4)(8) Species Code: BEPUG (1) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range Distributed from British Columbia to California. (4) (1) (1) (1) Ecological distribution: Grows well in wet places such as swamps and bogs. (4) Climate and elevation range Local habitat and Occurs infrequently (4) abundance: Plant strategy type / successional stage Plant characteristics 6-8 feet, low, shrubby, perennial. Miniature foliage, flower and fruit. (4) Flowers are monoecious on catkins. Staminate catkins remain on trees over winter, elongate and open in spring. Pistillate catkins resemble small cones emerge with leaves. (7) PROPAGATION DETAILS Ecotype - Propagation Goal: Seeds Propagation Method: Best propagated from seed. Propagates regularly and seeds can be treated like alder seeds. (4) Can be propagated by cuttings and tissue culture. (9) Layering may also work. (8) Product Type: - Stock Type: - Time to Grow: Flowers May-June, fruits ripen September-October, seed dispersal occurs October-March. (7) Target Specifications: - Propagule Collection: Collect ripe fruits in summer of fall before they drop from the catkins. (5) Seed turns from greenish tan to light brown or tan at maturity. -
Carpinus Betulus - European Hornbeam (Betulaceae) ------Carpinus Betulus Is a Columnar to Teardrop-Shaped Tree
Carpinus betulus - European Hornbeam (Betulaceae) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Carpinus betulus is a columnar to teardrop-shaped tree. Twigs European Hornbeam is noted for fine and dense texture, -olive-brown and lenticeled, with ornamental winter ornamental winter bark and buds, dense summer foliage, buds that are long and partially curving around the twigs pendulous spring catkins, and unusual autumn fruits. -the twigs are similar to those of the European Beech, but the latter has winter buds that extend straight out of FEATURES the stem at a 45 degree angle. Form Trunk -medium-sized deciduous tree; the -smooth and steel gray, but having a muscled character rarely available species form maturing to its appearance at 40' tall x 30' wide, with the common cultivars more compact; USAGE species form an upright oval growth Function habit in youth, quickly becoming a -specimen or focal point tree of great symmetrical and spreading oval (low-branched teardrop architectural value; can also be an effective year-round shape) with maturity screen or tall, wide hedge when used in rows -medium growth rate Culture Texture -full sun to partial sun; prefers a well-drained soil but is -fine texture in foliage and when bare; thick density in adaptable to various soils and soil pHs; if transplanted foliage and when bare, with many ascending twigs and in autumn, use amended soil, fertilize, mulch liberally, branches forming a thick canopy even in winter and avoid winter salt spray Assets -cultivars -
Flora of South Australia 5Th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann
Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann KEY TO FAMILIES1 J.P. Jessop2 The sequence of families used in this Flora follows closely the one adopted by the Australian Plant Census (www.anbg.gov. au/chah/apc), which in turn is based on that of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III 2009) and Mabberley’s Plant Book (Mabberley 2008). It differs from previous editions of the Flora, which were mainly based on the classification system of Engler & Gilg (1919). A list of all families recognised in this Flora is printed in the inside cover pages with families already published highlighted in bold. The up-take of this new system by the State Herbarium of South Australia is still in progress and the S.A. Census database (www.flora.sa.gov.au/census.shtml) still uses the old classification of families. The Australian Plant Census web-site presents comparison tables of the old and new systems on family and genus level. A good overview of all families can be found in Heywood et al. (2007) and Stevens (2001–), although these authors accept a slightly different family classification. A number of names with which people using this key may be familiar but are not employed in the system used in this work have been included for convenience and are enclosed on quotation marks. 1. Plants reproducing by spores and not producing flowers (“Ferns and lycopods”) 2. Aerial shoots either dichotomously branched, with scale leaves and 3-lobed sporophores or plants with fronds consisting of a simple or divided sterile blade and a simple or branched spikelike sporophore .................................................................................. -
Draft Plant Propagation Protocol
Plant Propagation Protocol for [Alnus viridis] ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Alnus viridis Common Name Green alder Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Family: Betulaceae Genus: Alnus Mill. – alder Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. – green alder Varieties Sub-species Alnus viridis subsp. crispa Alnus viridis subsp. fruticosa Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata Alnus viridis subsp. suaveolens Alnus viridis subsp. viridis Cultivar Shrub, tree. Common Synonym(s) Alnus alnobetula Betula alnobetula Common Name(s) Green alder Species Code ALVI5 GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range It ranges from sohern alaska south to norther calfornia and into northern Idaho and Montana. (2) Ecological distribution Green alder is widely distributed throughout interior, central, and northern Alaska across the Yukon Territory and interior Canada to Labrador, Newfoundland, and Greenland. It extends south through New England and the Great Lakes States, and into the Pacific Northwest. Disjunct populations are documented in south-central Pennsylvania and west- central North Carolina (1) Climate and elevation range Grows from sea level up to 1200m (2) Local habitat and abundance Most common native habitats are high mountains swamps, and bottom lands along streams. Plant strategy type / successional A. viridis is a light-demanding, fast-growing shrub that stage grows well on poorer soils. In many areas, it is a highly characteristic colonist of avalanche chutes in mountains, where potentially competing larger trees are killed by regular avalanche damage. Plant characteristics It is a large shrub or small tree 3–12 m tall with smooth grey bark even in old age. The leaves are shiny green with light green undersurfaces, ovoid, 3–8 cm long and 2–6 cm broad. -
Corylus Colurna (Turkish Hazel)
Corylus colurna Turkish Hazel Corylus colurna is a large tree which is native to South East Europe and South West Asia. The crown is columnar when young but broadens with age, forming a beautiful pyramidal shape ideally suited to avenue planting. Seasonal interest is provided by elegant long yellow catkins in spring, clusters of edible nuts in frilly cups and good yellow autumn foliage colour. The pale brown corky bark is also very attractive throughout the year. Corylus colurna is very tough and will thrive in nearly all soils including both clay and chalk. It is also extremely tolerant of exposure and paved areas which make it a perfect candidate for urban planting. August 2013 Corylus colurna 20-25-30cm girth field grown trees Plant Profile Name: Corylus colurna Common Name: Turkish Hazel Family: Betulaceae Height: 20m+ Demands: Grows well in all soils, including chalk and clay. Bark: Attractive, pale brown corky bark Foliage: Dark green, shiny leaves Flower: Long yellow catkins in spring Fruit: Clusters of hazelnuts in large frilly cups Summer leaf of Turkish Hazel Deepdale Trees Ltd., Tithe Farm, Hatley Road, Potton, Sandy, Beds. SG19 2DX. Tel: 01767 26 26 36 www.deepdale-trees.co.uk Corylus colurna Turkish Hazel Corylus colurna is the largest species of hazel reaching 25 m in height Summer leaf 25-30cm girth standards in Air-pot Corylus colurna 40-45 girth standards Attractive corky bark Turkish Hazelnuts Deepdale Trees Ltd., Tithe Farm, Hatley Road, Potton, Sandy, Beds. SG19 2DX. Tel: 01767 26 26 36 www.deepdale-trees.co.uk. -
Native Tree Families, Including Large and Small Trees, 1/1/08 in the Southern Blue Ridge Region (Compiled by Rob Messick Using Three Sources Listed Below.)
Native Tree Families, Including Large and Small Trees, 1/1/08 in the Southern Blue Ridge Region (Compiled by Rob Messick using three sources listed below.) • Total number of tree families listed in the southern Blue Ridge region = 33. • Total number of native large and small tree species listed = 113. (Only 84 according to J. B. & D. L..) There are 94 tree species in more frequently encountered families. There are 19 tree species in less frequently encountered families. • There is 93 % compatibility between Ashe & Ayers (1902), Little (1980), and Swanson (1994). (W. W. Ashe lists 105 tree species in the region in 1902. These are fully compatible with current listings.) ▸means more frequently encountered species. ?? = means a tree species that possibly occurs in the region, though its presence is not clear. More frequently encountered tree families (21): Pine Family Cashew Family Walnut Family Holly Family Birch Family Maple Family Beech Family Horse-chestnut (Buckeye) Family Magnolia Family Linden (Basswood) Family Laurel Family Tupelo-gum Family Witch-hazel Family Dogwood Family Plane-tree (Sycamore) Family Heath Family Rose Family Ebony Family Legume Family Storax (Snowbell) Family Olive Family Less frequently encountered tree families (12): Cypress Family Bladdernut Family Willow Family Buckthorn Family Elm Family Tea Family Mulberry Family Ginseng Family Custard-apple (Annona) Family Sweetleaf Family Rue Family Honeysuckle Family ______________________________________________________________________________ • More Frequently Encountered Tree Families: Pine Family (10): ▸ Fraser fir - Abies fraseri (a.k.a. Balsam) ▸ red spruce - Picea rubens ▸ shortleaf pine - Pinus echinata ▸ table mountain pine - Pinus pungens ▸ pitch pine - Pinus rigida ▸ white pine - Pinus strobus ▸ Virginia pine - Pinus virginiana loblolly pine - Pinus taeda ▸ eastern hemlock - Tsuga canadensis (a.k.a. -
The Flora of Lake Vermillion Minnesota," Ames Forester: Vol
Volume 5 Article 7 1-1-1917 The lorF a of Lake Vermillion Minnesota L. H. Pammel Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/amesforester Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Pammel, L. H. (1917) "The Flora of Lake Vermillion Minnesota," Ames Forester: Vol. 5 , Article 7. Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/amesforester/vol5/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ames Forester by an authorized editor of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Flora of Lake Vermillion Minnesota. L. H . PAMMEL, Ph. D . Professor of Botany, Iowa Sta te Colleg e. Lake Vermillion is situated 1n the Northern portion of St. Louis county, north and a little east of Duluth and may lbe reached via the Duluth and Iron Range Railway. The lake is only 35 miles long, but it has 800 miles of shore line. In many places the shore line is rocky, in others, however, there· are sandy beaches. The lake is noted for its many islands. Those who ·profess to know, state that there are 355. Some islands are only 100 feet square, while one of the large islands contains several thousand acres, including several small lakes. The depth of the lake varies from a few feet to 150 feet. At one time there was considerable timber in the region, mostly white pine (Pinus strobus), red pine (Pinus resinosa) and some Jack pine (Pinus divari cata).