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Lawns for Island Homes: CHOOSING a GRASS for YOUR LAWN

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Lawns for Island Homes: CHOOSING a GRASS for YOUR LAWN UNIVERSITY OF HA WAIi •COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE• CIRCULAR 42S Lawns for Island Homes: CHOOSING A GRASS FOR YOUR LAWN David A. Akana County Extension Agent Acknowledgments The author wishes to acknowledge the help in the preparation of this circular of the following individuals: Professor Makoto Takahashi, Associate Agronomist, University of Hawaii Wayne C. Morgan, formerly Farm Advisor, Los Angeles County, California Frank M. Tong, Horticulture and Landscape Design, Board of Water Supply, City and County of Honolulu Lawns for Island Homes: CHOOSING A GRASS FOR YOUR LAWN David A. Akana County Extension Agent To choose a grass for your lawn, ask Your choice of lawn grass depends yourself a few important questions: upon the type of use your lawn will receive. Will your lawn be for beauty 1. How much time can you devote to alone or will it be for family fun and lawn care? 2. What are you going to use the lawn entertainment? Some of the lawn for? grasses can be played and walked on 3. What is the type ofsoil you plan continually, while others cannot to establish your lawn on? withstand much traffic. For instance, 4. What equipment will you need for most bermudagrasses and all the proper care ofyour lawn? zoysiagrasses can stand wear whereas 5. Is your family interested in caring McCoygrass is easily damaged. Unlike fora lawn? the bermudagrasses, the zoysiagrasses, 6. How much money will you be buffalograss and McCoygrass grow willing to spend for establishing well under shade. Likewise, and maintaining a lawn? centipedegrass is also adapted to Lawn care should be a family affair, shade. for every family member enjoys the lawn for its beauty, its recreational Most soils can produce good grass use, and for entertaining friends and but some are too clayey and remain relatives. Nothing but grass feels so too wet. Some soils are sweet good to the bare feet. Nothing but (alkaline) while others are sour grass is soft, spongy, and resilient, (acid). These soil conditions, if yet easy to keep clean. corrected, can grow good grass. 2 Nowadays, most homeowners would definite areas for grass, shrubs, and like a lawn grass that needs no other ground covers. Plan a definite mowing. Unfortunately, all of the amount of money to spend for the presently used lawn grasses do need lawn. some mowing, although new grasses are being developed that require less Your lawn will only be as good as mowing than others. For small lawn your family's desire to make it so. areas you will find that a hand mower Make lawn care a family project. will do. Ifthe lawn area is large, the Manage it right and you will have a homeowner should purchase a power green carpet you will enjoy. If your reel mower. Rotary mowers have a family members need persuasion place in lawn care where evenness of before they will help care for the cut is not too critical. The blades lawn, ask them, What would a should be kept sharp and adjusted at beautiful home be without carpeting? all times. A lawn edger is another Likewise, your garden deserves to piece of equipment you should have a green carpet. A fine lawn is to obtain. If you have a mower, an the exterior of a home what fine edger, a sprayer, a hose, a sprinkler, carpeting is to the interior. and perhaps a hand fertilizer-spreader, and if you put your best efforts into The following descriptions and caring for the lawn, you can have a evaluations of the available lawn good lawn. grasses suitable to Hawaii will help Your lawn is an investment. In you decide upon the type of lawn planning your landscape, set aside grass best suited for your needs. 3 AN EVALUATION OF LAWN GRASSES FOR HAWAII NITROGEN CHARACTERISTICS PROPAGATION FERTILIZER LAWN GRASSES METHOD/ BEST MOWING REQUIREMENTS AND APPEARANCE DESIRABLE UNDESIRABLE LOCATION 1,000 sq. ft. HEIGHT FOR BEST QUALITY Bermudagrasses Resists wear; has deep root Vigorous grower, often where Sun Seed hulled. %to %in. (lb. actual nitrogen/ system, low moisture re- not wanted; susceptible to lawn 1 to 2 lbs. 1,000 sq. ft.) Common, Manienie quirement; tolerates saline armyworms, grass webworm, her- Sprigs l lb. per month or 2 to (Cynodon dactylon, Pers.) and alkaline soils; stands mudagrass mite, hunting billbug; 1 to 2 bu. 3 lbs. every 30 to 90 Gray-green; medium-coarse moderate acidity; tolerates builds thatch; easily invaded by Stolons days or as determined texture; long internodes. many herbicides. weeds. 3 to 5 bu. by color. Pl.ugs 8 to 10 sq. ft. Tifgreen (Hybrid) Resists wear; tolerates saline Vigorous grower; very susceptible Sun Sprigs 3/16 to Y-i in. for l lb. per month or 2 to Tifton 328 and alkaline soils; stands to lawn armyworms; susceptible 1 to 2 bu. putting greens; 3 lbs. every 30 to 90 (Cynodon 'Tifgreen') moderate acidity; grows in to hunting billbugs, grass web- Stolons % to% in:for days or as determined compacted soils; shy flower- worm, bermudagrass scales; builds 3 to 5 bu. lawns. by color. Dark green; fine texture ing except during summer; thatch; injured by some herbi- Pl.ugs with prostrate growth; beautiful appearance under cides. 8 to 10 sq. ft. shorter internodes than proper management. common bermudagrass. Tifdwarf (Hybrid) Resists wear; tolerates saline Very susceptible to grass web- Sun Sprigs 3/16 to 3/8 in. for l lb. per month or 2 to (Cynodon 'Tifdwarf) and alkaline soils; stands worm, also susceptible to other 1 to 2 bu. putting greens; 3 lbs. every 30 to 90 moderate acidity; denser insects and certain diseases; builds Stolons %to% in. for days or as determined Dark green; finer texture sod than Tifgreen requiring thatch; slower than Tifgreen to than Tifgreen; shorter blades 3 to 5 bu. lawns. by color. less frequent mowing; fairly form sod; injured by some herbi- Pl.ugs and internodes than Tif- fast recovery. cides. green; height of growth 8 to 10 sq. ft. Y-i that of Tifgreen.. No-mow Resists some wear; tolerates Susceptible to grass webworm, Sun Sprigs Y2 to% in. 1 lb. per month or 2 to (Cynodon dactylon 'No­ saline and alkaline soils; lawn armyworms, hunting bill­ or 1 to 2 bu. 3 lbs. every 30 to 90 mow') grows in compacted soils; bugs; severely damaged by disease; light Stolons days or as determined drought resistant; requires builds thatch; slow to establish. 1 shade 3 to 5 bu. by color. Dark blue-green; medium minimum mowing. texture; low, flat creeping Pl.ugs growth; not more than 3 8 to 10 sq. ft. inches high. 4 5 AN EVALUATION OF LAWN GRASSES FOR HAWAII NITROGEN CHARACTERISTICS PROPAGATION FERTILIZER LAWN GRASSES METHOD/ BEST MOWING REQUIREMENTS AND APPEARANCE DESIRABLE UNDESIRABLE LOCATION 1,000 sq. ft. HEIGHT FOR BEST QUALITY Zoysiagrasses* Resists wear; shade tolerant; Badly attacked by billbugs; may Sun Plugs As desired or (lb. actual nitrogen/ may be left unmowed; sel­ be attacked by rust fungus; builds or 1 sq. yd./ Yz to% in. 1,000 sq. ft.) Mascarene, Temple,Korean, dom flowers; tolerates most thatch; slowest of _the zoysias to shifting 350 sq. ft. Yz lb. per month or 2 Velvet herbicides. establish; forms hummocks .that shade Sprigs lbs. ~ery 30 to 90 days (Zoysi<i* tenuifoli<i, Willd.) are difficult to mow; requires 1 sq. yd / or as determined by Medium green; fine texture; heavy-duty mower; requires good 800 sq. ft. color. blades stiff with sharp drainage; demands much water; Stolons points; pronounced hum­ leaves stiff. 3 to 5 bu. mocks or humps. Manilagrass Resists wear; shade tolerant; Attacked by billbugs; may be Sun Plugs %to 1 in. Yz lb. per month or 2 (Zoysia* matrella, Merr.) tolerant of salinity, drooght, attacked by rust fungus; builds or 1 sq. yd./ lbs. every 30 to 90 days mild acidity, compacted thatch; slow to become estab­ shifting 350 sq. ft. or as determined by Deep green; medium tex­ soils; keeps out weeds when lished; forms some hummocks; shade Sprigs color. ture; blades flat and shorter well established; tolerates requires good drainage; leaves 1 sq. yd./ than Mascarenegrass; blades most herbicides. stiff; requires heavy-duty mower. 800 sq. ft. stiff; not as hummocky as Stolons Mascarenegrass. 3 to 5 bu. Emerald Zoysia* Resists wear; shade tolerant; Attacked by billbugs; may be Sun Plugs %to 1 in. Yz lb. per month or 2 (Zoysi<i* 'Emerald') tolerates salinity, drought, attacked by rust fungus; builds or 1 sq. yd./ lbs. every 30 to 90 days mild acidity, compacted thatch; forms some hummocks; shifting 350 sq. ft. or as determined by Deep green; medium tex­ soils; spreads faster than requires heavy-duty mower; re­ shade Sprigs color. ture; blades shorter than Manilagrass; best of the quires good drainage; leaves stiff; 1 sq. yd./ Manilagrass;blades stiff;not zoysiagrasses for lawns; many seed heads. 800 sq. ft. as hmnmocky as Mascarene­ keeps out weeds when well Stolons grass; free flowering. established; tolerates most 3 to 5 bu. herbicides. *Also spelled zoisia. 6 7 AN EVALUATION OF LAWN GRASSES FOR HAWAII NITROGEN CHARACTERISTICS PROPAGATION FERTILIZER LAWN GRASSES METHOD/ BEST MOWING REQUIREMENTS AND APPEARANCE DESIRABLE UNDESIRABLE LOCATION 1,000 sq. ft. HEIGHT FOR BEST QUALITY Zoysiagrasses* (Continued) Resists wear; shade tolerant; Attacked by billbugs; may be Sun Pl.ugs %to 1 in. (lb. actual nitrogen/ Meyer Z-52 tolerant of salinity, mild attacked by, rust fungus; builds or 1 sq. yd./ 1,000 sq. ft.) (Zoysia* japonica 'Meyer') acidity, compacted soils; thatch; requires heavy-duty mow­ shifting 350 sq. ft. Y:z lb. per month or 2 produces no hummocks; er; needs good drainage; leaves shade Sprigs lbs.
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