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Phialocephala Cladophialophoroides Fungal Planet Description Sheets 359

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Phialocephala Cladophialophoroides Fungal Planet Description Sheets 359 358 Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017 Phialocephala cladophialophoroides Fungal Planet description sheets 359 Fungal Planet 613 – 20 June 2017 Phialocephala cladophialophoroides Madrid, C. Tapia, V. Silva & M. Lafourcade, sp. nov. Etymology. The name refers to the morphological similarity between this Notes — This fungus was isolated from toe nail lesions of an fungus and members of the genus Cladophialophora. immunocompromised patient. The clinical case is currently un- Classification — Vibrisseaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes. der study and will be reported elsewhere. The isolate remained sterile or sporulated poorly on routine mycological media, such On water agar with sterilised pine needles (PNA): Mycelium as malt extract agar or Sabouraud dextrose agar. Therefore, consisting of septate, branched, subhyaline to dark olivaceous it was grown on PNA in order to stimulate sporulation. On this brown, smooth to verruculose, thin- to thick-walled, 1–6 µm medium, undifferentiated fertile hyphae produced cladosporioid, wide hyphae, with moniliform segments showing swollen cells coherent chains of aseptate, subglobose to elongate dematia- up to 8 µm wide. Conidiophores micronematous, often reduced ceous conidia without dark scars. These morphological features to conidiogenous cells, pale to dark olivaceous brown, smooth closely resembled those of Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales), to verruculose. Conidiogenous cells mostly subcylindrical, a genus which includes important clinically-relevant species 12–25 × 4–6 µm. Conidia in acropetal, simple, strongly cohe- with a broad clinical spectrum, including chromoblastomycosis, rent chains, mostly subglobose to subcylindrical, aseptate, pale phaeohyphomycosis, mycetoma and onychomycosis (Badali et olivaceous brown to dark brown, smooth-walled to verruculose, al. 2008, Brasch et al. 2011). BLAST searches with the ITS se- 5–17(–22) × (4–)5–6(–7) µm. Chlamydospores and sexual quence of isolate CCCT 17.04, however, revealed affinities with morph not observed. species of Phialocephala (Helotiales), and the closest match Culture characteristics — Colonies after 21 d at 25 °C at- was the type species, P. dimorphospora (ex-type strain, CBS taining 26 mm on PNA and 29 mm on MEA, funiculose, with a 300.62, ITS sequence GenBank AF486121, and other strains, fimbriate margin, olivaceous black on the former medium, dark 97–98 % identical). Considering that the ITS region provides grey on the latter; reverse concolorous with obverse on each little resolution for closely related taxa in Phialocephala (Tanney medium. et al. 2016), isolate CCCT 17.04 was considered to represent Typus. CHILE, Santiago, isolated from human toe nail, Nov. 2016, C. Tapia a species different from P. dimorphospora. (holotype SGO 167659, ex-type culture CCCT 17.04, ITS and LSU sequences The genus Phialocephala traditionally has been characterised GenBank KY798313 and KY798314, MycoBank MB820647). by macronematous conidiophores bearing penicillately ar- ranged, phialidic conidiogenous cells with deep collarettes and aseptate conidia in slimy masses (Kendrick 1961, Seifert et al. 2011). These structures are produced by P. dimorphospora in cultures on MEA at 25 °C (Mouton et al. 1993), but were not observed in isolate CCCT 17.04. Several studies have re- vealed a high degree of morphological plasticity in the asexual morphs of Phialocephala, including the occasional presence of an accompanying anavirga-like or diplococcium-like morph in some species, or the production of a synnematous conidial apparatus with blastic, non-phialidic, conidiogenous cells in P. oblonga (Descals & Sutton 1976, Tanney et al. 2016). In spite of this morphological variability, no cladophialophora-like morph has been reported previously in Phialocephala, supporting the proposal of the novel species described herein. Colour illustrations. Urban landscape in Santiago de Chile; colony after 21 d at 25 °C on water agar with sterilised pine needles; moniliform hypha; developing and detached conidial chains. Scale bars = 10 µm. Hugo Madrid, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor de Chile, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: [email protected] Cecilia Tapia, Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: [email protected] Víctor Silva, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor de Chile, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: [email protected] Mónica Lafourcade, Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: [email protected] © 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute.
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