Corpo, Autoinscrição E Autoria No Cinema De Chantal Akerman

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Corpo, Autoinscrição E Autoria No Cinema De Chantal Akerman INSTITUTO DE ARTE E COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CINEMA E AUDIOVISUAL MESTRADO EM CINEMA E AUDIOVISUAL LUANA MENDONÇA CABRAL ESSA SOU EU: CORPO, AUTOINSCRIÇÃO E AUTORIA NO CINEMA DE CHANTAL AKERMAN Niterói 20202019 Ficha catalográfica automática - SDC/BCG Gerada com informações fornecidas pelo autor C117e Cabral, Luana Mendonça Essa sou eu : Corpo, autoinscrição e autoria no cinema de Chantal Akerman / Luana Mendonça Cabral ; Marina Cavalcanti Tedesco, orientadora. Niterói, 2020. 150 p. Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 2020. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/PPGCine.2020.m.13344263765 1. Cinema. 2. Chantal Akerman. 3. Feminista. 4. Corpo no cinema. 5. Produção intelectual. I. Tedesco, Marina Cavalcanti, orientadora. II. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Arte e Comunicação Social. III. Título. CDD - Bibliotecário responsável: Sandra Lopes Coelho - CRB7/3389 LUANA MENDONÇA CABRAL ESSA SOU EU: CORPO, AUTOINSCRIÇÃO E AUTORIA NO CINEMA DE CHANTAL AKERMAN Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Cinema e Audiovisual da Universidade Federal Fluminense (PPGCine UFF) para obtenção do título de Mestra em Cinema e Audiovisual. Linha de Pesquisa: Narrativas e Estéticas Orientadora: Prof. Dra. Marina Cavalcanti Tedesco Niterói 2020 Para Heitor, com saudades AGRADECIMENTOS Ao concluir esse trabalho, agradeço a todos os(as) professores(as), alunos(as) e colaboradores(as) do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cinema e Audiovisual da Universidade Federal Fluminense pela dedicação e o esforço empregados em sua construção. Sobretudo, agradeço aos(às) discentes, colegas de turma e companheiros(as) de pós-graduação, pelas conversas, pelas trocas e pelo aprendizado compartilhado. Aos colegas pesquisadores e professores da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, especialmente a Erly Vieira Jr., amigo e ex-orientador, agradeço por terem me introduzido a boa parte das discussões que permeiam esta dissertação. À minha orientadora, Marina Tedesco, agradeço pela generosidade, pela confiança irrestrita em mim depositada e pela sua dedicação. Estendo o agradecimento e os elogios aos demais membros da banca, João Luiz Vieira e Carla Maia, cujas observações ao longo dessa jornada mostraram-se cruciais para o resultado final do trabalho. A Andre, Iara e Maíra, todo o meu amor: vocês representam uma rede de apoio que viabilizou a conclusão desse mestrado, realizado inteiramente sem bolsas de pesquisa, parcialmente longe de casa. Com as amizades, recentes ou de longa data, compartilho a nada trivial alegria de viver entre nossos pares. Um dia, quis fazer um filme sobre mim. Chantal Akerman De certa maneira, eu fiz do meu corpo um presente para outras mulheres: devolvendo a nós mesmas os nossos próprios corpos. Carolee Schneemann RESUMO Este trabalho investiga os modos como a cineasta Chantal Akerman articula a inclusão de seu próprio corpo na tessitura fílmica, com o objetivo de compreender como esse mesmo movimento, doravante denominado autoinscricão na mise-en-scène, se desenvolve no contexto de sua obra ao longo dos anos e, para além disso, como essa operação estética impacta a experiência de assistir a cada uma das obras aqui estudadas. A partir da análise dos filmes Saute ma ville (1968), Eu, tu, ele, ela (1974), News From Home (1977), Lá (2006) e Não é um filme caseiro (2015), são identificados os elementos formais utilizados na construção da estratégia de autoinscrição empregada em cada um dos objetos estudados. A operação estética aqui analisada é contextualizada a partir do estudo de filmes feministas e experimentais realizados durante os anos 1960 e 1970, traçando caminhos para uma conexão entre a Segunda Onda Feminista e o contexto de surgimento da Teoria Feminista do Cinema com a atividade desses grupo de cineastas, no qual está incluída a própria Chantal Akerman, e a observada recorrência de uma estratégia de autoinscrição nos filmes de tais realizadoras. Feito isso, a investigação busca na materialidade dos filmes a compreensão desse gesto enquanto uma operação performática da autoria, na qual a cineasta inscreve-se a partir da fricção de seu corpo com o corpo fílmico, evidenciando a presença textual da enunciação a partir da identificação de uma experiência corporal mediadora de sua relação com o mundo, inserida na mise-en-scène como mediação da relação entre filme e espectador(a). Finalmente, a fim de melhor compreender a amplitude do gesto autoinscritivo de autoria performática no cinema de Akerman, são investigadas as poéticas de autoria (auteurepoetics) que envolvem os processos autorreflexivos em seu trabalho, da literatura às artes visuais, definidas pelo seu caráter multimídia e multidisciplinar. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: AUTOINSCRIÇÃO; AUTORIA; CHANTAL AKERMAN; CORPO; TEORIA FEMINISTA DO CINEMA. ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the ways in which the director Chantal Akerman articulates an inclusion of her own body in the very structure of her films, with the aim of understanding how this action, henceforth called self-inscription on the mise-en-scène, it's developed on her work over the years. Moreover, we aim to understand how this aesthetic operation impacts the experience of watching these films. From the analysis of the films Saute ma ville (1968), Je tu il elle (1974), News From Home (1977), Là-bas (2006) and No Home Movie (2015), we identify the formal elements used on the construction of the self-inscription strategy used on the objects studied. By contextualizing the aesthetic operation here analyzed with feminist and experimental films produced during the 1960s and 1970s, we outline paths for a connection among the emergence of Feminist Film Theory, the Second Wave, and the artistic endeavor of this specific group of filmmakers, in which Chantal Akerman herself is included, observing a certain recurrence of this self-inscribing strategy amongst their films. After that, our investigation returns to the materiality of Chantal Akerman’s films, in order to better understand and analyze their operation of performing authorship, in which the filmmaker inscribes herself through the friction of her body with the body of the film, thus evidencing the textual presence of the enunciation, from the identification of a bodily experience that mediates its relationship with the world – inscribed in the mise-en-scène as a form of mediation between the relationship of film and spectator. Finally, in order to understand the scope of Akerman’s self-inscribing performing authorship, we investigate the poetics of authorship (auteurepoetics) present in her work, from literature to visual arts, which involves self-reflexive processes defined by their multimedia and multidisciplinary nature. KEYWORDS: AUTHORSHIP; CHANTAL AKERMAN; BODY, FEMINIST FILM THEORY; SELF-INSCRIPTION. SUMÁRIO NOTA PRELIMINAR 17 INTRODUÇÃO 21 1 A CINEASTA NA MISE-EN-SCÈNE: ARTICULAÇÕES ENTRE CORPO E AUTOINSCRIÇÃO NO CINEMA DE CHANTAL AKERMAN 45 1.1 News from home (1977) ...................................................................................................48 1.2 Não é um filme caseiro (2015) e Lá (2006) ......................................................................54 1.3 Eu, tu, ele, ela (1974) e Saute ma ville (1968) .................................................................63 2 A AUTOINSCRIÇÃO NO CINEMA FEMINISTA EXPERIMENTAL E DE VANGUARDA: O CONTEXTO DA SEGUNDA ONDA FEMINISTA 71 2.1 Autoria como autoinscrição ..............................................................................................71 2.2 A Teoria Feminista do Cinema ..........................................................................................78 2.3 Autoinscrição e performance no cinema feminista durante os anos 1960 e 1970 ............92 3 O CINEMA DE CHANTAL AKERMAN ENTRE AS PERFORMANCES E AS POÉTICAS AUTORAIS 107 3.1 Autoria performática: a cineasta presente no filme ........................................................108 3.2 Fricções corporais: o corpo da autora, o corpo do filme ................................................116 3.3 Poéticas autorais: a cineasta no extracampo ...................................................................127 CONCLUSÕES 135 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 141 FILMOGRAFIA 149 17 NOTA PRELIMINAR1 Este trabalho surge a partir de uma relação de intimidade, construída ao longo de alguns anos, com o cinema de Chantal Akerman. Mais diretamente, ele nasce a partir do incômodo gerado por essa intimidade – o de sentir-se tão próxima de um corpo materialmente, geograficamente, culturalmente tão distante. O prazer de assistir aos seus filmes, sentindo na quase que literalmente na pele essa proximidade tornou-se, aos poucos, um gesto assustado de incompreensão. Como posso me relacionar de maneira tão íntima com essa essa mulher tão diferente de quem sou: judia, de origem européia, nascida em outra época, falante de outra língua? Quando me deixava admirar por seu jeito de construir-se dentro dos filmes, fazendo deles uma casa (e de si própria as paredes), me deparei com a poesia de Angélica Freitas. a mulher é uma construção deve ser a mulher basicamente é pra ser um conjunto habitacional tudo igual tudo rebocado só muda a cor Comecei, aí, a compreender que as vicissitudes desse encontro poderiam ser mais interessantes, até mesmo, do que a belíssima sensação de estar próxima àquela garota, àquela mulher, àquela senhora. E que romper imediatamente todas as barreiras que nos separavam seria sempre um feito misterioso, bonito, e que carrega consigo um punhado de fatores inexplicáveis que
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