DOCSLIB.ORG

Procopius, with an English Translation by H.B. Dewing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Procopius, with an English Translation by H.B. Dewing THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY CAPPS, Ph.D., LL.D. T. E. PAGE, Litt.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, Litt.D. PROCOPIUS II *=.. V ! \ C **&** "Procopias, of Caesa.resL PEOCOPIUS WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY H. B. DEWING IN SIX VOLUMES II HISTORY OF THE WARS, BOOKS III AND IV LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MCMXVI i^J PR fa v.a CONTENTS PAGE HISTORY OF THE WARS— BOOK III. —THE VANDALIC WAR 1 book iv. —the vandalic war (continued) . 209 INDEX 461 PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA HISTORY OF THE WARS: BOOK III THE VANDALIC WAR VOL. II. riPOKOniOY KAI2APE02 TnEP TON nOAEMHN AOrOS TPITOS c O fiev ovv M.7]8i/cbs 7r6\e/jLO<; 'YovcttivlclvS) fia- aiXei 69 rovro ireXevra' eyoo Be ova e? re TiavBi- Xovs fcal M.avpov(Tiov<; avr<p elpyaarai <f>pdo~cov ep^o/icu. XeXe^erat Be irpcorov odev 6 BavBlXcov 2 (7Tparb<; rfj 'Vcofialcov frierKrjyfre X^Pa ' e7reiBrj SeoBocrios 6 ^VcdfJLaiayv avro/epdrcop ej dv6pdnrcov r/cpdvicTTO, dvrjp Biicaios ev T049 pidXio-Ta yeyovax; teal ayadbs rd TroXepaa, BieBe^do-drjv avrov rr\v ftaaiXelav dfKJxo roo iralBe, 'Ap/cdBios fiev 6 irpea- fivrepos rrjv ecpav pbotpav, rrjv eairepiav Be 'Ovco- 3 pio<; 6 vecorepos. Birjprjro Be a>Be rb ^Vcd/jbaiwv /cpdros dvcoOev drrb re J£(ovo~ravr[vov /cal rebv avrov rraiBcov, 09 rrjv ftacriXeiav 69 Hv^dvriov fjueraOe/jievos /xei^co re rrjv rroXiv /cal ttoXXg) eiri- (fxtvearepav Karaarrjadpuevo^ air avrov defrfj/ce TTpoaayopevearOai. 4 UepiXafiftdvec p.ev kvkXw ttjv yr\v co/ceavbs rj ^vpLiraaav rj ttjv iroXXrjv ov ydp irco aafyes ri y dfjL(j) avr& LO-fjuev a^i^ei Be avrrjv Bi^a 69 rjirei- PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA HISTORY OF THE WARS : BOOK III THE VANDALIC WAR I Such, then, was the final outcome of the Persian War for the Emperor Justinian ; and I shall now proceed to set forth all that he did against the Vandals and the Moors. But first shall be told whence came the host of the Vandals when they descended upon the land of the Romans. After Theodosius, the Roman Emperor, had departed from Jan. 17, the world, having proved himself one of the most 395 A,D- just of men and an able warrior, his kingdom was taken over by his two sons, Arcadius, the elder, receiving the Eastern portion, and Honorius, the younger, the Western. But the Roman power had been thus divided as far back as the time of Con- stantine and his sons ; for he transferred his govern- ment to Byzantium, and making the city larger and much more renowned, allowed it to be named after him. Now the earth is surrounded by a circle of ocean, either entirely or for the most part (for our know- ledge is not as yet at all clear in this matter) ; and it PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA povs Bvo e/cporj Tt? air avrov /card rr)v ecnrepiov elaftdXXovo-a puolpav /cal Tavrrjv Br) iroLOvp,evr] rr)v OdXaacrav, airb YaBeipayv puev dp^apuevr), 1 e? 1 5 avTTjv Be rr)v Maicorcv Birj/covcra Xl/jlvtjv. tclv- tcuv ralv yireipotv drepa p,ev ev Be%ia elairXeovTi rr)v ddXacraav p<€%pi /cal e? rr)v Xip^vriv *Acrla fcefcXrjrai, airo re TaBeipcov /cal rr)<; erepas twv c 6 Hpa/c\eou9 arrjXcov. Xeirrov /caXovat, to e/ceivr) fypovpiov ol iir^copioi, Xotywv tivcjv eirrd <pcuvo- 2 fievcov evTCLvda,' to yap aeirrov eirra rfj Aarivcov 7 <pG)vfj BvvaTai. r) Be avrnrepas avrrj ^vfuraaa JLvpcoTrr} e/cXr/Or). /cal 6 (xev ravrrj iropOpubs rer- japcn /cal oyBorj/covra araBiOt,<; pdXiara r)ireipov e/carepav Bieipyei, to Be evrevdev ireXdyeai pueyd- Xot<? dXXrjXaiv Boex^Tov puexp^ 'JLXXrjo-Trovrov. 8 ravrrj yap %vvlaaiv avOis dp,<j)l Xrjarov re /cal "AffvBov, /cal irdXtv ev re Bv^avria) /cal K.aXxv~ Bovi p^ixP 1 T™v ^dXat Kvavecov Xeyopuevcov irerpcov, ov /cal vvv 'lepbv ovopud^erai. ev tovtois yap Br] Tot? %ft)/3tot9 p>€Tp(p Be/ca (TraBicov re ical TOVTOV iXdaaovi Bieipyeadov dXXrjkaiv. r 9 'A7TO Be T?}? erepas r&v 'Hpa/cXeovs arrjXwv psexpi €? rr)v erepav Bid tt)? rjiovos iovri /cal ov 7T6pi€pxop<ev(p koXttov t€ rbv 'Ioviov ical TOP JLvjfetvov /caXovjuevov Uovtov, dXX' e/c re KaXxv~ 3 Bovos 65 Bv^dvriov e/c re Apvovvros* e? tfireipov 1 ap^a/xeur) — 8r/j/coi/<ra : Christ prefers the accusative. 2 €7TTa P : tfShojxov V. 3 KaAx^S^os Maltretus : xaP K,oS6vos MSS. , Kapxn^vos 4 Hoeschel in marg. Spvovvros MSS. : 'TSpovvros edd. HISTORY OF THE WARS, III. i. 4-9 is split into two continents by a sort of outflow from the ocean, a flow which enters at the western part and forms this Sea which we know, beginning at Gadira x and extending all the way to the Maeotic Lake. 2 Of these two continents the one to the right, as one sails into the Sea, as far as the Lake, has re- ceived the name of Asia, beginning at Gadira and at the southern 3 of the two Pillars of Heracles. Septem 4 is the name given by the natives to the fort at that " point, since seven hills appear there ; for septem" has the force of "seven " in the Latin tongue. And the whole continent opposite this was named Europe. And the strait at that point separates the two continents 5 by about eighty-four stades, but from there on they are kept apart by wide expanses of sea as far as the Hellespont. For at this point they again approach each other at Sestus and Abydus, and once more at Byzantium and Chalcedon as far as the rocks called in ancient times the " Dark Blue Rocks," where even now is the place called Hieron. For at these places the continents are separated from one another by a distance of only ten stades and even less than that. Now the distance from one of the Pillars of Heracles to the other, if one goes along the shore and does not pass around the Ionian Gulf and the sea called the Euxine but crosses from Chalcedon 6 to Byzantium and from Dryous 7 to the opposite main- 1 Cadiz. 2 Sea of Azov. 3 Abila. 4 Or Septem Fratres. 5 Most ancient geographers divided the inhabited world into three continents, but some made two divisions. It was a debated question with these latter whether Africa belonged to Asia or to Europe ; cf. Sallust, Jugurtha, 17. 6 Kadi Keui. 7 More correctly Hydrous, Lat. Hydruntum (Otranto). PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA TV)V aVTlTTSpCLS KCLTdipOVTl, 7T6VT6 Kdl OyBoTjKOVTa /cal Bia/coalcov 0S09 rjjuepoov ecrriv ev^covw dvBpt. 10 tol yap a/jL(j)l tov JLvgecvov Uovtov, 09 i/c TSv^clvtlov %ft>/oe£ €t? t?]V Xl/jlvtjv, airavra d/cpi(3o\oyeio-0ai "Io-- a>f*>yXava Vv > ftapftdpcov 7(ov virep 7rorafibv f Tpov, bv Kai Aavovffiov /ca\ovo~i, Pft>yumeH9 j3arr)v rjKLCTTa iroiovjJLevddv tt]V i/ceivy d/CT7]v, ttXtjv ye Brj on i/c T$v£avTiov [xev e'9 t«9 tov "laTpov i/c{3o\d<; rj/jtepcov iariv 68b<z Bvo /cal ettcocriv, dairep rfj 11 Fivpcoirrj Xoyifrfxevovs ivTiQevai irpoo-rjKei. Kara Be ir]v ttJ? 'Atx/a? fiolpav, eci] S' av i/c KaA/^77- Bovos e'9 iroTaphv Qaaiv, 09 pewv i/c K6\%<yj> /careMTiv e'9 tov Uovtov, dvveTai Tecrcrapd/covTa 12 0809 rjpbepwv. a>aTe gvfi7rao-a rj 'Vcofiaicov iiri- /cpdreta /caTa ye tt)v iirl 0a\do~o~rj 6Bbv 69 ercTa /cal Tecraapd/covTa /cal Tpia/cocricov rjfiepcov %vveicn fieTpov, r\v ti<$, oirep eiprjTai, tov 'Iovlov koXttov e'9 6/CTa/coaLov? /ndXiaTa Bir\KOVTa o-TaBuovs i/c 1 13 ApvovvTO? Biairopdjxevr\Tai. 7) yap tov koXitov 2 jrdpoBos e'9 6Bbv rjpuepwv Bitf/cei ov% fjo~aov r) Tea- adpcov. ToaavTT] puev r) 'Vcofiaicov dp^V /caTa ye tov iraXaibv iyeveTO xpovov. 14 'E7re73a\Xe Be t& puev to ti)<; ea-irepia^ e%ovTi /cpaTO<$ Ki$vr)<$ Ta 7r\eLo~Ta Birj/covTa e'9 ivevrjKOVTa oBbv rjfiepwv toctovtov yap to i/c YaBeipwv €9 t« opta r»79 iv AijSvrj TpnroXecos icrTiv iv Be Brj ttj TLvpcoirr) irevTe /cal efiBopLrj/covTa oBbv rj/jiepcov 15 e\<z%e* ToaavTrj yap f) i/c T779 iripas T(hv Hpa- 1 Apvovvros MSS. : "thpovvTos Maltretus, Dindorf. In P scholion Spvovs e<rrl rb vvv fSapfSapinSos KeySfievov orpovrov (Otranto), fjireipos 8e 6 vvv avXwv (Avlona). 2 irdpoSos Maltretus : ireoiodos MSS., Haury suggests irepat- HISTORY OF THE WARS, III. i. 9-15 land, 1 is a journey of two hundred and eighty-five days for an unencumbered traveller. For as to the land about the Euxine Sea, which extends from Byzantium to the Lake, it would be impossible to tell everything with precision, since the barbarians beyond the Ister River, which they also call the Danube, make the shore of that sea quite impossible for the Romans to traverse — except, indeed, that from Byzantium to the mouth of the Ister is a journey of twenty-two days, which should be added to the measure of Europe by one making the computation. And on the Asiatic side, that is from Chalcedon to the Phasis River, which, flowing from the country of the Colchians, descends into the Pontus, the journey is accomplished in forty days. So that the whole Roman domain, according to the distance along the sea at least, attains the measure of a three hundred and forty- seven days' journey, if, as has been said, one ferries over the Ionian Gulf, which extends about eight hundred stades from Dryous.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume IV by Edward Gibbon
    HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE By Edward Gibbon VOLUME IV This is volume four of the six volumes of Edward Gibbon's History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire. I will be scanning and putting out on the net the remaining volumes as I find time to do this. So have patience. If you find any errors please feel free to notify me of them. I want to make this the best etext edition possible for both scholars and the general public. [email protected] and [email protected] are my email addresses for now. Please feel free to send me your comments and I hope you enjoy this. David Reed History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman Vol. 4 1782 (Written), 1845 (Revised) Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. Part I. Zeno And Anastasius, Emperors Of The East. - Birth, Education, And First Exploits Of Theodoric The Ostrogoth. - His Invasion And Conquest Of Italy. - The Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. - State Of The West. - Military And Civil Government. - The Senator Boethius. - Last Acts And Death Of Theodoric. After the fall of the Roman empire in the West, an interval of fifty years, till the memorable reign of Justinian, is faintly marked by the obscure names and imperfect annals of Zeno, Anastasius, and Justin, who successively ascended to the throne of Constantinople. During the same period, Italy revived and flourished under the government of a Gothic king, who might have deserved a statue among the best and bravest of the ancient Romans.
    [Show full text]
  • Emperor Majorian and the Fall of Rome
    The Last Romans: Emperor Majorian and the Fall of Rome A study of the Late Empire and its energetic Emperor University College Tilburg Liberal Arts and Sciences Humanities Major Bachelor Thesis Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Dr. R.C.H. Lesaffer Thesis Author: Janus de Vries Abstract This paper concerns the reign of Emperor Julius Flavius Valerius Majorianus (r. 457-461), placed within the context of the Empire that had started unravelling in the years before his ascension. By analysing the state of Rome during its final period, and the way it faced its barbarian enemies, we can more clearly define and appreciate the sort of task that the last Emperors had to face. In so doing, a case will be presented in which the destruction of Rome was not yet set in stone by the time of Majorian’s reign. From our modern perspective, we are primed to think of the fall of Rome as a long, progressive and inevitable process. This is part of the intellectual heritage of Edward Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Though the ​ ​ paradigm does not hold as much power as it has in the past, as current scholarship includes a dogged debate on whether the fall of Rome was mainly due to internal causes or due to external causes, this paradigm remains highly influential. The linear thinking of progressive decline, or progressive causes of decline, is still well represented in both traditions. The downside of this perspective is that it does not work well with such figures as Majorian who defy the paradigm by embodying success, rather than failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Vandalia: Identity, Policy, and Nation-Building in Late-Antique North Africa
    VANDALIA: IDENTITY, POLICY, AND NATION-BUILDING IN LATE-ANTIQUE NORTH AFRICA BY EUGENE JOHAN JANSSEN PARKER A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Victoria University of Wellington 2018 Abstract In 534, after the conquest of the Vandal kingdom, Procopius tells us that the emperor Justinian deported all remaining Vandals to serve on the Persian frontier. But a hundred years of Vandal rule bred cultural ambiguities in Africa, and the changes in identity that occurred during the Vandal century persisted long after the Vandals had been shipped off to the East: Byzantine and Arabic writers alike shared the conviction that the Africans had, by the sixth and seventh centuries, become something other than Roman. This thesis surveys the available evidence for cultural transformation and merger of identities between the two principal peoples of Vandal Africa, the Vandals and the Romano-Africans, to determine the origins of those changes in identity, and how the people of Africa came to be different enough from Romans for ancient writers to pass such comment. It examines the visible conversation around ethnicity in late-antique Africa to determine what the defining social signifiers of Vandal and Romano-African identity were during the Vandal century, and how they changed over time. Likewise, it explores the evidence for deliberate attempts by the Vandal state to foster national unity and identity among their subjects, and in particular the role that religion and the African Arian Church played in furthering these strategies for national unity. Finally, it traces into the Byzantine period the after-effects of changes that occurred in Africa during the Vandal period, discussing how shifts in what it meant to be Roman or Vandal in Africa under Vandal rule shaped the province's history and character after its incorporation into the Eastern Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnicity, Ethnogenesis, and the Vandals: Some Remarks on a Theory of Emergence of the Barbarian Gens*1
    Acta Poloniae Historica 112, 2015 PL ISSN 0001–6892 Robert Kasperski Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences ETHNICITY, ETHNOGENESIS, AND THE VANDALS: SOME REMARKS ON A THEORY OF EMERGENCE OF THE BARBARIAN GENS*1 Abstract There are two objectives behind this article. First, it seeks to trace down the pedigree of a theory described in scholarly discourse as the ‘ethnogenesis model’. As is often believed, the theory originally was, essentially, an innovative concept proposed by Reinhard Wenskus, the German researcher. My article puts forth the idea whereby it was Walter Schlesinger who had laid the foundations for the theory, whose concept was further developed by Wenskus. My other purpose was to verify the basics of the theory itself, based on relevant empirical material; specifi cally, I mainly deal with original sources reporting on the ethnic composition and history of the Vandal people. Keywords: ethnogenesis model, Reinhard Wenskus, Walter Schlesinger, ethnicity of the barbarian peoples, gens, Vandals * My word of thanks goes to Professor Halina Manikowska of the Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, for her valu- able contribution to the discussion on this essay and offer to publish it with Acta Poloniae Historica. I am also indebted to Professor Roman Michałowski of the Insti- tute of History, University of Warsaw, for having focused my attention on the ethnicity problems related to the Slavic peoples in the early Middle Ages. The under- lying papers for this essay were delivered at a Polish-German conference ‘Polish Historiography In the Face of the German Historic Science in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’, held 26th–27th February 2010 in Łódź, as part of the col- laboration between the Universities of Giessen and Łódź, and at the 11th Inter- disciplinary Historical Seminar of 19th to 21st May in Hermanów.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    Index administrative structures Alaric 34, 44, 48 in Byzantine Africa 240 Albertini Tablets 20 in the Vandal kingdom 77–81, economic life and 59, 159–61, 82, 212–13 162, 169, 175 Aetius 52–3, 55, 111, 115, 116, 119 as evidence of literacy 216–17 Africa Proconsularis religious life and 194, 212 Byzantine conquest of 251 Alföld (Great Hungarian Plain) Vandal invasion of 51–5 31–2, 33 Vandal kingdom in Alianae, bathing complex 223–4 ad 435 treaty 60–1, 62 Amalafrida 59, 132, 133 ad 442 treaty 63, 64, 65, 66, annona 79, 80, 145–7, 148, 151, 159 67–8, 94 Anthemius 121, 122, 123 administration of 80–1 Antonine Baths 209 Arian churches in 200 Apollinarius 139, 230, 238 land use within 149, 156–7, 159 Arianism/Arians 177–9 persecutions 188, 193 African Arian church 198–200 religious life in 188, 193, 200 barbarian clothing erroneously see also Carthage associated with 102–6 African red slip ware (ARS) 147, Byzantine conquest and 240–1, 150, 151, 159 248–53 see also ceramics fines levied on 166 Agnellus of Ravenna 7 Nicene converts to 187, 195, 198, agriculture 144, 145–7, 148–9, 200–1 156–62, 253 persecution by 185–7, 189 Ain Tounga, Byzantine fort 254 persecution of 188 Alans COPYRIGHTEDproselytizing MATERIAL mission of 180–4, in early Vandal history 35–7, 189–92, 196–203 38–40, 41–4, 45, 47–9, 84 religious ambivalence and 193–6 identity of 84, 96–7 religious buildings of 189, 195–6 involvement in the sack of Rome use of Vandalic language 95 117 Vandal engagement with 6, 71, Vandal settlement and 66 178–9, 181, 189, 192 342 Index Arifridos 83,
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Vol
    History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Vol. 4 Edward Gibbon, Esq. History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Vol. 4 Table of Contents History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Vol. 4..........................................................................1 Edward Gibbon, Esq......................................................................................................................................1 Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. Part I........................................................................................1 Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. Part II......................................................................................9 Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. Part III...................................................................................15 Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian. Part I........................................................................................................24 Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian. Part II......................................................................................................31 Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian. Part III.....................................................................................................38 Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian. Part IV.....................................................................................................46 Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian. Part V......................................................................................................55
    [Show full text]
  • Manuscripts Index
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-43821-6 — The Excerpta Constantiniana and the Byzantine Appropriation of the Past András Németh Index More Information Manuscripts Index Athens, National Library Istanbul, Ecumenical Patriarchate Ms. 56, 114 Chalcensis S. Trinitatis (125) 133, 139, 219 Bamberg Staatsarchiv, B 86, 50 Jerusalem, Greek Patriarchal Library Staatsbibliothek Sanctae Crucis 40, 28 class. 34, 50 class. 35, 50 Leiden, University Library class. 35a, 50 Vossianus gr. F 66, 112 class. 54, 50 Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek class. 78, 50 gr. 16, 156 class. 79, 50 Rep. I. 17, 27, 42, 114, 137, 139, 143, 187, class. 80, 50 190, 219 hist. 2, 50 London, British Library hist. 3, 50, 259 P. Oxy. XXVII 2469, 278 hist. 5, 50 Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional Phillippicus 1538, 94, 114, 123, 219 gr. Vitr. 26–2, iii Brussels, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique Milan, Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana gr. 8761, 273 A 80 sup., 56 Ms.11301–16, 88, 273 B 119 sup., 3, 37, 42, 43–5, 63, 70, 71, 114, Ms. 11317–21, 273 131, 188, 190, 193, 205–9 B 4 sup., 205 Cambridge, Trinity College F 205 inf., 192 O.3.23, 88, 273 G 13 sup., 56 Carpentras, Bibliothèque municipale G 72 inf., 266, 273 Ms 1774, 60, 266 N 135 sup., 273 Copenhagen, Papyrus Carlsberg Collection Q 114 sup., 273 P. Hauniensis 6, 55 Mount Athos Dionysiou 70, 41 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana Vatopedianus 1003, 139, 219 Plut. 55.4, 7, 42, 45, 113–14, 190, 193, 209, Vatopedianus 407, 274 218, 241 Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Plut. 59.2, 218 gr.
    [Show full text]
  • Sarin Ia in Ancient Times
    SAR I N I A I N ANCIENT TIMES I - IER M A E S . OUCI I . j , . “ AUTHOR op S PAI N UND ER ms ROMAN E MPI RE S YRI A As A ROMAN PROV I NCE OXFORD B . H . BLAC KW E LL , BROAD STRE E T 1 9 1 7 NEW YORK D NGM NS GR D URTH V U O A N AN CC . FO A N . EE . E E. AND THIRTIETH STREET CONTE NTS CHAN T" INTROD UCTION THE pRE meRI c AGE D Y — P P II . LEGEN AR HIS TORY NATIVE EO LES TH III . E CARTHAGINIAN S UPREMACY I U P D U AND M V . NAT RAL RO CTS COM ERCE ' THE P B pR N V . RE U LICAN v cE VI . CARALES V I I Y MP E . THE EARL E IR O S D V III . THE CHIEF CITIES F AR INIA MP IX. THE LATER E IRE U AND S X . ARCHITECT RE THE ART XI G . RELI ION BIBLIOGRAPHY IND EX S A R D I NI A I N A NC I E NT T I M E S INTROD UCTION THE features of interest presented by a small and poor provincenecessarily differ from thoseof one O ERRATA. ’ . 22 or atrr éi read p , f e em rea d Pa ro m. note1 or Para p 5 5 , , f e last l n in er t beoreootnot . i e s p 7 5 , , 3 f f ea d S evins. 1 0 note1 or S ervius r p 4 , , f 1 n e or r 0 .
    [Show full text]
  • The Mediterranean Sea in the Martime Policy of the Byzantine Emperors in the VI Century
    International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences Online: 2013-09-25 ISSN: 2300-2697, Vol. 6, pp 75-85 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILSHS.6.75 CC BY 4.0. Published by SciPress Ltd, Switzerland, 2013 The Mediterranean Sea in the martime Policy of the Byzantine emperors in the VI Century Morze Śródziemne w polityce morskiej cesarzy wschodniorzymskich w VI stuleciu Marcin Böhm The Institute of History, The Faculty of History and Pedagogy, Opole University, 2 Strzelców Bytomskich Str., 45-084 Opole, Poland E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT The turn of the V and VI century AD was an important period in the history of the Roman Empire fleet. The Mediterranean Sea once again became, a body of water full of competitive fleets, threatening the remnants of the Western Roman Empire and the provinces of Byzantium. On the emperors of the East, in Constantinople, fell to conserve the heritage of Rome, and the conduct of maritime policy in the Mediterranean. They had to contend with the fleets of Vandals, Goths, who quickly discovered the benefits of having their own naval forces, which helped them to master most of the islands in the western Mediterranean. Only Justinian I broke the losing streak of the Roman fleet, going on the offensive on the sea, in his attempt to reconstruct the old empire. It was a very long process that ended successfully. Keywords: Byzantium; Byzantine Navy; Vandal Kingdom; Justinian I STRESZCZENIE Przełom wieku V i VI w. n.e. był ważnym okresem dla dziejów floty Cesarstwa Rzymskiego. Morze Śródziemne z rzymskiego mare nostrum, ponownie stało się wtedy akwenem na którym pojawiły się konkurencyjne floty, zagrażające resztkom Cesarstwa Zachodniorzymskiego i prowincjom kształtującego się powoli Bizancjum.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of OSLO May 2018
    Deus adiuta Romanis, God help the Romans. The evolution from Roman provincial system to the Thémata Tormod Hamnebukt Master’s thesis in history Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History IAKH – Faculty of Humanities UNIVERSITY OF OSLO May 2018 I Silver Hexagram of Heraclius struck between 615-38, the text reads: Deus adiuta Romanis (“God help the Romans”) II Deus adiuta Romanis, God help the Romans. The evolution from Roman provincial system to the Thémata. Master’s thesis in history - Department of Archeology, Conservation and History –Department of Humanities UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Tormod Hamnebukt May 2018 III © Tormod Hamnebukt 2018 Deus adiuta Romanis, God help the Romans Tormod Hamnebukt http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: The University Print Centre, University of Oslo IV V Summary In this thesis I will discuss the changes in the administration of the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century which led to the creation of the theme system, which would become the Empire’s principal governing entity until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. I will discuss: 1) The reasons behind the 7th century crisis which precipitates the need for administrative changes, focusing on warfare and the actions and decisions of individual emperors from Justinian I to the fall of Phocas, 2) The significance of plague and religion leading up to these events, 3) Heraclius actions during first the war against the Sassanid Empire, and then in face of the Arabic Storm in connection to the evolution of Byzantine administration, 4) The problems with the lack of written
    [Show full text]
  • The 'Moving' Reign: Byzantine Emperors As Moralized Literary Agents
    2019 The ‘Moving’ Reign: Byzantine emperors as moralized literary agents O. B. CHARDON Educational institution: Radboud University Nijmegen Supervisor: Dr. D. Slootjes // Department of History Academical year: September 2018-September 2019 Date of publication: 15-6-2019 This thesis is presented as parts of the requirements for the Master of Arts Index Introduction and Status Quaestionis……………………………………………………………………..2 Method and Approach…………………………………………………………………………………...6 The Moving General and the Soldier-Emperor…………………………………………………………..8 Procopius and the ‘Golden Age’ of Justinian I………………………………………………………...13 Pious and the Beast in Theophanes The Confessor…………………………………………………….17 The Book of Ceremonies, the Macedonian Renaissance and the ‘Generic’ Ruler-Type………………..23 Niketas Choniates and the Enigmatic Demise of Empire……………………………………………… 29 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………….34 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………... 35 1 Movement as a topic is exceedingly broad: it consists of everything that has ever been done by any living being on earth (and beyond) and every single act recorded in history. It encompasses change: all progress and all decay. Stationary things, by nature, are determined by their lack of movement. Without considering ‘acts’ of movement, or ‘movement’ acts, one would be studying a lifeless landscape of wax statues – much like an outdoor museum. This museum however, would represent a morbid, vegetable- like state of being: a society, a history, in which nothing would ever come to pass. Movement is, in its essence, life. It is more than an act, it is the ability to act – whether in an individualistic manner, planned or unplanned, formal or informal, or as a collective. In a sense, it is the first hand expression of who we are. How to define motion? How to trace it, distil it, or bring it to the fore in our sources from the past? It is fairly easy to argue that to rule, one needs to move: one needs to come into action, rather than sit passively on a throne all day.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
    History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman Vol. 4 1782 (Written), 1845 (Revised) Chapter XXXIX: Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. Part I. Zeno And Anastasius, Emperors Of The East. - Birth, Education, And First Exploits Of Theodoric The Ostrogoth. - His Invasion And Conquest Of Italy. - The Gothic Kingdom Of Italy. - State Of The West. - Military And Civil Government. - The Senator Boethius. - Last Acts And Death Of Theodoric. After the fall of the Roman empire in the West, an interval of fifty years, till the memorable reign of Justinian, is faintly marked by the obscure names and imperfect annals of Zeno, Anastasius, and Justin, who successively ascended to the throne of Constantinople. During the same period, Italy revived and flourished under the government of a Gothic king, who might have deserved a statue among the best and bravest of the ancient Romans. Theodoric the Ostrogoth, the fourteenth in lineal descent of the royal line of the Amali, ^1 was born in the neighborhood of Vienna ^2 two years after the death of Attila. ^! A recent victory had restored the independence of the Ostrogoths; and the three brothers, Walamir, Theodemir, and Widimir, who ruled that warlike nation with united counsels, had separately pitched their habitations in the fertile though desolate province of Pannonia. The Huns still threatened their revolted subjects, but their hasty attack was repelled by the single forces of Walamir, and the news of his victory reached the distant camp of his brother in the same auspicious moment that the favorite concubine of Theodemir was delivered of a son and heir.
    [Show full text]