The Concept of Eco-Town

Home , Kitakyushu

Presented at East and East South Asia BAT/BEP Forum Annual Board Meeting, Siem Reap, Cambodia

UNIDO-Kitakyushu cooperation for transfer of experiences in BAT. The Concept of Eco-town

December 14, 2009

Meiji Sato Eco-town Office Kyushu Techno Research, Inc.

Office for International Environmental Cooperation Bureau City of Kitakyushu Location of Kitakyushu

Tokyo Kitakyushu China Shang ha i

500km

1000km

Thailand Vietnam

Philippines 2000km

Malaysia Area: 485ｋ㎡ GDP: 3.5 trillion JPY (2005) Population: 985 thou. (as of Oct. 2008) Singapore Major Industries: steel, chemical, machinery, Indonesia ceramics, IT industry 1 Kitakyushu’s Industries Led to Modernization in Japan

Yawata Steel Kitakyushu Mill began Industrial Area in 2 operation in 1950s Air Pollution and Water Contamination

Dust-fall on roof-top Stacks emitting smoke

A Screw Dissolved in the Bay

3 Wastewater Discharged into the Dokai Bay Factor of Environmental Achievement

Residents

Residents’ observation of a private company Learning how to measure air pollution levels with a university professor Partnership

Environmental control & Cleaner Production & environmental infrastructure pollution control equipment Local Government Private Enterprises 4 Economic Development and Environmental Achievement

Environm ental Pollution (mg-SO3/100ｃ㎡/day) 2

1968

1.5 1969

1970

1 1967 1964 1966 1971 1963 1972 1965 1962 1961 1973 1974 1960 0.5 1976 1977 1980 1978 1979

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Econom ic Developm ent (V a lue of Shipm ents: 100 Billiom Yen) 5 Expenses Spent for Measures Against Environmental Pollution in Kitakyushu

Industrial waste Others Private Sector (31.4%) (1972-1991) 4.6% 1.8% 252.6 billion yen Water quality 5.3%

Air 19.7% Total Sewerage 804.3 billion yen 43.0%

Others Park/Gks/Green 5.0% tracts of land 14.0% Public Administration (68.6%) Waste disposal 6.0% 551.7 billion yen

6 Kitakyushu’s Experience in Getting Pollution under Control - A Miracle in the World History -

Today 1960s 7 Profile of KITA (Kitakyushu International Techno- Cooperative Association Hist ory of KITA July 1980 Establishment of KITA Feb. 1987 Environment course began Aug. 1992 Environmental Cooperation Center was established

Main international training courses concerning the environment currently available ・Industrial environmental protection ・Energy management ・China’s resource circulating economy ・Top management seminar on sustainable industrial development ・Plant maintenance techniques for cleaner production ・Automotive control－Creation of facility system for cleaner production ・Maintenance engineering for cleaner production ・Computer based machine control － Creation of advanced facility system for cleaner production ・Renovation of plant facilities for cleaner production 8 From the “Sea of Death” to International Environmental Leadership

Technologies and human resources accumulated through Pollution abatement (more than 200 relative party, like companies,Universities, local government, NGO an d so on ) 【Number of trainees accepted】 Psn/y Psn 350 4500

4000 300 3500 250 3000

200 年度別Yearly 2500

150 累計Total 2000 1500 100 1000 50 500 T 0 0 33 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 ０００２０４ 366 TiTrainees acceptdted : 33 coun t iries 5 366 pns FY1980 2008 ） 9 pns （ FY1986 Experts dispatched: ～ 2008 ） 25 countries

１ 44 Environmental Improvement in Dalian, China

1994 2000 Improvement of Ambient Air Quality Year 1990 2001 SOx 0.090 0.031 mg/m3 (1/3) TSP 0.245 0.123 mg/m3 (1/2) CO 1.94 0.59 mg/m3 (1/3)

10 Promotion of Environmental Cooperation Through City-to-City Network Dalian Inchon Tianjin Organization for the East Asia Yantai Ulsan Pusan 下関市Shimonoseki Qin dao Economic Development (2004) Fukuoka Kitakyushu

Chongqing

Batangas

Ho Chi Minh Cebu

Penang Island Environmental Cooperation Semarang Network of Asian Cities (1997) Surabaya 11 Kitakyushu Initiative Network

(62 Cities from 18 Countries）

UN/ESCAP Ministerial Conference on ■Inter-citySustainable network: established by DevelopmentUNs (2000) ■Chronology: 2000 “Kitakyushu Initiative” was conceived at MCED4 based upon the achievements of 32 % waste Burninggy Efficiency Kitakyushu’s pollution control reduction improvement （Ulanbator, practice and international （Nonthaburi, Thailand) Mongolia） cooperation 2001 Kitakyushu Initiative Network established ■Activities: Pilot projects, thematic seminars, collection 12 and History of Development as an Machine and Metal Processing Industry Industrial City 1945~ ture history over 100 years ・Mitsui High-tech Inc Plant Engineering ・（） Nippon Magnetic ~1945 Dressing DlDevelopment tfl of large companies From Steel-related (~1920) industry Manifold development ・Mishima Kosan Inception of Modern Co., Ltd. Material industry Zenri n C o., Ltd . (M ap) Industry ・Okano Valve ・Yaskawa Information (1901) Steel works MFG. CO. ・ Systems Corporation Sumitomo Metal ・Hamada Heavy （ICT Industry） Steel industry Industries Ltd. Industries Ltd ・Hitatchi Metals Ltd. ・Central Uni （Medical and health From Ceramic & Steel works Ceramic industry care devices）・Nippon Steel ・Kurosaki Harima chemical industries ・Shabondama Sekken ・ Corporation Takada Corporation （Natural soap）・TOTO Sankyu Inc.

Chemical industry ・Asahi Glass Company “Advancement of fundamental industry” ・Mitsubishi Chemical to “State-of-the-art Technology” Corporation Local Assets 13 Coal, Lime stones Electronics Technology on Ports ・Yaskawa Electric -Pollution control Eco-Industries Corporation -Saving energy ・TOSHIBA Corporation Background and History of Kitakyushu Eco-town Projects

・1960- History of Overcoming of the Public Pollutions. A Sense of Difficulties under Weaken Conventional Industries. ・1989- The N ecessit y of Utili zi ng of Hibiki L and （2, 000ha ) The Movement of Starting Recycling Lows. Utilizinggggyg Manufacturing Technologies to Recycling Business. ・1995- Requesting of National Government Support toward Local Recycling Business. ・1997： The Eco-town Project Started (METI & MOE). The First Supported Business: Nishi-nihon PET Bottle Recycling. Not only Inviting Companies, but Making Business together. One Stop Local Government Services. Zero-emission by Waste Furnace with Electric Generation. ・2004 First National PCB Waste Treatment. ・ 2008 One of the Four Eco-Model Cities in Japan for the Low Carbon Society. 14 Eco-Town Project in Japan 26 Areas as of Jan. 2006 Hokkaido

Sapporo City

Akita Pref. Aomori Pref. Toyama City

Gifu Pref. Iida City Kamaishi City Osaka Pref. Uguisuzawa Town Hyogo PfPref. Okayama Pref. Tokyo Hiroshima Pref. Yamaguchi Pref. Chiba Pref. Chiba City Kitakyushu City Kawasaki City Aichi Pref. Omuta City Suzuka City Kochi City Yokkaichi City 15 Minamata City Ehime Pref. Naoshima Town Kanmon Strait and Hibikinada Landfill

Tachinoura container Hibiki-Nada Deep Berth terminal Planned construction site

Kitakyushu Eco-Town Kokura container terminal

Shin-moji District

New Kita Kyushu Airport (Under construction)

16 Strategy of the City of Kitakyushu on promotion of environment-related industry Comprehensive development from basic research technology development, testing, and industrialization

II Technology/ I Education/Basic Research Practical Research III Industrialization

Conception of Science and Practical Research Area Comprehensive Environmental Research Park Complex ■Aggregation of recycling plants ■ ■ Kitakyushu University, Faculty of Fukuoka University, Institute for ・ Plastic PET bottles ・Office equipment International Environmental Resource Recycling & ・ Home appliances ・Automobiles Engggineering Environmental Pollution Control Medical wastes Fluorescent tubes ■ University/Research Institute System ・ Demolition Waste(2) ・ Kyushu Institute of Technology, ■ Practical research in various areas Graduate School ・ Waste disposal site management ・ Cranfield University (U.K.) technology Hibiki Recycling Area ・ GMD-Forschungszentrum ・ Incineration ashes Informat i on stechnik G mb H ・ Food refuse ((gg,kitchen garbage, tofu Local small, midsize, and start-up business ・ Waseda University, Advanced refuse, etc.) ■Development of automobile scrap and used Research Institute for Science and ・ Waste plastic parts businesses Engineering ・ Fukuoka Research Center for ・ Fukuoka Research Center for Recycling Systems, practical Recycling Systems research area The Second Stage Area ■Other institutes Eco-Town Center/Annex Recycle and Reuse plants ・ Institute for Global ■Recycling plants ・Toner Cartridge ・Pachinko Environmental Strategies, ・Tofu and Other Food Residue ・Waste Wood &Plastic Kitakyushu Office ・Styrene Foam 17 ■Wind-Power Project 18 Kitakyushu Science & Research Park

Advanced Research Kyushu Institute of Institute for Science Technology and Engineering, Waseda University Graduate School of Waseda University

University of Kitakyushu ＦａｃｕｌｔｙＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ

IndustryIndustry--AcademiaAcademia Cooperation Center Bldg. １） Graduate School of Fukuoka University

18 “Soap-based firefighting foam” （2003-2007）

Miracle Foam

 Excellent firefighting performance

 Good defoaming property after firefighting Miracle CAFS 19  Very low environmental impact Benchmark Plant of Lithium Recovery from Seawater

Desalination plant

HCl solution Adsorption columns

Performance of Equipment Adsorbent weight: 60 kg Adsorbent volume: 0.6 m3 Eluting aq. soln. 0.8 M HCl LiCl solution eluted by HCl Flow rate of seawater supply： 200 L/h

Pre filter

Evaporation P Crystallizer

Precipitated Solid Seawater Containing Lithium 20 Kitakyushu Eco-Town Project

■Research facilities: 14 ■ Facilities under operation: 26 ＰＣＢ Disposal Plant Investment: 60.5Billion yen Combined Core Facility (Private:７１%, Public: ２９%) Home Small Business one Employee: 1,020 Appliance Office Equipment Automobile Recycling Zone Demolition Waste Visitor: 740,000(cumulative total) Automobile Bｉｏｄｅｇｒａｄａｂｌｅ Pｌａｓｔｉｃｓ Fluorescent tube NSC Institute TｅｓｔｉｎｇＳｉｔｅｏｆ Fｕｋｕｏｋａ Medical Waste Pｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅ Rｅｃｙｃｌｉｎｇ Cｅｎｔｅ PET Bottle

ＴｏｆｕａｎｄＯｔｈｅｒｆｏｏｄｒｅｆｕｓｅ Research Facility ＥＰＳ Comprehensive EnvironmentalDemolition Waste Fｕｋｕｏｋａ Annex IdIndus tilCtrial Comp lex Uｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ Kｉｔａｋｙｕｓｈｕ Cｉｔｙ Iｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ Eｃｏ--TTｏｗｎ Cｅｎｔｅｒ The Only ero Emission Complex Extended Areas“ In Japan y Material & Thermal Practical Research Area 21 Recycling Fukuoka University, Institute for Resource Recycling & Environmental Pollution Control System

(Institute) (Testing facilities) ■ Research of waste treatment technology, recycling technology, and proper technology for control of environmental pollutants. ■ Project leader: Fukuoka University, Kyushu University, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Saga University, and private enterprises ■ Opened in April, 1998 ■ Ministry of Education’s academic research frontier project 22 Biodegradable plastic production research facility

■ Research of technology to produce biodeg radable p lastic from lactic acid that is produced from kitchen garbage ■ Project leaders: Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu Technology Center Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu City Institute of Environmental Science ■ Opened in April 1999 ■ Project commissioned by the Science and Technology Agency 23 Facilities on The Practical Research Area

25 24 Comprehensive Environmental Industrial Complex

PCB Disposal Plant

Combined Core Facility

Home Small BusinessBusiness Zone Appliance

Office EEquipmentquipment Automobile Recycling Zone Demolition Waste AtAutomo bile Fluorescent tube

Medical Waste

PET Bottle

Dem olit io n Waste march 2004

25 Comprehensive Environmental Industrial Complex Hibiki (Small and Midsize) Recycling Area Map Nippon Magnetic

Recycle NRS Nishi-nihon Nishi-Nihon PET-Bottle West Japan Auto Tech Kaden Recycle Co., Ltd. Recycle Co., Ltd. Co., Recycle Ltd. Corporation Dressing

Site of Medical Japan Recycling Light Technology & System Combined Core Wastes (()Fluorescent Tube) Recycling Facility Hibiki Recycling Area, Hibiki Recycling Automobile Recycling Area, Zone Frontier Zone

Hibiki Eco-site Co., Ltd. ＰＣＢ disposal Plant 2726 Home appliance recycling project

(Plant) (At work) According to the “Home Appliance Recycling Law,” electrical household appliances (TV sets, refrigerators, washing machines, air-conditioners, and freezers) are dismantled and seppgg,pgqyyarated to a high degree, producing quality recycled raw materials. Project leader: Nishinihon Kaden Recycle Corporation (Invested by Toshiba Corp., TERM Corp., Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Hitachi, Ltd., Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Sharp Corp., Sony Corp., and Fujitsu General Ltd.) Operation commenced in April 2000 Processing capacity of approx. 750,000 per year 27 Project with the eco-town subsidies of Ministry of International Trade and Industry Used automobile recycling project

(Plant) (At work) Used cars are recycled with an improvement in the recycling rate and the promotion of proper treatment of oils and CFCs, producing quality scrap by advanced technology of dismantling and separation. Project leader: West Japan Auto Recycle Co., Ltd. (invested by Yoshikawa Kogyo Co., Ltd., Mitsui & Co., Ltd., Nippon Steel Corp., Nippon Steel Transportation Co., Ltd., Kyushu Metal Industry Company) Operation commenced in February 2000 Processing capacity of 18,000 cars/year 28 Project with eco-town subsidies of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry Mutual Collaboration in Kitakyushu Eco-Town ※Some collaborations have been changed currently. Harness Refuse Conducting CFCs Flexible container bag Electricity Trial-base Technologically Harness possible CRT from PC Comprehensive Environmental IC Board

InIndustrialdustrial CoComplexmplex lights Fluorescent Fluorescent PC lights Wooden blocks

Dokai Bay Area C FCs Gauge board

Wooden Polystyrene blocks chips Cans Wooden pallets Fluorescent lights I C

of slot machines W U U Board ooden ooden pallets sed oil sed plastics Fluorescen t li g hts from the offices in Kitakyushu Eco Town Wooden frame Engine Harnes Practical Research Area s Fuels Bio-diese l Fuels for machines of companies in Kitakyushu Toner Used oil Eco Town cartridges Used plastic （ELV, OA , Takano） Toner cartridge from Kitakyushu Defective parts (PP) Eco Town Cardboard, Office papers from companies Used plastics from the plants in Kitakyushu Eco Town 29 in Kitakyushu Eco Town （Toner Cartridges, Construction Waste, Second phase Hibiki Recycling Complex (Automobiles, Toner Fluorescent lights, Cans, Pachinko Board, project area Cartridge, Pachinko) Automobiles, PC Reuse) Composite Core Facility

Waste after thorough recycling by Eco-Town companies, industrial waste such as shredded waste are treated and recycled. Energy generated during waste treatment is efficiently used to supply electric power to recycling facilities in the complex. Operated by:Kitakyushu eco energy Co. Ltd. (invested by Nippon Steel Corp., Mitsui & Co., Ltd., Kyushu Electric Power Co.,Inc) Open: April 2005 Capacity : 320 t/day 30 Output : 14,000kw Electric Power Supplying From Composite Core Facility Kitakyushu Eco- town Power eceiving RecyclingAssociation Facility （Established(Home appliance, by law） Automobile, PET etc) ndustrial Waste such as shredded Resource Treatm waste and Recovery of ower nt f FC, etc. Slag and supply Leavin Metal About gs 4,500kw Composite Core Facility eavi （furnace） ngs ■Capacity : 320ｔ/Day ■Output : 14,000kw ower PCB （*Self-Using : 3,300kw）Treatment 4,500KFacility 31 W PCB treatment project

Operated by: Japan Environment Safety Corporation (JESCO) Coverage: PCB wastes from 17 prefectures west of okayama. Treatment method: Chemical treatment (dechlorination) 32 Open: December 2004 Accepting Waste from a Wide Area Gaining citizens’ understanding as a recycling hub for West Japan

PET Bottles OA Machinery From West Japan Kyushu, West Chugoku, Shikoku 20,000 tons/year 5,400 tons/year

Fluorescent Lights Electrical Appliances Area west of Kansai 5,270 tons/year Northern Kyushu, Yamaguchi Approx. 500 ,000 per year

Automobiles Mainly Fukuoka and Yamaguchi 50,000 per year PCB Treatment Facility

17 Prefectures in Kyushu, Medical Waste Chugoku and Shikoku West of Hiroshima, Kyushu 6,600 tons/year

33 Japan- hina Recycling City Cooperation Project

【Purpose】 Practical(Qingdao Application ofand Experience Tianjin) from the Kitakyushu Eco Town Project To implement cooperative actions for creating a sound material- cycle society in China through the practical application of know- how related to the construction and operation of Eco-Towns owned by local autonomies in Japan under② Cityan agreement of Tianjin between the ① City of Qingdao Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry・Assisting of inJapan making and a theplan Nation on al ・AssistingDevelopment in making and Reform a plan Commissionon creating of P.R. a China.sound material-cycle creating a sound material-cycle 【Outline of the Cooperation】 society in Tianjin society in Qingdao ・ Introducing policies of Japan and ・Conducting a feasibility study on Kitakyushu home appliance recycling project ・ Studying the possibility of and related technical exchanges exchanges between enterprises ・Inviting administrative and ・ Inviting Tianjin administrative corporative personnel to Japan for officers to Japan for training training ・Holding a seminar on project achievements for wider dissemination

The Mayors of Kitakyushu and Tianjin signing an agreement, The Vice Mayors of Kitakyushu and Qingdao signing an agreement accompanied by Chinese President Hu Jintao and Japanese Prime at the 2nd Japan-China Joint Forum on Energy Conservation, Minister Fukuda Environment and Sustainable Development (May 7, 2008, Prime Minister’s Official Residence in Tokyo) 34 (Sept.27, 2007, Great Hall of the People in Beijing) Eco-Model City of Japan (July, 2008)

Then-Prime Minister Fukuda (right) and Mayor of Kitakyushu City Kitahashi (left)

Objectives： Sustainable development towards creating a Low Carbon Society in Kitakyushu ・Peoples’ happiness ・40%%g of economic growth ・ Large scale CO2 reduction

Approaches: ・Urban development／Low carbon urban structure ・Industrial development／Innovative industries ・Human and social development／Happy life ・Sustainable development in Asia／Low carbon society CO2 reduction target in 2050 City:50% 35 Asia: 150% of Kitakyushu emissions Kitakyushu Eco-Model City Action Plan

Based on the concept of a stock-type society

Inspired by and tied to Creation of a Low Carbon Society Creation of new values residents’ environment and culture

Solutions for global warming Augmenting the city’s vitality Asian Development and Exchange

CO2 reduction targets: 30% by 2030 (citywide) 50% by 2050 (citywide) and 150% in Asia

Policies and 5-Year Actions Environment Environment Environment Environment Environment creating a driving the developing supporting a enhancing ties cutting-eddge cityit economeconomy human resou rces rich society with Asia

Kitakyushu Green Frontier 36 Centre for Low Carbon Society in Asia Co-benefit Cooperation (Economy & Environment)

Chelyabinsk Centre for Low Carbon Society in Asia Private Enterprise Packaging of Concentration Of Low Carbon Items Products, Utilizing Iron Slag High-efficient Related Items ・Planning technologies, etc. Sewerage Utilization of Coal Hohhot ・Technology ・Operation Tianjing Dalian ・Institution Resident Arrangement NGO Quingdao ItiIncentives For Kitaky ・ ushu Funding Partners ・ Awareness Education, etc. Lifestyle, etc. Organizations Eco-Town Coordination for Transferring ・Arranging Transferring Scheme Research Cambodia Institute City of Kitakyushu (LG) Ho Chi Minh Other ・City-to-City Cooperation Bangkok Cebu Water Supply ・Concerted approach of Stakeholders Technologies, Medan System, etc. Cleaner Production Cleaner Production International Framework ・International Organizations Local Bali ・National Governments Government Surabaya Composting of Policies Solid Waste Institution, etc.

City-to-City Environmental Cooperation Network in Asia (City Diplomacy) 37 Summary

■The Identity for an Environmental City by the History of Overcoming Public Pollutions. ■Environmental Industries are Necessary for all Industries. ■The U ni queness of R ecycli ng Bus iness are En trance an d Exit Problems. ■Kitakyushu is Selected by Japanese Government for the One of the Four Eco-Model Cities for the Low Carbon Society. ○In Eco-Model Projects, Activities： of[f [Energy]&[] & [MtMater ilials] at LCA: [Providing], [Manufacturing], [Using] and [Wasting] ○Environmental Cooperation with Foreign Countries.