15 th Kawasaki Eco-Business Forum February 7th, 2019

Eco-town, Circular Economy and Green City Innovation

Prof. FUJITA, Tsuyoshi Director of Social Environmental Systems Center , National Institute for Environmental Science, Japan Specially Appointed Prof. of Tokyo Inst. of Tech. Materials by Dr. K.Gomi, Dr. M.Fujii Three Keys for Sustainable Eco-Industrial Conversion from Experiences in Japan • Regulation and technology development for pollution control • Transformation toward Eco- industrial park for Material and Energy network • Green supply chain management 2 Industrial Symbiosis and Urban Industries to empower cities by circularization

3 Kawasaki Synergy Network （current situation ） Bio/life Treatment or Power generation & material industry City science recycling facility

Geng, Fujita et.al. J. of Cleaner Production, 2010

4 Eco-town area as demonstration project for Sound material cycle society METI & MOE approved Eco-Town Forming the basis of capacity that totally Plans for 26 areas as of the end of 2.18 mil t of wastes were treated January 2006, and they provided financial support to 62 facilities located within the appropriate areas.

Edited by Prof. Fujita, T. ，Published by METI,,2006 Distribution of Total Distribution of Investment Subsidy Total Investment projects in 24 Eco- 60 projects in 24 Distribution of Towns 600mil. US$ Eco-Towns 1.6 bil. US$ Japanese Berkel and Fujita et. al., Environment, Eco-towns 5 Science and Technology, 2010 Evaluation of 90 Circular Facilities in 26 Eco-towns

Reduction of Virgin Materials; 900,000.ton /yr CO2 Emission Reduction 480,000 t-CO2/yr Circular use ration of by-product 92% Intra-eco-town circulation ratio 61%

Supply areas unknown (Unit: 1,000 tons) Procurement areas unknown (6) 0% (70) 5% Recycling residue disposed of (40) 3% (310) 24% Resources circulated outside the prefecture (110)9% CRs procured from outside the Resources circulated outside the Eco Town Plan regions but within the prefecture prefecture FPs/RMs (70) 5% CRs procured from outside the Eco Town Plan CRs procured produced region but within the prefecture (1,300) 100% (780) 60% (130) 10% CRs utilized (1,200) 92% CRs procured from within the same Eco Town Plan regions CRs used as energy, or reduced in volume (830) 64% (470) 36% Ohnishi and Recycling residue disposed of (60) 5% Fujita et. al., J. of Cleaner Resources circulated within the Production, Eco Town Plan regions 2012 (580) 45%

Eco Town Plan regions

Outside the Eco Town Plan regions but within the prefecture 6 Outside the prefecture Environmental technology inventory and tentative application for cities

Inventory of circular technologies Numerical Formulation of circular technologies and preparatory estimation 1.00 0.90 Urban energy t-CO 2/t management technologies 0.75 0.66

Water retentively pavement Poltorantosement Usual process Production 0.57 Permeable pavement coal 0.50 In the cement one-ton Town district energy control Waste plastic technology manufacturing, the CO2 reduction room for 0.33 Underground water pumping clay 0.25 tons or less. ceramic Dirt and soot Rainwater storage technology Industrial symbiosis 0.00 従来型 循環型 都市・産業共生 production technologies Cement production technology Cement field fuel making t-CO250,0002 Waste plastic blast furnace reduction CO2 can be reduced 192,118 200,000 192 kt per year by power

Waste plastic ammonia raw fermentation Methane material making methane Slaked lime 150,000 fermentation facility Waste plastic Concri type frame introduction raw material making Methanol 100,000 Used paper manufacture raw material making 50,000 Gasification melting furnace Kitchen waste 0 0 Biomass circulation tech. Gasification melting furnace 遼寧省（現状） 遼寧省（メタン発酵導入）

Methane fermentation technology 35 t-CO 2/t-BOD 32 Bioethanol processing technology 30 28 water Processing

processing Purification 25

Circular water treatment tech. 20 The exhaust of CO2 for each unit pollution load polluted 15 removal of the septic tank Septic tank technology technology is less in the water 10 Liaoning ministry. Sewage disposal technology 5

Plant purification 0 合併浄化槽技術 下水道 浄化槽 Variation of Eco-Industrial Parks(EIP) Strategies in Eco-towns Green Institute URBAN REDEVELOPMENT (Minneapolis) Rural Area CITY-FARM TYPE EIP Recycle goodsKitakyushu Cape Charles SustainableFarm COLLABORATION retail & sale* Technology Park TYPE EIP Ecological (Virginia) Hokkaido consulting Ecological equipment company* manufacturing Environmental Compost Sustainable technology Information EIP Center; Demonstration research company* Business building* Support ･Environmental data bank CCR ･Collaborative marketing purchase Fuel Cell Methane ･Waste collection and recycling Fermentation Chen and -Eco-material, Recycled Material Fujita et. al., -Design for environment

Euro. J. ofEnvironment conscious commuting system Operation Clean Energy Environmental Residential LRT, Pedestrian education* Path Supply System Environmental Districts Research, Energy Storage communication* System* Akita, Osaka 2013 Fertilizer Urban Area INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS Organic waste Methane fermentation Chemical factory TYPE EIPCement factory Composting

Heat Plastic Heat Brownfield recycle center* Heat Fly ash Neighborhood Power plant* Collaboration Heat reverse logistics District heat supply Building material Oil recycle center* Petro chemical factory Industrial symbiosis type Industrial complex PRODUCT Kawasaki, Minamata REMANUFACTURING TYPE EIP Water Front Promoting Projects between Japan and Overseas through “Eco town ” Collaboration Menu for industry/government/ private sector collaborative Overseas governmental Japanese support framework and support governmental organizations including international organizations organizations

Eco-town Overseas local Collaboration based on inter- governments city agreements, etc. on policy governments information, social system Research information, human resources Research institutionsRecycle IndustriesRecycle institutionscirculatory Industries firmsRecycle Industries International public- Overseas firms, private sector projects Japanese firms, research consortiums research consortiums consortiums promotion of model projects 9 SDGs Future City Initiatives Announced on June 15, 2018 Hokkaido pref. SDGs Future City/ Local government SDGs mode program Sapporo city Shimokawa town 10 municipalities Suzu city Semboku city Niseko town SDGs Future City 19 municipalities Toyama city Iide town Matsushima city Nagano pref. Hakusan city Maniwa city Tsukuba city Sakai city Kanagawa pref. Okayama city Yokohama city Ube city Kamakura city Kitakyushu city Toyota city Shizuoka city Iki city Hiroshima pref. Totsugawa vil. Hamamatsu Oguni town city

Kamikatsu town Shima city

This map is made based on the blank map of Geospatial Information Authority of Japan 〔http://www.gsi.go.jp/ 〕 SDGs Cities from Circular Economy ・Circular region through local circularization and energy management ・Information and infrastructure system for resource circularization, local energy management and eco-system utilization

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Commuters Population t-1 Pop Cohort Energy Model Circular Birth Ratio Birth Solid Waste Production and Production Prep Estimat. Dr. GomiDr. NIES Outbound Outbound Cohort estimation and Cohort of socialestimation migrationin-out Net Net change 男性 女性 Local Local Inbound 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Residents 80_84 75_79 70_74 65_69 60_64 55_59 50_54 45_49 40_44 35_39 30_34 25_29 20_24 15_19 10_14 05_09 00_04 Residents 85_Over Local Local Definition ofpatterns commuting Modal Dist. tion Model Transporta- Public Public System  Retail Retail Retail Service Service Service , , sr sa , i r (( ) ) Estimated Estimated by population the , / nb r     , , i s r , b r       s , ,   , VA for i b ir ir r a , , , L VA LP P VAP for i nb ir isr L RS CM a  Model Model energy /        , , , Population Population and Local Economy Model isr sa , i r CO2 Emission CO2 Renewable Renewable CM LPR Lout PC P VA Local Energy Local , i r r   Industry         Agri. Fore. Agri. Agri. Fore. Agri. scenarios Estimated Estimated Production from Externaldesign- ation on Employment Production Regional Integrated Assessment Model AIM region AIMModel Assessment Integrated Regional Impact Model resource resource Land Land use regulation Land Use Ecological Ecological Ecological Impacts on endowments endowments Impact Model Climate Change Climate agri-production Adaptaion Model AIM AIM Regional toModelQuantify the SDGs Accomplishments Socio Economic Impacts of SDGs Policies in a township‚ Oguni Dr. Gomi NIES

(人) BaU Scenario SDGs Scenario 8,000 8,000 7,187 7,187 7,000 7,000 6,669 6,499 6,316 6,019 5,852 6,000 6,000 5,747 5,464 5,279 5,211 5,014 5,000 4,725 5,000 4,176 4,000 3,649 4,000 3,168 3,000 3,000

2,000 2,000

1,000 1,000

0 0

Age 0～14 15 ～64 65- 0～14 15 ～64 65- 13 Smart Symbiosis Initiatives for Eco town Innovation Smart ICT network will promote andInitiatives complement the synergetic network functions among stakeholders Energy and consumption Information support for optimizing Smart industrial complex demand control system local and regional material and energy supported by synergetic for urban sectors circularization information network among industries 発電量予測 Local Data 気象情報 Collection Local energy supply Center and demand

Smart Smart industrial complex Renewable community energy High value Local Urban symbiosis Smart Recycle substitutive Waste Center Power plant By-product Energy information Steel demand発電・熱量 Cement information Energy demand response Chemical incineration methane Demand Operation Urban and Waste and material information Regional symbiosis Energy 14 Locally suitable scenario development • Many local LCS scenarios have been developed with limited statistics and “default” parameters from national or international information. Such scenarios may not reflect local conditions properly. • We combines modeling with monitoring of local activity so that we can propose more suitable mitigation scenario and Action plans for a city/region. • Wider questionnaire survey is also adopted in order to supplement the monitoring.

Energy Monitoring Statistics Current environmental initiative • Current and future energy consumption pattern The model to project future scenarios: ExSS/AFOLUA • Energy saving potential Industry Population Agriculture + Questionnaire survey Land use Transport Waste and Forestry Transport Monitoring Energy Energy Demand GHG • Transport structure technologies • Vehicle speed Energy emissions • Fuel efficiency etc. Supply

Contribution 6000 Projected GHG emissions to emission reduction From “ Model Low Emission City ” Conversion of Fuel Oil to Gas for 5000 -21% Public Transportation: 21 ktCO2eq City Of Park: 57 ktCO2eq 4000 Bus Rapid Transportation System, 3000 Pedestrian Facilities, and Locally suitable Bicycle Track: 398 ktCO2eq Mitigation Policy Roadmap and 2000 LED for Street Lamp, Green Building Concept, and GHG emissions (ktCO2eq) emissionsGHG Eco-campus: 343 ktCO2eq 1000 Renewable energy: 250 ktCO2eq 0 potential actions investment mitigation scenarios 2013 2025 2025 Waste collection and recycling: BaU CM 47ktCO2eq Land use change Waste management Industry energy efficiency Energy - Transport Energy - Industry Energy - Commercial Energy - Residential improvement: 47ktCO2eq 5 15 Selected list of recent publications in the related topics

 Seiya Maki, Shuichi Ashina, Minoru Fujii, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al (2018); Energy consumption monitoring system and integrative time series analysis models - case study in the green city demonstration project in Bogor City, Indonesia , Frontiers of Energy  Remi Chandran, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al.(2018); Expert networks as science-policy interlocutors in the Implementation of a Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, Frontiers of Energy, in press  Yi Dou, Takuya Togawa, Liang Dong, Minoru Fujii, Satoshi Ohnishi, Hiroki Tanikawa, Tsuyoshi Fujita (2018) Innovative planning and evaluation system for district heating using waste heat considering spatial configuration: A case in Fukushima, Japan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 128, 406-416  Yujiro Hirano, Kei Gomi, Shogo Nakamura, Yukiko Yoshida, Daisuke Narumi, Tsuyoshi Fujita (2017) Analysis of the impact of regional temperature pattern on the energy consumption in the commercial sector in Japan. Energy and Buildings, 149, 160–170  Yujiro Hirano, Tsuyoshi Fujita (2016) Simulating the CO2 reduction caused by decreasing the air conditioning load in an urban area. Energy and Buildings, 114, 87-95  Yong Geng, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al. (2016) Recent progress on innovative eco-industrial development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 1-10  Hiroto Shiraki, Shuichi Ashina, Yasuko Kameyama, Seiji Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi Fujita (2016) Analysis of optimal locations for power stations and their impact on industrial symbiosis planning under transition toward low- carbon power sector in Japan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 81-94  Satoshi Ohnishi, Minoru Fujii, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al. (2016) Comparative analysis of recycling industry development in Japan following the Eco-Town program for eco-industrial development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 95-102  Takuya Togawa, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al. (2016) Integrating GIS databases and ICT applications for the design of energy circulation systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 224-232  Minoru Fujii, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al. (2016) Possibility of developing low-carbon industries through urban symbiosis in Asian cities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 376-386

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