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UN Photo/Rick Bajornas; #637483; 08/07/2015 #637483; Bajornas; Photo/Rick UN Photo/Isaac Billy; #755596; 21/01/2018

24 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization

B. Maintenance of international peace and security

UNMISS TROOPS ON ROAD PATROL THROUGH REMOTE AREA OF MUNDRI South

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 25 UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS, SPECIAL POLITICAL MISSIONS AND OTHER OFFICES IN THE FIELD

UNIFIL UNMIK Lebanon Kosovo UNSCOL UNFICYP Lebanon Cyprus UNDOF Special Adviser Golan Heights Cyprus Special Envoy Syrian Arab Republic UNRGID Geneva UNTSO Middle East MINURSO UNAMI Western Sahara Iraq UNRCCA Personal Envoy Ashgabat Western Sahara UNAMA Afghanistan UNSMIL UNSCO Special Envoy UNMOGIP Middle East Sudan/ India and Pakistan UNAMID MINUJUSTH Special Envoy UNOWAS Darfur, Sudan Myanmar Haiti Special Envoy UNISFA Yemen UNIOGBIS Abyei UN Verification Mission -Bissau UNOAU in Colombia MINUSMA UNMISS South Sudan

CNMC UNSOS UNSOM Somalia UNOCA Special Envoy Great Lakes Region MINUSCA

Peacekeeping mission Special Envoy MONUSCO Special political mission or office Democratic Field support mission

CNMC Cameroon-Nigeria Mixed Commission UNAMA United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan MINUJUSTH United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti UNAMI United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in UNAMID African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur Western Sahara UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force MINUSCA United Nations Multidimensional Integrated UNFICYP United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon MINUSMA United Nations Multidimensional Integrated UNIOGBIS United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Stabilization Mission in Mali Guinea-Bissau MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission UNISFA United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei in the Democratic Republic of the Congo UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo

Source: DPKO/DFS, UN

26 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization UNIFIL UNMIK Lebanon Kosovo UNSCOL UNFICYP Lebanon Cyprus UNDOF Special Adviser Golan Heights Cyprus Special Envoy Syrian Arab Republic UNRGID Geneva UNTSO Middle East MINURSO UNAMI Western Sahara Iraq UNRCCA Personal Envoy Ashgabat Western Sahara UNAMA Afghanistan UNSMIL UNSCO Special Envoy UNMOGIP Libya Middle East Sudan/South Sudan India and Pakistan UNAMID MINUJUSTH Special Envoy UNOWAS Darfur, Sudan Myanmar Haiti Dakar Special Envoy UNISFA Yemen UNIOGBIS Abyei UN Verification Mission Guinea-Bissau UNOAU in Colombia Addis Ababa MINUSMA UNMISS Mali South Sudan

CNMC UNSOS Cameroon Somalia Nigeria UNSOM Somalia UNOCA Libreville Special Envoy Great Lakes Region MINUSCA Central African Republic

Special Envoy MONUSCO Burundi Democratic Republic of the Congo

UNMISS United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan UNSCO Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India for the Middle East Peace Process and Pakistan UNSCOL Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator UNOCA United Nations Regional Office for Central for Lebanon UNOWAS United Nations Office for and the Sahel UNSMIL United Nations Support Mission in Libya UNRCCA United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive UNSOM United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia Diplomacy for Central Asia UNSOS United Nations Support Office in Somalia UNRGID United Nations Representative to the Geneva UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization International Discussions

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 27 PREVENTION AND SUSTAINING permeate everything we do. It should reiterated their support for precisely PEACE cut across all pillars of the Organization’s such a holistic and coordinated approach across the United Nations In the spirit of the Charter’s work — within respective mandates and resources — and unite us for more system in support of prevention. Many determination “to save succeeding effective delivery. To further ensure of the recently endorsed reforms will generations from the scourge of war”, that we live up to this challenge, I have equip the Organization to provide and in recognition of how far we have to also articulated the idea of a prevention more effective support to Member go in meeting this goal, I have made the platform with the aim not of creating States across the spectrum of the prevention of crises, vulnerabilities and new structures or processes, but rather prevention challenges they face. conflicts my highest priority. as an internal organizational, cultural Through the creation of an integrated Prevention is first and foremost and management tool designed to regional structure and a more effective about supporting efforts by national enable us to make maximum use of positioning of the Peacebuilding Support Office as the hinge with Governments and populations to existing resources and capacities in the development pillar, the ongoing make full use of the gamut of United support of a broader prevention agenda restructuring of the United Nations Nations tools and programmes. Peace that is commensurate with the risks peace and security architecture aims to must be homegrown, but it can be and challenges our Member States are facing. achieve coordination across the three effectively bolstered through coherent pillars of peace and security, sustainable and strategic international support. To At the high-level meeting on development and human rights in that end, I have conveyed to the United peacebuilding and sustaining peace, support of prevention. The reform of the Nations system that prevention should held in April 2018, Member States United Nations development system will enable us to make more concerted progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals, recognizing that Peace must be homegrown, but it the implementation of these Goals is the can be effectively bolstered through most effective contribution we can make to prevention. strategic international support. Sustaining peace is relevant to all the United Nations peace and security tools and entails an emphasis on partnerships, national ownership and recognition of the interlinkages of the United Nations work. I am heartened by the support of Member States for this vision. UN Photo/Herve Serefio; #749474; 25/01/2018 MINUSCA peacekeepers organize a youth peace week in , Central African Republic.

28 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization OVER 100,000 PEACEKEEPERS ARE DEPLOYED IN UN MISSIONS

The number of peacekeepers has begun to decline from record highs Number of deployed military and police personnel

Troops Police Military Observers

Over 130 peacekeepers died in the pursuit of peace in 2017 Number of peacekeeping fatalities

Source: DPKO/DFS, UN

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 29 ADAPTING TOOLS TO NEW implement their tasks in the absence to high levels of conflict-related CONFLICTS of viable political processes. In the sexual violence, the Organization has Our missions on the ground remain Democratic Republic of the Congo, increasingly focused on prevention critical tools in preventing conflict technical progress has not been through dialogue, addressing conflict- and sustaining peace: there are 14 matched by political progress on the related sexual violence in peace peacekeeping operations, one operation political agreement of 31 December processes, and addressing impunity. 2016, leading me to recommend to the supporting the African Union in Somalia In response to these complex Security Council adjustments to the and 38 special political missions environments, United Nations posture, priorities and sequencing of the currently deployed around the world. peacekeeping missions have developed tasks of the United Nations Organization new tools to implement protection During the past year, peacekeeping’s Stabilization Mission in that country. mandates across the whole mission. strong track record was demonstrated by Similarly, a resolution in respect of Abyei, A new framework on accountability the successful conclusion of the missions a border region disputed by the Sudan for senior leadership lays out clearer in Côte d’Ivoire and , as well as and South Sudan, remains elusive. I have responsibilities for both civilian and the transition to the United Nations proposed to the Security Council an Mission for Justice Support in Haiti, a expansion of the political engagement uniformed personnel. Recognizing smaller peacekeeping mission in that of the United Nations Interim Security that protection is fundamentally about country with a two-year exit strategy. On Force for Abyei, while recommending prevention, missions have strengthened the basis of these experiences, we are operational changes designed to reduce analysis and early warning of threats to strengthening our internal arrangements the potential for escalation and pave the civilians, as well as innovative community to ensure that transitions from large way for renewed political dialogue. engagement and local conflict mediation peacekeeping operations to other forms efforts. The United Nations Organization of United Nations presence, including Protection of civilians remains a Stabilization Mission in the Democratic tailored country team configurations, significant challenge. Children continue Republic of the Congo has developed allow host nations to sustain gains to be increasingly and disproportionately a comprehensive approach focused already achieved. affected by armed conflict. In 2017, first on de-escalation and resolution of following changing conflict dynamics conflicts, while shifting its posture from Despite recent successes, our and the intensification of armed protection by presence (being there) to peacekeeping missions are increasingly clashes, there were at least 6,000 protection through projection (taking operating in deteriorating security verified violations against children by action). Acknowledging that partnerships environments encompassing asymmetric government forces and over 15,000 are an essential part of prevention, the threats, transnational organized crime by a range of non-State armed groups. protection of civilians sites in the United and regionalized conflicts, without Violations perpetrated included Nations Mission in South Sudan, which clear trajectories for political progress, recruitment and use, sexual violence, continue to host and protect more than increasing the toll on our military, killing and maiming, abductions, attacks 200,000 internally displaced persons, police and civilian peacekeepers, 131 of on schools and hospitals and denial remain an example of close coordination whom died in service in the past year. of humanitarian assistance. Surges with humanitarian partners. Our operations are adapting to better in the number of abductions point to perform in these complex environments. a sustained reliance on children for To respond to the challenges facing As a result of the report of Lieutenant combat and support duties. In response peacekeeping, on 28 March 2018, I General (Retired) Carlos Alberto dos introduced the Action for Peacekeeping Santos Cruz on peacekeeping fatalities, many missions are implementing specific action plans designed to better Children continue to be increasingly protect peacekeepers while maintaining their ability to carry out their mandate, and disproportionately affected including on the protection of civilians. by armed conflict. The response to security threats to our peacekeepers must, however, be set in a broader context, one in which many missions are now asked to

30 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization UN Photo/Albert González Farran; #755619; 27/03/2018

NGOs and cultural organizations bid farewell to UNMIL, , Liberia.

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 31 THE UN MISSION IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE COMPLETED ITS JOB

Peacekeeping deployment responded to changes in the political and security situation Troops Number of Peacekeepers deployed in Côte d’Ivoire Police

Military observers

K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K

Mission Presidential Presidential Mission begins election election ends

Source: DPKO/DFS, UN Parliamentary Parliamentary election election

Economic growth has resumed The number of refugees and internally displaced GDP per capita (PPP) in Cote d’Ivoire persons (IDPs) has decreased Refugees from, and IDPs in, Côte d’Ivoire

K

Source: World Bank Source: UNHCR

32 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization WHAT WE DID

Deployed over 6,000 Helped disarm peacekeepers in 2004 and increased them to over 70,000 UNOCI protected civilians, enabled inclusive combatants and political dialogue and supported the Ivorian re-integrate them into Government in the disarmament, demobilization and 11,000 society. reintegration (DDR) of former combatants after 2011

Supported Strengthened the National Commission on Human Rights and Helped create conditions 2 helped decrease reported Supported social presidential and for the return of human rights violations by cohesion through

2 250,000 legislative elections 95% 1,000 refugees between 2011 and 2016 Quick Impact Projects

WHY WE LEFT

Peace and stability have been restored Côte d’Ivoire has become one of the fastest growing economies in Africa

The Ivorian administration is now Security forces are strengthened and women have present in all 108 local departments been integrated

Source: DPKO/DFS, UN; UNOCI

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 33 initiative at the Security Council high- peace. Many of these missions — in political process, while also planning level debate on peacekeeping. I called Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya and Somalia, for for the full mission to return to Libya in for all peacekeeping stakeholders, example — are deployed in challenging 2019. In Yemen too, a recently appointed including the Secretariat, the Security security contexts and, as do my Special Envoy has brought renewed Council, troop- and police-contributing Special Envoys for Syria and Yemen, impetus to the political process. Despite countries, financial contributors, host carry responsibility for complex peace recent intensification in the conflict, the countries and regional organizations processes amid ongoing high levels Special Envoy presented to the Security to renew their commitment to of violence. Others, especially in the Council in June 2018 elements of a peacekeeping by identifying ways three regional offices for Central Africa, negotiation framework, which he hopes for all partners to better support Central Asia and West Africa and the will allow for a resumption of peace talks. peacekeeping. We plan to capture our Sahel, often serve as “first responders” respective and mutual commitments in to risks of instability and conflict. Special Given the cross-border nature of security a declaration that Member States will be political missions and envoys routinely threats such as transnational crime and invited to support later in 2018. make use of a range of United Nations drug trafficking, regional, national and subnational approaches are all essential For its part, the Secretariat must better mediation capabilities and expertise, to the United Nations engagements fulfil its responsibilities to peacekeeping including the Standby Team of Senior in much of Africa. I will continue to stakeholders and to peacekeepers in Mediation Advisers. My High-level advocate for integrated approaches the field. By means of an action plan to Advisory Board on Mediation is a new to addressing security, development improve the security of peacekeepers, resource also available across the range and humanitarian challenges, including we are ensuring that personnel are of our activities. through the work of my regional offices. better trained and equipped to face The regionalization of conflict is one of high-risk environments, including I especially recognize the efforts of the most challenging trends we face the Peacebuilding Commission and by improvised explosive device risk today. The Middle East, for example, is mitigation against asymmetric threats the United Nations Office for West characterized by several interconnected Africa and the Sahel to mobilize where adversaries to peace have conflicts with enormous humanitarian greater fire power. We are also taking relevant stakeholders steps to improve performance. Through to advance several United Nations Peacekeeping implementation of an Defence Ministerials, we have received Special political missions integrated strategy for new military and police pledges, which the Sahel. are being managed by way of a new remain a flexible I continue to emphasize Peacekeeping Capability Readiness the enormous potential System website. Triangular partnerships and versatile response. of credible, inclusive between Member States with expertise, and peaceful elections. troop- and police-contributing countries consequences far beyond the region Together with our partners, notably the and the Secretariat have also enhanced itself. The Middle East peace process critical skills of our operations in Economic Community of West African remains stalled and the situation in engineering, signals and command States, we supported the successful Gaza is deteriorating. Against the and control. Thanks to these advances, holding of elections in Guinea, Liberia regional backdrop, Iraq and its partners we can better fit units to operating and . The strengthening successfully completed operations environments and identify opportunities of the United Nations Office in against ISIL and the Organization to fill training and capability gaps. in 2017 improved our capacity to supported major stabilization efforts in support regional organizations, Special political missions remain the liberated areas. Libya and Yemen national institutions, and local peace a flexible and versatile modality of are both at critical junctures. Having architectures. More recently, I appointed response to a wide range of situations. appointed a new Special Representative, a Special Adviser on to help Ranging from special envoys and I launched the United Nations action to facilitate a national dialogue process regional offices to country-specific plan on Libya in September 2017. The and create a conducive environment for missions, they share a common purpose United Nations Support Mission in Libya, the upcoming elections. — to support political processes and based in since 2011, has adopted work with partners to secure sustainable a bottom-up approach to supporting the

34 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization I welcome the historic agreement process in Colombia. My visit in January between Greece and the former 2018 signalled the Organization’s Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on commitment to continue working the long-standing name issue, reached together with Colombia, including under the auspices of my Personal through the complementary work of Envoy, which demonstrates the value of the United Nations Verification Mission perseverance and quiet diplomacy. My established in September 2017 and Special Envoy for Burundi supported the United Nations country team. In the East African Community-led Myanmar, the world is witnessing its inter-Burundi Dialogue. My Special fastest growing refugee crisis, following Envoy for the Great Lakes Region has the violence of August 2017 in Rakhine launched a joint mechanism with the State. We must implement the joint Regional Oversight Mechanism for the response plan agreed to by Myanmar Democratic Republic of the Congo to and the United Nations and address the address the repatriation of disarmed underlying causes, including the issue of foreign combatants. citizenship for the Rohingya, to prevent further violence. My newly appointed Despite continuing challenges, the Special Envoy made her first visit to United Nations has also contributed Myanmar in June 2018. significantly to the promising peace Photo #745968; 13/12/2017 #745968; Photo

UN Peacekeeper interacts with a local community member while patrolling in Rmeish, South Lebanon.

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 35 THE UN MISSION IN LIBERIA CAME TO CLOSE AFTER 15 YEARS

The UN mission adapted to improvements in the political and security situation Number of peacekeepers deployed in Liberia

K Troops Police K Military observers K K K K K K K K K K K K K

Presidential Presidential Presidential Mission and legislative and legislative and legislative Mission begins elections elections elections ends

Source: DPKO/DFS, UN

Economic progress has been significant since The number of refugees and internally displaced the crisis persons (IDPs) has decreased GDP per capita (PPP) in Liberia Refugees from, and IDPs in, Liberia

Source: World Bank Source: UNHCR

36 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization WHAT WE DID

Between 2003 and 2018, over Disarmed over 126,000 100,000 military, combatants and secured over UNMIL protected civilians, supported humanitarian and 16,000 21,000 human rights activities and police weapons as well as over assisted in national security reform, including national police training and formation of a new, 23,000 5 million restructured military civilian staff served in UNMIL rounds of ammunition

Helped create conditions for Helped organize hundreds of thousands of refugees and displaced persons to return home, including over 3 peaceful presidential and Supported the strengthening legislative elections in 2005, of Liberian security forces, 26,000 2011 and 2017 including integration of women to Côte d’Ivoire

WHY WE LEFT

The State, which had collapsed during the war, The country’s justice and security institutions – re-established its authority throughout the country police, courts, corrections – were rebuilt and deployed throughout the country

Economic recovery helped regain more than 90% Liberia’s borders became more secure of GDP losses experienced during the conflict

Source: DPKO/DFS, UN; UNMIL

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 37 THE UN PEACEBUILDING FUND ALLOCATED OVER $157 MILLION IN 2017 Peacebuilding fund approvals and cost extensions in 2017 (US$ million)

HAITI $3.0M $4.0M

BOSNIA AND COLOMBIA HERZEGOVINA $11.8M $2.0M TAJIKISTAN $1.0M HONDURAS $1.2M

KYRGYZSTAN $11.5M

EL SALVADOR LEBANON $3.0M $2.9M MYANMAR $3.8M

GUATEMALA $4.1M $3.0M

MALI $11.7M PHILIPPINES $3.0M GUINEA $7.9M

GAMBIA YEMEN $3.1M $5.0M PAPUA NEW GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU $2.0M $7.3M SOMALIA SRI LANKA $2.2M $2.4M SIERRA LEONE $4.9M SOLOMON ISLANDS $2.9M LIBERIA $12.3M SOUTH SUDAN $5.0M

2017 Approvals CÔTE D’IVOIRE $5.5M UNITED REPUBLIC OF Other countries with on-going $1.0M PBF programing CAMEROON $1.4M BURUNDI $7.5M

CHAD $1.4M CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC $14.9M The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or any area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Source: PBSO, UN

38 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization THE UN PEACEBUILDING FUND ALLOCATED OVER $157 MILLION IN 2017 Peacebuilding fund approvals and cost extensions in 2017 (US$ million)

HAITI NIGER $3.0M $4.0M

BOSNIA AND COLOMBIA HERZEGOVINA $11.8M $2.0M TAJIKISTAN $1.0M HONDURAS $1.2M

KYRGYZSTAN $11.5M

EL SALVADOR LEBANON $3.0M $2.9M MYANMAR $3.8M

GUATEMALA BURKINA FASO $4.1M $3.0M

MALI $11.7M PHILIPPINES $3.0M GUINEA $7.9M

GAMBIA YEMEN $3.1M $5.0M PAPUA NEW GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU $2.0M $7.3M SOMALIA SRI LANKA $2.2M $2.4M SIERRA LEONE $4.9M SOLOMON ISLANDS $2.9M LIBERIA $12.3M SOUTH SUDAN $5.0M CÔTE D’IVOIRE $5.5M UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA $1.0M CAMEROON $1.4M BURUNDI $7.5M

CHAD $1.4M CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC $14.9M

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 39 EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS AND headquarters of the European Union, I our collaboration from crisis response COLLABORATIONS look forward to finalizing a framework and recovery to risk reduction and Effective partnerships amplify the document in September that sets out our prevention. The Strategic Partnership United Nations efforts and increase organizations’ joint priorities to support Framework agreement with the World collective chances at success. At the peace operations and encourage Bank that we signed in May 2018 regional level, we have institutionalized prevention. Partnerships with other further aligns our support to countries our partnership with the African Union, regional actors continue to move forward in implementing the Sustainable including through a Joint Framework and, on 12 and 13 June 2018, I convened Development Goals and climate and for Enhanced Partnership in Peace a high-level dialogue with the heads of post-crisis humanitarian responses. 20 regional and other organizations to and Security set up in 2017. The United WOMEN AND PEACE AND discuss key strategic issues. Nations Support Office in Somalia SECURITY has continued to provide support to We must also continue to work with The women and peace and security the African Union Mission in Somalia, international financial institutions. agenda remains a priority. The United the regional peacekeeping mission The United Nations-World Bank Nations continues to make progress operated by the African Union with study, Pathways for Peace, is the first in enhancing women’s participation in the approval of the United Nations. endeavour of its kind and the United peacekeeping, and approximately 11 However, region-led peace operations Nations is working closely with the Bank per cent of staff officers and observers in Africa lack sustained and predictable on its recommendations. The Partnership are female, nearing the target of 15 per financing, and I encourage Member Framework for Crisis-Affected Situations cent by 2018. The United Nations also States to consider my proposals in this that I signed with the President of the works to promote women’s meaningful regard. Following my recent visit to the World Bank in April 2017 explicitly shifts inclusion in peace processes and to

States that received United Nations electoral assistance in 2017

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA LIBYA LEBANON CHAD KYRGYZSTAN ARMENIA IRAQ PAKISTAN

MALI MEXICO NEPAL JORDAN HAITI BELIZE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BANGLADESH GUATEMALA HONDURAS EL SALVADOR GUINEA-BISSAU GUINEA SOUTH SUDAN SURINAME SIERRA LEONE SOMALIA LIBERIA NAURU NIGERIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA CAMEROON TIMOR-LESTE SOLOMON ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (CAR) BOLIVIA VANUATU MADAGASCAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (DRC) CHILE ARGENTINA NEW CALEDONIA ()

The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps are not warranted to be error free nor do they necessarily imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Source: DPA, UN

Assistance provided under Request received in 2017, Assistance provided a Security Council mandate assistance started later upon request

40 Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization promote gender sensitive agreements, STRENGTHENING UNITED prevention. Despite an increasingly including by developing a close working NATIONS SUPPORT TO NATIONAL challenging funding environment, relationship with Member State regional AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL Member State demand for United and national networks of women PROCESSES Nations electoral assistance remains mediators. With regard to financing of consistently strong, and United Nations Effective governance and the rule of the agenda, 36 per cent of Peacebuilding support is currently being provided in law are important for sustainable peace, Fund support went to programmes some 60 countries. and we continue to enhance institutional intended to further gender equality, support efforts. In Liberia, an improved With regard to intergovernmental surpassing the 15 per cent minimum legal framework helped to resolve processes, in 2017 the Security Council called for by the Secretary-General in electoral disputes peacefully following significantly expanded and strengthened 2009. As 15 per cent has been adopted the elections held in October 2017. the sanctions regime on the Democratic as a minimum standard by a growing Security sector reform has enhanced People’s Republic of Korea, which number of Member States and other the security of States and citizens, may have contributed to bringing organizations, other United Nations for example in the Central African about the current dialogue for peace entities working on peacebuilding, Republic where the United Nations on the peninsula. The Council also recovery, or countering violent extremism mission supported the development introduced sanctions on Mali. In addition, still have more work to do to track their of a national strategy on these issues. the Security Council undertook five investments on gender equality and United Nations police continue to missions to enhance its understanding reach this minimum threshold. Equally, support national police services to better of realities on the ground. The women continue to be underrepresented protect populations, while civil affairs Secretariat has moreover supported the in decision-making in peacekeeping, staff work to support local reconciliation. Council’s functioning and performance as well as local and national peace Similarly, the efforts of the United Nations by providing more accessible, processes, making further efforts on the Mine Action Service have supported comprehensive and accurate data on participation front imperative. stabilization through its coordination its work. Not least, we must redouble YOUTH AND PEACE AND SECURITY in clearing explosive contamination efforts to find a peaceful resolution of The Security Council’s recent focus on from key infrastructure, such as the the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, including youth and peace and security, including Qusur water treatment plant in Iraq, through the United Nations support to its open debate in April and its adoption which now provides clean water to the General Assembly Committee on the of a resolution in June, highlights the 300,000 residents. Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the important role that young people play in Palestinian People. preventing conflict and sustaining peace. The work of the The recently finalized United Nations Peacebuilding Commission strategy on youth prioritizes supporting Effective governance and the Peacebuilding young people as catalysts for peace Fund remains invaluable and security, sustainable development, and rule of law and I have called for human rights and humanitarian action. are important for the revitalization of the This includes the promotion of an Peacebuilding Support enabling environment that promotes sustainable peace. Office and a quantum intercultural and interreligious dialogue, leap in funding for the is conducive to young people’s Peacebuilding Fund. actions, and recognizes their important Improving Organization-wide The Commission’s engagement with contributions in informal and formal collaboration in support of national the Security Council has catalysed processes, including in mediation, processes is an ongoing priority. A joint international attention and support, conflict resolution and peace processes. programme between the United Nations which, for example, resulted in $1.9 Development Programme and the billion pledged to support , Department of Political Affairs assisted while the Fund assisted Liberia in more than 60 countries in 2017, largely operationalizing its peacebuilding plan. by deploying peace and development The Peacebuilding Fund programmed a advisers to support resident coordinators record-setting $157 million for 82 projects in building national capacities for conflict in 31 countries in 2017.

Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Organization 41