DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0316736A1 Aharon (43) Pub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0316736A1 Aharon (43) Pub US 20100316736A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0316736A1 Aharon (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 16, 2010 (54) APPETITE SUPPRESSANT (86). PCT No.: PCT/IL2008/OO1402 S371 (c)(1), (75) Inventor: Refael Aharon, Jerusalem (IL) (2), (4) Date: Apr. 22, 2010 Correspondence Address: Related U.S. Application Data THE NATH LAW GROUP (60) Provisional application No. 60/996,005, filed on Oct. 112 South West Street 24, 2007. Alexandria, VA 22314 (US) Publication Classification (73) Assignee: DESERT LABS AGRICULTURE (51) int-Cl COOPERATIVE ASSOCATION St. C LTD., Eilot (IL) (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 424/725 (21) Appl. No.: 12/739,264 (57) ABSTRACT Provided is an extract of Hoodia Parviflora, as well as its use (22) PCT Filed: Oct. 23, 2008 as an appetite Suppressant. Patent Application Publication Dec. 16, 2010 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2010/0316736A1 O OO CO St. CN O oo co r CN O CD ON ON CN CN CN v- a v- ve Wep / eugue? us Aep 1 eulue 1 Jo CN CN CN E SS SE SS 535 SS as is 3 SS d553 (5 8 :Z tS (55 d5 H C O CD X a 2 y > 0) Patent Application Publication Dec. 16, 2010 Sheet 2 of 3 US 2010/0316736A1 210 -(- Control female - H Standart 200 Gordonii - S - Big Gordonii 190 -X- Yotvata Gordonii -K- Parviflora 18O -O- Rushi -H Macarenta 170 - Parviflora X2 160 ---- Standart Gordonii X2 Yotvata Gordonii X2 150- - - Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day Day -1 3 5 8 9 10 11 12 14 FG. 2 Patent Application Publication Dec. 16, 2010 Sheet 3 of 3 US 2010/0316736A1 US 2010/03 16736 A1 Dec. 16, 2010 APPETITE SUPPRESSANT 0013. A composition comprising an extract of the inven tion as used herein can be, but is not limited to, a nutritional FIELD OF THE INVENTION composition, a nutraceutical composition, a pharmaceutical composition, a functional food and so forth. A composition as 0001. This invention relates to the field of appetite Sup used herein can be edible (e.g. it can be eaten, drunk, Swal pressants from Hoodia plant. lowed and so forth). A composition as used herein may be in BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION liquid form or Solid form, Such as, but not limited to, an oil, a beverage, a tablet, a powder, an ice cream, a frozen tablet, a 0002 Obesity is a major public health concern because of milk additive, and so forth. its increasing prevalence and associated health risks, includ 0014. As used herein, the term “nutritional denotes that ing coronary heart disease, strokes, hypertension, type 2 dia which is beneficially assimilated by the subject for normal betes mellitus, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, gall growth, general health or vitality of the subject. bladder disease, depression, and certain forms of cancer (e.g., 0015 The term "edible” as used herein does not necessar endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon). ily imply a compound which is palatable, or even one which 0003 Hoodia, from the Asclepiadaceae subfamily in the can safely, as proven by animal experiments, be eaten, in its Apocynaceae family, is a Succulent plant from Southern pure form. Rather, the term is intended to mean that the Africa that contains substances which suppress hunger, appe compound must be one which is acceptable for use in a food tite, and thirst. The use of certain species of Hoodia as an at the concentrations in which it is used in the composition as appetite Suppressant is Supported by colorful folklore history determined by authorities such as the FDA. and recent scientific studies. Tribesmen hunters in Africa 0016. A nutritional composition as used herein is intended have used Hoodia for many years to prevent hunger on long to encompass Supplementation by enteral method and hunting trips. includes, without limitation, dietary Supplements and/or 0004. The (active) ingredient of Hoodia which appears to medicinal Supplements, in liquid or Solid form, e.g., as a be responsible for the appetite Suppressing effect is named natural extract, a beverage, a (frozen) tablet, or a powder, and P57, an oxypregnane Steroidal glycoside with the chemical so forth. By way of example, the nutritional composition of name (3 B, 12B, 14B)-3-(O-6-Deoxy-3-O-methyl-f-D-glu the invention is easily administered to a mammal by enteral copyrano-(1->4)-O-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-f-D-ribo hex administration, preferably by oral administration as a food opyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-3-D-ribo-hex product or a food additive. The food product can be a solid or opyranosyl)oxy-14-hydroxy-12-(2E)-2-methyl-1-oxo-2- a liquid. Alternatively, the nutritional Supplement is in a form butenyloxypregn-5-en-20-one. conventionally known to those skilled in the art as suitable for 0005 Within the genus Hoodia, mostly the species administering oil and water-based vitamins and metabolites, Hoodia gordinnii is used as a natural appetite Suppressant. Such as, without limitation, encapsulation within a soft gela tin capsule. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 0017. As used herein, the term "dietary denotes that 0006. The subject invention now provides an extract of which is naturally a part of the subject's diet. Hoodia Parviflora, the appetite suppressant activity of which 0018. A nutraceutical composition as used herein can be is more efficient than those of other Hoodia species. any Substance that may be considered a food or part of a food and provides medical or health benefits, including the preven BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES tion and treatment of obesity. Such nutraceutical composi tions include, but are not limited to, a food additive, a food 0007 FIG. 1 shows food consumption in male and female Supplement, a dietary Supplement, a vegetable, a herbal prod rats after 5 and 14 days of treatment with several species of uct, and a processed food Such as cereal, Soup, beverage and Hoodia, stimulant functional food and pharmafood. 0008 FIG. 2 shows body weight in female rats after 0019. A functional food as used herein can be any func administration of several types of Hoodia after different inter tional food, including, but not limited to, dairy product, ice vals of time; and cream, biscuit, soy product, bakery, pastry and bread, sauce, 0009 FIG. 3 shows the P57 content in several species of Soup, prepared food, frozen food, condiment, confectionary, Hoodia. oils andfat, margarine, spread, filling, cereal, instant product, drinks and shake, infant food, bar, Snack, candy and chocolate DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION product. 0010. The subject invention provides an extract of Hoodia 0020. As used herein, the term “food additive' denotes a parviflora. substantially-pure material which is added to food for a nutri 0011 Hoodia as used herein includes any species of tional benefit. Hoodia, such as, but not limited to, Hoodia parviflora, 0021. As used herein, the term “food product denotes a Hoodia gordonii, Hoodia macrantha, Hoodia currorii, product intended for ingestion by a mammal, including Hoodia lugardi, Hoodia ruschii, Hoodia tugardii and mix humans, which has nutritional value. tures thereof. 0022. A plant as used herein means any part of the plant, 0012. An extract as used herein includes, but is not limited Such as, but not limited to stems, arms, leaves and mixtures to, liquid extracts, Solid extracts or spray-dried extracts, e.g. thereof. sap and plant solids. A liquid extract may be prepared by 0023 Hoodia Parviflora extracts of the invention are use homogenizing the whole plant. Sap may be harvested from ful as appetite Suppressants. An appetite Suppressant as used the plant through a wound or opening. An extract as used herein denotes activity which tends to limit appetite and/or herein may be purified, partially purified, concentrated and/or increase the sense of Satiety, and thus tends to reduce total fractionated. calorific intake; which in turn tends to counteract obesity. US 2010/03 16736 A1 Dec. 16, 2010 Accordingly, this invention extends to a method of treating or 0036. The invention further includes a composition com preventing obesity in a human or non-human animal which prising an extract of the invention, in combination with pack comprises administering to said human or non-human animal aging material, including instructions for the use of the com an obesity treating or preventing amount of Hoodia extract of position for a use as hereinbefore described. the invention. 0037 Extracts of the invention may be administered in 0024. As used herein, the term “subject’ expressly conjunction with other ingredients, including, but not limited includes human and non-human mammalian Subjects. to folic acid, vitamins, minerals, anti-oxidants, other extracts 0025. The term “non-human animal’ as used herein from plants or fruit, liquid flavors and so forth. extends to, but is not restricted to, companion animals, e.g. 0038 Liquid flavors as used herein means any liquid flavor household pets and domesticated animals. Non-limiting characterized by low viscosity. examples of Such animals include cattle, sheep, ferrets, 0039 Vitamins as used herein means any vitamin such as, Swine, camels, horses, poultry, fish, rabbits, goats, dogs and but not limited to, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Folic Acid, Vitamin Cats. C, Biotin, Pantothenic acid, K, A, D, E and so forth. 0026. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions. A pharmaceutical composition as used herein 0040 Antioxidants as used herein are meant to encompass means a composition comprising an extract of the invention, any antioxidant such as, but not limited to a compound that in admixture with acceptable auxiliaries such as, but not has antioxidant activity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cop13 Analyses Cover 29 Jul 04.Qxd
    IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 13th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties Bangkok, Thailand 2-14 October 2004 Prepared by IUCN Species Survival Commission and TRAFFIC Production of the 2004 IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices was made possible through the support of: The Commission of the European Union Canadian Wildlife Service Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Department for Nature, the Netherlands Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany Federal Veterinary Office, Switzerland Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Dirección General para la Biodiversidad (Spain) Ministère de l'écologie et du développement durable, Direction de la nature et des paysages (France) IUCN-The World Conservation Union IUCN-The World Conservation Union brings together states, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organizations in a unique global partnership - over 1 000 members in some 140 countries. As a Union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. IUCN builds on the strengths of its members, networks and partners to enhance their capacity and to support global alliances to safeguard natural resources at local, regional and global levels. The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is the largest of IUCN’s six volunteer commissions. With 8 000 scientists, field researchers, government officials and conservation leaders, the SSC membership is an unmatched source of information about biodiversity conservation. SSC members provide technical and scientific advice to conservation activities throughout the world and to governments, international conventions and conservation organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoodia Gordonii (Masson) Sweet Ex Decne., 1844
    Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne., 1844 Identifiants : 16192/hoogor Association du Potager de mes/nos Rêves (https://lepotager-demesreves.fr) Fiche réalisée par Patrick Le Ménahèze Dernière modification le 02/10/2021 Classification phylogénétique : Clade : Angiospermes ; Clade : Dicotylédones vraies ; Clade : Astéridées ; Clade : Lamiidées ; Ordre : Gentianales ; Famille : Apocynaceae ; Classification/taxinomie traditionnelle : Règne : Plantae ; Sous-règne : Tracheobionta ; Division : Magnoliophyta ; Classe : Magnoliopsida ; Ordre : Gentianales ; Famille : Apocynaceae ; Genre : Hoodia ; Synonymes : Hoodia husabensis Nel, Hoodia langii Oberm. & Letty, Hoodia longispina Plowes, Hoodia pillansii N. E. Br, Hoodia rosea Oberm. & Letty, Hoodia whitsloaneana Dinter ex A. C. White & B. Sloane, Hoodia barklyi Dyer, Hoodia burkei N. E. Br, Hoodia bainii Dyer, Hoodia albispina N. E. Br ; Nom(s) anglais, local(aux) et/ou international(aux) : queen of the Namib, African hats , Bitterghaap, Ghoba, Wilde ghaap ; Rapport de consommation et comestibilité/consommabilité inférée (partie(s) utilisable(s) et usage(s) alimentaire(s) correspondant(s)) : Feuille (tiges0(+x) [nourriture/aliment{{{0(+x) et/ou{{{(dp*) masticatoire~~0(+x)]) comestible0(+x). Détails : Les tiges sont mâchées pour{{{0(+x) rassasier et entrainer la satiété{{{(dp*), par exemple dans le cas de régimes{{{(dp*) ; elles sont consommées fraîches comme un aliment ; elles ont un goût amer{{{0(+x). Les tiges sont mâchées pour réduire le désir de nourriture. Ils sont consommés frais comme aliment. Ils ont un goût amer néant, inconnus ou indéterminés.néant, inconnus ou indéterminés. Illustration(s) (photographie(s) et/ou dessin(s)): Curtis´s Botanical Magazine (vol. 102 [ser. 3, vol. 32]: t. 6228, 1876) [W.H. Fitch], via plantillustrations.org Page 1/2 Autres infos : dont infos de "FOOD PLANTS INTERNATIONAL" : Distribution : Une plante tropicale.
    [Show full text]
  • Apocynaceae of Namibia
    S T R E L I T Z I A 34 The Apocynaceae of Namibia P.V. Bruyns Bolus Herbarium Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 Pretoria 2014 S T R E L I T Z I A This series has replaced Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of the Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens, which the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) inherited from its predecessor organisa- tions. The plant genus Strelitzia occurs naturally in the eastern parts of southern Africa. It comprises three arbores- cent species, known as wild bananas, and two acaulescent species, known as crane flowers or bird-of-paradise flowers. The logo of SANBI is partly based on the striking inflorescence of Strelitzia reginae, a native of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal that has become a garden favourite worldwide. It symbolises the commitment of SANBI to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s excep- tionally rich biodiversity for all people. EDITOR: Alicia Grobler PROOFREADER: Yolande Steenkamp COVER DESIGN & LAYOUT: Elizma Fouché FRONT COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Peter Bruyns BACK COVER PHOTOGRAPHS: Colleen Mannheimer (top) Peter Bruyns (bottom) Citing this publication BRUYNS, P.V. 2014. The Apocynaceae of Namibia. Strelitzia 34. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-98-3 Obtainable from: SANBI Bookshop, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Tel.: +27 12 843 5000 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sanbi.org Printed by: Seriti Printing, Tel.: +27 12 333 9757, Website: www.seritiprinting.co.za Address: Unit 6, 49 Eland Street, Koedoespoort, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Checklist of the Plants of Botswana
    PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE PLANTS OF BOTSWANA PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE PLANTS OF BOTSWANA by Moff at P. Setshogo Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 37 n 2005 Recommended citation format SETSHOGO, M.P. 2005. Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 37. SABONET, Pretoria and Gaborone. Produced by University of Botswana Herbarium Private Bag UB00704 Gaborone Botswana Tel. (267) 355 2602 Fax: (267) 318 5097 Published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) c/o South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa and University of Botswana Herbarium, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone. Printed in 2005 in the Republic of South Africa by Capture Press, Pretoria, (27) 12 349-1802. ISBN 1-919976-18-3 © 2005 SABONET. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the copyright holder. Editor-in-chief: Marthina Mössmer Subeditors: Lidia Gibson, Hanlie van Heerden & Cecilia de Vos Belgraver Text design and layout: Nicola Ellis (27) 82 878 9589 Cover design: Antoinette Burkhardt, Pretoria, South Africa (27) 82 909 0109 Photographs: M.P. Setshogo SABONET website: www.sabonet.org This report is a joint product of the University of Botswana Herbarium and the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) and was made possible through support provided by the Global Environment Facility (GEF)/ United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/World Conservation Union-Regional Office for southern Africa (IUCN ROSA) (Plot no.
    [Show full text]
  • (MASSON) Sweet Ex Decne APOCYNACEAE
    UNIVERSITE TOULOUSE III PAUL SABATIER FACULTE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES ANNEE : 2013 THESE 2013 / TOU3 / 2041 THESE POUR LE DIPLOME D'ETAT DE DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Jean CHRISTAUD Hoodia gordonii (MASSON) Sweet ex Decne APOCYNACEAE DATE DE SOUTENANCE Le 21 Juin 2013 Directeur de thèse : Monsieur Nicolas FABRE JURY Président : Professeur Nicolas FABRE 1er assesseur : Professeur Isabelle FOURASTE 2ème assesseur : Madame Thi HA DANG (Maître de conférence) 3ème assesseur : Docteur Vincent DUBARRY (Pharmacien) A NOTRE JURY Professeur Nicolas FABRE Professeur des Universités Merci de m‟avoir confié ce travail. J‟ai été sensible à votre aide rapide et efficace, votre grande patience et votre gentillesse. Je suis très honoré que vous assuriez la présidence de ce jury. Veuillez trouver ici le témoignage de ma sincère gratitude. Professeur Isabelle FOURASTE Professeur émérite Vous êtes à l‟origine de notre travail. Vos corrections détaillées nous ont beaucoup apporté. Votre participation active en tant que botaniste remarquable nous honore. Professeur Thi HA DANG Maître de Conférence des Universités Nous vous remercions de nous avoir fait l‟honneur d‟accepter de juger notre travail. Professeur durant nos études, nous gardons de vous un excellent souvenir. Docteur Vincent DUBARRY Docteur en Pharmacie, ancien interne des Hôpitaux de Bordeaux Tu m‟as accueilli au sein de ton officine à Bordeaux. Tu es pour moi un des meilleurs exemples de compétence et d‟éthique. J‟ai pu apprécier l‟excellent relationnel que tu crées avec tes patients. J‟aime la façon dont tu exerces ce métier. Merci pour ta présence qui représente beaucoup pour moi.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads Are Attributed to Persons in Africa
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Re-inventing Hoodia: Patent Law, Epistemic Citizenship, and the Making of Difference in South Africa Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z0012rf Author Foster, Laura Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Re-inventing Hoodia: Patent Law, Epistemic Citizenship, and the Making of Difference in South Africa A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Women’s Studies by Laura Ann Foster 2012 © Copyright by Laura Ann Foster 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Re-inventing Hoodia: Patent Law, Epistemic Citizenship, and the Making of Difference in South Africa by Laura Ann Foster Doctor of Philosophy in Women’s Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Sandra Harding, Chair This dissertation examines the patenting of biological materials derived from Indigenous San peoples’ knowledge of Hoodia gordonii in Southern Africa. Contributing to feminist science studies, transnational feminisms, and feminist socio-legal studies, this research asks how differences of gender, race, and indigeneity shape and are shaped by struggles over patent ownership, access and benefit sharing, and commercial bioprospecting. In particular, it conducts an ethnographic account of how Hoodia gordonii circulates and changes meaning through colonial botanical sciences, patent law rules, ethno-pharmaceutical research, and benefit sharing. This produces understandings of how Hoodia gordonii and Indigenous San peoples’ knowledge and identity are-co-produced, while new modes of citizenship are emerging. It argues that Hoodia patent law struggles produce difference and inequality, while engendering potential pathways for Indigenous San economic and political recognition, through two inter-related processes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised Classification of the Apocynaceae S.L
    THE BOTANICAL REVIEW VOL. 66 JANUARY-MARCH2000 NO. 1 A Revised Classification of the Apocynaceae s.l. MARY E. ENDRESS Institute of Systematic Botany University of Zurich 8008 Zurich, Switzerland AND PETER V. BRUYNS Bolus Herbarium University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7700, South Africa I. AbstractYZusammen fassung .............................................. 2 II. Introduction .......................................................... 2 III. Discussion ............................................................ 3 A. Infrafamilial Classification of the Apocynaceae s.str ....................... 3 B. Recognition of the Family Periplocaceae ................................ 8 C. Infrafamilial Classification of the Asclepiadaceae s.str ..................... 15 1. Recognition of the Secamonoideae .................................. 15 2. Relationships within the Asclepiadoideae ............................. 17 D. Coronas within the Apocynaceae s.l.: Homologies and Interpretations ........ 22 IV. Conclusion: The Apocynaceae s.1 .......................................... 27 V. Taxonomic Treatment .................................................. 31 A. Key to the Subfamilies of the Apocynaceae s.1 ............................ 31 1. Rauvolfioideae Kostel ............................................. 32 a. Alstonieae G. Don ............................................. 33 b. Vinceae Duby ................................................. 34 c. Willughbeeae A. DC ............................................ 34 d. Tabernaemontaneae G. Don ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • BCSS Elibrary Bibliography and Browsing List Organiser: Roy Mottram, Whitestone Gardens Sutton, Thirsk, North Yorkshire YO7 2PZ, England, U.K
    BCSS elibrary Bibliography and browsing list Organiser: Roy Mottram, Whitestone Gardens Sutton, Thirsk, North Yorkshire YO7 2PZ, England, U.K. Email: [email protected] Fax: 01845 597035 (UK); 0044 1845 597035 (intl.) Links to external online websites can be accessed free by clicking on the link, without referring back to the BCSS elibrary organiser. All other references are available from the elibrary organiser at the above contact address by signing and returning a Request Form accompanied by a payment of £2 per item for a pdf by email attachment, or £5 for anything larger that needs to be sent on CD by post. You will be required to sign a Declaration, undertaking that copyright regulations will not be breached by making further copies. Requests for other items not listed here can possibly be obtained from the elibrarian if it can be sourced. Abbreviations & definitions: KB kilobyte. MB megabyte = 1000KB pdf: (picture data file). A compressed format suitable for reading on screen or printing out. Powerpoint. A Microsoft format for viewing onscreen or projection. Can be printed. tif: (tagged image file). high resolution 300ppi document. Suitable for publication. Can be printed. Can also be compressed as a .jpg file, or a .png file (10 times compression without loss of quality) if required. Miscellaneous books & papers: Adams, John (1764 or 1767- ) 1785. A short account of the growth and flowering of a variegated American Aloe, from the first appearance of the spire, or stem. Illustrated in an accurate engraving by W. Darton. J. Phillips, George Yard, Lombard Street, London. A hand-coloured, copper-plate engraving; 51.6 × 36.6cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Succulent Plants on Arid Inselbergs.Pdf
    Flora 208 (2013) 321–329 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Flora jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/flora Succulent plants on arid inselbergs Antje Burke EnviroScience, PO Box 90230, Klein Windhoek, Namibia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Succulent plants in arid areas are believed to be often associated with high altitudes, except where Received 6 February 2013 they form the dominant, zonal vegetation such as in the Succulent Karoo Biome of southern Africa. Accepted 17 May 2013 To test this hypothesis the contribution of perennial succulents to inselberg floras was investigated Available online 13 June 2013 ◦ ◦ on twenty-two isolated mountains (inselbergs) at four study sites (Etendeka–Barab: 19 34 S/13 42 E; ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Spitzkoppe: 21 49 S/15 09 E; Namibrand: 25 17 S/15 47 E; and Sperrgebiet: 27 43 S/16 04 E) along Keywords: a nearly 1000 km bioclimatic gradient in the Namib Desert and adjacent areas, from the Succulent Karoo Altitude gradient in the south to the northern Namib, and along altitude gradients. Biogeography Mountains The contribution of succulents to the flora clearly increased with altitude at the two central study sites, thus showing a hump-shaped trend along the bioclimatic gradient. No such correlation was found at the Namib Desert Species pool northern and southern end of the bioclimatic gradient. The surrounding (rocky) lowlands likely resulted Succulent Karoo in a more even distribution of succulents throughout the landscape in the north, while the position in the heartland of the succulent flora in southern Africa at the southern-most site, levelled out potential patterns related to altitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioprospecting the Flora of Southern Africa: Optimising Plant Selections
    Bioprospecting the flora of southern Africa: optimising plant selections Dissertation for Master of Science Errol Douwes 2005 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Biological and Conservation Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa ii Preface The work described in this dissertation was carried out at the Ethnobotany Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Durban and at the School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg from January 2004 to November 2005 under the supervision of Professor TJ. Edwards (School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg) and Dr N. R. Crouch (Ethnobotany Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Durban). These studies, submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, represent the original work of the author and have not been submitted in any form to another university. Use of the work of others has been duly acknowledged in the text. We certify that the above statement is correct Novem:RE. Douwes Professor T.J. Edwards /JIo-~rA ..............................~ ...~ Dr N.R. Crouch iii Acknowledgements Sincere thanks are due to my supervisors Prof. Trevor Edwards and Dr Neil Crouch for their guidance and enthusiasm in helping me undertake this project. Dr Neil Crouch is thanked for financial support provided by way of SANSI (South African National Siodiversity Institute) and the NDDP (Novel Drug Development Platform). Prof. Trevor Edwards and Prof. Dulcie Mulholland are thanked for financial support provided by way of NRF (National Research Foundation) grant-holder bursaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Cactus and Succulent Plants: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
    Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Cactus and Succulent Plants: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC’s Action Plans, Occasional Papers, news magazine (Species), Membership Directory and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation; to date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to Specialist Groups. As a result, the Action Plan Programme has progressed at an accelerated level and the network has grown and matured significantly. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Chicago Zoological Society (CZS] provides significant in-kind and cash support to the SSC, including grants for special projects, editorial and design services, staff secondments and related support services. The mission of CZS is to help people develop a sustainable and harmonious relationship with nature. The Zoo carries out its mission by informing and inspiring 2,000,OOO annual visitors, serving as a refuge for species threatened with extinction, developing scientific approaches to manage species successfully in zoos and the wild, and working with other zoos, agencies, and protected areas around the world to conserve habitats and wildlife. The Council ofAgriculture (CO&, Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC’s Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Re-Inventing Hoodia
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Re-inventing Hoodia: Patent Law, Epistemic Citizenship, and the Making of Difference in South Africa A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Women’s Studies by Laura Ann Foster 2012 © Copyright by Laura Ann Foster 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Re-inventing Hoodia: Patent Law, Epistemic Citizenship, and the Making of Difference in South Africa by Laura Ann Foster Doctor of Philosophy in Women’s Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Sandra Harding, Chair This dissertation examines the patenting of biological materials derived from Indigenous San peoples’ knowledge of Hoodia gordonii in Southern Africa. Contributing to feminist science studies, transnational feminisms, and feminist socio-legal studies, this research asks how differences of gender, race, and indigeneity shape and are shaped by struggles over patent ownership, access and benefit sharing, and commercial bioprospecting. In particular, it conducts an ethnographic account of how Hoodia gordonii circulates and changes meaning through colonial botanical sciences, patent law rules, ethno-pharmaceutical research, and benefit sharing. This produces understandings of how Hoodia gordonii and Indigenous San peoples’ knowledge and identity are-co-produced, while new modes of citizenship are emerging. It argues that Hoodia patent law struggles produce difference and inequality, while engendering potential pathways for Indigenous San economic and political recognition, through two inter-related processes. One is through the oscillation of elastic nature/culture binaries as ii Hoodia (and San identities) are re-invented through various discursive formations. The nature/culture binary is an important conceptual analytic. Feminist scholars have shown how women, people of color, and Indigenous peoples have historically been constructed as closer to nature and thus excluded from culture.
    [Show full text]