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Late Eocene (Pri- Abonian) Elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA

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Late Eocene (Pri- Abonian) Elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA PaleoBios 36:1–31, June 4, 2019 PaleoBios OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY DAVID J. CICIMURRI & JAMES L. KNIGHT (2019). Late Eocene (Pri- abonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA. Cover: Various late Eocene shark and ray teeth from the Dry Branch Formation, Aiken County, South Carolina. Citation: Cicimurri, D.J. and J.L. Knight. 2019. Late Eocene (Priabonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA. PaleoBios, 36. ucmp_paleobios_43964. Late Eocene (Priabonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA DAVID J. CICIMURRI¹* and JAMES L. KNIGHT² ¹South Carolina State Museum, 301 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201 [email protected] [email protected] ²Department of Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina Aiken, 476 University Parkway, Aiken, SC 29801 A survey of the Eocene (Priabonian) Dry Branch Formation exposed in Aiken County, South Carolina, resulted in the collection of thousands of fossil teeth and bone fragments. Two sites located near the city of Aiken proved to be particularly productive, and 24 species of elasmobranchs, 11 osteichthyans, and - threeof daggernose reptiles (oneshark, crocodilian Isogomphodon and twoaikenensis turtles) n. have sp. Cicimurri been identified. and Knight. Herein The we fossils focus are on derived the elasmo from branchthe upper species part of (17 the sharks Dry Branch and seven Formation, rays) that and are the part fossiliferous of the assemblage, strata accumulated which includes within a a new high species energy - nearshoreture was at marine least 22 depositional° C . Elasmobranch environment species that composition was influenced is similar by a river to other system. late Based Eocene on elasmobranchthe vertebrate assemblagesand invertebrate reported fossils from we identified,the Gulf and the Atlantic water depth Coastal was plains, less thanparticularly 40 m, and Georgia, surface and water several tempera of the taxa indicate affinities to the Tethyan region. Keywords: fossil, elasmobranch, Eocene, Dry Branch Formation, South Carolina INTRODUCTION of elasmobranch fossils from the Dry Branch Formation Although Eocene strata within the South Carolina of South Carolina. More than 3,000 shark and ray teeth coastal plain have been extensively mapped and studied were collected from two sites in Aiken County (Fig. 1A), lithologically, only scattered accounts of the elasmo- but only approximately 2,100 of these were complete branch fossils these units contain have been published ( , , , Leriche 1942, White discovery of a new species of daggernose shark described , Müller 1999, ). hereenough as toIsogomphodon be identified toaikenensis genus or species,n. sp. Cicimurri and included and SeveralGibbes reports1848 1850 on theLeidy elasmobranch 1877 species occurring Knight. In addition to the taxonomic discussions about 1956in the Barnwell GroupCicimurri of Georgia, and which Ebersole, includes 2015 the Aiken assemblages to each other, as well as to those have been published ( , Case and Borodin 2000, previouslythe elasmobranchs reported wefrom identified, the Barnwell we compareGroup of Georgia.the two ParmleyClinchfield, and Dry Cicimurri Branch, 2003 and ),Tobacco but such Road fossils Formations, occurring We also present our interpretation of the depositional within equivalent strataCase in South1981 Carolina have been only environment as inferred from the lithostratigraphy, casually mentioned in the literature ( , taphonomic indicators, and paleoecology of the extant , ). Cicimurri and Ebersole ( ) reported a new speciesZullo of ray, et Pseudaeal. 1982- GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT tobatusZullo and undulatus Kite 1985, fromSteele the et Dry al. Branch1986 Formation in representatives of fossil taxa we have identified. 2015 Stratigraphic framework of Myliobatidae . Aiken County, but only briefly noted other coeval species The fossils described herein were all collected from Bonaparte, 1838 the Eocene Dry Branch Formation in Aiken, Aiken County, *authorOur paper for correspondence presents the first comprehensive analysis Citation: Cicimurri, D.J. and J.L. Knight. 2019. Late Eocene (Priabonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA. PaleoBios, 36. ucmp_paleobios_43964. Permalink: Copyright: Published under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-SA) license. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fh2f5n3 LSID urn:lisd:zoobank.org:pub:3F95876E-933FF-48AF-9CF0-A840A333220B 2 PALEOBIOS, VOLUME 36, JUNE 2019 South Carolina ( , Falls and Prowell 2001), in central Aiken County the Dry Branch Forma- A Fallaw and Price 1995 North Carolina tion disconformably overlies kaolinite deposits of the lower-to-middle Eocene Huber Formation (Fig. 1B). South The contact between these two formations has been re- Carolina ported as a sequence boundary, with the base of the Dry Columbia Branch Formation consisting of a lag deposit (Harris et Aiken al. 2002, Schroeder et al. 2002) that formed during the Georgia initial transgression of the Jackson Sea into the region ( , Huddlestun 1993) at the start of the Tejas A4.2 cycle (Harris and Zullo 1991). The Atlantic DryHuddlestun Branch Formation and Hetrick is disconformably 1986 overlain by the Ocean Tobacco Road Formation (Fig. 1B), and these two units Florida have been studied extensively for economically impor- N tant occurrences of kaolinite ( ). The base of the Tobacco Road Formation may be very Gulf of Mexico pebbly, but it is also relativelyBuie easy and to identifySchrader because 1982 of its indurated nature, compared to the unconsolidated 0 240 sands of the Dry Branch Formation. In some areas the Dry Branch Formation is absent and the Tobacco Road Forma- km tion disconformably overlies Huber Formation kaolinite. The Dry Branch Formation extends laterally into central Georgia, and within this region the formation B has been subdivided into three members, including the Age Group South Carlolina Stratigraphy NP Zone Stage ( ). The stratigraphic rela- l l e Tobacco Road Formation tionshipsGriffins Landing between Sand, the members Twiggs Clay, may and not beIrwinton as simple Sand as r w e NP n p Priabonian sub-Huddlestun and superjacent and Hetrick units, 1979 as Huddlestun and Hetrick r p 19/20 a U Dry Branch Formation ) B ( ) observed intertonguing lateral facies changes. t r a Additionally, Huddlestun and Hetrick ( ) and Eversull p ( Bartonian (1986 e n 1979 e and Irwinton sands that were similar to those occurring c e l o 2005) reported clay beds within the Griffins Landing d E d i within Georgia is facilitated by exposures of relatively M Lutetian thickwithin and the fossiliferous Twiggs Clay. sections, Identification but identifying of Eocene and units cor- O’Burg NP (part) Huber Formation (part) relating strata in South Carolina has been hampered by lack of thick exposures, and those that could be exam- Figure 1. A. Outline map of southeastern US coastal states ined are often highly weathered and devoid of fossils showing South Carolina, Aiken County (shaded region), and the ( ). city of Aiken. B. Generalized stratigraphic section of Barnwell Group strata in the Aiken, South Carolina area. The fossilifer- In Aiken County, the Dry Branch Formation is at least ous horizon at the South Aiken Site occurs approximately 2 Huddlestun 1982 m below the base of the Tobacco Road Formation. A and B , ). Abbreviations: NP=calcareous nannoplankton zone, O’burg=Orangeburg. 28 m thick, and Twiggs Clay, Griffins, Landing Sand, and). modified from Cicimurri and Ebersole (2015 InvertebrateIrwinton Sand fossils have may been be identified common within(Mittwede calcareous 1982 Nystrom and Willoughby 1982 Zullo and Kite 1985 South Carolina. The Dry Branch Formation is part of South Carolina, and species include various types of the Barnwell Group, which also includes the subjacent barnacles,sediments benthonicof the Griffins foraminifera, Landing a Sand few echinoderm of Georgia and crustacean remains, and the ostreid Crassostrea gigantis- sima ( ) may be locally abundant (Huddlestun inClinchfield the subsurface Formation of the and western superjacent part of TobaccoAiken County, Road ). Zullo and Kite ( ) reported that Formation. Although the Clinchfield Formation occurs Finch, 1824 and Hetrick 1979 1985 CICIMURRI & KNIGHT—ELASMOBRANCHS FROM THE DRY BRANCH FORMATION, SOUTH CAROLINA, USA 3 been interpreted as representing inner neritic (sands) Landing Sand was excellent, and that C. gigantissima oc- and bay or lagoonal environments (clays), and scour curspreservation in Allendale of invertebrateCounty but not fossils in Aiken within County. the FurtherGriffins structures could represent tidal channels (Huddlestun to the south in Allendale County, strata attributed to the , ). Overall, the formations within the Barnwell Group of South Carolina Formation ( ), whereas in Aiken County, representand Hetrick a transgressive-regressive 1986 Fallaw and Price 1995sequence, with the Griffins Landing Sand disconformably overlie the McBean lower portion of the Dry Branch Formation represent- Huber FormationSteele (et al. 1986 ). Both Zullo and ing a high-energy mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf that KiteGriffins ( Landing) and Steele deposits et al. disconformably ( ) noted occurrences overly the periodically received input from a shoreward source,
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