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ORECTOLOBIFORMES (Carpet Sharks) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 7.0 - 15 Oct. 2019 Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES Carpet Sharks 7 families · 13 genera · 45 species Family PARASCYLLIIDAE Collared Carpet Sharks 2 genera · 8 species Cirrhoscyllium Smith & Radcliffe 1913 cirrus, curl or tendril, referring to barbels on throat; skylion, Greek for dogfish or small shark, probably from skyllo, to tear or mangle Cirrhoscyllium expolitum Smith & Radcliffe 1913 varnished, referring to how the shark’s body, when dry, “glistens as though varnished, owing to the peculiar character of the dermal denticles” Cirrhoscyllium formosanum Teng 1959 -anum, adjectival suffix: referring to distribution off the coast of Formosa (Taiwan) Cirrhoscyllium japonicum Kamohara 1943 Japanese, known only from Mimase, Shikoku, Japan Parascyllium Gill 1862 para-, near, i.e., related to Scylliorhinus (now in Scyliorhinidae); skylion, Greek for dogfish or small shark, probably from skyllo, to tear or mangle Parascyllium collare Ramsay & Ogilby 1888 collar, referring to prominent dark and unspotted collar around gills Parascyllium elongatum Last & Stevens 2008 prolonged, referring to distinctive, elongate body shape Parascyllium ferrugineum McCulloch 1911 rust-colored, referring to dark brown spots on sides and fins Parascyllium sparsimaculatum Goto & Last 2002 sparsi, sparse; maculatum, spotted, referring to relatively larger (and hence fewer) spots than congeners Parascyllium variolatum (Duméril 1853) spotted, referring to white spots that sprinkle body Family BRACHAELURIDAE Blind Sharks Brachaelurus Ogilby 1907 brachys, short, referring to short and stout body; aelurus, cat, i.e., a short catshark Brachaelurus colcloughi Ogilby 1908 in honor of the friend John Colclough, Amateur Fisherman’s Association of Queensland, who collected many specimens for Ogilby Brachaelurus waddi (Bloch & Schneider 1801) meaning unknown, presumably an Australian or Aboriginal name (perhaps based on waddi or waddy, a war club or type of tree) used by John Latham on the painting (now lost) from which it was described Family ORECTOLOBIDAE Wobbegongs 3 genera · 12 species Eucrossorhinus Regan 1908 eu-, very; crosso-, tasseled; rhinos, snout, referring to dense tassel of dermal lobes around the head Eucrossorhinus dasypogon (Bleeker 1867) dasys, hairy; pogon, beard, referring to dense beard-like tassel of dermal lobes fringing the head Orectolobus Bonaparte 1834 orecto-, stretched out; lobus, protuberance, referring to long nasal barbels 2 · ORECTOLOBIFORMES (Carpet Sharks) · The ETYFish Project Orectolobus floridus Last & Chidlow 2008 florid, referring to rich, floral pattern of bands and blotches on dorsal surface Orectolobus halei Whitley 1940 in honor of Herbert M. Hale (1895-1963), Director of the South Australian Museum Orectolobus hutchinsi Last, Chidlow & Compagno 2006 in honor of Western Australian Museum (Perth) fish curator J. Barry Hutchins (b. 1946), who first reported this shark as a new species in 1983 Orectolobus japonicus Regan 1906 Japanese, referring to type locality (but occurring throughout Western North Pacific) Orectolobus leptolineatus Last, Pogonoski & White 2010 leptos, fine or thin; lineatus, lined, referring to thin, vermicular markings on dorsal surface Orectolobus maculatus (Bonnaterre 1788) spotted, referring to large, 0-shaped markings that densely cover dorsal surface Orectolobus ornatus (DeVis 1883) referring to its extremely ornate and variegated color pattern Orectolobus parvimaculatus Last & Chidlow 2008 parvus, little, referring to smaller size compared to similarly spotted O. maculatus Orectolobus reticulatus Last, Pogonoski & White 2008 net-like or netted, referring to characteristic network pattern on dorsal surface Orectolobus wardi Whitley 1939 in honor of actor, naturalist and marine collector Charles Melbourne Ward (1903-1966), who collected type Sutorectus Whitley 1939 suter, cobbler, which is its Australian name; rectus, straight, perhaps referring to its simple, unbranched nasal cirrhi Sutorectus tentaculatus (Peters 1864) tentacule, feeler, i.e., small tentacle; -atus, provided with, referring to warty tubercles on dorsal surface and dorsal fin bases Orectolobus reticulatus, dorsal view, female paratype, 301 mm TL. From: Last, P. R. , J. J. Pogonoski, and W. T. White. 2008. Orectolobus reticulatus sp. nov., a new wobbegong shark (Orectolobiformes: Orectolobidae) from the continental shelf of northwestern Australia. In: Descriptions of new Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper No. 022: 39-47. The ETYFish Project · ORECTOLOBIFORMES (Carpet Sharks) · 3 Family HEMISCYLLIIDAE Bamboo Sharks 2 genera · 17 species Chiloscyllium Müller & Henle 1837 chilo, lip, referring to membranous and broad lower lip; skylion, Greek for dogfish or small shark, probably from skyllo, to tear or mangle Chiloscyllium arabicum Gubanov 1980 referring to distribution in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, between Iran and Arabian Peninsula Chiloscyllium burmense Dingerkus & DeFino 1983 -ensis, suffix denoting place: Burma (Myanmar), type locality Chiloscyllium caeruleopunctatum Pellegrin 1914 caeruleus, sky blue; punctatus, spotted, referring to color pattern of light-blue spots on a gray-brown background Chiloscyllium griseum Müller & Henle 1838 grayish, referring to light gray coloration in spirits (usually light brown in life) Chiloscyllium hasseltii Bleeker 1852 in honor of Dutch physician and biologist Johan Coenraad van Hasselt (1797-1823), who explored the colonial Dutch East Indies with his friend Heinrich Kuhl in 1820 Chiloscyllium indicum (Gmelin 1789) Indian, referring to the Indian Ocean, type locality Chiloscyllium plagiosum (Anonymous [Bennett] 1830) plaga, stripe; -osus, full of, probably referring to its dark bands Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller & Henle 1838 dotted, referring to scattering of small blackish spots on young specimens Hemiscyllium Müller & Henle 1837 hemi-, partial; skylion, Greek for dogfish or small shark (probably from skyllo, to tear or mangle), referring to similarity to Chiloscyllium and/or Scyllium (=Scyliorhinus, now in Scyliorhinidae) Hemiscyllium freycineti (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) in honor of French navigator Louis de Freycinet (1779-1841), who collected type Hemiscyllium galei Allen & Erdmann 2008 in honor of underwater photographer and shark enthusiast Jeffrey Gale, who successfully bid to help conserve this species at a charity auction, and who financially supported Conservation International’s efforts to preserve its habitat Hemiscyllium hallstromi Whitley 1967 in honor of philanthropist Edward Hallstrom (1886-1970), trustee and chairman of Taronga Zoological Park, where holotype and paratype were alive in captivity Hemiscyllium halmahera Allen, Erdmann & Dudgeon 2013 named for Halmahera, Indonesia, type locality Hemiscyllium henryi Allen & Erdmann 2008 in honor of underwater photographer Wolcott Henry, who has generously supported Conservation International’s marine initiatives, including taxonomy of western New Guinea fishes Hemiscyllium michaeli Allen & Dudgeon 2010 in honor of photographer and aquarist Scott W. Michael, who first brought the difference between this species and H. freycineti to the authors’ attention, and for contributing information and photographs to the first author’s research on Indo-Pacific fishes Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Bonnaterre 1788) eyed, referring to conspicuous white-ringed black ocellus on flanks above pectoral fins Orectolobus reticulatus, dorsal view, female paratype, 301 mm TL. From: Last, P. R. , J. J. Pogonoski, and W. T. White. 2008. Orectolobus reticulatus sp. nov., a new wobbegong shark (Orectolobiformes: Orectolobidae) from the continental shelf of northwestern Australia. Hemiscyllium strahani Whitley 1967 In: Descriptions of new Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper No. 022: 39-47. in honor of Australian zoologist Ronald Strahan (1922-2010), director of Taronga Zoological Park, where holotype lived in captivity Hemiscyllium trispeculare Richardson 1843 tri, three; specularis, to look, presumably referring to three “eye” spots on shoulder 4 · ORECTOLOBIFORMES (Carpet Sharks) · The ETYFish Project Family STEGOSTOMATIDAE Zebra Shark Stegostoma Müller & Henle 1837 stego, cover; stoma, mouth, referring to how a “large and thick wreath or rim” conceals upper jaw and mouth opening Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann 1783) striped, referring to zebra-like vertical bars on juveniles [S. tigrinum Forster 1781 is an older available name but S. fasciatum is retained due to prevailing usage] Family GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE Nurse Sharks Ginglymostoma Müller & Henle 1837 ginglymus, hinge; stoma, mouth, presumably referring to how corner of mouth has a hinged appearance Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre 1788) curl, referring to elongated nasal barbels Ginglymostoma unami Moral-Flores, Ramírez-Antonio, Angulo & Pérez-Ponce de León 2015 in honor of UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), for the “vital role it plays in educating the people of México” (translation) Nebrius Rüppell 1837 nebris, Greek for skin of the fawn, referring to rusty-fawn coloration of upper part of body Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831) rust-colored, referring to brown coloration Pseudoginglymostoma Dingerkus 1986 pseudo-, false, i.e., not a true Ginglymostoma, in which type species had been classified Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum (Günther 1867) brevi-, short; caudatum, tail, referring to caudal fin being less than ¼ of total length Family RHINCODONTIDAE Whale Shark Rhincodon Smith 1829 rhinc, presumably a typographical error for rhine, rasp (often translated as rhynchos, snout); odon, teeth, referring to small, slightly curved teeth, “placed in longitudinal rows, and altogether so disposed towards the anterior edges of jaws as to exhibit the resemblance of a rasp or file lying across each” Rhincodon typus Smith 1828 serving as type of genus.
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  • Integrating Multiple Chemical Tracers to Elucidate the Diet and Habitat of Cookiecutter Sharks Aaron B

    Integrating Multiple Chemical Tracers to Elucidate the Diet and Habitat of Cookiecutter Sharks Aaron B

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Integrating multiple chemical tracers to elucidate the diet and habitat of Cookiecutter Sharks Aaron B. Carlisle1*, Elizabeth Andruszkiewicz Allan2,9, Sora L. Kim3, Lauren Meyer4,5, Jesse Port6, Stephen Scherrer7 & John O’Sullivan8 The Cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis) is an ectoparasitic, mesopelagic shark that is known for removing plugs of tissue from larger prey, including teleosts, chondrichthyans, cephalopods, and marine mammals. Although this species is widely distributed throughout the world’s tropical and subtropical oceanic waters, like many deep-water species, it remains very poorly understood due to its mesopelagic distribution. We used a suite of biochemical tracers, including stable isotope analysis (SIA), fatty acid analysis (FAA), and environmental DNA (eDNA), to investigate the trophic ecology of this species in the Central Pacifc around Hawaii. We found that large epipelagic prey constituted a relatively minor part of the overall diet. Surprisingly, small micronektonic and forage species (meso- and epipelagic) are the most important prey group for Cookiecutter sharks across the studied size range (17–43 cm total length), with larger mesopelagic species or species that exhibit diel vertical migration also being important prey. These results were consistent across all the tracer techniques employed. Our results indicate that Cookiecutter sharks play a unique role in pelagic food webs, feeding on prey ranging from the largest apex predators to small, low trophic level species, in particular those that overlap with the depth distribution of the sharks throughout the diel cycle. We also found evidence of a potential shift in diet and/or habitat with size and season.
  • Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997

    Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997

    The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation.