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Franz Kugler, Karl Schnaase, and Gottfried Semper1
Projecting the future in German art historiography of the nineteenth century: Franz Kugler, Karl Schnaase, and Gottfried Semper1 Henrik Karge Figure 1 Franz Kugler, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel at the lectern, 1828. Frankfurt am Main, Goethe-Haus – Freies Deutsches Hochstift. Diathek TU Dresden Hegel’s provocative concept of the end of art – or, more precisely, of the retrospective character of art – has generated much reflection and controversy since the early nineteenth century. Most discussions of art’s end take Hegel’s philosophy as a starting point, but the context in which Hegel developed his theories about art was quite different from that of today. The main source for this famous concept comes from a passage in Heinrich Gustav Hotho’s introduction to Hegel’s Lectures on Aesthetics, which Hotho edited and published in 1835, after Hegel’s death: Art, considered in its highest vocation, is and remains for us a thing of the past. Thereby it has lost for us genuine truth and life, and has instead been transferred into our ideas instead of maintaining its earlier necessity in reality and occupying its higher place.2 1 For the English correction of this article, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Jeanne-Marie Musto. 2 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Hegel’s Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art, trans. T. M. Knox, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975, 11. Original text: ‘In allen diesen Beziehungen ist und bleibt die Kunst nach der Seite ihrer höchsten Bestimmung für uns ein Vergangenes. Damit hat sie für uns auch die echte Wahrheit und Lebendigkeit verloren und ist mehr in unsere Vorstellung verlegt, als daß sie in der Wirklichkeit ihre frühere Notwendigkeit behauptete und ihren höheren Platz einnähme.’ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Werke, xiii: Vorlesungen über die Ästhetik, I, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1986, 25. -
Man Sieht, Die Antike Ist in Italien Schnell in Die Literatur, Sehr Langsam in Die Malerei Eingedrungen
Man sieht, die Antike ist in Italien schnell in die Literatur, sehr langsam in die Malerei eingedrungen. Gottfried Kinkels Forschungen zu „Brautkistenbildern“ von 1876 Henrike Haug In Gottfried Kinkels (1815–1882) Untersuchung zu den Anfängen weltlicher Malerei in Italien auf Möbeln verbinden sich Fachgeschichte, die Erforschung der Bildtradition antiker Mythologien sowie die Suche nach einem „Sozialismus in der Kunstgeschichte“ zu einem unkonventionellen kultur- historischen System.1 Kinkels Text von 1876 gehört zu drei weiteren Arbeiten, die sich mit den gesellschaftlichen Voraussetzungen für die Genese einer profanen Ikonographie in der Frühen Neuzeit auseinandersetzen.2 Dass diese vier Aufsätze thematisch zusammengehören, wird durch den Autor selbst festgelegt, der in seinem Mosaik zur Kunstgeschichte schreibt: Drei dieser Aufsätze haben einen inneren Zusammenhang: sie weisen auf, wie durch die Gerechtigkeitsbilder auf den Rathhäusern, durch die Möbelmalerei in Italien und durch die bemalten Tische Deutschlands zuerst weltliche Gegenstände massenweise in die Kunst eingeführt worden sind. Wer hier vollständig verfahren wollte, müßte freilich auch noch das Auftreten des Socialismus in den Genrebildern des Quinten Matsys, ferner die Tapeten des Mittelalters und die frühesten Glasgemälde, sondern sie zum Schmuck von weltlichen Gebäuden und Privatwohnungen bestimmt waren, durchmustern und zusammenstellen.3 Zugleich macht Kinkel deutlich, dass er innerhalb dieser vier Schriften explizit eine eigene innovative Methode verfolgt: Wenn man -
How to Write Plausibly About Architecture and Architectural History, According to A
How to write plausibly about Architecture and architectural History, according to A. Rosengarten (1809-1893) Stefan Muthesius Figures 1 and 2 Kassel Synagoge by A. Rosengarten (official architect Landesbaumeister August Schuchardt) 1832 – 1839, front, Allgemeine Bauzeitung [Vienna], vol. 5, 1840, 205-0207, plates cccl and cccli. Figure 3 Hamburg Synagoge an den Kohlhfen by A. Rosengarten 1857 – 1859 (reconstruction drawing Saskia Rohde). Figure 4 Wohnhaus [dwelling house] in Hamburg, by A. Rosengarten, Zeitschrift für Bauwesen, vol. lll, Nos. III, IV, Bl. 13. On the whole the career of architect A. Rosengarten must be rated as rather a modest one, but it was certainly also a very unusual one. Apart from Albert, Rosengarten used for first names also Albrecht and Abraham. His initial rise to fame lay with the claim of being the first Jewish architect to design a major synagogue, in Kassel, completed in 1839 (figs. 1 & 2). In Hamburg, where he settled after the great fire of 1842, he kept himself busy with diverse secular commissions, as well as with two relatively modest synagogues in the 1850s (figs. 3 & 4). Very few of his buildings made it into the professional journals of the time. His synagogues were Journal of Art Historiography Number 23 December 2020 Stefan Muthesius How to write plausibly about Architecture and architectural History, according to A. Rosengarten (1809-1893) soon to be vastly outdone in other German towns. Their destruction has contributed further to the architect’s oblivion.1 A new tone in architectural writing Figure 5 Die Architektonische Stylarten ‘The architectonic kinds of styles. A short generally understandable presentation of the characteristic differences of the architectural kinds of styles for the correct use in art and crafts/trades, for architects, painters, sculptors, plasterers, building schools, higher schools of building, building tradesmen, modellers, workers in metal etc. -
Art History at the Art School: Revisiting the Institutional Origins of the Discipline Based on the Case of Nineteenth-Century Greece
Art history at the art school: Revisiting the institutional origins of the discipline based on the case of nineteenth-century Greece Eleonora Vratskidou Scholarly courses at the art school: a blind spot of research The elaboration of a theoretical discourse on art has been a main concern of art academies since their creation in the sixteenth century. This concern was nurtured by the need to regulate artistic production through the establishment of specific norms and values, and, at the same time, it was intricately linked to the promotion of the artist’s status and the legitimization of the artistic profession. The articulation of theoretical discourse in the academies took place mainly in the framework of conferences among peers – by and for an elite of peers – where multiple alternating voices could engage in fruitful debate. However, towards the end of the eighteenth and during the early nineteenth century the plurivocal structure of the conferences was, in many cases, gradually replaced by actual courses offered by a unique professor. Along with practical training, courses of history, archaeology, art history, art theory and aesthetics were systematically incorporated into the academic curricula in the context of larger pedagogical and institutional reforms. This is the period in which Ancient Régime artistic structures were reformed, while new art schools were created, and the academic system of art education expanded in the recently founded nation-states of Europe and the Americas. A series of questions arise from this development. Whereas courses in art theory and aesthetics could be seen as a further pursuing of old concerns, courses in art history were less expected. -
The Art History of Handbooks and Anachronic Icons
Issue No. 4/2020 1842 – The Art History of Handbooks and Anachronic Icons Dan Karlholm, Professor of Art History, Södertörn University, Stockholm Also published in Susanna Pettersson (ed.), Inspiration – Iconic Works. Ateneum Publications Vol. 132. Helsinki: Finnish National Gallery / Ateneum Art Museum, 2020. Transl. Bettina Schultz, 87–96 On 18 October 1842 the Greek temple high above the Bavarian river bed was completed. Floating by on the Danube you can lift your gaze and see what looks like a sparkling white version of the Parthenon temple on the Acropolis in Athens. The aim of Ludwig I of Bavaria in having it built was to create a worthy space for the German spirit, founded on the German- speaking countries’ linguistic community in the wake of the humiliating war against France. Its architect Leo von Klenze (1784–1864), who also designed the Glyptothek and Alte Pinakothek in Munich, wanted to let the outer grandeur of this monument, this Walhalla outside Regensburg, mirror its inner, spiritual greatness1 – Doric temple on the outside, the home of the Old Norse gods by name, and on the inside a memorial dedicated to German intellectuals. Initially, around 170 neoclassical marble busts lined the walls but the number has increased over time and continues to increase.2 A monument, memorial, heathen temple, as well as a kind of deifying museum for dead white Germans. The reason why this ‘hall of fame’ was received with mixed feelings was probably above all aesthetic. Something felt wrong with this pastiche, even for many of those who believed that the Germanic spirit was based on the Greek. -
Franz Kugler
Franz Kugler Review of: Michel Espagne, Bénédicte Savoy, Céline Trautmann-Waller, Franz Theodor Kugler. Deutscher Kunsthistoriker und Berliner Dichter, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 2010, ISBN 978-3-05-004645-7, ix + 251 pp, 35 black/white images. This slim volume brings together recent scholarship on one of the most important cultural figures of the nineteenth century, Franz Kugler (1808-1858), whose principal spheres of activity are indicated by the subtitle, ‘German art historian and Berlin poet’. The essays assembled represent a welcome surge of new interest in Kugler. Although his significance has long been recognized in Germany, the existing literature is surprisingly sparse, dispersed across disciplines and focused studies of particular aspects of his brief but prolific career. Among English-language scholars he remains little known outside the literature on Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897), his most prominent student and collaborator, and highly specialized studies in areas where he made important early contributions, such as medieval manuscripts, architectural history, and Renaissance painting. His texts are mostly unavailable in English, aside from nineteenth-century translations of his immensely popular Geschichte Friedrichs des Grossen (Leipzig, 1840; Life of Frederick the Great, London, 1844 and subsequent editions) and his Handbuch der Geschichte der Malerei von Constantin dem Grossen bis auf die neuere Zeit (Berlin, 1837; Handbook of the History of Painting, London, 1842, and many revised editions to 1911). His Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte (Handbook of Art History, Stuttgart, 1842), arguably the first global survey text, was not translated, although the atlas of illustrations published to accompany it (Stuttgart, 1851-56) appeared with English text in New York in the 1880s. -
Julius Von Schlosser, the Vienna School of the History of Art - Review of a Century of Austrian Scholarship in German1
Julius von Schlosser, The Vienna school of the history of art - review of a century of Austrian scholarship in German1 Translated and edited by Karl Johns Members of the profession are immediately aware of what is meant with the expression ‘Vienna School:’ the center for art historical teaching, closely related to the Austrian ‘école des chartes’, organized by Theodor von Sickel, and today called the ‘II. Kunsthistorisches Institut der Universität Wien’ (‘second department of the history of art in the University of Vienna’) – a designation only ten years old and in no way expressive of chronology or quality, as only those completely ignorant of academic customs might require reminding. Austrian daily newspapers have especially recently published repeated reports that might lead to a complete misunderstanding of the situation. For this reason, and since many specialists are barely aware of the history of this respected ‘school’ which has produced so many distinguished scholars, we offer a brief sketch of its origins and development. It has been almost completely forgotten that it originated in the period of German Romanticism and that its nearly century-old history represents a considerable chapter in the history of German language scholarship and intellectual history in Austria. Josef Daniel Böhm and his Circle Its ‘prehistory’ in fact began with a very remarkable figure of the period before the Revolution of 1848: the medalist Josef Daniel Böhm († 1865), born 1794 in an old German language colony in the eastern Slovak Zips region, and a pupil of the well- known classicistic sculptor Franz Zauner, who is known so well to all Viennese by his equestrian portrait of the Emperor Joseph II that still stands in one of the unscathed beautiful city squares before the former Imperial Library. -
Charles Lock Eastlake and Johann David Passavant’S Contribution to the Professionalization of Art-Historical Study Through Source- Based Research1
‘Substituting an approach to historical evidence for the vagueness of speculation’: Charles Lock Eastlake and Johann David Passavant’s contribution to the professionalization of art-historical study through source- based research1 Susanna Avery-Quash and Corina Meyer Figure 1 Sir Francis Grant, Sir Charles Eastlake, 1853. Pen, ink and wash on paper, 29.3 x 20.3 cm. London: National Gallery, H202. © The National Gallery, London Figure 2 Johann David Passavant, Self-Portrait in a Roman Landscape, 1818. Oil on canvas, 45 x 31.6 cm. Frankfurt am Main: Städel Museum, no. 1585. © Städel Museum – Artothek 1 This article was developed from a paper delivered at the conference, George Scharf and the emergence of the museum professional in nineteenth-century Britain, held at the National Portrait Gallery, London, on 21 April 2015. The authors are grateful to Elizabeth Heath for the invitation to speak at that event and they are indebted to Lorne Campbell, Ute Engel, Susan Foister, Jochen Sander, Marika Spring and Deborah Stein for their insightful comments on an earlier draft of this article. A related publication is: Corina Meyer and Susanna Avery- Quash, ‘“Connecting links in a chain of evidence” – Charles Eastlakes (1793-1865) und Johann David Passavants (1787-1861) quellenbasierter Forschungsansatz’, in Christina Strunck, ed, Kulturelle Transfers zwischen Großbritannien und dem Kontinent, Petersberg: Michael Imhof (forthcoming, 2018). Journal of Art Historiography Number 18 June 2018 Avery-Quash and Meyer ‘Substituting an approach to historical evidence for the vagueness of speculation’ ... Introduction After Sir Charles Eastlake (1793-1865; Fig. 1) was appointed first director of the National Gallery in 1855, he spent the next decade radically transforming the institution from being a treasure house of acknowledged masterpieces into a survey collection which could tell the story of the development of western European painting. -
Carmen Aus Der Au Theodor Fontane Als Kunstkritiker Schriften Der Theodor Fontane Gesellschaft
Carmen Aus der Au Theodor Fontane als Kunstkritiker Schriften der Theodor Fontane Gesellschaft Herausgegeben von der Theodor Fontane Gesellschaft e. V. Wisenschaftlicher Beirat Hugo Aust Helen Chambers Band 11 De Gruyter Carmen Aus der Au Theodor Fontane als Kunstkritiker De Gruyter Die Druckvorstufe dieser Publikation wurde vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung unterstützt. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde von der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich im Herbstsemester 2015 auf Antrag der Promotionskommission Prof. Dr. Sabine Schneider (hauptverantwortliche Betreuungsperson) und Prof. Dr. Tristan Weddigen als Dissertation angenommen. This work was accepted as a PhD thesis by the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Zurich in the fall semester 2015 on the recommendation of the Doctoral Committee: Prof. Dr. Sabine Schneider (chairperson of the committee) and Prof. Dr. Tristan Weddigen. ISBN 978-3-11-051466-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-051609-8 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-051612-8 ISSN 1861-4396 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Einbandabbildung: Porträt von Theodor Fontane, Deutsches Historisches Museum Bildarchiv Satz: Michael Peschke, Berlin Druck: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ♾ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Meinen Eltern Dank Mein herzlicher Dank gilt meiner Doktormutter Prof. Dr. Sabine Schneider. Sie hat mein Interesse für das Werk Theodor Fontanes geweckt und ihre Be- geisterung für Literatur an mich weitergegeben. -
Konzert Und Konkurrenz
ieser Band nimmt jenen doppelten Wettstreit in den Blick, der für die Kunst- wissenschaften (Kunst-, Musik- und Literaturwissenschaft) im 19. Jahrhundert Dtypisch ist: den Wettstreit zwischen den Wissenschaften selbst, der sich aus dem Wett- streit ihrer Künste speist. Die jeweilige Kunstwissenschaft, so die zugrunde liegende Hypothese, bezieht ihre Geltung und ihren Rang aus der allgemeinen Wertschätzung ihrer Bezugskunst. Auf diese Weise geraten die Künste und ihre Wissenschaften in eine Christian Scholl sich wechselseitig verstärkende Konkurrenz, die ihren Ausdruck in zahlreichen Debatten über die jeweilige Leitkunst findet. Sandra Richter Oliver Huck (Hg.) Die interdisziplinär hier versammelten Beiträge erschließen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven die wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Ausdifferenzierungs- und Homo- Konkurrenz und Konzert genisierungsprozesse, in deren Zusammenhang der Wettstreit der Künste und ihrer Konzert und Wissenschaften im 19. Jahrhundert stattfand. Die sie verbindende Fragestellung zielt dabei auf die Grundlagen des Kunstverständnisses sowie auf die Grundlagen des Konkurrenz Selbstverständnisses der Kunstwissenschaften. Es geht nicht zuletzt auch darum, auf- zuzeigen, inwiefern die Prämissen, die zur Begründung der Disziplinen entwickelt wur- Die Künste und den, nach wie vor Gültigkeit beanspruchen – direkt durch ihre disziplinäre Kanonisie- ihre Wissenschaften rung und indirekt selbst durch die gebrochene Wirksamkeit jener wissenschaftlichen Meistererzählungen, die sie hervorgebracht haben. im 19. Jahrhundert Christian Scholl, Sandra Richter, Oliver Huck (Hg.) (Hg.) Huck Oliver Richter, Sandra Scholl, Christian ISBN: 978-3-941875-48-7 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag Göttingen Christian Scholl, Sandra Richter, Oliver Huck (Hg.) Konzert und Konkurrenz This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License 3.0 “by-nd”, allowing you to download, distribute and print the document in a few copies for private or educational use, given that the document stays unchanged and the creator is mentioned. -
Rethinking Hegel's Last Lectures on Aesthetics in and for the 21St Century
Rethinking Hegel’s last lectures on aesthetics in and for the 21st century Francesca Iannelli, Alain Patrick Olivier, Klaus Vieweg To cite this version: Francesca Iannelli, Alain Patrick Olivier, Klaus Vieweg. Rethinking Hegel’s last lectures on aesthetics in and for the 21st century. Studi di estetica, Mimesis Edizioni, 2020, 10.7413/18258646109. hal- 02876063 HAL Id: hal-02876063 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02876063 Submitted on 20 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Studi di estetica, anno XLVIII, IV serie, 1/2020 ISSN 0585-4733, ISSN digitale 1825-8646, DOI 10.7413/18258646109 Francesca Iannelli, Alain Patrick Olivier, Klaus Vieweg Rethinking Hegel’s last lectures on aesthetics in and for the 21st century Abstract This essay aims at evaluating the legacy of Hegel’s aesthetics, in particular of the last course held by Hegel in Berlin on aesthetics or philosophy of art during the winter semester 1828-29, and at highlighting the relevance of the student note- books (Nachschriften) to better contextualize Hegel’s aesthetic framework. Keywords Hegel, Aesthetics, Student notebooks Received: 15/04/2020 Editing by: Serena Massimo © 2020 The Authors. -
SESSIONS Pasted Into the Cistercian Prayerbook of Martinus Boschman All Sessions Will Be Held at the Hilton New York Unless Walter S
Wednesday Sese oblectari in dies: The Meditative Function of the Wierix Prints PROGRAM SESSIONS Pasted into the Cistercian Prayerbook of Martinus Boschman All sessions will be held at the Hilton New York unless Walter S. Melion, Emory University otherwise noted. Miraculous Matter of Neapolitan Baroque Art Helen Hills, University of York Wednesday, February 13 Discussant: Alexander Nagel, Institute of Fine Arts, 9:30 AM–12:00 PM New York University the proof Is in the print: Avant-Garde Approaches to the Historical Materials of photography’s Avant-Garde nordic Modernism at Home and Abroad, 1880–1920 Rendezvous Trianon, 3rd Floor Morgan Suite, 2nd Floor Chairs: Mitra Monir Abbaspour, The Museum of Modern Art; Chairs: Kirsten Jensen, Hudson River Museum; Leslie Anne Lee Ann Daffner, The Museum of Modern Art Anderson, The Graduate Center, City University of New York The Platinum and Palladium Initiative: Tools and Strategies for Krøyer’s Beach: Nordic Modernism and the Reemergence of Denmark, Interdisciplinary Collaboration 1880–1910 Constance McCabe, National Gallery of Art Thor J. Mednick, University of Toledo Tzara’s Mark: The Vintage Photographic Print, Unique Nordic “Genius”: German Patronage of Edvard Munch’s Art and Proliferating Hilde Marie Jamessen Rognerud, Nasjonalmuseet for kunst, Adrian Sudhalter, Dedalus Foundation arkitektur og design, Oslo Failure to Launch: Photography and the Modern American Mural Creating a Finnish National Identity at the 1900 Paris Kara Fiedorek, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University Universal Exposition Margaret Herman, The Graduate Center, City University of “You Have Seen Their Pictures”: Towards a Material History of New New York Deal Photography Stephen Pinson and Erin L.