UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSO PHY
FALL 2012
FRANCES KAMM : M ORAL PHILOSOPHER AND OULD E USEUM IRECTOR Harvard pWrofessor and accid-eBntal phMilosopher examines tDhe ethics of Justice after War at 2 01 2 Roseman Lecture By Ellen Roseman Frances Kamm is a moral philoso - pher who gets deeply involved in the ethical issues she investigates. She sinks into the details of each case and tries to visualize what is going on. Asked to give the Roseman Lecture in Practical Ethics, she picked a hot topic – justice after war. Some of the questions she posed included: What are the victors’ duties? Is it enough to compensate victims of war? Will victors find it easier to go Frances Kamm (left) with Ellen Roseman to war, knowing they have to compensate victims after war? Kamm was testing ideas from a it clear. She knows that philoso -
paper that she had not included phers don’t often praise each Do the victims have a moral right to among the three philosophical other, but dive right in to find retribution? Does it help to set up a essays in her recent book, Ethics the weak points in an argument. truth and reconciliation commission for Enemies: Terror, Torture and War to address abuses? “This is nothing like it was two (Oxford University Press, 2011). days ago,” she said, referring to Can retributive justice lead to rights “It takes me a long time to pro - an earlier version of the paper violations when criminals act in the duce a book. I go back and forth she’d sent to Thomas Hurka, absence of a stable government? over the arguments,” she said in a well-known University of Is social stability a right? Are we an interview before the lecture. Toronto moral philosopher responsible for a political vacuum “I only publish a paper when I’m who couldn’t attend. when we pursue retributive justice? sure it’s right. When I’m not Frances Kamm is Littauer If victors can’t seek retributive justice sure, I give a lecture.” Professor of Philosophy and for victims, is that a reason not to go Before giving a lecture, Kamm Public Policy at Harvard to war? keeps revising her paper to make ...continued on Page 2
We wish to thank the generous donors to the Department of Philosophy, without whom Philosophy News would not be possible. Please see the back page for details on how you can support the Department in endeavours like this one. Despite her skill in getting her Most people think it’s Fconrtianuned cfroems Pa gKe 1 a mm head around complex moral permissible to send arguments, she didn’t plan to University. She spent 24 years the trolley onto a side track make philosophy her career. to kill one person at New York University before “My other great passion is art,” leaving in 2003. instead of five. But their she told me. “I used to paint and “I didn’t apply, but I was on the judgment may change... I sometimes still pick up a pencil comparable list. They do compar - and draw. I own lots of art books isons of their people when Most people think it’s permissible and postcards or ephemera. granting tenure. I had to come and to send the trolley onto a side People say I’m a museum director give a talk. They liked my talk and track to kill one person instead of manqué.” made me an offer. Happily, they five. But their judgment may change in the following case. She gave up on being a painter or gave tenure to the other person. fashion designer as a career for a I didn’t ruin things for him.” Imagine that you are standing simple reason: “I started over- Harvard is a good fit for an ethi - beside a large stranger on a bridge intellectualizing my art.” cist. Kamm also teaches at the over a trolley track. You see a Kennedy School of Government runaway trolley heading down the A self-confessed night owl, Kamm and is a faculty associate at the track toward five people, whom it loves to stay up late and sleep late. will kill upon impact. She often wakes up at 2 p.m. to Edmond J. Safra Center for teach a seminar at 6 p.m. Ethics, whose director Lawrence Before the trolley reaches the five, Lessig is a respected expert in it must pass under the bridge A New Yorker by birth, she still copyright law. where you are standing. You realize spends time at her home in Kamm was a graduate student in that you will save the five if, and Queens, only 10 minutes from philosophy at MIT and studied only if, you push the large LaGuardia Airport. She still goes with Harvard political philosopher stranger off the bridge and onto to museums and eats at all-night Robert Nozick (who died in 2002). the tracks, where the trolley will diners. kill him and grind to a halt before And as a philosopher, she keeps “He influenced me and set me on it reaches the five. my track in doing ethics,” she said trying to explain why some about Nozick. She was also influ - Consequentialists say you should behaviour is repugnant to many enced by Judith Jarvis Thomson, a push the man into the trolley’s people, even if it makes sense in moral philosopher and metaphysi - path to ensure the fewest number a utilitarian way. cian at MIT. of deaths. As in the previous “Kamm meticulously and imagi - example, you would be saving five natively analyzes moral cases in When it comes to ethics, Kamm is people by sacrificing one. a non-consequentialist. This means order to gain insight into our she considers consequences rele - But intuitively, many people don’t fundamental moral concepts and vant, but not the only thing, that think it seems right to use the man principles,” wrote Alex Voorhoeve, as a mere means. He isn’t standing a London School of Economics determines the rightness of an Conversations on action. on a side track in the trolley’s philosopher, in path, but fell into the trolley’s Ethics (2009). The trolley example is often used path only when you pushed him “The tenacity with which she to show the difference between a off a bridge. consequentialist and non-conse - pursues this aim springs from quentialist approach. Kamm has written a lot about the her personal engagement with runaway trolley. In another sce - the issues she investigates – an Imagine that you see a runaway nario, there’s a loop in the side engagement reflected in her trolley heading down a main track track, so that if you diverted the dedication of the second volume where it will hit and kill five trolley away from the five, it of Morality, Mortality (published in people. You can divert the trolley would have rushed around and run 2001) to ‘the love of morality.’” onto a dead-end side track, where into the five from the other side, if it will instead hit and kill one it hadn’t hit the one person and other person. ground to a halt.
2 University of Toronto Our undergraduate From the Chair enrollments Arthur Ripstein continue to grow, and we have made have now completed my first year some small changes as Chair of the Department. to increase the I worried a little bit about the job, intensity of the both because of ’s experience of I Donald Ainslie our majors and remarkable achievements as chair, which made the prospect of following specialists. him daunting, but also because, as I We will now have a understood it, the role of an academ - philosophy under - ic administrator is to provide closure graduate research by making decisions large and small day each term, in about the direction of the depart - which students ment. Philosophy is famously a doing independent discipline without closure – we still study will present spend our time debating many of the their work in same issues that occupied philoso - progress to each phers in Ancient Athens. I was not other. Students quite sure what to expect. In my first enrolled in inde - few weeks as chair, I was largely pendent study occupied with small administrative courses get feedback matters, and discovered that the job from the professor had many of the satisfactions of wash - supervising their ing dishes or shoveling snow – work, but this will provide a further manageable tasks for which clear Ripstein completes first lap measures of progress were possible. opportunity for them to explain their ideas A former chair of another philosophy to their fellow students. returning to the department. We will department warned me that this was begin a search for his successor as largely an illusion, and that I would In the category of things for which Grafstein Chair in Jewish Philosophy soon find that being department chair I am responsible though have very this coming year. was more like being a parent – being little or no control, I have both good news and bad news. The good news The department also has continued responsibile for many matters over to gain support from our alumni and which I have very little control. is that the department’s ranking in the Philosophical Gourmet Report friends. As part of the University’s He was right about that, but, looking “Boundless” new advancement back on the past year, I am delighted continued to rise, moving from 17th in the world to 15th. campaign, matching money is to report that the department has available for scholarship funding for continued to move forward. We have always come out as the international graduate students. We made two outstanding junior strongest department in Canada by a The department has so far established wide margin; it is gratifying to see appointments. Julia Nefsky has one new fellowship, and I expect to already taken up a position in moral our worldwide ranking continue to announce more good news soon. and political philosophy at UTSC, and improve, tying us with Berkeley and placing us ahead of such renowned Arthur Ripstein Franz Huber will be joining the St. George department to teach institutions as Cambridge and Chair, Department of Philosophy, metaphysics and epistemology start - Chicago. Among public universities Faculty of Arts & Science; ing in January. Our hiring will we do even better, ranking seventh overall in the world. Chair, Graduate Department of continue, with the new junior search Philosophy in moral and political philosophy on There is also some disappointing the St. George campus. We will also news: I am sorry to report that renew our senior search in moral or Paul Franks has accepted a senior political philosophy at UTM. offer from Yale, and will not be
To honour Donald Ainslie’s hard work as Chair of the Department of Philosophy from 2003 - 2011, members of the Department have established a fund for The Donald Ainslie Graduate Scholarship in the Department of Philosophy. If you would like to contribute to it, please see the last page.
Department of Philosophy News 3 Notes from their own research at the year as Canadian Friends of Hebrew Undergraduate Philosophy University–Grafstein Post-Doctoral the St. George Conference in April. This was a well- Fellow. Undergraduate attended, genuinely absorbing all-day event, with high quality papers – and We have also been fortunate, this past Department posters depicting well-nigh unde - year, to have Gabrielle Jackson , a pictable philosophical problems – on postdoctoral fellow at the Jackman In 2011-12 a dizzying range of subjects. Humanities Institute, teaching for us the Undergraduate as well. These postdoctoral instruc - Philosophy Next year participation in the tors, with their enthusiasm and fresh programme at the Conference will be expanded to ideas as well as their enormous diver - St. George campus has include all students taking Individual sity of interests and academic continued to go from Studies courses, as the Honours backgrounds, make a powerful con - strength to strength. Seminar will be rolled back into the tribution to the vitality of our Our graduates contin - general Individual Studies pro - undergraduate programme. We are ue to be accepted by top graduate gramme. Congratulations to both lucky to have them – not to mention philosophy programmes across the the organizers, Lauren Bialystock other distinguished visitors such as English-speaking world, as well as (Socrates Project Coordinator) and Todd Dufresne (Lakehead going on to rewarding careers in Charles Repp (moderator of the University) and Chris MacDonald many other areas. Honours Seminar), on a well- (St. Mary's University), who joined deserved success. us last year to teach philosophy and The Socrates Project continues to be Next year Lauren will be moving on psychoanalysis and business ethics a huge success, with ten of our most respectively, and Michael Morgan distinguished and enthusiastic under - to take up a tenure-track position at (University of Indiana), who will be graduates acting as TAs in Philosophy OISE; Charles will be taking over as joining us for the third time next 100; this year several participants Socrates Project Coordinator, and Spring as Grafstein Visiting Professor received teaching evaluations as teaching a wide range of courses on in Jewish Philosophy. strong as any of our graduate TAs. ethics and human nature as well. He (Our TAs, graduate instructors and will be joined on our teaching roster The biggest challenge facing the faculty also continue to receive by three post-doctoral fellows: Undergraduate Programme at this markedly high evaluations by Faculty Hege Finholt and Dominic point is the kind it is nice to have: of Arts and Science standards.) Martin , who will both hold fellow - despite our impressive resources, we ships at the Centre for Ethics, and are forced to turn too many students Students in the Socrates Project and Ariela di Castro , back for a second the Honours Seminar also presented ...continued next page
UTSC Philosophy News In other news, the UTSC Association extensive discussion. I want of Philosophy Students organized a especially to recognize our UTM The biggest news story from UTSC is launch party for their new under - colleague Andrew Sepielli , who that we hired a new graduate Philosophy journal, stepped in as keynote speaker just tenure-track faculty Noumena . They invited three three days before the event, when the member, Julia Nefsky . panelists, Benj Hellie (Philosophy, scheduled keynote speaker let us Julia is completing a UTSC), Andrew Sepielli know that she couldn't make it. PhD in Berkeley, writ - (Philosophy, UTM), and Herbert Thanks, Andrew! ing a dissertation on Kronzucker (Biology, UTSC), who the morality of collec - generated a lively discussion on what Finally, I should note that we are all tive harm. "life" is and various senses in which it looking forward to moving into Her work has one foot might be meaningful, or come to be Philosophy Hall some time early this in Ethics and one in Political meaningful. As noted on the APS web term. With this move, we will have Philosophy: she is interested in the page, the discussion was so engaging our own building, with a departmen - interplay between individuals' actions that the event ran nearly an hour past tal lounge, a departmental seminar and reasons to act, and the collective its scheduled end-time! room, and plenty of space: this will effect of the actions of large numbers top off our separation from of individuals. Julia emerged as the Also, the APS once again organized the Department of Humanities best candidate from a competitive an extremely successful undergradu - two years ago. field of over 250 candidates. In hiring ate conference. This year, we had Phil Kremer her, we at UTSC are rebuilding our guest undergraduate speakers from Chair, Department of Philosophy complement in Ethics and Political Harvard, Reed, Oxford and University of Toronto Scarborough Philosophy. Waterloo, with comments delivered by UTSC undergrads, followed by
4 University of Toronto UTM Philosophy UTM Philosophy hosted a number of News academic events, 2011-12 was a busy and important including talks in the year for UTM Philosophy. Perhaps UTM Seminar Series the most significant event was the by Doug Lavin external review of the department, (Harvard) and Stephen its first ever. The UTM Philosophy Houlgate (Warwick), faculty was praised for the quality of and it is set to host a its teaching and research, with the full slate of academic reviewers noting, amongst publicly events in 2012-2013, supported institutions of comparable including two exciting size and student demographics in new series of talks: both Canada and abroad, that they the Graduate Student “can think of none that offer students Speaker Series, and the a better faculty and quality of instruc - Philosophy Alumni tion”. UTM Philosophy was also Speaker Series. The Philosophy Academic praised for the quality of its under - Ben Whipps and Ammir Gill graduate programs, which were Society was also active, called “exemplary” and “first-rate”. hosting a talk by Russ- The UTM students were praised for Shafer Landau congratulates him on his Post- their enthusiasm and engagement. (Wisconsin-Madison), a movie night, Doctoral Fellowship at the National a Halloween party, and other Institutes of Health. fun events. Gurpreet Rattan In late spring UTM Philosophy host - Interim Chair, Department of Philosophy ed its annual Graduation Party at University of Toronto at Mississauga which it presents its annual prizes. The Erindale Prize in Philosophy for academic achievement was presented to Vana Persad . The Gombay Prize St. George continued from Page 4 in Philosophy for academic achieve - ment and contribution to the away. Last year enrolments in intellectual life of the department Philosophy courses increased by was presented to co-recipients almost 6%; but they could have gone and . much higher, as long waiting lists Ammir Gill Ben Whipps remained for a number of courses. Finally, UTM faculty received a num - Our smaller courses aimed at majors ber of honours and achieved some and specialists are almost invariably noteworthy successes. Diana packed. Raffman had her book Unruly Words: A Study of Vague Language accepted for The number of students enrolled in Philosophy programmes also Vana Persad and Gurpreet Rattan publication by Oxford University Press; and increased last year, with a drop in Jennifer Nagel Sergio the number of Specialists (a Faculty- Tenenbaum took up fellowships in The external review also offered Jerusalem and Oxford; wide phenomenon, apparently) Mohan offset by an increased number of some valuable suggestions for Matthen was a Professorial Fellow at improvement for the department. the Institute of Philosophy in London; Majors, with a boom in Philosophy Many of these suggestions made their and Minors and increased enrolments in Jennifer, Sergio Marleen all Bioethics programmes. way into the 2012-2017 Academic Rozemond received SSHRC Insight Plan for the department, and some Grants; Jonathan Weisberg received At a time when traditional humani - are to be implemented this coming tenure; Ulrich Schloesser success - ties education seems to be under year. These include offering more fully completed his Third Year Review; siege in much of the world, it is nice courses at the fourth-year level (from Bernard Katz was appointed Acting to know that here at U of T St. two to three this year and eventually Vice-Dean, Graduate at UTM; and George, the supply of Philosophy has to four), and more courses with tuto - Amy Mullin continued to serve to struggle to keep up with demand. rials (from two courses to six UTM as its Vice-Principal Academic Rachel Barney courses). The department has also and Dean. The department also thanks begun a comprehensive reform of its Associate Chair, Undergraduate Studies Luke Gelinas for his contributions to (St. George) programs and curriculum. UTM Philosophy this year, and
Department of Philosophy News 5 Notes from the In September we will welcome an Although the job market saw no extremely strong group of 9 new MA improvement over last year, our Graduate students and 12 new PhD students graduates achieved one of the top Department who come to us from leading philos - placement records in the profession. ophy programs at Oxford, Chicago, (A report from Duke University now The 2011-12 academ - UBC, Dalhousie, McGill, Western ranks the U of T as #2 in the world ic year was a highly Ontario, and the U of T, among oth - for ultimate tenure-track placements successful one for our ers. Their research interests include in Philosophy.) Sorin Bangu graduate students. areas as diverse as (e.g.) cognitive sci - accepted a tenured position as Six dissertations were ence, philosophy of economics, Associate Professor at the University completed and suc - Marxism, and medieval philosophy. of Bergen, and Matt Fulkerson , cessfully defended, Two of them have won 5-year Emily Fletcher , and Lauren and our students pre - Connaught Fellowships from the Bialystock accepted tenure-track sented their work at such prestigious U of T, and two have been awarded assistant professorships at UC San venues as the Arizona Center for 3-year doctoral Canada Graduate Diego, University of Wisconsin- Consciousness Studies, the Princeton- Scholarships from the Social Sciences Madison, and OISE, respectively. Columbia Graduate Conference in and Humanities Research Council of Katharine Browne , Luke History of Philosophy, the Yale Canada (SSHRC); two have won Gelinas , Nicholas Riegel , Paula Graduate Conference in Philosophy, U of T Avie Bennett scholarships Schwebel , Eran Tal , and Doil Kim the CPA, and the APA. worth $10,000 each, and one has will be postdoctoral fellows for 1, 2, In April we held our 12th Annual received an Ontario Graduate or 3 years at the University of Oslo, Graduate Philosophy Conference on Scholarship worth $ 15,000. With the the National Institutes of Health the theme Varieties of Possibility . addition of these new awards, in (NIH), the Universidad di Brasilia, The keynote speaker was Timothy 2012- 13 our ranks will include three the University of Antwerp, Bielefeld Williamson, the Wykeham Professor Connaught fellows, eight SSHRC University, and Seoul National of Logic at Oxford University. fellows, and nine OGS winners. University respectively. Janette Our students did a superb job of In addition, our 5th year PhD student Dinishak will be a Visiting Professor responding both to Williamson’s Ariel Zylberman , who just com - at UC Santa Cruz, Boyd Millar at demanding paper and to fine papers pleted a prestigious 3-year Vanier SUNY-Buffalo, and Carolyn by student speakers from Oxford, Scholarship from SSHRC, has won Richardson at Holy Cross; Rutgers, Berkeley, and Yale. a Chancellor Jackman Graduate Charles Repp will be a Lecturer at Discussion was lively and, as usual, Fellowship at the Jackman the U of T on the St. George campus. our graduate students provided the Humanities Institute. This fellowship We are proud of them all!! best possible advertisement for our will provide Ariel with the coming Diana Raffman graduate programs. year to complete and defend his Associate Chair, Graduate Studies dissertation free of TA and other instructional duties.
Keynote speaker Prof. Timothy Williamson (2nd row, 3rd from the right) with some of the participants of the 2 01 2 Grad Conference.
6 University of Toronto ALUMNI NEWS William H.F. Altman (MA 1978), a high school Latin Samantha Thompson (PhD, 2010) was the winner of teacher in Lynchburg, Virginia, has informed us his book, the 2010 Dissertation Essay Contest sponsored by the The German Stranger: Leo Strauss and National Socialism , was Philosophy Education Society, the publisher of The Review published by Lexington Books in 2011. Two more books of Metaphysics . Samantha’s submission, “What Goodness will be published, also by Lexington, in 2012: Plato the Is: Order as Imitation of Unity in Augustine,” a chapter in Teacher: The Crisis of the Republic and Martin Heidegger and her dissertation Augustine on Suffering and Order: Punishment the First World War: Being and Time as Funeral Oration . in Context , appeared in the March 2012 issue (65:3) of The Review of Metaphysics . K. Brad Wray o
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University Press o t o published his h P book, Kuhn’s Philosophy Alumni offered their advice and insights to Evolutionary Social rd th K. Brad Wray Epistemology , our 3 and 4 year students again this year in February. in late 2011. This year’s panelists were Annette Colavita (BA, 1995; B.Ed 1997), Vice Principal, Toronto District Nathan Morlando (BA School Board; Joanna Birenbaum (BA, 1992; LLM, 1992) wrote and directed 1995), Director of Litigation, Women’s Legal Education the 2011 TIFF (Toronto and Action Fund; and David Danylewich (BA, 1993; International Film Festival) M.A, 2004), Senior Director, Right to Play Best Canadian First Feature Film , “Edwin Boyd: International, pictured here with Arthur Ripstein. Citizen Gangster.” ACLS Awards J. Paul Redda m’s Our alumni received three of the four research fellowships (MA 1998) horse I’ll Have given to philosophers in 2012 by the American Council Another won the Kentucky of Learned Societies : Derby at Churchill Downs, Louisville, Kentucky on May 5, Katherine Thomson-Jones (PhD, 2003), Assistant Professor and the Preakness Stakes at at Oberlin, for her project, “The Philosophy of Digital Art”; Pimlico Race Track in Shelley Weinberg (PhD, 2008), Assistant Professor at University Baltimore, Maryland on May 19. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, for “Whereby I Am My Self to Tendonitis prevented I’ll Have Another from competing in My Self: A New Reading of Consciousness in Locke”; and the Belmont Stakes which, if won, would have brought the Stephen Yablo (BSc, 1979), Professor at MIT, for Triple Crown. “Aboutness: A Theory of Subject Matter, with Applications.” Another Fellowship YOU CAN HELP! Made Possible by You can help secure another fellowship. Alumnus Sidney Robinson The program provides matching funds in units of $50,000, Sidney Robinson (BA 1961, MA 1962, LL.B 1966) and a friend of the department has already pledged $25,000. has generously endowed another graduate scholarship in If we can raise another $25,000, we can secure another match. Ancient Philosophy. Pledges must be made by December 31, 2012, and paid in full With a Match of $50,000 from a new matching fund by December 31, 2013. Every little bit helps. announced by the Provost, the gift will enable the For more information, contact Arthur Ripstein at Department to attract top international graduate students. [email protected]
Department of Philosophy News 7 New Faculty
Julia Nefsky Franz Huber begins his tenure-track was hired as appointment as assistant professor in Metaphysics an assistant professor and Epistemology at the downtown campus at UTSC specializing in January 2013. Besides M&E Franz also in Moral and Political specializes in Philosophy of Science, Logic, Philosophy. and Philosophy of Language.
IN MEMORIAM The Catholic Tradition (1998) is Tom’s actual appropriation Thomas Langan of a tradition within which he has been immersed. Here, March 20, 1929 – May 25, 2012. he explores “what is involved in trying to wrap one’s In 1973, a fellow undergraduate Philosophy Specialist mind around thirty-five hundred years of history.” It is a invited me to join him in a seminar conducted by Thomas book that philosopher and Review of Metaphysics editor Langan – “an outstanding Professor like no other.” That Jude Dougherty calls a “veritable treasure.” That deep class – moving between the thought of Marshall interest in the Catholic tradition inspired him and his McLuhan, Bucky Fuller, Kant and Hegel—was the begin - wife Janine (an exceptional thinker in her own right) ning of a relationship that defined Tom as my revered to establish the “Christianity and Culture Program” at Professor, esteemed colleague, and lifelong friend. St. Michael’s College. His interests ranged from Continental Philosophy to Then, way ahead of his time, he published Surviving the Catholicism to Philosophy of History. Completing his Age of Virtual Reality (2000), describing a world system Ph.D. at the Institut Catholique de Paris, he joined our that is “so new and powerful” as to be “unprecedented, Department in 1967. As a Fulbright Research Professor and hence unpredictable.” With the editorial assistance of at the Albert Ludwigs-Universitaet, he had met and Antonio Calcagno, his last volume, published in 2009, worked with Martin Heidegger himself. I still recom - presents final thoughts on Human Being: A Philosophical mend Tom’s book The Meaning of Heidegger to my students Anthropology . as one of the best, most honest introductions to And I cannot help but add that he worked for some years Heidegger’s work. with my father in his architectural/planning firm, on the Tom had many publications to his name, including two UNCHS award-winning Construyamos project that provid - modern philosophy books co-authored with the ed self-help housing to the poor in Colombia. Tom was renowned Catholic philosopher, Etienne Gilson. His no ordinary philosopher. books on Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty cemented his With Tom’s passing, the Department of Philosophy has lost reputation in Continental thought. a unique phenomenologist, philosopher of history, impas - But I know that he will have said that his most important sioned teacher, renowned author and esteemed colleague. work occurred in his later years, with the publication of And most importantly, many of us have lost a dear friend. a set of volumes, detailing his own philosophy of history. – by Ingrid Stefanovic The series begins with Tradition and Authenticity in the Search for Ecumenic Wisdom (1992). “We should not forget that traditions hand us concrete possibility,” he writes. James Patrick Reilly, Jr. “All genuine creativity, all worthwhile opening of the Professor James P. Reilly, Jr. (MA, 1949, PhD, 1951), future…is rooted in the best the past has to offer, even passed away peacefully June 17, 2012. Jim was born in when the new corrects the old.” Glasgow, Scotland in 1921; at the start of the war he Being and Truth (1996) continues to lay the groundwork joined the U.S. Marines and served in the Pacific. for a philosophy of history that respects phenomenolo - Afterwards he completed three degrees and a licentiate. gy’s interpretive moment, while never sacrificing the He was a member of the Philosophy Department and quest for objectivity of formal truth. Concerned that the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies from 1976 “postmodernist intellectuals” have come to treat “large until his retirement in 1989. In addition Jim was an claims of the great traditions as subjectivist twaddle,” Editor at the Leonine Commission which was charged he urges instead “peaceful but honest discourse” about with the publication of Thomas Aquinas’ Commentary on ontological questions and an epistemology “beyond the Metaphysics of Aristotle . subjectivism and objectivism.”
8 University of Toronto Apart from RETIREME NT work on Rousseau and Lynda Lange other works of feminist The Philosophy Department at UTSC is not critique, her altogether happy to mark the retirement of interests have Professor Lynda Lange. She will be missed as a had two basic colleague and her departure leaves a big gap in strands. One our program (to be partially filled by our new hire is postcolonial Julia Nefsky). studies in phi - Lynda has taught at UTSC for more than losophy, for 23 years since coming here in 1989, but her which a course association with the University of Toronto goes was created at back much further. Lynda was born in Winnipeg, UTSC and late as could be in the lives of her parents, both of taught by her whom, incredible as it may seem, were actually from 1997 part of the pioneer movement to the west before onward. the first world war. The other strand has After taking a B.A. and M.A. at the University of been feminist theory, with interests most recently Manitoba, Lynda moved to Toronto with her three in global gender justice. year old daughter Karen to further study philoso - phy in 1973. She was the first single mother to Lynda currently lives in Toronto with her husband enter the doctoral program. Since it was the Dan Proudfoot, an automotive journalist, near the 1970s and academic feminism was at a nascent bottom of Rouge Park overlooking Lake Ontario. stage, she accomplished several other firsts. We all join in wishing Lynda the happiest of retire - Her dissertation on the thought of Jean-Jacques ments and further success in all her endeavours, Rousseau was the first feminist thesis in the philosophical and otherwise. Department of Philosophy. While a graduate student, she taught the first feminist philosophy course at U of T in 1976, the same year that her Promotions article ‘Reproduction in Democratic Theory’ was published. With Lorenne Clark she co-edited The & Appointments Sexism of Social and Political Theory (University Robert Gibbs has been reappointed of Toronto Press), the first volume of feminist Director of the Jackman Humanities Institute critique of the traditions of political philosophy, for 2012-2017. He has also been appointed which appeared in 1979. a member of the Governing Council of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Finishing her PhD in 1980, Lynda entered the Council of Canada. desperately meager job market in philosophy in the 1980s, a market especially weak in the areas Bernard Katz has been of her particular interests. Thus she spent the appointed Acting Vice-Dean, 1980s mostly on research grants, in Alberta and Graduate at UTM. the Northwest Territories, until Philosophy at the University of Toronto Scarborough advertised a job Philip Kremer was promoted in ‘feminist philosophy’, the first Canadian to Full Professor. university to do so. Katz Jonathan Weisberg received tenure and was promoted to Associate Professor.
Department of Philosophy News 9 Faculty Awards
Joseph Heath received the Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation’s Trudeau Fellowship in recogni - MThe OSprinRg oEf 2 01H2 wOas aN seaOUson RS FOR H ACK ING of honours for University tion of his contributions to critical Professor Emeritus Ian Hacking : social theory. • On April 17, 2012, the Mohan Matthen was elected a President of Austria inducted Fellow of the Royal Society of Ian Hacking to the Öster- Canada . Mohan has also received reichisches Ehrenzeichen für funding through the Jackman Wissenschaft und Kunst Humanities Institute Program (Austrian Decoration of Honour for Science and Arts) for the Arts for a conference of which there are 72 living to be held in February 2013 on Arthur Ripstein with Ian Hacking, who is wearing his “Thinking about Dinner: The New members. There are at most Austrian Decoration of Honour for Science and Art 18 foreign members in the Culture of Eating and Dining.” (The Science section, which Ian has now joined. 2012-2013 theme at the Jackman • In February and March Ian gave the Gaos lectures at the National Humanities Institute is Food.) Autonomous University of Mexico on the theme ‘The Mathematical Arthur Ripstein received the Animal: Philosophical Thoughts about Mathematics as a Human Activity.’ 2012 University of Toronto • On March 17, the Wall Street Journal published an article by Asti Alumni Association Faculty Hustvedt on the Five Best Books on Hysteria, of which Ian Hacking’s Award for consistently demon - Mad Travelers (1998) was one. strating excellence in both teaching • He received an honourary doctorate of letters from Carleton and research. Besides having an University in June. international reputation as a leader • And his paper “What Makes Mathematics Mathematics ,” was in political and legal philosophy, included in Best Writing on Mathematics 2011 , Mircea Pitici (editor), Arthur has shown his devotion to Princeton University Press, 2012. his students and to the University. Undergraduate Student Awards
Trevor Teitel , (4th year Philosophy specialist) received a University of ethica SCHOLARSHIP Toronto Excellence Award in the Daniel Adler was the final Social Sciences and Humanities to recipient of the ethica scholar - enable him to conduct research on ship. Daniel completed his Semantic Aspects of Aristotle’s Ethics Honours BA in Bioethics and under the supervision of Professor Peace & Conflict Studies this Brad Inwood this summer. June, and begins studying for Richard Wu (4th year Philosophy an MSc in philosophy with specialist) has received a a specialization in ethics at the Jackman University of Edinburgh in Humanities Institute September – an endeavour Undergraduate Fellowship . both inspired and made possible by this scholarship. He will participate in weekly lunch seminars with the JHI Fellows while The bioethics scholarship was set up by ethica Clinical Research Inc he works under the guidance of in 2007 to be awarded for five years to honour Barry F. Brown (MA 1963, PhD 1966), professor emeritus and founder of the under - Professor Frances Garrett (Religion) graduate bioethics program at the U of T and St. Michael’s College. on his year-long project, Barry is also the Chair of ethica ’s Ethics Review Committee. “Consuming Food – Consuming The department and the scholarship winners have been grateful to Information.” ethica and its President, Janice Parente , for setting up this scholarship.
10 University of Toronto RESEARCH NOTES This past year, as every year, we’ve had a number MARK KINGWELL’S JHI of faculty on research leaves or fellowships. Some brief notes follow on the research RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP a s
The research project I proposed for the u o S
some of them have accomplished. e
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was intended to probe the question of v e t S
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JOSEPH HEATH’S SSHRC o
the shifting terrain of third-millennium t o h
politics. That is, how can cities, in partic - P RESEARCH TIME STIPEND ular ‘gateway’ or ‘arrival’ cities, such as One of the reasons that climate change is such a difficult Toronto, with a net majority of citizens problem to resolve is that the people who are being asked born in other countries, negotiate the to shoulder the major costs of carbon political demands of difference and competition? What abatement (all of us alive today) are not the sorts of theoretical mechanisms and policy levers will be ones who will receive the major benefits adequate to the challenges of, for example, debates over (those who will be alive a century from the clothing associated with religious belief? Relating to the now). The standard response of govern - 2011-12 research theme – “Location/Dislocation” – ment planners, when dealing with choices I called this project “Dislocations of Democracy.” that have a significant temporal dimension, is to discount the stream of future benefits, The Jackman year allowed me to make substantial progress so that their present value is steadily in background study for my anticipated monograph on reduced the further removed they are from us in time. postmodern arrival-city democracy, using the time of the The problem is that the rates at which governments usually fellowship for some much needed dedicated reading discount future benefits, for things like infrastructure proj - (Tocqueville, Fukuyama, Ranciere). More concretely, ects, produce extremely controversial results when applied I published, or have forthcoming, a series of papers that to a longer-term problem like climate change. address various aspects of the “dislocations” theme. The most significant of them will be included in my new essay It is generally acknowledged that, in the past, these collection Unruly Voices: Essays on Democracy, Civility, and the discount rates have been chosen in an ad hoc way – in part Human Imagination , which will appear in September 2012. because a difference of one or two per cent wasn’t that I also gave presentations and keynotes to various groups, important when applied to a problem on a timescale of 10 both scholarly and in the public realm, test-flying various or 20 years. When you start discounting on a timescale of ideas – especially about legitimacy, gift economies, and 100 years, however, small differences suddenly start to public space – that will appear eventually in printed form. make a very large difference. Thus the problem of climate The presentation I gave to the other JHI fellows in the change led to a renewed search for a more principled basis research cluster (we met weekly for lunches and talks) for the choice of social discount rate. will appear later this year in an edited volume. My current research project, funded by the SSHRC The other fellows were stimulating company, both at these Strategic Grants Program on Environmental Sustainability, lunches and elsewhere. Drawn from a variety of disciplines attempts to contribute to this search. There are two major (English, geography, philosophy) and using different arguments that I have been developing. The first involves notions of location (architectural, historical, phenomeno - tackling the “non-reciprocity problem” that is thought to logical), they created the best kind of interdisciplinary afflict contractualist theories. Briefly, this is the view that environment for someone interested in bringing philoso - social contract theory licenses no obligations toward future phy into contact with other discourses, and indeed with generations, because we are unable to enter into coopera - the lived experience of a city. Every week brought some tive interactions with them. I have been trying to show that new insight or question that has stayed with me. this is only true if one adopts an overly simplistic concep - tion of reciprocity. My second ambition is to prise The year also offered unexpected gifts. One of the under - consequentialists off of the view that the only morally graduate fellows oganized several ‘urban geography’ walks, acceptable social discount rate is zero. The problem with the first of which, with my friend Shawn Micallef, traced adopting a rate of zero is that it expands the circle of moral Dupont Street from St. George to Lansdowne. concern to include an infinite number of potential people, which makes it impossible to do cost-benefit calculations in see KINGWELL a wide range of different scenarios. on Page 15
Department of Philosophy News 11 RESEARCH NOTES MOHAN MATTHEN MARGIE MORRISON ON HIS SABBATICAL ON HER SABBATICAL I spent almost half of this sabbatical year Some of my earlier work dealt with the away from Toronto, finding out about new question of how abstract mathematical (to me) academic environments. The models in fields like physics and biology Institute of Philosophy in London gener - can deliver concrete information about ously gave me a fellowship for three the systems they purport to describe. months; my only duty was to hang out and The question is philosophically perplexing do my own work. They gave me a flat and a because models typically involve idealized desk in a shared office. The two being only descriptions that bear little relation to the a couple of blocks apart, it was a very empirical world. Most recently the focus pleasant sojourn, in addition to being intellectually reward - of that research has extended to an investigation of the ing. Then the University of Bielefeld in Germany gave me a representational aspects of computer simulation and an similar fellowship for two months, and this gave me a evaluation of the data provided by simulation. chance not only to work in their excellent (and very acces - sible and convenient) library, but also to learn about The epistemic status of computer simulation as a tool for philosophy, especially philosophy of science, in Germany. knowledge production is interesting not only in its resem - Here’s what I can report: the analytic tradition in philoso - blance to mathematical modeling, but also because of its role phy of mind and philosophy of science is thriving in Europe, in experimentation. In some areas of physics where data are and in certain large areas (such as philosophy of perception) sparse or difficult to collect, simulation data are interpreted there is more excitement in Europe than in North America. as “computer measurements” or they are combined with Europe’s back, and it has been very good to make a lot of experimental data (via a method known as data analysis) to new contacts and learn a lot about the subject. provide input parameters for theoretical models. During this year, I have been working on three big projects. The question that arises is how we should interpret these I am editing the Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of data: are they simply another form of calculation of the type Perception performed with mathematical models or are they compara - , a collection of overview essays that will (I hope) ble to experimental measurements? The question is have a transformative influence on this new sub-area. This important because simulation is playing an increasingly cen - has been arduous: there are 46 entries amounting to some - tral and necessary role in scientific investigation, not only in thing like 400,000 words (or 1000 pages in print). I am the field of climate modeling but also in experiments per - certainly learning a lot by reading these entries closely. formed at the Large Hadron Colider at CERN (European Secondly, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland). Council of Canada awarded me a Partnership Development My research aims at providing some answers to these Grant to establish (what we now call) the Network for questions with an eye to determining when and under Sensory Research, a collaborative venture involving the what conditions simulated data can be understood as a University of Toronto alongside London, Glasgow, Harvard, form of experimental measurement. The methodological and MIT. We are establishing inter-disciplinary connections practices associated with computer simulation, especially (mostly with psychologists) to discuss issues concerning the features associated with verification and validation of perception. We are also networking our graduate students, computational models, raise a host of issues not only about so that they can have access to a much larger field of the status of simulation but also more general epistemic and expertise than in any one of our institutions. ontological questions about the nature of data and the Finally, my own work! I am developing a notion of percep - changing face of experimental practices in many sciences. tually exploring the world—an active process by which we By engaging with these kinds of issues philosophy of science humans interrogate the world by using our senses to answer can engage with scientific practice in mutually beneficial questions about the objects that we come in contact with. and informative ways. It turns out that this notion has a lot of theoretically inter - esting potential. It throws new light on empirical UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO - DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY knowledge, the division of the senses, the nature of our models of the world. One of the great things about a sab - PHIL OSOPHY NEWS batical is that one can “blue sky” ideas like this. Once one is www.philosophy.utoronto.ca back to the routine of normal teaching, one can hunker down and work them out in a more disciplined and scholar - Editor: Anita Di Giacomo ly way. It does one good to feel free and unconstrained one Design: Alvin Ng/Dragon Snap Design year in every seven.
12 University of Toronto RESEARCH NOTES to create a JENNIFER NAGE L very intense work environ - ON HER SABBATICAL ment, all the I spent the year working on a monograph integrating recent “foreigners” empirical work on mental state ascription with recent but one lived philosophical work on the nature of knowledge and belief. in the same At any given time my desk was swamped with articles on building. social interactions between nonhuman primates, implicit false belief recognition in nine-month-old babies, cross- After this very linguistic work on the universality of verbs meaning ‘know’ busy time in and ‘think’, and philosophical papers on the abstract rela - Jerusalem, tionships between knowledge, modality, chance and degree I spent my of confidence. I encountered many interesting facts along next semester the way, including, for example, the fact that Edmund at an expan - Gettier was not the first person to concoct scenarios sive office in involving justified true belief falling short of knowledge: the beautiful the classical Indian epistemologist Dharmottara beat him grounds of to this by 1200 years. Magdalen Sergio Tenenbaum punting in Oxford with College at Jennifer Nagel and their son Alex I spent the fall semester in Jerusalem, at the Institute for Oxford, Advanced Studies, where I participated in a research group many yards away from the nearest philosopher. A Visiting on “Practical and Theoretical Rationality” (is there any part Fellow at Magdalen has no obligations, except perhaps to take of philosophy that wouldn’t be handled by such a group?). his or her children punting (the college owns some nicely Discussions in Jerusalem were vigorous, frank, and often coloured punts) and to climb to the top of the magnificent interrupted by cell phone calls. I spent the next seven Magdalen Tower with them. Although I missed the social months in the ivory towers of All Souls College in Oxford, charm and intellectual stimulation of being always surround - where I did not hear a cell phone ring, even once, and ed by bright and nice philosophers, quiet time can be conversations were very hushed during afternoon tea. The invaluable when one is trying to get writing done. much quieter environment of All Souls still provided very useful intellectual stimulation, much of it interdisciplinary Perhaps it’s also worth mentioning that Jerusalem and in character: I had the pleasure of many conversations with Oxford are two of the most beautiful cities I’ve ever been to. historians, psychologists, linguists and physicists, alongside Not bad places to spend a year… the philosophers for whom Oxford is now so well known. I also ended up taking on the outrageous task of condensing ARLEEN OZEMOND everything I know about knowledge into 35,000 words for M R Oxford University Press’s Very Short Introductions series. ON HER SABBATICAL Here’s hoping I can squeeze something about Dharmottara My current research concerns the question into that volume. … how philosophers during the 17th and 18th century tried to show that the human ERGIO ENENBAUM soul is an immaterial, immortal being. S T During my research leave in the Fall of ON HIS SABBATICAL 2011 I continued work on this project by I have been working throughout the year on a book-length writing and publishing a paper on project on the nature of action and instrumental rationality. In Descartes’s dualism and its relationship to the first half of my sabbatical, I was a member of a research the nature of body, “Real Distinction, group on the topic “Theoretical and Practical Rationality” in Separability and Corporeal Substance in Descartes” in the the Institute for Advanced Studies in Jerusalem. We were Midwest Studies in Philosophy . I also presented this paper at twelve philosophers (five from Israel and seven from the UK Yale University. In addition, I presented a paper on a well- and North America) in the lovely Givat Ram campus of the known argument in Leibniz against materialism, “Mills Hebrew University of Jerusalem. We had very lively weekly Can’t Think: Leibniz’ Approach to the Mind-Body presentations, various reading groups, informal meetings, a Problem”, at the Berlin-Toronto Workshop in early modern big conference, and a couple of tourist excursions. We would philosophy that took place in Berlin in November. Finally, also meet every day for lunch, and although most of our I wrote several articles for a novel project on Descartes, lunchtime conversations revolved around, of course, gossip a large lexicon on his philosophy with contributions from and Israeli politics, some of the debates of the other activities dozens of philosophers from a large number of countries, would inevitably resurface there. And if this weren’t enough to be published by Cambridge University Press. ...more research on Page 15
Department of Philosophy News 13 EVENTS & ACTIVITIES DURING 20 11-20 12 World Philosophy Day Tri-Campus Panel Martin Lin , Associate Professor of On the evening of February 29 the three Philosophy at Rutgers University, undergraduate philosophy groups, UTM’s returned to the U of T (he was one Philosophy Academic Society, UTSC’s of our faculty members from 2001 Association of Philosophy Students, and the to 2007), to speak as our 20 11 Philosophy Course Union at the St. George World Philosophy Day Lecturer on campus, hosted a panel at which faculty “Philosophy and its History – from all three campuses discussed their Questions of Methodology in the views on “How to Best Approach on Ethical History of Philosophy.” It was Question.” Some of the questions posed to reported that our upper year under - Professors Hurka , Clark , Sepielli , and grads were quite excited by the lecture, and faculty Seager focused on how we can come to members were happy to be interacting with him during know that something is ethical and how his visit. we are able to know that an action is or is not ethical. 2012 PHILOSOPHY BOOK LAUNCH The Department’s 25th Annual Book Launch, held on March 2nd, 2012, featured: James Robert Brown Platonism, Naturalism and Mathematical Knowledge Routledge, 20 11 James Robert Brown Philosophy of Science: Key Thinkers Continuum, 2012 Colin Howson Objecting to God Cambridge University Press, 20 11 Authors Brad Inwood, Tom Hurka, Paul Thompson, Ingrid Stefanovic, Wayne Sumner, Thomas Hurka Bill Seager, Jim Brown. Not pictured: Colin Howson, Mark Kingwell. Drawing Morals Oxford University Press, 20 11 Jamie Tappenden, Achille Varzi and University of Toronto Press, 20 11 Miriam Griffin and Brad Inwood, William Seager, editors translators Truth and Values: Essays for L. Wayne Sumner Lucius Annaeus Senecca: On Benefits Hans Herzberger Assisted Death: A Study in Ethics and Law University of Chicago Press, 20 11 University of Calgary Press, 20 11 Oxford University Press, 20 11 Paul R. Thompson Joshua Glenn and Mark Kingwell, Ingrid Leman Stefanovic and Agro-Technology: Illustrations by Seth Stephen Bede Scharper, editors The Wage Slave’s Glossary The Natural City: Re-Envisioning the A Philosophical Introduction Biblioasis, 20 11 Built Environment Cambridge University Press, 20 11
Alumni are invited to attend the 2013 Philosophy Book Launch which will be held on Thursday, March 7, 2013, 4-6 pm, at the Jackman Humanities Building, 170 St. George Street, Room 418.
14 University of Toronto RESEARCH NOTES CONTINUED associated with the first-person present-tense point of view: JENNIFER WHITING namely, foolishness (which its subject cannot, when in its ON HER SABBATICAL grip, recognize for what it is). My year was devoted to pleasure. Socrates The general themes here – pleasure, knowledge of self and was right: it is inseparable from pain. other, self-deception and various illusions due to the tempo - I toiled over two notoriously difficult texts ral distance from which we consider our own experiences and am pleased that the results will soon – explain why I spent the spring term at Harvard attending appear as “Fools’ Pleasures in Plato’s Richard Moran’s course on Proust, reading Proust’s opus Philebus ” (in an Oxford University Press magnum cover-to-cover for the first time and laying the volume) and “The Pleasures of Thinking foundation for future work (and a seminar I hope to teach Together: Prolegomenon to a complete in 2012-13) on Time, Self and Imagination. reading of Eudemian Ethics 7.12” (in a Brill volume). The latter, in which I found myself needing to KINGWELL continued from Page 11 reconstruct the (heavily corrupted) text before I could The walk was an inspiration for a public art intervention interpret it, is an object lesson in the pleasures not to with the two-person collective Blue Republic, aMAZEd, mention the benefits of thinking together with friends, that I created for the 2012 Luminato Festival of Art and especially Brad Inwood . Creativity in Toronto. The year’s theme was also reflected Both pieces continue my exploration of ways in which in original art work installed on the 10th floor of the ancient authors display something closer than usually Jackman Humanities Building, where the Institute allowed to the so-called “modern” conception of self- is housed. consciousness typically associated with Descartes. “Fools’ Next year I return to my regular teaching commitments Pleasures” seeks – by reading the overworked example of in the Department of Philosophy, including the undergrad - false anticipatory pleasures as part of the sequence in which uate seminar in which I will try to focus and extend the it is only the first step – to show Plato dealing with the idea of “dislocations of democracy” with the help of some flip-side of the sort of epistemic privilege typically (I hope willing) philosophical interlocutors. UPCOMING EVENTS The University of Toronto Colloquia and Special Lectures Colloquium in Mediaeval Philosophy October 11, 2012 – Dominik Perler Friday, September 21, 2012 (Humboldt University, Berlin), Edith Bruce Memorial Lecture on Immortality , “Who Charles Manekin (Maryland), “Belief, Knowledge, and Scientia Will Survive? A Medieval Thought Experiment (‘True Knowledge’) in the Hebrew Aristotelian Tradition.” on Immortality” Saturday, September 22, 20 12 November 15, 2012 – Gideon Rosen Eileen Sweeney (Boston College), “Albert the Great, Aquinas, and (Princeton), World Philosophy Day Bonaventure on Science.” Lecture Nate Bulthuis (Cornell), “Walter Burley on the Language of Thought.” November 22, 2012 – Ruth Chang (Rutgers), Colloquium T J Paasch (Georgetown), “Medieval Theories of Causal Powers.” March 19 and 21, 2013 – Donald Matthew Siebert (Toronto), “Second-Hand Knowledge.” Rutherford (UC San Diego), Simon Stephen Dumont (Notre Dame), “Intension and Remission of Forms: Lectures The Debate between Wylton and Burley.” May 3, 2013 – Julia Annas (Arizona), The colloquium is sponsored by the Department of Philosophy, the Colloquium and keynote lecture of the Collaborative Program in Ancient and Medieval Studies, and the Centre annual Graduate Philosophy Conference for Medieval Studies. Each talk will take place at the Jackman All sessions are free and open to the public. Humanities Building, Room 100, (170 St. George Street) at 3:15 pm and will be followed For more information please see http://cpamp.utoronto.ca/utcmp.html by a reception. or contact [email protected] Please check our website, www.philosophy.utoronto.ca for details.
Department of Philosophy News 15 Please Support the Department of Philosophy Name: ______Address: ______City: ______Province: ______Postal Code: ______Tel: ______Fax: ______E-mail: ______o Are you a grad? If so, what year: ______Degree ______Discipline _____ Faculty or College ______o I would prefer that my name not be included in listings of donors YES, I would like to support: o The Philosophy Department Trust Fund (Project 0560001565) The Chair’s discretionary fund is directed to student financial support, visiting lecturers, conferences and other programming. o Philosophy Alumni and Friends Graduate Scholarship (Project 0560011740) o The Donald Ainslie Graduate Scholarship in the Department of Philosophy (Project 0560012949) o PPEF - International Graduate Scholarship Support o Other: ______Payment Options : please select one Option #1 o Cheque enclosed (payable to University of Toronto) in the amount of $ ______Option #2 o Credit Card payment in the amount of $ ______o VISA o MasterCard o AMEX Card #: ______/______/______/______Exp: ______/______
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