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Zur Geschichte Des Faches Chemie 1 Kurze Übersicht über die Entwicklung des Fachs Chemie an der Universität Marburg von 1609 bis zur Gegenwart Neunte, verbesserte und ergänzte Auflage Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Februar 2020 2 Herausgegeben vom Dekanat des Fachbereichs Chemie der Philipps−Universität Hans−Meerwein−Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Telefon 06421/28-25543 Web-Adresse: https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/fb15/fachbereich/dekanat Verantwortlich für den Inhalt: Prof. i. R. Dr. Christian Reichardt (unter Mitarbeit von Dorothea Schulz und Michael Marsch). Der Herausgeber dankt für die zahlreichen wertvollen Hinweise zur Verbesserung und Ergänzung dieser Übersicht. Besonderen Dank an Dr. Carsten Lind vom Universitätsarchiv Marburg, an Prof. Dr. Christoph Meinel, Universität Regensburg und an Dr. Norbert Nail, Universität Marburg. Es gilt die jeweils letzte Auflage! Hinweis 1 Eine aktualisierte Fassung dieser Übersicht kann unter der Web-Adresse https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/fb15/fachbereich/dekanat/chemie.pdf eingesehen und heruntergeladen werden. Hinweis 2 Diese Übersicht wurde vor allem unter Benutzung folgender Quellen zusammengestellt: (a) Christoph Meinel: Die Chemie an der Universität Marburg seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts – Ein Beitrag zu ihrer Entwicklung als Hochschulfach. Band 3 der Schriftenreihe Academia Marburgensis, herausgegeben von der Philipps- Universität; Verlag N. G. Elwert, Marburg, 1978. (b) Rudolf Schmitz: Die Naturwissenschaften an der Philipps-Universität Marburg 1527–1977. Verlag N. G. Elwert, Marburg, 1978. (c) Franz Gundlach, Inge Auerbach (Bearbeiter): Catalogus professorum Academiae Marbur- gensis. Bd. 1 (1527-1910), Bd. 2 (1911-1971), Bd. 3/ Teil I und II (1971-1991). Verlag N. G. Elwert, Marburg, 1927, 1979 und 2000/2001. – Siehe auch Marburger Professorenkatalog online (https://www.uni-marburg.de/uniarchiv/pkat). ‒ Die Kurzbiografien noch lebender Personen wurden, soweit möglich, durch deren direkte Befragung durch den Herausgeber die- ser Übersicht vervollkommnet. – Russische Namen wurden nach dem Duden transkribiert. (d) Chronik der Königlich-Preussischen Universität Marburg 1887-1941; Chronik der Philipps-Universität Marburg 1941-1963 (mit wechselndem Titel; enthält u.a. die jeweiligen Jahresberichte der Direktoren des Chemischen und des Physikalisch-chemischen Instituts). (e) Neuere Chronik: https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/fb15/fachbereich/profil_und_chronik/ chronik-1/geschichte-der-marburger-chemie (f) Wilhelm Ganzenmüller: Das chemische Laboratorium der Universität Marburg im Jahre 1615. Angewandte Chemie 1941, 54, 215–217; wieder abgedruckt in: W. Ganzenmüller: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technologie und der Alchemie. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1956, S. 314-322; sowie in: Medizinhistorisches Journal 1967, 2, 68-77. (g) Dekanat des Fachbereichs Chemie der Philipps-Universität Marburg (Hrsg.): Wissen- schaftliche Aktivitäten des Fachbereichs Chemie der Philipps-Universität Marburg im Jahr 3 xxxx. Seit 1971 jährlich erscheinende Broschüre, zuletzt erschienen 2019 für das Jahr 2018; erhältlich im Dekanat des Fb Chemie Marburg ( → https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/fb15/ fachbereich/dekanat). (h) Christian Reichardt (unter Mitarbeit von Dorothea Schulz und Michael Marsch): Kurze Übersicht über die Entwicklung des Fachs Chemie an der Philipps–Universität Marburg von 1609 bis zur Gegenwart. 1. bis 8. Auflage, Dekanat des Fachbereichs Chemie, Marburg, 2002, 2005, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 und 2017. (i) C. Reichardt: Laboratorien und Institute für Chemie an der Universität Marburg von 1609 bis zur Gegenwart. In K. Schaal (Hrsg.): Von mittelalterlichen Klöstern zu modernen Insti- tutsgebäuden – aus der Baugeschichte der Philipps-Universität Marburg. Buchreihe Acade- mia Marburgensis, Band 15, S. 83-108; Waxmann-Verlag, Münster, New York, 2019. → Siehe daselbst auch S. 25-33 und 65-81 (Barfüßerkloster, Am Plan/Barfüßerstraße) sowie S. 128-131 (Chemisches Institut, Bahnhofstraße 7). (j) Fachschaft Chemie der Philipps-Universität Marburg (Hrsg.): Kritische Blätter (Kurz- fassung: Fliegende Blätter), 1971-2017 ( → https://www.uni-marburg.de/fb15/fachschaft/ fs_publi). → Marburger Chemiegeschichte aus studentischer Sicht. (k) Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender. 30. Ausgabe, Verlag De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston, 2018. (l) Die Zugriffe auf die angegebenen Internet-Adressen (www, Web) erfolgten im November 2019. Hinweis 3 Bildergalerien im frei zugänglichen Foyer des Fachbereichs Chemie (Neubau) enthalten Bildnisse von ehemaligen bedeutenden Marburger Chemikern und Physikochemikern, deren Kurzbiografien in diese Übersicht aufgenommen wurden. Eine weitere Bildergalerie umfasst die Ehrendoktoren der Fachbereiche Chemie und Physikalische Chemie, deren Kurz- biografien in dieser Übersicht ebenfalls enthalten sind (siehe S. 135-140). Ältere Bilder Marburger Professoren findet man bei C. Graepler: Imagines Professorum Academiae Marburgensis – Katalog von Bildnissen Marburger Hochschullehrer aus fünf Jahrhunderten. Verlag Elwert, Marburg, 1977 ( → Hartmann S. 32; Waldschmiedt S. 60; Moench S. 79; Wurzer S. 88; Bunsen S. 103; Carius S. 119; Zincke S. 122). → Siehe auch die beiden Wandtafeln mit Professorenbildnissen im westlichen Kreuzgang der Alten Universität Marburg, Eingang Reitgasse oder Lahntor 3 (oberhalb des Rudolfsplatzes). Je eine Kopie des Ölgemäldes „Bunsen zum Abschied von Marburg“ hängt im Foyer des neuen Fachbereichsgebäudes (Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4/Nordeingang) und in der Bibliothek Chemie (Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6). Das Original befindet sich im Universitätsmuseum Marburg (siehe S. 149-150). Eine Kopie des barocken Gedenksteins zur Eröffnung des zweiten Chemischen Labora- toriums in Marburg im Jahr 1686 hängt im Südeingang des neuen Fachbereichsgebäudes auf dem Campus Lahnberge (Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4). Eine Kopie der Bronzetafel, die 1981 von der Deutschen Bunsen-Gesellschaft am Deutsch- ordenshaus am Firmaneiplatz angebracht wurde, steht im Nordeingang des neuen Fach- bereichsgebäudes auf dem Campus Lahnberge (Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4). 4 Z u m G e l e i t Diese kurze Übersicht zur Entwicklung des Fachs Chemie an der Philipps-Universität Marburg erschien in erster Auflage im Jubiläumsjahr 2002 als Beitrag zur 475. Wiederkehr ihrer Gründung durch Landgraf Philipp den Großmütigen im Jahre 1527. Wegen des großen Interesses waren die erste und die sieben weiteren Auflagen schnell vergriffen, so dass wir nun 2020 eine neunte, wiederum korrigierte, verbesserte und ergänzte Auflage vorlegen. Äußerer Anlass für die dritte Auflage 2009 war die 400. Wiederkehr der Gründung des ersten deutschen Lehrstuhls für Chemie durch Landgraf Moritz von Hessen-Kassel. Mit der Einsetzung von Johannes Hartmann (siehe Bild auf S. 7 und 143) zum ersten ordentlichen Professor für Chymiatrie (dem der Heilkunde verpflichteten Teil der Chemie) wurde 1609 in Marburg die erste Professur für Chemie und Pharmazeutische Chemie in der ganzen Welt eingerichtet. Hartmann errichtete im gleichen Jahr auch das weltweit erste universitäre chemische Unterrichtslaboratorium (Laboratorium chymicum publicum), das im Collegium philosophicum der Universität im ehemaligen Barfüßerkloster des Franziskanerordens an der Ecke Barfüßerstraße 1/Am Plan untergebracht war. In diesem Laboratorium wurden Studen- ten unter Hartmanns Anleitung vor allem in der Anfertigung von Arzneimitteln unterwiesen. Im Jahr 2015 hat die Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker den Nachfolgebau des Hartmannschen Laboratoriums, das jetzige Institut für Sportwissenschaften und Motologie, zur „Historischen Stätte der Chemie“ deklariert. Damit wurde eine Tradition begründet, der wir uns heute, nach über 400 Jahren Chemie in Marburg (mit einigen Unterbrechungen), noch immer verpflichtet fühlen. Der genius loci dieser kleinen hessischen Provinzuniversität hat es über Jahrhunderte hinweg vermocht, an diesem Ort eine erstaunliche Anzahl angesehener Naturwissenschaftler zu versammeln, da- runter zahlreiche Chemiker und Physikochemiker, die es zu Weltruhm gebracht haben. Allein die Namen von fünf Chemie-Nobelpreisträgern (Hans Fischer 1930; Adolf Butenandt 1939; Otto Hahn 1944; Karl Ziegler 1963; Georg Wittig 1979) sind mit der Philipps-Universität verbunden (siehe deren Kurzbiografien). Ihre ehemalige Wirkungsstätte als Studenten und Hochschullehrer, das Alte Chemische Institut in der Bahnhofstraße 7, wurde bereits 2006 durch die Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker zur „Historischen Stätte der Chemie“ erhoben, vor allem aber wegen des Wirkens von Hans Meerwein, der dieses Institut von 1929 bis 1952 erfolgreich leitete und dort wesentliche Beiträge zur synthetischen und physikalisch-organi- schen Chemie erarbeitete. In diesem, grundlegend renovierten Gebäude befindet sich nun seit Dezember 2011 auch das CHEMIKUM MARBURG. Dass sich die Qualität von Forschung und Lehre am Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps- Universität (seit 2014 im zweiten Neubau auf dem Campus Lahnberge) auch heute noch sehen lassen kann, zeigt die Wahl dieses Fachbereichs zum Center of Excellence durch den Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, Frankfurt (Main), [a] und seinem guten Abschneiden bei den Hochschulrankings des Centrums für Hochschulentwicklungen (CHE), Gütersloh, [b,c,d] und des FOCUS-Magazins, München. [e] Die vor einigen Jahren erfolgte Ablösung des bisherigen Diplom-Studiengangs Chemie durch einen Bachelor- (B. Sc. ab WS 2006/07) und einen Master-Studiengang (M. Sc. ab WS 2009/10) im Rahmen des Bologna-Prozesses zur Schaff- ung eines gemeinsamen europäischen Hochschulraums hat zu einer weiteren Modernisierung und Intensivierung
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