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Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA)

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Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) SSuuddaann Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) Data collected in May 2006 Strengthening Emergency Needs Assessment Capacity (SENAC) Sudan: Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) Prepared by Jonathan Rivers, Cinzia Papavero, William Nall, Jan Delbaere, Peter Horjus, Daniel Molla, and Billy Mwinga. December 2007 © World Food Programme, Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Branch (ODAV) Picture: ©2006 WFP/Emilia Casella This study was prepared under the umbrella of the “Strengthening Emergency Needs Assessment Capacity” (SENAC). Financial support for this study was provided by European Union and the Citigroup Foundation. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or the Citigroup Foundation. For any queries on this document or the SENAC project, please contact [email protected] or visit www.wfp.org/odan/senac For information about the VAM Unit, please visit: http://vam.wfp.org United Nations World Food Programme Headquarters: Via C.G. Viola 68, Parco de’ Medici, 00148, Rome, Italy Acknowledgement The Sudan Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA), is primarily based on household and community level data obtained from the Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS) of the Government of National Unity of Sudan and the Government of Southern Sudan. WFP provided funds and technical support for the food security component of the SHHS. WFP gratefully acknowledges the partnership on the SHHS with the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) and the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) representing the Government of National Unity (GoNU), and the Ministry of Health (MoH) together with the Southern Sudan Commission for Census, Statistics and Evaluation (SSCCSE), both representing the Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS). This CFSVA report is prepared by (in alphabetical order) Jan Delbaere, Peter Horjus, William Nall, Daniel Molla, Billy Mwinga, Cinzia Papavero and Jonathan Rivers. Additional analysis and content was provided by Yukiyasu Sumi. Nada Ahmed and Veronica Rammala prepared most of the maps in the report. Cédric Charpentier formatted the document. Useful comments and suggestions were made by colleagues in WFP Sudan and WFP Headquarters. GEOGRAPHIC DESIGNATIONS: South Sudan refers to the following States: Northern Bahr El Ghazal, Western Bahr El Ghazal, Warrup, Lakses, Unity, Upper Nile, Jonglei, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria. Darfur/Greater Darfur refers to the three States in Darfur: North Darfur, South Darfur and West Darfur. Rest of Sudan refers to the following States: Northern, River Nile, Red Sea, North Kordofan, South Kordofan, Abyei, Khartoum, White Nile, Al Gezira, Kassala, Gedaref, Sennar and Blue Nile. “The Three Areas” (also known as the Protocol Areas or Transition Areas) refers to South Kordofan, Abyei and Blue Nile States. Their administration and final status will be determined according to specific protocols established under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. 3 LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................. 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................... 12 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 1. STUDY OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY ................................................ 3 1.1 OBJECTIVES........................................................................................ 3 1.2 DEFINITIONS, TERMINOLOGY AND CONCEPTS .................................................. 3 1.3 SOURCES OF DATA ................................................................................ 4 1.4 SURVEY INSTRUMENTS............................................................................ 5 1.5 SAMPLING PROCEDURES .......................................................................... 6 1.5 ENUMERATOR TRAINING AND DATA COLLECTION............................................... 7 1.6 DATA ENTRY AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS....................................................... 7 1.7 SURVEY LIMITATIONS ............................................................................. 8 2. POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL, INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN SUDAN .... 9 2.1 POLITICAL CONTEXT............................................................................... 9 2.2 ECONOMIC CONTEXT .............................................................................. 9 2.3 AGGREGATE AVAILABILITY AND MARKETS....................................................... 9 3. ASSET ENDOWMENTS ............................................................................ 23 3.1 NATURAL CAPITAL ....................................................................................23 3.2 HUMAN CAPITAL ..................................................................................24 3.3 PHYSICAL CAPITAL ...............................................................................27 4. ACTIVITIES AND LIVELIHOOD GROUPS ................................................. 31 4.1 MAIN INCOME SOURCES AND LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES ............................................31 4.2 HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOOD PROFILES............................................................33 4.3 LIVELIHOODS AND WEALTH STATUS.................................................................36 4.4 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN SUDAN .............................................................38 4.5 HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES ....................................................................40 5. FOOD CONSUMPTION ............................................................................ 43 5.1 FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS .....................................................................43 5.2 SOURCES OF FOOD ...............................................................................45 5.3 FOOD CONSUMPTION SCORING .................................................................47 5.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION SCORE .....................................................49 5.5 VALIDATION OF THE FOOD CONSUMPTION SCORE WITH OTHER ACCESS INDICATORS.....49 6. FOOD SECURITY PROFILING ................................................................. 53 6.1 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY STATUS.....................................53 6.2 FOOD SECURITY AND HOUSEHOLD DISPLACEMENT STATUS ..................................54 6.3 FOOD SECURITY AND WEALTH...................................................................54 6.4 EDUCATION OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD AND FOOD SECURITY STATUS ...........................56 6.5 LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES AND FOOD SECURITY STATUS......................................56 6.6 DEPENDENCY RATIO AND FOOD SECURITY STATUS ...........................................57 6.7 SEX OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD AND FOOD SECURITY STATUS ....................................58 6.8 VEGETABLE GARDEN MAINTENANCE AND FOOD SECURITY STATUS ..........................58 6.9 DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SECURITY ............................................................59 7.1 CHILD HEALTH ....................................................................................60 7.2 CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES .....................................................................61 7.3 CHILD NUTRITIONAL STATUS....................................................................63 7.4 MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES.................................................................65 8. RISK ANALYSIS FOR SUDAN.................................................................. 67 8.1THE APPROACH.........................................................................................67 8.2 HOUSEHOLD’S CAPACITY TO COPE ..................................................................68 8.3 ANALYSIS OF THE RISK OF DROUGHT ...............................................................69 8.4 FUTURE VULNERABILITY TO CONFLICT ..............................................................72 9. REST OF SUDAN (ROS) .......................................................................... 74 9.1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .........................................................................74 9.2 LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES OF HOUSEHOLDS....................................................75 9.3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ........................................................................78 9.4 FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND CURRENT HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY .............81 9.5 MOST COMMON SHOCKS.........................................................................88 9.6 HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY TO SHOCKS ......................................................90 9.7 GENERAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION SITUATION ................................................91 9.8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................98 10. GREATER DARFUR ............................................................................. 101 10.1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .......................................................................101 10.2 LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES OF HOUSEHOLDS..................................................104 10.3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION..................................................................107 10.4 CURRENT HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY STATUS ...........................................108 10.5 MOST COMMON SHOCKS.......................................................................114
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