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Improving Natural Resource Management a Feinstein International Center Desk Study
Lessons for Taadoud II: Improving Natural Resource Management A Feinstein International Center Desk Study By Helen Young, Merry Fitzpatrick, Anastasia Marshak, Anne Radday, Francesco Staro, and Aishwarya Venkat April 2019 Table of Contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. v Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Roadmap ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Part 1. History and context of disasters and development in Sudan ...................................................... 5 A shift from what makes communities vulnerable to what makes them resilient ............................. 7 Key points for Taadoud II .................................................................................................................. 11 Part 2. Livelihoods, conflict, power, and institutions ............................................................................ 12 Diverging views on drivers of the Darfur conflict -
Agricultural Information Worldwide an INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL for INFORMATION SPECIALISTS in AGRICULTURE, NATURAL RESOURCES, and the ENVIRONMENT
Agricultural Information Worldwide AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INFORMATION SPECIALISTS IN AGRICULTURE, NATURAL RESOURCES, AND THE ENVIRONMENT ISSN: 1998-0027 Vol. 2, No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` B 7 7: [ = \]_`` B + 7 7: [ 6 : ^ = \]a_` B + 7 7: [ 6 : ^ = \]bb`` 7 : [ = \]^`` + 7 : [ = \]c`` 7 7 C -
Soil and Oil
COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE COALITION FOR I NTERNATIONAL JUSTICE SOIL AND OIL: DIRTY BUSINESS IN SUDAN February 2006 Coalition for International Justice 529 14th Street, N.W. Suite 1187 Washington, D.C., 20045 www.cij.org February 2006 i COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE COALITION FOR I NTERNATIONAL JUSTICE SOIL AND OIL: DIRTY BUSINESS IN SUDAN February 2006 Coalition for International Justice 529 14th Street, N.W. Suite 1187 Washington, D.C., 20045 www.cij.org February 2006 ii COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE © 2006 by the Coalition for International Justice. All rights reserved. February 2006 iii COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CIJ wishes to thank the individuals, Sudanese and not, who graciously contributed assistance and wisdom to the authors of this research. In particular, the authors would like to express special thanks to Evan Raymer and David Baines. February 2006 iv 25E 30E 35E SAUDI ARABIA ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT LIBYA Red Lake To To Nasser Hurghada Aswan Sea Wadi Halfa N u b i a n S aS D e s e r t ha ah raar a D De se es re tr t 20N N O R T H E R N R E D S E A 20N Kerma Port Sudan Dongola Nile Tokar Merowe Haiya El‘Atrun CHAD Atbara KaroraKarora RIVER ar Ed Damer ow i H NILE A d tb a a W Nile ra KHARTOUM KASSALA ERITREA NORTHERN Omdurman Kassala To Dese 15N KHARTOUM DARFUR NORTHERN 15N W W W GEZIRA h h KORDOFAN h i Wad Medani t e N i To le Gedaref Abéche Geneina GEDAREF Al Fasher Sinnar El Obeid Kosti Blu WESTERN Rabak e N i En Nahud le WHITE DARFUR SINNAR WESTERN NILE To Nyala Dese KORDOFAN SOUTHERN Ed Damazin Ed Da‘ein Al Fula KORDOFAN BLUE SOUTHERN Muglad Kadugli DARFUR NILE B a Paloich h 10N r e 10N l 'Arab UPPER NILE Abyei UNIT Y Malakal NORTHERN ETHIOPIA To B.A.G. -
Towards Promotion of Agricultural Efficiency in Sudan
Agricultural Economics Working Paper Series Agricultural Efficiency Gains and Trade Liberalization in Sudan Khalid H. A. Siddig and Babiker I. Babiker Working Paper No. 1 (2011) Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of Agriculture, Khartoum University 13314 Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan 1 Agricultural Efficiency Gains and Trade Liberalization in Sudan Khalid H. A. Siddig1 and Babiker I. Babiker2 Abstract The traditional agriculture in Sudan occupies 60% of the total cultivated land and employs 65% of the agricultural population. Nevertheless, it is characterized by its low crop productivity, which is mainly driven by low technical efficiency, while drought and civil conflicts threaten most of its areas countrywide. Therefore, it has contributed only an average of 16% to the total agricultural GDP during the last decade. This paper addresses from an empirical point of view the sectoral and macroeconomic implications of agricultural efficiency improvement in Sudan and assesses the efficiency gains under the assumption of trade liberalization. Efficiency improvement experiments are implemented by augmenting the efficiency parameters of labor, capital, and land in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework. The CGE model of the study relies on the newly produced Sudanese Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), which provides data on 10 agricultural sectors, 10 industrial sectors and 13 service sectors. Results show that improving the agricultural efficiency would lead to improvements in GDP, welfare level, and trade balance. In addition it would also improve the output and competitiveness of the Sudanese agricultural exports and increase their strength to face the challenges of liberalization. 1Corresponding author: Assistant Professor: University of Khartoum, Sudan and Postdoctoral Fellow: Agricultural and Food Policy Group, Hohenheim University, Germany. -
Coordination in Post-Conflict Situations and Post-Natural Disasters
Chapter 6 Coordination in Post-Conflict Situations and Post-Natural Disasters Efforts towards greater system-wide coherence and UN reform imple- mentation are of particular importance in crisis and post-conflict contexts, when transaction costs for nascent or fragile governments and national partners must be minimized. In 2006, through tools such as the Post-Conflict Needs Assessment (PCNA) and the transitional strategy, UNCT work focused on supporting peace consolidation efforts, building sustainable institutions, and creating the necessary preconditions for development. Over the past year UNCTs also continued to provide critical planning and coordination support for natural disaster recovery and reconstruction as well as avian influenza preparedness. Post-Conflict Needs Assessments In recent years the PCNA methodology has been developed jointly by UNDG and the World Bank to help national actors undertake a systematic, conflict sensitive and inclusive assessment of priority needs. The PCNA has been used in Iraq (2003), Liberia (2003- 2004), Haiti (2004), Sudan (2004-2005), Somalia (2005-2006), and Darfur (2006). The methodology includes needs assessment, costing, and a prioritization of results in an 70 71 Somalia and Sudan — Undertaking Joint Needs Assessments accompanying Transitional Results Since late 2005, in an effort to support In June 2006 in Sudan, as mandated in Matrix (TRM). One of the overall aims of Somali-led efforts to deepen peace and the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA), the the PCNA is to help governments devel- reduce poverty, the Somalia UNCT has Darfur Joint Assessment Mission (D-JAM) op nationally defined priorities. Another been undertaking the Somali Joint Needs began to identify key early recovery and is to identify the interventions and finan- Assessment (JNA). -
Organic Agriculture in Sudan
Sudan experience in biosafety Muna Mahjoub Mohamed Ahmed Sudan`s natural resources Agriculture Traditional farming is the dominant form of agricultural production in Sudan. In the rain-fed sector no agrochemicals or organic fertilizers are used. Flood irrigated areas like Toker, Gash and others are strongly recommended as organic farming areas. The large agricultural irrigated schemes use chemical fertilizers and pesticides with crop rotation , but, they are still suboptimal, Mukhtar et.al,(2001). Continuous monoculture of sorghum, and or sesame has depleted thousands of hectares and subjected them to noxious and parasitic weeds. Sudan national revenue of some agricultural export products (1999-2000) No Products Revenue sold as Revenue sold as Revenue Increase Conventional* Organic 79%** Difference (US$1000) (US$ 1000) (US$ 1000) 1 Gum Arabic 16042 28715.2 12673.2 2 Talh gum 2340 4188.2 1848.6 3 Sesame 146920 262986.8 116066.8 4 Groundnuts 5421 9703.6 4282.59 5 Kerkade 17987 32196.7 14209.7 6 Watermelon seed 12608 22568.3 9960.3 7 Cassia senna 788 1410.5 622.5 8 Hinna 636 1138.4 502.4 9 Sorghum 10112 18100.5 7988.5 10 Vegetables 07 12.5 5.5 11 Fruits 3450 6175.5 2725.5 12 Loban gum 312 558.5 246.5 13 Sheep 60555 108393.5 47838.5 14 Goats 338 605 267 15 Cattle 161 288.2 127.2 16 Camels 5324 9530 4206 17 Antelopes 084 150.4 66.4 18 Red meats 17677 31642 13965 19 Fish 179 320.4 141.4 20 Gum Arabic powder 4776 8549 3773 Total 305717 547233.6 241516.6 (*) Actually sold as conventional foods. -
A Policy Overview of Property Rights and Governance of Africa's Rangelands
University of Kentucky UKnowledge XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Grassland Congress Proceedings International Rangeland Congress Taming a 'Wicked' Policy Problem: A Policy Overview of Property Rights and Governance of Africa's Rangelands Esther Mwangi Harvard University Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/19-1/2 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 瞯 9 62 瞯 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World Volume Ⅱ ] Taming a ' wicked ' policy problem : a policy overview of property rights and governance of Africa摧s ra�ngelands� Esther M w angi Center f or International Development , K ennedy School o f Government , H arv ard University , 503A Rubenstein Building , 79 JFK Street , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA E‐mail : esther _ mw angi@ ksg .harv ard .edu Key Points : This paper views property rights in dryland Africa as presenting a �wicked�policy problem . Securing rights has generally involved several interrelated and complex processes . Each of these �solutions�shows , is in turn beset by new problems , key among them are entrenching local participation in decision making , preventing manipulation and capture by elites , lack of accountability of local level institutions and authorities , and the onset of a new generation of user conflicts . -
The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: an Economy-Wide General Equilibrium Assessment
Agricultural Economics Working Paper Series, Khartoum University. Working Paper No. 2 (2011) Agricultural Economics Working Paper Series The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: An Economy-wide General Equilibrium Assessment Khalid H. A. Siddig Working Paper No. 2 (2011) Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of Agriculture, Khartoum University 13314 Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan 1 Agricultural Economics Working Paper Series, Khartoum University. Working Paper No. 2 (2011) The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: An Economy-wide General Equilibrium Assessment Khalid H. A. Siddig1 Abstract The international Monitory Fund (IMF) has been working with Sudan since 1997 to implement macroeconomic reforms including a managed float of the exchange rate (EXR). The IMF sees the EXR flexibility as key to safeguard and rebuild foreign exchange reserves and essential to meet the international reserve target in Sudan. However, the authorities in Sudan are concerned that greater exchange rate flexibility could contribute to inflationary pressures. In addition, a review of literature focusing on the exchange rate policies in Sudan reflects huge ambiguity about its outcome. This calls for additional empirical investigations that provide economy wide assessments of the various possible scenarios that could be adopted in the Sudanese context. Accordingly, the current paper applies an economy-wide impact assessment tool to investigate the possible effects of devaluating the overvalued (according to the IMF, 2009) Sudanese pound. Namely, it uses a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model together with its detailed database of Sudan to simulate the Sudanese pound to depreciate according to three different scenarios by 5%, 10%, and 15%. Results of the paper recommend that the additional flexibility in the Sudanese EXR regime suggested by the IMF should be carefully considered if that would lead the value of the Sudanese currency to be devalued. -
The State of Sudan's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture
COUNTRY REPORTS THE STATE OF SUDAN’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE This country report has been prepared by the national authorities as a contribution to the FAO publication, The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. The report is being made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as requested by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the content of this document is entirely the responsibility of the authors, and does not necessarily represent the views of FAO, or its Members. The designations employed and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. FOREWORD Sudan is a part to the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the only intergovernmental forum which deals with whole range of genetic resources for food and agriculture. The importance of the genetic resources for food and agriculture stems from the fact that it is building block of biodiversity. It is realized that biodiversity provides the basis for livelihood and sustainable social and economic development; and safe ecological safety and food security. -
Nile Water and Agriculture: Past Present and Future
:he need tor a much better under ld productive development of Nile e realization of the need for coop 2 lificant progress in this regard. An las, and is, given to water and agri eeds to be better consideration for Nile water and agriculture institutions involved in water and man and institutional capacity to Past, present and future Karen Conniff, David Molden, Don Peden and Seleshi B. Awulachew ie, and Source of livelihood of the :ient attentions and investment in momic growth, food security and the NBI programmes. ;Vater availability for food produc Key messages Jeneficial' water to managed land has been a dominant feature of Nile Basin countries for centuries. Irrigated expansion over the last hundred years, often driven by foreign powers, has 1 expansion.There is ample scope Lake Nasser. Further addition in caused change in the use of the Nile water, and continues to be a major intlu >peration and integrated manage ence on the decisions around the Nile River use today. • Use of Nile River water is a cause for transboundary cooperation and conflict. More than ty gains, fisheries and small-scale ever, the Nile Basin countries teel the pressure of expanding population requirements for food production and energy to develop their economies. However, historical treaties and , improve productivity and Sif,'l1if... nr~,rhr,>< continue to significantly shape directions of future Nile water use. 1e landscape is high and can be • Power development is changing the Nile River. Many dams are planned and several are under construction. The dam projects will have direct consequences for local populations lensive agreement and the Nile and governments as they negotiate for water resources, land and power. -
PLAN of ACTION (2015-2019): Resilient Livelihoods for Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition
FAO Representation in Sudan Government of the Republic of Sudan: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rangelands Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Physical Development Country Programming Framework for Sudan PLAN OF ACTION (2015-2019): Resilient Livelihoods for Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition FAO Representation in Sudan Government of the Republic of Sudan: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rangelands Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Physical Development Country Programming Framework for Sudan PLAN OF ACTION (2015-2019): Resilient Livelihoods for Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition Khartoum January 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. CHALLENGES TO FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SUDAN 5 2.1 Socio-economic Context 7 2.1.1 Economic Background 7 2.1.2 Rural Poverty 8 2.1.3 Food Security 8 2.2 Sectoral Context 9 2.3 Hazards and Stresses to Crops, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry Production 11 2.4 Status of the Agriculture Sector 15 2.4.1 Current Strengths and Weaknesses 15 2.4.2 Potential Opportunities and Threats 16 2.5 Climate Change 17 2.6 Humanitarian Context 18 3. AGRICULTURAL POLICY, STRATEGY AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT OF SUDAN 19 3.1 National Institutional Setting 21 3.2 Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers I and II (2011-2016) 21 3.3 Second Five-Year Development Plan (2012-2016) 22 3.4 -
ELD Sudan Report Final 31 J
qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmUNDqwertyuiopa sdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz xcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuio MAPPING AND CONSULTATIONS TO pasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjCONTEXUALIZE THE ECONOMICS OF LAND DEGRADATION (ELD) INITIATIVE IN SUDAN klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjkl zxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwPrepared by: Omer Egemi (Ph.D) ertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopTayeb Ganawa (Ph.D) asdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjkl2014 zxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm rtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopa sdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Objectives of the paper ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Methodological considerations ................................................................................................ 4 2. SUDAN CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................... 4 3. ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES ........................................................................... 6 3.1 Ecological zones and