DOCSLIB.ORG

Sudan Rapid Post Disaster Needs and Recovery Assessment (Rapid Pdnra)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sudan Rapid Post Disaster Needs and Recovery Assessment (Rapid Pdnra) SUDAN RAPID POST DISASTER NEEDS AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENT (RAPID PDNRA) SUDAN RAPID POST DISASTER NEEDS AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENT (RAPID PDNRA) March 2021 Disclaimer This report was developed based on the inputs received during numerous consultative sessions, state visits, individual interviews, and literature reviews by the Sudan RPDNRA team. Any discrepancies are unintended. The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Published by Government of Sudan Council of Ministers Nile Avenue - Khartoum E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.sudan.gov.sd TABLE OF CONTENTS OPENING REMARKS vi FOREWORD viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix ACRONYMS DIRECTORY xii 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii 2. INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1 NATURAL HAZARDS AND DISASTER RISK IN SUDAN 2 3. SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT 4 OVERVIEW OF THE FLOOD EVENT 4 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSESSMENT 4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 6 4. HOUSING 10 SUMMARY 10 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 11 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 13 MACRO-ECONOMIC AND HUMAN IMPACT 14 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 14 5. HEALTH 18 SUMMARY 18 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 19 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 23 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 29 6. EDUCATION 31 SUMMARY 31 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 32 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 34 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 37 7. SPORTS 39 SUMMARY 39 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 39 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 40 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 43 8. MANUFACTURING 46 SUMMARY 46 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 46 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 48 MACRO-ECONOMIC AND HUMAN IMPACT 49 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 50 SUDAN RAPID POST DISASTER NEEDS AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENT (RAPID PDNRA) iii 9. AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES & LIVESTOCK 52 SUMMARY 52 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 53 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 56 MACRO-ECONOMIC AND HUMAN IMPACT 60 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 61 10. TRANSPORT 66 SUMMARY 66 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 67 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 71 MACRO-ECONOMIC AND HUMAN IMPACT 75 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 76 11. ENERGY & ELECTRICITY 80 SUMMARY 80 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 80 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 84 MACRO-ECONOMIC AND HUMAN IMPACT 87 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 87 12. WATER, SANITATION & WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 90 SUMMARY 90 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 90 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 92 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 96 13. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 100 SUMMARY 100 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 101 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 105 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 106 14. EMPLOYMENT, LIVELIHOODS & SOCIAL PROTECTION 109 SUMMARY 109 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 109 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 111 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 115 15. CULTURE 121 SUMMARY 121 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 121 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 124 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 127 16. GENDER 130 SUMMARY 130 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 131 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 139 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 142 17. GOVERNANCE 146 SUMMARY 146 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 147 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 150 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 151 SUDAN RAPID POST DISASTER NEEDS AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENT iv (RAPID PDNRA) 18. ENVIRONMENT 152 SUMMARY 152 PRE-DISASTER AND SECTOR CONTEXT 152 POST-DISASTER EFFECTS FOR THE SECTOR 153 RECOVERY NEEDS AND STRATEGY 155 19. HUMAN IMPACT ASSESSMENT 158 OBJECTIVE AND KEY FINDINGS 158 CONTEXT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SUDAN 161 COPING STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY PEOPLE, ASSISTANCE RECEIVED AND EXPRESSED NEEDS 176 IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 179 RECOMMENDATIONS 182 20. SUDAN NATIONAL RESILIENCE AND RECOVERY FRAMEWORK 185 21. ANNEXES 192 ANNEX – HOUSING 192 ANNEX – HEALTH 193 ANNEX – EDUCATION 193 ANNEX – SPORTS 197 ANNEX – MANUFACTURING 198 ANNEX – AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES & LIVESTOCK 199 ANNEX – TRANSPORT 202 ANNEX – ENERGY & ELECTRICITY 203 ANNEX – WATER, SANITATION & WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 203 ANNEX – DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 207 ANNEX – EMPLOYMENT, LIVELIHOODS & SOCIAL PROTECTION 209 ANNEX – CULTURE 210 ANNEX – GENDER 216 ANNEX – ENVIRONMENT 216 ANNEX – HUMAN IMPACT ASSESSMENT 216 SUDAN RAPID POST DISASTER NEEDS AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENT (RAPID PDNRA) v OPENING REMARKS During the past weeks and months Sudan assessment of the resultant damage and experienced some of the worst flooding impacts by the floods. in decades. Over 875,000 people were affected, 120 people were left dead, and It was a huge learning experience for our flood-related damages amounted to over people as this was the first ever exercise USD 3.34 billion. The magnitude and of this nature to take place in Sudan. impacts of this year’s seasonal flooding The process of assessing the damages, are unprecedented. The floods affected all quantifying the losses, and identifying the eighteen States of the country. The Nile recovery needs was a valuable component States and the capital Khartoum, located of building the capacity of key sectors at the confluence of the White and the to assist in developing a more effective Blue Nile, were particularly affected by the disaster management mechanism for the overflow of rivers in the Nile basin. Heavy country. rains and flash flooding also affected non-Nile States, especially North Darfur, This report summarizes the main findings where the floods compounded the already of the assessment and outlines the key dire humanitarian situation. The floods actions needed for the immediate and impacted virtually every sector of Sudan. longer-term recovery from the flood The destruction of thousands of buildings disaster. Covering in total sixteen sector left people homeless and disrupted assessments, the report documents manufacturing and commercial activities the immense scale and damage of the across the country. With a large share floods. It also highlights the importance of the Sudanese living in rural areas and of preparedness to reduce the impacts relying on agriculture, animal husbandry and damages of future floods. As such, and pastoralism, the destruction of crops the assessment provides an important and livestock severely impacted the resource for all government agencies livelihoods of the people living in flood- involved in the flood response. In the affected areas. process of conducting the assessment, government agencies came together in On September 4th Sudan’s Security a great effort to generate a common and Defence Council declared a three- understanding of the flood impacts and month, nation-wide state of emergency recovery needs. In close coordination and designated the country a natural with the development partners in Sudan, disaster zone. The Sovereignty Council the assessment provided a valuable established a Higher Committee for experience for the Government of Sudan. Flood Mitigation to address the impact It made evident the strengths and areas of the floods of 2020. The committee is for improvement of the overall governance headed by the Ministry of Labour and structure for disaster management as Social Development and includes all the country transitions towards building relevant federal ministries, the states’ local better institutions. governments, and coordinating authorities as well as local, regional, and international The main task now for us as decision response organizations. On October 1st, makers is to ensure that the after flood waters had subsided and the recommended recovery processes enable full extent of the flood damage became us to implant resilience measures that will visible, the Ministry of Labour and Social mitigate the impact of future disasters. Development issued a request to the We constructed a disaster recovery World Bank Country Director, seeking framework for building back better and to assistance from the World Bank and keep Sudan on track to fulfil its national the United Nations to carry out an growth and development goals. We are SUDAN RAPID POST DISASTER NEEDS AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENT vi (RAPID PDNRA) pushing very hard to institutionalise our political and economic circumstances, approach to managing disaster and solid especially the World Bank and the United steps towards establishing a national Nations Development Programme in authority for disaster management is Sudan. We look forward to working closely already taken. with all partners and stakeholders to carry out the recovery tasks that are aiming On behalf of the Government of Sudan, to strengthen the country’s resilience to I would like to express my sincere disasters. appreciation to all partners who have assisted in the process and helped in Lena Elsheikh, Head of the Higher preparing this report under challenging Committee for Flood Mitigation SUDAN RAPID POST DISASTER NEEDS AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENT (RAPID PDNRA) vii FOREWORD During late summer and autumn of 2020, needs of those affected by flooding but Sudan has been affected by devastating support a development-oriented recovery floods in the Nile river basin, accompanied process and strengthen the country’s by heavy rain and flash flooding in non- disaster resilience. Nile States. The scale and extent of lasts year’s seasonal flooding – reportedly the As such, the devastating floods are also worst in over three decades – is immense: an opportunity to conduct and build with over 875,000 people affected across capacity on damage assessment using all 18 States of the country, the floods the internationally recognized PDNA impacted almost every sector of the methodology
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Soil and Oil
    COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE COALITION FOR I NTERNATIONAL JUSTICE SOIL AND OIL: DIRTY BUSINESS IN SUDAN February 2006 Coalition for International Justice 529 14th Street, N.W. Suite 1187 Washington, D.C., 20045 www.cij.org February 2006 i COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE COALITION FOR I NTERNATIONAL JUSTICE SOIL AND OIL: DIRTY BUSINESS IN SUDAN February 2006 Coalition for International Justice 529 14th Street, N.W. Suite 1187 Washington, D.C., 20045 www.cij.org February 2006 ii COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE © 2006 by the Coalition for International Justice. All rights reserved. February 2006 iii COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CIJ wishes to thank the individuals, Sudanese and not, who graciously contributed assistance and wisdom to the authors of this research. In particular, the authors would like to express special thanks to Evan Raymer and David Baines. February 2006 iv 25E 30E 35E SAUDI ARABIA ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT LIBYA Red Lake To To Nasser Hurghada Aswan Sea Wadi Halfa N u b i a n S aS D e s e r t ha ah raar a D De se es re tr t 20N N O R T H E R N R E D S E A 20N Kerma Port Sudan Dongola Nile Tokar Merowe Haiya El‘Atrun CHAD Atbara KaroraKarora RIVER ar Ed Damer ow i H NILE A d tb a a W Nile ra KHARTOUM KASSALA ERITREA NORTHERN Omdurman Kassala To Dese 15N KHARTOUM DARFUR NORTHERN 15N W W W GEZIRA h h KORDOFAN h i Wad Medani t e N i To le Gedaref Abéche Geneina GEDAREF Al Fasher Sinnar El Obeid Kosti Blu WESTERN Rabak e N i En Nahud le WHITE DARFUR SINNAR WESTERN NILE To Nyala Dese KORDOFAN SOUTHERN Ed Damazin Ed Da‘ein Al Fula KORDOFAN BLUE SOUTHERN Muglad Kadugli DARFUR NILE B a Paloich h 10N r e 10N l 'Arab UPPER NILE Abyei UNIT Y Malakal NORTHERN ETHIOPIA To B.A.G.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Promotion of Agricultural Efficiency in Sudan
    Agricultural Economics Working Paper Series Agricultural Efficiency Gains and Trade Liberalization in Sudan Khalid H. A. Siddig and Babiker I. Babiker Working Paper No. 1 (2011) Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of Agriculture, Khartoum University 13314 Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan 1 Agricultural Efficiency Gains and Trade Liberalization in Sudan Khalid H. A. Siddig1 and Babiker I. Babiker2 Abstract The traditional agriculture in Sudan occupies 60% of the total cultivated land and employs 65% of the agricultural population. Nevertheless, it is characterized by its low crop productivity, which is mainly driven by low technical efficiency, while drought and civil conflicts threaten most of its areas countrywide. Therefore, it has contributed only an average of 16% to the total agricultural GDP during the last decade. This paper addresses from an empirical point of view the sectoral and macroeconomic implications of agricultural efficiency improvement in Sudan and assesses the efficiency gains under the assumption of trade liberalization. Efficiency improvement experiments are implemented by augmenting the efficiency parameters of labor, capital, and land in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework. The CGE model of the study relies on the newly produced Sudanese Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), which provides data on 10 agricultural sectors, 10 industrial sectors and 13 service sectors. Results show that improving the agricultural efficiency would lead to improvements in GDP, welfare level, and trade balance. In addition it would also improve the output and competitiveness of the Sudanese agricultural exports and increase their strength to face the challenges of liberalization. 1Corresponding author: Assistant Professor: University of Khartoum, Sudan and Postdoctoral Fellow: Agricultural and Food Policy Group, Hohenheim University, Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Humanitarian Overview 2020 and Who Regularly Report to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS)
    UNITED NATIONS-COORDINATED SUPPORT TO PEOPLE AFFECTED BY DISASTER AND CONFLICT Acknowledgements This publication was produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in collaboration with humanitarian partners across the world. OCHA thanks all organizations, partners and donors who contributed to the Global Humanitarian Overview 2020 and who regularly report to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS). Updated on 10 December 2019. Data sources Information on civilians in conflict is from the Report of the Secretary-General on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (S/2019/373). Figures on children in conflict are from the Report of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict 2018 (A/73/907–S/2019/509). Figures for undernourishment are from FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO, The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 (note the figures quoted in the GHO 2019 have since been revised). Figures on acute food insecurity are from the Food Security Information Network, 2019 Global Food Crises Report. Figures on refugees are from UNHCR, Global Trends: Forced Displacement 2018. Figures on internal displacement are from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre: Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019. Data on children is from UNICEF: http://data.unicef.org. Data on infectious diseases are from WHO. Data on HIV/AIDS are from UNAIDS, UNAIDS Data 2019. The principal source of financial data for this publication is OCHA’s Financial Tracking Service (FTS) fts.unocha.org. Figures for 2019 represent reported contributions as of 13 November 2019. Other sources include: UNHCR data.unhcr.org, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) unocha.org/cerf and OCHA’s Country-Based Pooled Funds (CBPFs) Business Intelligence pfbi.unocha.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan Humanitarian Fund 2020 Annual Report 2
    SUDAN HUMANITARIAN FUND 2020 ANNUAL REPORT 2 THE SHF THANKS OUR DONORS FOR THEIR GENEROUS SUPPORT IN 2020 MEMBER STATES CANADA DENMARK ESTONIA GERMANY IRELAND ITALY KOREA (REPUBLIC OF) NETHERLANDS NORWAY SWEDEN SWITZERLAND UNITED KINGDOM CREDITS This document was produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Sudan. OCHA Sudan wishes to acknowledge the contributions of its committed staff at headquarters and in the field in preparing this document. The latest version of this document is available on the SHF website at www.unocha.org/Sudan/SHF. Full project details, financial updates, real-time allocation data and indicator achievements against targets are available at gms.unocha. org/bi. For additional information, please contact: Sudan Humanitarian Fund [email protected] Front Cover A group of displaced people following proceedings in a meeting to brief the Director of OCHA Operations and Advocacy Division (OAD), Ms Reena Ghelani, on assistance provided to internally displaced people in the area. She toured West Darfur in October 2020. Credit: Snoopy/OCHA The designations employed and the presentation of material on this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Financial data is provisional and may vary upon financial certification 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 FOREWORD 6 2020
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan IDDRSI Progress Report 12Th IDDRSI PSC Meeting
    Twelfth Steering Committee Meeting of the Regional Platform on IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI) Sudan Progress Report March 2021 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………….……………….…….2 Executive Summary..............................................................................................3 Introduction..........................................................................................................4 Progress of Implementation of the Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI) since last PSC Meeting...............................................................5 Update on Progress of programs and Projects……..….............................................5 Updates on the Implementation of11thSteering CommitteeRecommendations………………………………………………....... ...............11 Challenges and Lessons Learnt - Operational Challenges and their solutions…...15 Recommendations……………………………………….......................16 2 1. Executive Summary This report assesses the progress made in implementing the Sudan’s IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI) since the Eleventh Steering Committee Meeting of the Regional Platform. The report reviews updates of projects at national and state levels and looks into the progress achieved and lessons learned. The report reflects how Sudan understands the negative impact of the COVID-19 crisis and floods on the smallholder. As a result, Sudan responded positively to support the IDDRSI politically
    [Show full text]
  • Dsa270.Pdf (‎2.490Mb)
    The Work of WHO in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Annual Report of the Regional Director 1 January–31 December 2004 World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean 1 Cairo 2005 WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean The work of WHO in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: annual report of the Regional Director, 1 January–31 December 2004/WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean p. ISBN 97-892-9021-452-6 ISSN 1020-9166 1. Regional Health Planning I. Title [NLM Classification: WA 540] Photographic acknowledgements: Tonia Rifaey, Kaveh Kazemi, Reuters, WHO Representative’s Offices of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Sudan, Regional Office photographic archive The full text of this publication can also be found on www.emro.who.int © World Health Organization 2005 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Organic Agriculture in Sudan
    Sudan experience in biosafety Muna Mahjoub Mohamed Ahmed Sudan`s natural resources Agriculture Traditional farming is the dominant form of agricultural production in Sudan. In the rain-fed sector no agrochemicals or organic fertilizers are used. Flood irrigated areas like Toker, Gash and others are strongly recommended as organic farming areas. The large agricultural irrigated schemes use chemical fertilizers and pesticides with crop rotation , but, they are still suboptimal, Mukhtar et.al,(2001). Continuous monoculture of sorghum, and or sesame has depleted thousands of hectares and subjected them to noxious and parasitic weeds. Sudan national revenue of some agricultural export products (1999-2000) No Products Revenue sold as Revenue sold as Revenue Increase Conventional* Organic 79%** Difference (US$1000) (US$ 1000) (US$ 1000) 1 Gum Arabic 16042 28715.2 12673.2 2 Talh gum 2340 4188.2 1848.6 3 Sesame 146920 262986.8 116066.8 4 Groundnuts 5421 9703.6 4282.59 5 Kerkade 17987 32196.7 14209.7 6 Watermelon seed 12608 22568.3 9960.3 7 Cassia senna 788 1410.5 622.5 8 Hinna 636 1138.4 502.4 9 Sorghum 10112 18100.5 7988.5 10 Vegetables 07 12.5 5.5 11 Fruits 3450 6175.5 2725.5 12 Loban gum 312 558.5 246.5 13 Sheep 60555 108393.5 47838.5 14 Goats 338 605 267 15 Cattle 161 288.2 127.2 16 Camels 5324 9530 4206 17 Antelopes 084 150.4 66.4 18 Red meats 17677 31642 13965 19 Fish 179 320.4 141.4 20 Gum Arabic powder 4776 8549 3773 Total 305717 547233.6 241516.6 (*) Actually sold as conventional foods.
    [Show full text]
  • COMPOUNDING CRISES Will COVID-19 and Lower Oil Prices Lead to a New Development Paradigm in the Arab Region?
    COMPOUNDING CRISES Will COVID-19 and Lower Oil Prices Lead to a New Development Paradigm in the Arab Region? United Nations Development Programme chapter 01 1 United Nations Development Programme COMPOUNDING CRISES Will COVID-19 and Lower Oil Prices Lead to a New Development Paradigm in the Arab Region? Copyright ©UNDP 2020 All rights reserved One United Nations Plaza, NEW YORK, NY10017, USA 2 COMPOUNDING CRISES Will COVID-19 and Lower Oil Prices Lead to a New Development Paradigm in the Arab Region? UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality, and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. Learn more at undp.org or follow at @UNDP The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or the UN Member States. Photo credit: ©iStock.com 3 Content List of Acronyms 2 Country Group Breakdown 3 Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 7 Executive Summary 9 1. The pandemic: Challenges in the Arab Region 17 2. Macroeconomic Aspects 29 3. Sector-Based Transmission Channels: Tourism and Construction 53 4. Impacts on Migrants and Remittances 67 5. Impacts on Labour Markets 79 6. Impacts on MSMEs 95 7. Impacts on Poverty and Food Security 107 8. Gendered Impacts and Responses 119 9. The Social Protection Response 131 10. Climate Change, Sustainable Energy and the Environment 145 11. A New Development
    [Show full text]
  • The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: an Economy-Wide General Equilibrium Assessment
    Agricultural Economics Working Paper Series, Khartoum University. Working Paper No. 2 (2011) Agricultural Economics Working Paper Series The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: An Economy-wide General Equilibrium Assessment Khalid H. A. Siddig Working Paper No. 2 (2011) Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of Agriculture, Khartoum University 13314 Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan 1 Agricultural Economics Working Paper Series, Khartoum University. Working Paper No. 2 (2011) The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: An Economy-wide General Equilibrium Assessment Khalid H. A. Siddig1 Abstract The international Monitory Fund (IMF) has been working with Sudan since 1997 to implement macroeconomic reforms including a managed float of the exchange rate (EXR). The IMF sees the EXR flexibility as key to safeguard and rebuild foreign exchange reserves and essential to meet the international reserve target in Sudan. However, the authorities in Sudan are concerned that greater exchange rate flexibility could contribute to inflationary pressures. In addition, a review of literature focusing on the exchange rate policies in Sudan reflects huge ambiguity about its outcome. This calls for additional empirical investigations that provide economy wide assessments of the various possible scenarios that could be adopted in the Sudanese context. Accordingly, the current paper applies an economy-wide impact assessment tool to investigate the possible effects of devaluating the overvalued (according to the IMF, 2009) Sudanese pound. Namely, it uses a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model together with its detailed database of Sudan to simulate the Sudanese pound to depreciate according to three different scenarios by 5%, 10%, and 15%. Results of the paper recommend that the additional flexibility in the Sudanese EXR regime suggested by the IMF should be carefully considered if that would lead the value of the Sudanese currency to be devalued.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Sudan's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture
    COUNTRY REPORTS THE STATE OF SUDAN’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE This country report has been prepared by the national authorities as a contribution to the FAO publication, The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. The report is being made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as requested by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the content of this document is entirely the responsibility of the authors, and does not necessarily represent the views of FAO, or its Members. The designations employed and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. FOREWORD Sudan is a part to the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the only intergovernmental forum which deals with whole range of genetic resources for food and agriculture. The importance of the genetic resources for food and agriculture stems from the fact that it is building block of biodiversity. It is realized that biodiversity provides the basis for livelihood and sustainable social and economic development; and safe ecological safety and food security.
    [Show full text]
  • Nile Water and Agriculture: Past Present and Future
    :he need tor a much better under­ ld productive development of Nile e realization of the need for coop­ 2 lificant progress in this regard. An las, and is, given to water and agri­ eeds to be better consideration for Nile water and agriculture institutions involved in water and man and institutional capacity to Past, present and future Karen Conniff, David Molden, Don Peden and Seleshi B. Awulachew ie, and Source of livelihood of the :ient attentions and investment in momic growth, food security and the NBI programmes. ;Vater availability for food produc­ Key messages Jeneficial' water to managed land has been a dominant feature of Nile Basin countries for centuries. Irrigated expansion over the last hundred years, often driven by foreign powers, has 1 expansion.There is ample scope Lake Nasser. Further addition in caused change in the use of the Nile water, and continues to be a major intlu­ >peration and integrated manage­ ence on the decisions around the Nile River use today. • Use of Nile River water is a cause for transboundary cooperation and conflict. More than ty gains, fisheries and small-scale ever, the Nile Basin countries teel the pressure of expanding population requirements for food production and energy to develop their economies. However, historical treaties and , improve productivity and Sif,'l1if... nr~,rhr,>< continue to significantly shape directions of future Nile water use. 1e landscape is high and can be • Power development is changing the Nile River. Many dams are planned and several are under construction. The dam projects will have direct consequences for local populations lensive agreement and the Nile and governments as they negotiate for water resources, land and power.
    [Show full text]
  • PLAN of ACTION (2015-2019): Resilient Livelihoods for Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition
    FAO Representation in Sudan Government of the Republic of Sudan: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rangelands Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Physical Development Country Programming Framework for Sudan PLAN OF ACTION (2015-2019): Resilient Livelihoods for Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition FAO Representation in Sudan Government of the Republic of Sudan: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rangelands Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Physical Development Country Programming Framework for Sudan PLAN OF ACTION (2015-2019): Resilient Livelihoods for Sustainable Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition Khartoum January 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. CHALLENGES TO FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SUDAN 5 2.1 Socio-economic Context 7 2.1.1 Economic Background 7 2.1.2 Rural Poverty 8 2.1.3 Food Security 8 2.2 Sectoral Context 9 2.3 Hazards and Stresses to Crops, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry Production 11 2.4 Status of the Agriculture Sector 15 2.4.1 Current Strengths and Weaknesses 15 2.4.2 Potential Opportunities and Threats 16 2.5 Climate Change 17 2.6 Humanitarian Context 18 3. AGRICULTURAL POLICY, STRATEGY AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT OF SUDAN 19 3.1 National Institutional Setting 21 3.2 Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers I and II (2011-2016) 21 3.3 Second Five-Year Development Plan (2012-2016) 22 3.4
    [Show full text]