DOCSLIB.ORG

UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Casting an Ecclesiastical Prince: Portrait Medals of Pope Julius II Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fq6j2zs Author Fishburne, James Eynon Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Casting an Ecclesiastical Prince: Portrait Medals of Pope Julius II A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Art History by James Eynon Fishburne 2014 © Copyright by James Eynon Fishburne 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Casting an Ecclesiastical Prince: Portrait Medals of Pope Julius II by James Eynon Fishburne Doctor of Philosophy in Art History University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Joanna Woods-Marsden, Chair The portrait medal was arguably the preeminent humanist genre in the Renaissance, yet the medallic commissions of one of the era’s most important patrons remain largely unexplored. Pope Julius II Della Rovere (born 1445, reigned 1503-13) commissioned more than two dozen medals, the earliest of which date from his cardinalate. Using semiotics and social art history, I place the medals in their appropriate political and art historical contexts while investigating the various sign systems employed in these complex works of art. Portrait medals are double-sided objects inspired by ancient Roman coins. They allowed patrons to fashion personae using words and images with references to antiquity and princely authority. The reproducible format was distributed to nobles and diplomats, often with propagandistic intentions. Ruling during an exceptionally turbulent period in which the papacy was threatened by internal and external forces, Julius and his advisors shrewdly exploited portrait medals in order to project an image of strength and reassert Petrine authority. ii As the temporal ruler of the Papal States and spiritual leader of Western Christianity, the pontiff was unlike any other sovereign figure in Europe. The unique nature of the position, which encompassed both secular and ecclesiastical roles, was reflected in the medals’ inscriptions and iconography. I examine how the medals were used to construct various personae for the controversial cleric who spent much of his pontificate at war. The works of art combined biblical and classical content, thereby presenting the pontiff with a balance of piety and imperial strength. I argue that some medals cast Julius as a pastoral and priestly figure, while others compared him, both implicitly and explicitly, to the emperors of ancient Rome. A thorough study of the medals will provide a greater understanding of the pope’s endeavors, including his attempted reorganization of Roman government, the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica, and the battle for control over the Papal States. iii The dissertation of James Eynon Fishburne is approved. Peter Stacey Charlene Villaseñor Black Robert Gurval Joanna Woods-Marsden, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2014 iv For Professor Joanna Woods-Marsden v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ xvi VITA ............................................................................................................................................................................. xix INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 I. SETTING THE STAGE: THE PATRONAGE OF POPE JULIUS II AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF HIS MEDALS ......................................................................................................... 14 II. THE PERSONAE OF POPE JULIUS II ................................................................................................ 65 III. FORGING AND EMPIRE: ARCHITECTURAL MEDALS OF POPE JULIUS II ..................... 120 IV. TEXT AND IMAGE: AN IMPERFECT UNION .............................................................................. 161 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................................... 197 APPENDIX: TWO ARTISTS, ONE MEDAL ................................................................................................... 200 FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................................. 205 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................................... 270 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Number Page 1 Caradosso Foppa, Pope Julius II (reverse: St. Peter’s Basilica), 1506, 205 cast bronze, 57 mm diameter, British Museum, London. 2 Pisanello, Emperor John VIII Palaeologus, 1438-1439, cast bronze, 205 102 mm diameter, British Museum, London. 3 Roman Sesterius, AD 74, bronze, 32 mm diameter, 26.16 g, 206 American Numismatic Society, New York. 4 Andrea Guacialoti, Pope Nicholas V, 1455, cast bronze, 78 mm 206 diameter, Vatican Medagliere. 5 Hegesandros, Athenodoros, and Polydoros of Rhodes, The Laocoön, 207 c. First century BC, rediscovered on Esquiline Hill in 1506, Vatican Museums. 6 Pinturicchio, Music, Borgia Apartments, 1492-94, fresco, Vatican 207 Palace. 7 Raphael, Stanza della Segnatura (view of School of Athens and 208 Poetry), 1508-11, fresco, Vatican Palace. 8 Raphael, Stanza della Segnatura (view of Disputa and Law), 1508- 208 11, fresco, Vatican Palace. 9 Raphael, Theology (Disputa), 1508-11, fresco, Vatican Palace. 209 10 Raphael, Philosophy (School of Athens), 1508-11, fresco, Vatican 209 Palace. 11 Raphael, Law (Justice), 1508-11, fresco, Vatican Palace. 210 12 Raphael, Poetry (Parnassus), 1508-11, fresco, Vatican Palace. 210 13 Raphael, Stanza di Eliodoro (view of The Expulsion of Heliodorus 211 and The Mass of Bolsena), 1512-14, fresco, Vatican Palace. 14 Raphael, Stanza di Eliodoro (view of The Repulse of Attila and The 211 Liberation of St. Peter), 1512-14, fresco, Vatican Palace. 15 Raphael, The Liberation of St. Peter, 1512-14, fresco, Vatican 212 Palace. vii 16 Raphael, The Expulsion of Heliodorus, 1512-14, fresco, Vatican 212 Palace. 17 Raphael, The Mass of Bolsena, 1512-14, fresco, Vatican Palace. 213 18 Hartt’s Reconstruction of 1505 design of Michelangelo’s Tomb of 213 Pope Julius II. 19 Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, 1508-1512, fresco, Vatican. 214 20 Sandro Botticelli and assistants, Gallery of Popes (detail), 1482-83, 214 fresco, Vatican (Sistine Chapel). 21 Diagram of Sistine Chapel ceiling showing locations of figures. 215 22 Michelangelo, Ignudo, 1508-1512, fresco, Vatican (Sistine Chapel). 215 23 Della Rovere Stemma, stucco, 1511, Stanza della Segnatura. 216 24 Giovanni Antonio Dosio, View of the Cortile del Belvedere from the 216 Vatican Palace, pen and brown ink with traces of black chalk on paper, 1558-61, Uffizi 2559A, Florence. 25 Donato Bramante, St. Peter’s Basilica (floor plan), c. 1506, Vatican. 217 26 Apollonius of Athens, Belvedere Torso, First century BC, Vatican 217 Museums. 27 Pantheon (cross section), 123-125 AD, Rome. 218 28 Unknown artist from Roman school, Cardinal Giuliano Della Rovere 218 (reverse: Fortress of Ostia), February-November 1483, cast bronze, 34 mm diameter, Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence. 29 Unknown artist from Roman School, Pope Sixtus IV (reverse: 219 Fortress of Ostia), February-November 1483, cast bronze, 39 mm diameter, Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence. 30 Sperandio of Mantua, Cardinal Giuliano Della Rovere (reverse: ship 219 with allegorical figures), c. 1488, cast bronze, 76 mm diameter, Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence. 31 Giovanni Candida, Cardinal Giuliano Della Rovere (reverse: 220 Clemente Della Rovere), March 1495, cast bronze, 62 mm diameter, National Gallery of Art, Washington. viii 32 Unknown artist from Roman School, Cardinal Pietro Barbo, c. 1455, 220 cast bronze, 34 mm diameter, British Museum, London. 33 Unknown artist from Roman School, Cardinal Pietro Barbo, c. 1455, 221 cast bronze, 34 mm diameter, British Museum, London. 34 Adriano Fiorentino (attributed), Cardinal Raffaele Riario, c. 1483, 221 cast bronze, 80 mm diameter, British Museum, London. 35 Lysippus the Younger (attributed), Cardinal Raffaele Riario, 1478, 222 cast bronze, 34 mm diameter, British Museum, London. 36 Unknown artist from Ferrarese School, Cardinal Bartolommeo 222 Roverella, c. 1470, cast bronze, 67 mm diameter, British Museum, London. 37 Unknown artist from Ferrarese School, Cardinal Bartolommeo 223 Roverella, c. 1470, cast bronze, 44 mm diameter, British Museum, London. 38 Unknown artist from Roman school, Pope Julius II (reverse: Cortile 223 del Belvedere), c. 1504, cast bronze, 45 mm diameter, British Museum, London. 39 Portrait of Pope Julius II in illuminated manuscript, Vatican, MS. 224 Vat. lat. 1682, fol. gr (Weiss, 33, cat. e). 40 Caradosso Foppa, Pope Julius II (reverse: St. Peter’s Basilica), 1506, 224 cast bronze, 57 mm diameter, National Gallery of Art, Washington. 41 Donato Bramante, Plan for St. Peter’s Basilica, Gabinetto Disegni
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Contratto Di Quartiere “Borgo Pio”
    Venezia, 10-20 novembre 2004 Catalogo della Mostra Comune di Roma Contratto di quartiere “Borgo pio” Il recupero del Passetto e del suo Borgo Il piano-progetto per il recupero urbano dell’intera area di Borgo1 è il risultato di una ricerca sul tema “Analisi di fattibilità del recupero di un monumento: il Passetto di Borgo a Roma” 2. Il programma di riqualificazione generale prodotto dalla ricerca si estende all’intera area del Piano di zona che interessa la civitas Pia e, oltre il Passetto, via della Conciliazione e Borgo Santo Spirito. La proposta generale 1. Ass. Roberto Morassut, direttore Di- partimento VI: dott.sa Virginia Proverbio. ha recepito le esigenze generate dal diffuso degrado del costruito e dalla scarsa vivibilità degli spazi in questa Direttore U.O. n. 6: arch. Gennaro Farina, responsabile del procedimento: arch. “isola” del centro storico ed è avvalorata da un piano di fattibilità sia funzionale che economica. Elide Vagnozzi. Progetto preliminare arch. A. Della Valle, arch D. Fondi, arch. M. Un’area campione, l’isola 19 di Borgo Pio, è stata oggetto di approfondimento con la elaborazione del progetto Alexis, Studio tecnico associato D’Andrea - Manchia, prof. P. Palazzi (cons.). preliminare per un intervento sperimentale di edilizia sovvenzionata inserito nell’ambito del programma di recupero urbano denominato Contratto di quartiere II3. 2. La Ricerca interfacoltà di Ateneo “La Sapienza” è stata svolta negli anni 1994/ Questo progetto, promosso dalle realtà di base operanti nel quartiere, si inserisce in una prima fase di 97. Responsabile della ricerca: prof. P. Palazzi del Dipartimento di Scienze attuazione del Piano di recupero adottato nel 1985 che investe l’area a nord del Passetto.
    [Show full text]
  • Coins and Identity: from Mint to Paradise
    Chapter 13 Coins and Identity: From Mint to Paradise Lucia Travaini Identity of the State: Words and Images on Coins The images and text imprinted with dies transformed disks of metal into coins and guaranteed them. The study of iconography on coins is therefore no less important than that of its other aspects, although each coinage should be studied together with the entire corpus of data and especially with reference where possible to its circulation.1 It may be difficult sometimes to ascertain how coin iconography was originally understood and received, but in most cases it is at least possible to know the idea behind the creation of different types, the choice of a model or of a language, as part of a crucial interaction of identity between the State and its coinage. We shall examine first some ex- amples of the creative phase, before minting took place, and then examples of how a sense of identity between the coins and the people who used them can be documented, concluding with a very peculiar use of coins as proof of identity for security at the entrance of gates of fortresses at Parma and Reggio Emilia in 1409.2 1 St Isidore of Seville stated in his Etymologiae that “in coins three things are necessary: metal, images and weight; if any of these is lacking it is not a coin” (in numismate tria quaeren- tur: metallum, figura et pondus. Si ex his aliquid defuerit nomisma non eriit) (Isidore of Seville, Origenes, Vol. 16, 18.12). For discussion of method, see Elkins and Krmnicek, Art in the Round, and Kemmers and Myrberg, “Rethinking numismatics”.
    [Show full text]
  • Dispacci Da Roma, 19 Gennaio
    Omaggio della Giunta regionale del Veneto Centro Studi Veneziani I curatori del volume esprimono la loro gratitudine al Centro Studi Ve- neziani Donatus, al suo Presidente, Nicolò Donà dalle Rose, appartenen- te allo stesso ramo familiare dell’ambasciatore Girolamo, per aver favori- to la stampa dell’opera, e ad Antonio Foscari Widmann Rezzonico per il costante aiuto. Ringraziano altresì l’Associazione Nobiliare Regionale Veneta per il patrocinio. GIROLAMO DONÀ DISPACCI DA ROMA 19 GENNAIO - 30 AGOSTO 1510 Trascrizione di VIOLA VENTURINI Introduzione di MARINO ZORZI Venezia 2009 Direttore della collana FERIGO FOSCARI Venezia La Malcontenta 2009 Tutti i diritti riservati INDICE INTRODUZIONE, di Marino Zorzi XI REGESTI DEI DISPACCI, a cura di Marino Zorzi LIII I DISPACCI DI GIROLAMO DONÀ. Trascrizione di Viola Venturini NOTA ARCHIVISTICA 3 FONTI ARCHIVISTICHE 5 I DISPACCI 7 INDICI INDICE DEI NOMI DI PERSONA CONTENUTI NEI DISPACCI 417 INDICE DEI NOMI GEOGRAFICI CONTENUTI NEI DISPACCI 427 INDICE DEI DISPACCI NON NUMERATI 434 INTRODUZIONE 1. Girolamo Donà, umanista e uomo di stato I dispacci che qui si pubblicano sono opera di Girolamo Donà, no- bile veneziano, figura di rilievo nella vita politica e culturale del suo tempo. Nacque a Venezia nel 1456, figlio di Antonio e di Lucia Balbi; il padre, uomo politico e diplomatico, era figlio di Andrea e di Camil- la Foscari, figlia del doge Francesco. Il suo ramo è detto « dalle rose », per le tre rose che figurano nell’arma. Si laureò in artibus a Padova nel 1478; come di regola per i patrizi dottori, fu impiegato senza posa dalla Repubblica in missioni diplomatiche all’estero e nel governo di città e terre appartenenti al dominio veneto; tra un incarico e l’altro fe- ce parte degli organi centrali dello stato in posizioni adeguate alla sua cultura e alla sua conoscenza del mondo.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter 2020 I
    NEWSLETTER EMBASSY OF MALAYSIA TO THE HOLY SEE JAN - JUN 2020 | 1ST ISSUE 2020 INSIDE THIS ISSUE • Message from His Excellency Westmoreland Palon • Traditional Exchange of New Year Greetings between the Holy Father and the Diplomatic Corp • Malaysia's contribution towards Albania's recovery efforts following the devastating earthquake in November 2019 • Meeting with Archbishop Ian Ernest, the Archbishop of Canterbury's new Personal Representative to the Holy See & Director of the Anglican Centre in Rome • Visit by Secretary General of the Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources • A Very Warm Welcome to Father George Harrison • Responding to COVID-19 • Pope Called for Joint Prayer to End the Coronavirus • Malaysia’s Diplomatic Equipment Stockpile (MDES) • Repatriation of Malaysian Citizens and their dependents from the Holy See and Italy to Malaysia • A Fond Farewell to Mr Mohd Shaifuddin bin Daud and family • Selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri & Selamat Hari Gawai • Post-Lockdown Gathering with Malaysians at the Holy See Malawakil Holy See 1 Message From His Excellency St. Peter’s Square, once deserted, is slowly coming back to life now that Italy is Westmoreland Palon welcoming visitors from neighbouring countries. t gives me great pleasure to present you the latest edition of the Embassy’s Nonetheless, we still need to be cautious. If Inewsletter for the first half of 2020. It has we all continue to do our part to help flatten certainly been a very challenging year so far the curve and stop the spread of the virus, for everyone. The coronavirus pandemic has we can look forward to a safer and brighter put a halt to many activities with second half of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Renaissance Popes and What They Did Source: Mcbrien, Richard; Lives of the Popes, Harper Collins, San Francisco, 1997
    Renaissance Popes and what they did Source: McBrien, Richard; Lives of the Popes, Harper Collins, San Francisco, 1997. Nicholas V (1447-1455) • The first Renaissance Pope. • His book collection formed the nucleus of the Vatican Library • Was Pope when Constantinople fell • Tried to organize a crusade to retake Constantinople; couldn’t raise the funds Calixtus III (Spanish, 1455-1458) • Tried to finance a fleet to retake Constantinople (Indulgences, taxes, selling Vatican artworks/books) • French and Germans objected to heavy-handed fundraising tactics. • Made two nephews into Cardinals, one of whom became Pope Alexander VI (nepotism) Pius II (1458-1464) • Encouraged arts and literature to thrive • Called for Crusade against the Turks o Met opposition from rulers because of funding concerns o Blamed church councils for his weakness and opposed conciliarism • Went on Crusade anyway and died in transit Paul II (1464-1471) • A true medieval Pope, the only one of this period who was not a humanist • Banned the study of pagan poetry, such as Virgil and Homer • Angered humanists and was one of the least popular Popes in history • Also tried to send a Crusade to Constantinople and also failed Sixtus IV (1471-1484) • Sistine Chapel begun and named after him • Authorized Spanish Inquisition • Made two nephews cardinals, one of whom became Pope Julius II • Wanted a Crusade against Turks but rulers still didn’t really care for it • Drained treasury and approved the sale of indulgences to replenish it • Paid little attention to qualifications when
    [Show full text]
  • Christopher White Table of Contents
    Christopher White Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Peter the “rock”? ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Churches change over time ...................................................................................................................... 6 The Church and her earthly pilgrimage .................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 The Apostle Peter (d. 64?) : First Bishop and Pope of Rome? .................................................. 11 Peter in Rome ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Yes and No .............................................................................................................................................. 13 The death of Peter .................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2 Pope Sylvester (314-335): Constantine’s Pope ......................................................................... 16 Constantine and his imprint .................................................................................................................... 17 “Remembering” Sylvester ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ST. FRANCIS BORGIA August 1, 2021 C ATHOLIC C HURCH
    ST. FRANCIS BORGIA August 1, 2021 C ATHOLIC C HURCH 1375 Covered Bridge Rd., Cedarburg WI ⬧ Office 262-377-1070 ⬧ Fax 262-377-6898 ⬧ www.SaintFrancisBorgia.org Pastor: Fr. Patrick Burns Sunday Masses Saturday at 4:30 p.m. Sunday at 8 a.m. 10 a.m. ad orientem and 6 p.m. Weekday Masses Monday 8 a.m. - South Church Tuesday through Friday 7 a.m. - South Church Thursday Mass is ad orientem Parish office hours Monday through Thursday 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Friday 8:30 a.m. to noon Confessions Sunday 9:15-9:45 a.m. North Church Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri. 11-11:30 a.m. North Church Thursday 5:30-6:30 p.m. North Church Perpetual Eucharistic Adoration South Church (N44W6055 Hamilton Rd.) Public hours for adoration 7 a.m. until 9 p.m. every day The Eucharistic is reposed during daily Mass. Pastoral Council Ed Scherr, Chairperson Bob Shimp, Vice Chairperson Sue Ellen Baye, Secretary John Dorr Angela Foy Chris Frommell Christina Garni Jennie Mulcahy Tim Schilter Fr. Patrick Burns Low-gluten Communion hosts are available for those who are gluten intolerant. Joe Carlson and Joe Schirger, Trustees Please see an usher should you need more information. Learn Your Faith The Week Ahead Did you know that The Vatican has an escape tunnel? There is an 800-meter long corridor connecting Vatican City with NC = North Church (1375 Covered Bridge Rd.) Castel Sant’Angelo. It was built to assist Popes in escaping SC = South Church (N44 W6055 Hamilton Rd.) danger.
    [Show full text]
  • Patronage and Dynasty
    PATRONAGE AND DYNASTY Habent sua fata libelli SIXTEENTH CENTURY ESSAYS & STUDIES SERIES General Editor MICHAEL WOLFE Pennsylvania State University–Altoona EDITORIAL BOARD OF SIXTEENTH CENTURY ESSAYS & STUDIES ELAINE BEILIN HELEN NADER Framingham State College University of Arizona MIRIAM U. CHRISMAN CHARLES G. NAUERT University of Massachusetts, Emerita University of Missouri, Emeritus BARBARA B. DIEFENDORF MAX REINHART Boston University University of Georgia PAULA FINDLEN SHERYL E. REISS Stanford University Cornell University SCOTT H. HENDRIX ROBERT V. SCHNUCKER Princeton Theological Seminary Truman State University, Emeritus JANE CAMPBELL HUTCHISON NICHOLAS TERPSTRA University of Wisconsin–Madison University of Toronto ROBERT M. KINGDON MARGO TODD University of Wisconsin, Emeritus University of Pennsylvania MARY B. MCKINLEY MERRY WIESNER-HANKS University of Virginia University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Copyright 2007 by Truman State University Press, Kirksville, Missouri All rights reserved. Published 2007. Sixteenth Century Essays & Studies Series, volume 77 tsup.truman.edu Cover illustration: Melozzo da Forlì, The Founding of the Vatican Library: Sixtus IV and Members of His Family with Bartolomeo Platina, 1477–78. Formerly in the Vatican Library, now Vatican City, Pinacoteca Vaticana. Photo courtesy of the Pinacoteca Vaticana. Cover and title page design: Shaun Hoffeditz Type: Perpetua, Adobe Systems Inc, The Monotype Corp. Printed by Thomson-Shore, Dexter, Michigan USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Patronage and dynasty : the rise of the della Rovere in Renaissance Italy / edited by Ian F. Verstegen. p. cm. — (Sixteenth century essays & studies ; v. 77) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-931112-60-4 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-931112-60-6 (alk. paper) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY ·Op the POPES
    THE HISTORY ·op THE POPES, FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES . DRAWN FROM THE SECRET ARCHIVES OF THE VATICAN AND O,THER ORIGINAL SOURCES. FROM TH~ GERMAN OF DR . LUDWIG PASTOR, PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF lNNSBRUCJt. IDITFI\ BY FREDERICK IGNATIUS ANTROBUS OF THE ORATORY. FIFTH. EDITION. VOLUME iV. LONDON ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL LTD BROADWAY HO USE: 6&-74 CARTER.LANE, E.C+ ST. LOUIS, MO.: B. HERDER BOOK CO. 15 & 17 SOUTH ' BRO~WA-Y°: : - 1949 ·. "i . .. .. · .. ' .i:.. : :. '. : •.: .. i.,_, ' : '. , . I '. ' (. • JI . :. .. :! '... ·. ;. ~ .: • • ,J J II ...... I I) ••• .! ~· .! ' • . ·:: . : . ' . ·.... : . " :~ . ' - . • •I ... HIS.TORY OF THE· POPES. VOL. IV. CONTENTS OF VOL. IV. PAGE Table of Contents vii-xxii List of Unpublished Docume1ns in Appendix , xxiii-xxv BOOK I. PAUt. II., l464-1471. Election of 'Paul II. .. 3-35 Paul Ii. and the Renaissance 36-78 The War against the Turks . .. '79-91 Europ~n Policy of Paul 11.-Reforms 92-118 The New Cardinals. The Church Questions in Bohemia 119-147 Paul 11.'s·care for the States of the Church 148-173 Death of Paul II. · 174- 194 . BOOK II. S1xros IV., 1471-1484. Election of Sixtus IV. Rise of the Rovere and Riario families . 231-255 The King of Denmark in Rome . 256-272 The Jubilee "X ear 273-287 Beginning of the Rupture with Lorenzo de' Medici 288-299 The Conspiracy of the Pazzi 300-3rz The Tuscan War 313-330 The Turkish War 331-347 A\lia.nce between the Pope and Venice . 348- 371 The Pope's Struggle with Venice. Death of Sixtus IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Cna85b2317313.Pdf
    THE PAINTERS OF THE SCHOOL OF FERRARA BY EDMUND G. .GARDNER, M.A. AUTHOR OF "DUKES AND POETS IN FERRARA" "SAINT CATHERINE OF SIENA" ETC LONDON : DUCKWORTH AND CO. NEW YORK : CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS I DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO FRANK ROOKE LEY PREFACE Itf the following pages I have attempted to give a brief account of the famous school of painting that originated in Ferrara about the middle of the fifteenth century, and thence not only extended its influence to the other cities that owned the sway of the House of Este, but spread over all Emilia and Romagna, produced Correggio in Parma, and even shared in the making of Raphael at Urbino. Correggio himself is not included : he is too great a figure in Italian art to be treated as merely the member of a local school ; and he has already been the subject of a separate monograph in this series. The classical volumes of Girolamo Baruffaldi are still indispensable to the student of the artistic history of Ferrara. It was, however, Morelli who first revealed the importance and significance of the Perrarese school in the evolution of Italian art ; and, although a few of his conclusions and conjectures have to be abandoned or modified in the light of later researches and dis- coveries, his work must ever remain our starting-point. vii viii PREFACE The indefatigable researches of Signor Adolfo Venturi have covered almost every phase of the subject, and it would be impossible for any writer now treating of Perrarese painting to overstate the debt that he must inevitably owe to him.
    [Show full text]
  • Donato Bramante 1 Donato Bramante
    Donato Bramante 1 Donato Bramante Donato Bramante Donato Bramante Birth name Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio Born 1444Fermignano, Italy Died 11 April 1514 (Aged about 70)Rome Nationality Italian Field Architecture, Painting Movement High Renaissance Works San Pietro in Montorio Christ at the column Donato Bramante (1444 – 11 March 1514) was an Italian architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his most famous design was St. Peter's Basilica. Urbino and Milan Bramante was born in Monte Asdrualdo (now Fermignano), under name Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio, near Urbino: here, in 1467 Luciano Laurana was adding to the Palazzo Ducale an arcaded courtyard and other features that seemed to have the true ring of a reborn antiquity to Federico da Montefeltro's ducal palace. Bramante's architecture has eclipsed his painting skills: he knew the painters Melozzo da Forlì and Piero della Francesca well, who were interested in the rules of perspective and illusionistic features in Mantegna's painting. Around 1474, Bramante moved to Milan, a city with a deep Gothic architectural tradition, and built several churches in the new Antique style. The Duke, Ludovico Sforza, made him virtually his court architect, beginning in 1476, with commissions that culminated in the famous trompe-l'oeil choir of the church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro (1482–1486). Space was limited, and Bramante made a theatrical apse in bas-relief, combining the painterly arts of perspective with Roman details. There is an octagonal sacristy, surmounted by a dome. In Milan, Bramante also built the tribune of Santa Maria delle Grazie (1492–99); other early works include the cloisters of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan (1497–1498), and some other constructions in Pavia and possibly Legnano.
    [Show full text]
  • Grabmalskultur Und Soziale Strategien Im Frühneuzeitlichen Rom Am Beispiel Der Familie Papst Urbans VIII
    Grabmalskultur und soziale Strategien im frühneuzeitlichen Rom am Beispiel der Familie Papst Urbans VIII. Barberini Autor(en): Köchli, Ulrich Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Zeitschrift für schweizerische Kirchengeschichte = Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique suisse Band (Jahr): 97 (2003) PDF erstellt am: 11.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-130330 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Grabmalskultur und soziale Strategien im frühneuzeitlichen Rom am Beispiel der Familie Papst Urbans Vili. Barberini Ulrich Köchli Wer je die römische Petersbasilika mit offenen Augen durchmessen hat, dem werden die zahlreichen, zum Teil monumentalen Grablegen vergangener Päpste in Erinnerung geblieben sein.
    [Show full text]