Senate the Senate Met at 10 A.M

E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 115 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 164 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 2018 No. 23 Senate The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY TAX REFORM called to order by the President pro LEADER Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, we tempore (Mr. HATCH). The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- have been talking for weeks about the f jority leader is recognized. millions of Americans who are already f benefiting from tax reform. Already, PRAYER millions of workers have received a tax The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- FUNDING OUR MILITARY reform bonus, pay increase, or other benefit. fered the following prayer: Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, we Let us pray. are one day closer to Thursday’s gov- I understand that a $1,000, $2,000, or Eternal God, we fix our minds on ernment funding deadline. I am pleased $3,000 bonus might not seem like much You, the Author and Perfector of our to report that our bipartisan talks are to our colleagues from New York or faith. Remind our lawmakers that a continuing to progress toward an San Francisco. I understand why peo- Heavenly focus brings joy. Give them agreement on spending caps and impor- ple who are already very wealthy the wisdom to see that those who have tant priorities all of us are eager to ad- might agree with my friends the House done the most good in this present dress. But as we continue the negotia- and Senate Democratic leaders who world often have thought most about tions, we have the opportunity to make said these bonuses and benefits are the world to come. May our Senators real progress with an immediate step merely ‘‘crumbs.’’ But, look, I can as- permit the diligent focus of their that every Senator in the Chamber sure them that the working families I hearts on Heaven to preserve the vigor should support; that is, passing a fiscal represent do not see a permanent raise of their work on Earth. May Your year 2018 Defense appropriations bill. or a multithousand-dollar bonus as a Kingdom come, may Your will be done We can vote to remove the uncer- crumb to sweep off the table. In mil- on Earth even as it is done in Heaven. tainty that is hanging over our Armed lions of households, thanks to tax re- We pray in Your strong Name. Amen. Forces and secure the current year form, paying the bills has already gotten a little less painful and planning f funding that our servicemembers deserve. Funding cuts have fallen dis- for the future has already gotten a lit- PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE proportionately on our men and women tle easier. And this is just the begin- The President pro tempore led the in uniform. Current funding levels are ning. Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: not adequate to support Secretary Soon, millions and millions more Americans will see the impact of tax I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the Mattis’s new national defense strategy, United States of America, and to the Repub- and our military leaders have made reform in their paychecks. IRS with- lic for which it stands, one nation under God, clear that short-term continuing reso- holding is going down, take-home pay indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. lutions are hardly the optimal way for is going up, and families everywhere Congress to fund our warfighters. will be keeping more of their hard- f Senators on both sides of the aisle earned money. This is great news for RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME say they agree that our warfighters de- middle-class Americans. So why are serve sufficient, stable funding to ful- our Democratic friends afraid to ac- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. fill the missions and tasks their coun- knowledge it? The reason is simple. SASSE). Under the previous order, the try assigns them. Today, each of us Every single one of them voted against leadership time is reserved. will have a chance to back that up with tax reform. f our vote. The Senate will take up a Every Democrat in the House and in noncontroversial measure that passed the Senate voted against these new MORNING BUSINESS the House with a comfortable bipar- benefits for American workers. Every The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under tisan majority. It presents an oppor- one of them voted against a pay raise the previous order, the Senate will be tunity for us to unite and give our all- for the 90 percent of American workers in a period of morning business, with volunteer military a full fiscal year of who, according to a Treasury Depart- Senators permitted to speak therein, funding while we finalize our talks on ment estimate, are about to see their with the time until 12 noon equally di- other subjects. take-home pay go up. I don’t envy vided between the two leaders or their We should seize the opportunity and their position. I don’t envy having to designees. not delay any longer securing current- explain why they voted to keep more If no one yields time, the time will be year funding for the men and women money in Washington rather than give charged equally. who bravely keep us safe. their constituents a raise.

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.000 S06FEPT1 S618 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 Tax reform bonuses and more take- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The wealthy and the big corporations, and home pay aren’t the only ways tax re- clerk will read the bills by title for the the middle class will benefit. We don’t form will help American workers. The second time en bloc. believe that. We would rather give the law also includes a creative new solu- The senior assistant legislative clerk money directly to the middle class and tion to directly help the communities read as follows: be sure they are getting the benefit. that are struggling the most. We all A bill (H.R. 1551) to amend the Internal f know that too few new jobs were cre- Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the credit for ated during the Obama years. Through production from advanced nuclear power fa- FUNDING THE GOVERNMENT heavy taxing and excessive regulation, cilities. Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, as we Washington had its foot on the brake A bill (H.R. 2372) to amend the Internal continue discussions about another ex- of the U.S. economy. Job creation and Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify the rules re- tension of government funding, Senate wage growth were weaker than they lating to veteran health insurance and eligi- negotiators are working on a deal to bility for the premium tax credit. should have been, but another aspect of A bill (H.R. 2579) to amend the Internal lift the spending caps for both defense this often goes overlooked. Revenue Code of 1986 to allow the premium and urgent domestic priorities. Of the new jobs that were created tax credit with respect to unsubsidized From the very beginning of the budg- from 2010 to 2016, according to one esti- COBRA continuation coverage. et debate, Democrats have made our mate, three-quarters went to major Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, in position in these negotiations very metropolitan areas. Let me say that order to place the bills on the calendar clear. We support an increase in fund- again. Of the new jobs that were cre- under the provisions of rule XIV, I ob- ing for our military and our middle ated between 2010 and 2016, three-quar- ject to further proceedings en bloc. class. The two are not mutually exclu- ters went to major metropolitan areas. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- sive. We don’t want to do just one and Only 3 percent of those new jobs went tion having been heard, the bills will be leave the other behind. The sequester to rural America. Across the Nation— placed on the calendar. caps have arbitrarily imposed austerity including my home State of Kentucky, on both sides of the ledger, defense and particularly in Eastern Kentucky— f the nondefense programs that benefit many rural areas, small cities, and sub- RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY middle-class people, such as education, urbs were left behind in the Obama LEADER infrastructure, and medical research. economy. It is time to change that. The caps have hamstrung the Penta- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The That is why my colleague the junior gon’s ability to make reliable invest- Democratic leader is recognized. Senator from South Carolina made ments, no doubt, but they have also cut sure that tax reform included a provi- f support harshly and unintelligently sion to create ‘‘opportunity zones’’ REPUBLICAN TAX BILL from middle-class programs. across the United States. My Repub- We ought to get out from sequestra- lican colleagues and I were proud to Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, here tion entirely because our men and support this policy. It allows State is just a brief note on taxes in answer women in uniform deserve the re- Governors to designate economically to what my friend the Republican lead- sources they need to keep our country depressed areas for special tax incen- er has said. The reason that 48 Demo- safe—as do our veterans waiting for tives that will make them more attrac- crats voted against the bill and the better healthcare; as do young men and tive places to invest and create jobs. It reason that at this point, despite huge women, many of them veterans, seek- will empower communities that have amounts of ads paid for by the wealthi- ing treatment for opioid addiction; as been passed over time and again to put est of Americans, the bill is still undo rural families waiting for high-speed up, in effect, big neon signs that say: popular with the American people is internet to connect themselves and ‘‘We are open for business.’’ It will help very simple: The vast majority of the their kids to the world; as do hard- these struggling communities reach breaks go to the very wealthy and to working pensioners who forewent sal- their full potential. big, powerful corporations and their ary increases and bonuses to secure a This Congress is determined to re- lobbyists. That is who wins on this bill pension that is now evaporating before ignite an economy that works for ev- more than anybody else. their very eyes. eryone. That is why tax reform lets If a bill focused on the middle class That is why Democrats have pushed families across the country keep more gave 80 percent of the breaks to the consistently to increase funding to of what they earn. That is why tax re- middle class, there would be loads of fight the scourge of opioids, to improve form makes America a more attractive Democrats voting for it. We are happy veterans healthcare, to build rural in- place to create jobs, and it gives our that there are a lot of wealthy people frastructure, to shore up pensions, and businesses a fairer fight with foreign in America. God bless them. They don’t to deal with childcare. These are the competitors. That is why tax reform need the huge tax break—the dis- includes this ‘‘opportunity zones’’ pro- kinds of things we are pushing for in proportionate tax break that our Re- addition to, not to the exclusion of, in- vision, which will help deliver targeted publican friends gave them. That is relief to communities that need it the creasing defense. why the bill is unpopular. Some of our Republican colleagues, most. Again, people like the Koch brothers To most Americans, all this sounds particularly in the House, think that and the thousand very, very wealthy— like common sense. Republicans in only defense should get the help it Congress thought so too. We came to- many of them so greedy—billionaires needs, not the middle class. We Demo- gether to deliver these historic who don’t want to pay any taxes put crats have stood against that for years achievements for the American people. all of these ads on TV and have a whole and will continue to stand against it. It is too bad that not one single Demo- propaganda machine. They still can’t House Republicans continue march- crat got on board with any of this. convince the American people. ing down a very partisan road, pro- But at least the bigger paychecks, Our Republican colleagues are afraid posing a CRomnibus that will raise de- new bonuses, and new investments will to talk about what they really mean in fense spending but leave everything continue to roll in, and our constitu- the tax bill—trickle-down economics. else behind. As I have said many times ents know exactly who stood up for When they talk among themselves, before, a CRomnibus will not pass the them. they say: Give the wealthy a lot of Senate. money, give the big corporations a lot Speaker RYAN and House Republicans f of money, and everyone will do fine. keep running into the same brick wall. MEASURES PLACED ON THE CAL- They don’t have an honest debate on When will House Republicans learn ENDAR—H.R. 1551, H.R. 2372, and this because they are afraid to say it. that they must chart a bipartisan H.R. 2579 So they act like they aim most of this course to get a bill through the Sen- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I at the middle class. ate? I don’t think a single Democrat— understand that there are three bills at The only way this is aimed at the that I am aware of, at least—has been the desk due for a second reading en middle class is trickle down: Give the consulted on the Republican bill. It is bloc. money disproportionately to the done because Speaker RYAN is in a

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.002 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S619 pickle. How is he going to pass a bill to distract from the special counsel’s and made us different—different in a with just Republican votes? It is not investigation. It started with conspir- positive way. They have given life to easy. So they come up with this dis- acies about ‘‘deep state’’ leaks and un- this democracy. They have given hope torted, unfair proposal—unfair to so masking requests, phone taps at Trump when it comes to our future. They have many people in the middle class who Tower, and Uranium One, and now it is inspired us. depend on our help. this memo. They don’t quit with all I will be the first to admit that I do Hopefully, House Republicans will these conspiracy theories, with all not come to this debate without strong change their tune, because even though these ridiculous fomentations. They personal feelings. Like millions of a deal has eluded us for months, nego- don’t quit, perhaps because they are Americans, I am the son of an immi- tiators are now making significant afraid of what a real investigation, grant. In 1911—107 years ago—my progress. The Republican leader and I which Mueller is doing and will con- grandmother came to this country have been working together quite pro- tinue to do, will reveal. with three little kids. One of those kids ductively. Of course, there are still What the American people want to was my mother. She was 2 years old some outstanding issues to be resolved, know are three simple things: One, when their ship landed in Baltimore. but we are closer to an agreement than what did the Russians do to interfere My grandmother didn’t speak a word of we have ever been. in our elections; two, were there Amer- English, but somehow she managed to I would like to express my apprecia- icans involved in helping the Russians; take those three kids and make her tion to the Republican leader, in addi- and three, what are we doing to pre- way to join my grandfather in East St. tion, for his invitation to address the vent the Russians from interfering in Louis, IL. McConnell Center next week in Louis- 2018 and beyond? To that point, Ameri- On the credenza behind my desk in ville, which I have accepted. cans should be much more concerned the Capitol is my mother’s naturaliza- As leaders, the two of us can work to- about this administration’s tepid re- tion certificate. I keep that as a re- gether to get things done around here, sponse to Putin’s interference in our minder of my heritage. That is my and the best opportunity to work to- election than about a memo of Repub- story. That is my family’s story. That gether is the budget. It is an oppor- lican talking points. is America’s story. Because of my fam- tunity not just for us but for our coun- Any other administration, any other ily history, I really believe in immigra- try, not only to escape the terrible President, I believe, would have made tion. I believe it has been a positive damage of sequestration but to con- punishing Putin and protecting our de- force in America. I remember going to Jurbarkas, Lith- demn it to the past, and we should mocracy a primary issue in the first uania, which was a tiny village in 1911, seize that opportunity. term, but this President began his first and being taken on a tour of my mom’s year in office by downplaying Putin’s f birthplace. She never made it back involvement in the 2016 election, and RUSSIA INVESTIGATION there, but I was able to see the church then he repeatedly accepted Putin’s where she was baptized. They pointed Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, now words of denial over the consensus of for a word on the Russia investigation, out the well in the town square which the American intelligence community. people used. I thought to myself what last night the House Intelligence Com- When the administration tried to mittee voted to release the contents of it must have been like that evening wiggle out of existing sanctions when my grandparents called their the Schiff memo. Now that the House against Russia, Congress overwhelm- Intelligence Committee has acted, friends and relatives together to tell ingly and almost unanimously passed them the news: They were leaving their President Trump should move—in con- legislation strengthening the existing junction with the DOJ and the FBI— home in Lithuania. They were leaving sanctions and adding new ones to ad- the church that had served their family and release the Schiff memo to the dress the interference. We are still public. The American people deserve for generations. They were leaving all waiting for President Trump to imple- of their friends and relatives. They the chance to make their own judgment the new round of sanctions. What ment on the facts of this small piece of were leaving behind every stick of fur- is he waiting for? Why does he refuse to niture, the dogs, the cats, the chick- the broader case of Russia’s inter- get tough with Putin? We look to the ens—everything—to go to a place ference in our election. President of the United States to stand The President decided the public de- where they didn’t speak the language. up for our democracy against all They were going to this place called served to see the Nunes memo before threats, but unfortunately and sadly— America. They had heard great stories he had even read it. So he ought to be bad for America—President Trump has about the land of opportunity, and just as eager for the American people abdicated this responsibility when it they had heard about some Lithua- to see this memo, which refutes—effec- comes to Putin. nians who had gone to the city of East tively, devastatingly—so much in the I yield the floor. St. Louis, IL, and that is where they Nunes memo. I know my good friend from Illinois were headed. Given that the Schiff memo is based will have his usual thoughtful and ar- I am sure those friends and relatives, on the same underlying documents as ticulate remarks to give. walking away from that meeting, the Republicans’ partisan memo, there Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I don’t turned to one another and said: What should be no question as to whether or know if you want to announce the busi- ever got into their minds? They are not the President should approve its ness of the day or if you have already giving up everything to go to a place release. If he decides to keep the Demo- done that. where they don’t even speak the lan- cratic memo under wraps, the Amer- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- guage. They will be back. ican people are going to be forced to ate is in a period of morning business. Well, they never returned. Like mil- wonder: What is the President trying The assistant Democratic leader is lions and millions of Americans, they to hide? What is he afraid of? recognized. had the courage to come to America President Trump should release the f and to weather crisis after crisis in our Schiff memo—and quickly. It will illus- DACA family and to build a future. I stand trate what a sham the Nunes memo is. here because of that decision. Then, we can all move on and, as some Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I come How can you tell when a country is of my good Republican colleagues have to the floor today to speak of an issue in decline? When immigrants stop had the courage to say—not enough, which really defines America. With the wanting to come to that country, when but some: Let Mueller do his investiga- exception of Native Americans who they can’t wait to leave that country. tion unimpeded, and let’s see where the preceded us, with the exception of Many other developed countries have results end up. many African Americans who were had this experience and watched their We need to move on. The Nunes brought here in bondage, virtually all economies decline as a result. That has memo is only the latest in a long line of the rest of us are the sons and never been our experience in the his- of distractions manufactured by the daughters of immigrants to America, tory of America. most extreme elements of the Repub- immigrants from literally all over the Look at our history. In every genera- lican Party and the conservative media world who have come to this Nation tion, immigrants have come to our

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.004 S06FEPT1 S620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 shores from around the world and made that? We should admire them for their day after repealing DACA, President us a better and stronger nation. Immi- commitment to this country. Instead, Trump reached a tentative agreement grants are not a drain on America; im- on September 5, Attorney General Jeff on DACA and border security with Sen- migrants are the future of America. Sessions announced that the Trump ad- ator SCHUMER, the Senate Democratic They are hard-working men and women ministration was putting an end to this leader, and NANCY PELOSI, the House who leave behind everything they DACA Program. That same day, the Democratic leader. President Trump know to build a new and better life for President called on Congress to ‘‘legal- said: ‘‘Chuck and Nancy would like to themselves and their children. They ize DACA.’’ see something happen, and so do I.’’ breathe new life into our country and Now the deportation clock is lit- But very quickly, President Trump help revitalize the American dream. erally ticking on these young people. walked away from those words. You have heard the stories. They go As we gather here today, more than In October, the White House released to Silicon Valley and take a look at 18,000 of these young people have lost 7 pages of what they called ‘‘Immigra- some of the best and brightest when it their protection under DACA. Begin- tion Principles’’—their wish list when comes to high-tech, and they marvel at ning in less than a month, on March 5 it came to immigration. It was a list of how many of them were immigrants to of this year, every day for the next 2 hard-line, anti-immigrant proposals, this country who were finally able to years, 1,000 Dreamers will lose their many of which have been opposed by take that great idea and turn it into a work permits and be subject to depor- both political parties in Congress. great business with a lot of well-paid tation because of President Trump’s Then, 4 weeks ago, I was invited to a employees, helping this country move decision. meeting on January 9 at the White forward. The administration itself has warned House, to sit next to President Trump It was 17 years ago that I introduced us that if we do come up with legaliza- and about two dozen Members of Con- a bill called the DREAM Act. It was bition of DACA, they need time—maybe gress. The President said at that meet- partisan legislation that gave a path to as long as 6 months—to make it work. ing, broadcast on live television, that citizenship to immigrants who came to What has Congress done in response to he wanted to protect DACA recipients the United States as children. These this challenge, in response to the fact and he would sign any bipartisan bill young people have come to be known that thousands of young people are los- that Congress sent to him. The Presi- as Dreamers. ing this protection? The answer is one dent said: Send me a bill and I will sign I know the President went to a Re- word: nothing. Nothing. Not a single it, and I will take the political heat. I publican retreat last week and mocked bill has passed the Senate or the House heard it. So did America. He also said the term ‘‘Dreamers.’’ He did the same in response to the President’s chal- that Congress should first pass DACA in the State of the Union address. I will lenge, despite the fact that every single legislation and that other immigration tell you, I am proud of the term day 122 of these Dreamers, because of issues should wait for ‘‘phase two, ‘‘Dreamers.’’ Before this bill was intro- President Trump’s decision, lose the which would be comprehensive.’’ That duced, if you asked about Dreamers protection of DACA. Teachers—almost was good news for me and good news and who they were, most people would 20,000 of them nationwide who are for Senator LINDSEY GRAHAM, a Repub- answer: Isn’t that a British rock group? DACA recipients—are going to be in a lican from South Carolina. We had Today, Dreamers symbolize something situation where they have to leave be- been working for 4 months on a bipar- in America—young people brought here hind their classrooms and their stu- tisan plan. who have grown up pledging allegiance dents. Nurses will be forced to leave be- We came back to the Hill after that to that flag, singing the only national hind their patients because of Presi- meeting on January 9. That evening anthem they ever have known, who dent Trump’s decision. First respond- and the next day, we hammered out an want to be part of our future. Those are ers, who have written an enviable agreement—six Senators, three Demo- Dreamers. record of courage in serving their com- crats and three Republicans. We called Eight years ago, I sent a letter to munities, will be forced to leave those the President on January 11. I person- President Obama. Dick Lugar, Repub- posts. Soldiers willing to die for Amer- ally called him to tell him we had a lican Senator from Indiana, joined me ica will be forced to leave the Army— bill, a bipartisan bill. I wanted him to in signing that letter. On a bipartisan forced to leave the Army they have hear about it, to know the details, and basis, we asked for President Obama to volunteered to serve. I hoped that it would solve the problem find a way to protect the Dreamers. This isn’t just a looming humani- and challenge that we faced. It was a The President responded to our re- tarian crisis; it is an economic crisis as real compromise. The day after we fi- quest. He established the Deferred Ac- well. More than 91 percent of DACA nalized that agreement, after the tion for Childhood Arrivals Program, Dreamers are gainfully employed and House meeting, we addressed all of the better known as DACA. paying taxes to our government. The priorities that the President had laid DACA provides temporary legal sta- nonpartisan Institute on Taxation and before us, including protection for the tus to Dreamers if they step up, iden- Economic Policy reports that DACA-el- Dreamers and a significant, multibil- tify themselves, register with the gov- igible individuals contribute an esti- lion-dollar downpayment on our border ernment, pay a $500 filing fee, and sub- mated $2 billion a year in State and security. mit themselves to a criminal back- local taxes. The Cato Institute, a con- The President said he looked forward ground check and then a national secu- servative think tank, estimates that to Senator GRAHAM’s briefing him on rity background check. If they passed ending DACA and deporting DACA re- that plan and would be back in touch all of those things, under DACA, they cipients will cost $60 billion and result with me. Then I received word, within were given temporary, renewable 2- in a $280 billion reduction in economic minutes, that the President wanted me year protection to stay in the United growth over the next decade. Are the to join Senator GRAHAM in going to the States, not be deported, and have the DACA protectees a drain on society? White House. Two hours later, Senator legal right to work. Not according to the conservative Cato LINDSEY GRAHAM and I were at the DACA has been an extraordinary suc- Institute. They are a plus for America, White House, hoping that the President cess. Almost 800,000 Dreamers have a plus for our economy. might embrace our bipartisan plan, but come forward and received DACA pro- Poll after poll shows overwhelming we were surprised and disappointed tection. It has allowed them to con- bipartisan support for the Dreamers. when we entered the Oval Office. In a tribute more to this country that they Even FOX News—no liberal media out- matter of an hour and a half, five of love, as teachers and nurses and engi- let—found that 79 percent of Americans the congressional hard-liners on immi- neers and first responders and members support a path to citizenship for gration had been invited in to shoot of our military. Yes, these DACA indi- Dreamers. That includes 63 percent of down our plan. The President’s views, viduals have stepped up, even though those who identify as Trump voters. in a matter of less than 2 hours, had they do not have the legal rights of When the Trump administration shut changed radically. citizenship, raised their hands, and down the DACA Program, the Presi- During our meeting, the President sworn to put their lives on the line for dent called on Congress to legalize the demanded $20 billion to build a wall on America. How many of us have done program. We have done nothing. The our southern border. He kept saying

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.006 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S621 over and over: Give me $20 billion. I The 1965 law, which this would a significantly comprehensive immi- will build this wall in 1 year. The change dramatically, replaced the gration reform bill. President reacted negatively to the strict national origin quotas of the 1924 I was part of the Gang of 8 that draft- agreement that we had reached in immigration law. The 1924 immigration ed the original bill—four Republicans, terms of protecting immigrants from law was written to specifically exclude four Democrats. We brought that bill Haiti from deportation and ensuring people whom the Congress and Presi- to this floor in 2013 and won a vote—68 that immigrants from Africa would be dent, in those days, thought should not to 32. The bill was a product of months permitted to come to our country. be part of America’s future. They were of negotiations and compromise. Unfor- What I heard at that meeting had noth- focusing on people from my part of the tunately, the Republican leadership in ing to do with security and American world. My family came from the Bal- the House of Representatives refused to jobs. It was a sad commentary by the tics. They focused on the Baltics and even consider it. President on his vision of immigration. Eastern European countries—to re- Now we are being asked to accept Then, 2 weeks ago, Senator SCHUMER, strict their immigration to this coun- this administration’s proposals with no our Democratic leader, made another try. Luckily for me, my family got conditions and no give-and-take. If the good-faith attempt to work with the over before the 1924 law. They also administration wants to reform our White House. He made a generous offer wanted to exclude Italians in their be- legal immigration system, we have to President Trump to fund the border lief that we had had enough from that some priorities that we care for as wall, but after a promising meeting, country, and they wanted to exclude well. within 2 hours, the President called Jews. That is what that 1924 National If we are talking about protecting and withdrew any offer. That was the Security Act was about. national security, why aren’t we clos- third time Senate Democrats had of- When President Lyndon Johnson ing the loopholes in the Visa Waiver fered to fund President Trump’s wall in signed the 1965 law, he said: ‘‘It cor- Program? There are 20 million people exchange for the Dream Act. In other rects a cruel and enduring wrong. . . . from 38 nations who travel to America words, we have been willing to support every year on the Visa Waiver Pro- a broadly unpopular and partisan pro- For over four decades the immigration policy of the United States has been gram—one-third of all of the visitors to posal—the wall—in exchange for a the United States. They arrive in broadly popular and bipartisan pro- twisted and distorted by the harsh in- American airports without undergoing posal—the Dream Act. The President justice of the national origins quota biometric checks or consular inter- will not take ‘‘yes’’ for an answer. It is system.’’ views. Zacarias Moussaoui, the so- no wonder that Senator SCHUMER has Listen to what Presidential Calvin called 20th hijacker of 9/11, tried to said that trying to reach an immigra- Coolidge said when he signed the 1924 tion agreement with the President is law, the last major reduction in legal enter the U.S. through the Visa Waiver ‘‘like trying to negotiate with Jell-O.’’ immigration in America: Program. So did Richard Reid, the Two weeks ago, the White House re- There are racial considerations too grave Shoe Bomber. We should strengthen leased a 1-page ‘‘Framework on Immi- to be brushed aside. Biological laws tell us the Visa Waiver Program by requiring gration Reform & Border Security.’’ that certain people will not mix or blend. biometric checks of travelers before The White House claims this is a com- The Nordics propagate themselves success- they land in America so that we know promise because it includes a path to fully. With other races, the outcome shows who they are before they board the air- deterioration on both sides. citizenship for some Dreamers. I might planes. add that it is an issue that is supported I cannot understand why Attorney If you are really sincere about the se- by the overwhelming majority of General Sessions, at one point, praised curity of our Nation, this is an obvious American people. The plan would put that 1924 law and said it was ‘‘good for need. Congress should also close the the administration’s entire hard-line America.’’ loophole that lets people enter the immigration agenda on the backs of The President’s immigration frame- United States through the Visa Waiver these young people. work would also fast-track the depor- Program. Remember, there are 20 mil- For example, the White House wants tations of women and children who lion a year. We allow them to buy to dramatically reduce legal immigra- come to our border in their fleeing guns, even assault weapons, even if tion by prohibiting American citizens gang and sexual violence. Since our they are on the FBI’s terrorist watch from sponsoring their parents, siblings, tragic failure during World War II to list. When it comes to security, that is and adult or married children as immi- aid Jewish refugees who fled the Holo- an obvious loophole that needs to be grants. We are talking about, literally, caust, the United States has led the closed. millions of relatives of American citi- world, since then, in providing a safe With the President’s failing to lead, zens who have done the right thing, fol- haven to people who flee war, ter- the responsibility to fix the DACA cri- lowed our immigration laws, and have rorism, and persecution. Now we are in sis falls on our shoulders here in Con- been waiting patiently in line for as the midst of the worst refugee crisis on gress. long as 20 years to come to the United record, with 65 million people world- I see my colleague from Texas, Sen- States. wide being forcibly displaced, including ator CORNYN. He and I have talked ex- Listen to what the Cato Institute child refugees from Central America, tensively about this. I still hold out says about the White House proposal: the Northern Triangle, who are fleeing hope that we may be able to find some [I]n the most likely scenario, the new plan horrific violence. way to resolve this in a bipartisan would cut the number of legal immigrants by Consider the opinion of General John fashion. We have to do it because, to up to 44 percent or half a million immigrants Kelly back in 2015, the current White date, Congress—the Senate and the annually—the largest policy-driven legal im- House Chief of Staff, when he headed House—have done nothing. migration cut since the 1920s. Compared to the U.S. Southern Command. General Three weeks ago, a bipartisan group current law, it would exclude—[the Presi- dent’s proposal]—nearly 22 million people Kelly said then that the children from of Senate Republicans and Democrats from the opportunity to immigrate legally Central America who are arriving on finally persuaded Senator MCCONNELL, to the United States over the next [50 years]. the U.S.-Mexico border are ‘‘the direct the Republican leader, to commit to This proposal would gut the 1965 Im- result of our drug consumption’’ in the addressing DACA. I salute him for migration and Nationality Act, which United States. General Kelly said, ‘‘In doing that. He made a statement on established our current immigration many ways [parents] are trying to save the floor twice, unequivocally, that we system, with its focus on reuniting their children’’ from the violence in would bring this measure up if we had families. their own countries. General Kelly was not reached an agreement by this Fri- When you think about the bedrock right in 2015. day and that we would consider start- principles of America—faith, family, In the past, Democrats have sup- ing with what he called a level playing love of country—why would we assault ported some of the President’s pro- field—amendments on both sides—on this effort to unify and strengthen our posals, like changes in our family im- the issue of immigration and DACA. families in America with those who are migration system and eliminating the We haven’t seen that kind of debate on following this process in a legal man- diversity visa lottery. I might remind the floor of the U.S. Senate in over 1 ner? my colleagues that that was all part of year.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.008 S06FEPT1 S622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 If it comes to that, I look forward to As I said, the harm caused by these government over last month, and that it. I would like to see the Senate work continuing resolutions was brought issue is immigration and the path for- its will, and I hope that we will come home to me again yesterday when I ward on DACA. DACA, again, is De- up with a positive and constructive had a number of people with the Texas ferred Action on Childhood Arrivals. compromise. We have only 3 days from Association of Community Health Cen- This is something President Obama did today for that process to start, and I ters come visit. These community unilaterally, circumventing Congress, hope that we can make some progress. health centers are a vital link and safe- assuring that in a new administration, Bipartisan legislation to protect the ty net for many Texans and many it would be called into question, not Dreamers has been pending in Con- Americans who don’t otherwise have a only in the courts but also by the new gress, and it has overwhelming support place they can go for their medical administration. from the people we represent, including care. They treat people based on a slid- President Trump, recognizing that President Trump’s own voters. It would ing scale, based on the ability to pay, the courts had effectively said what pass on a strong bipartisan vote in both so they are accessible to virtually ev- President Obama tried to do was ille- the House and the Senate if Republican eryone. gal, basically continued it for a time to leaders would bring it to a vote. What my constituents with the Texas give Congress a chance to try to re- I look forward to that debate. Association of Community Health Cen- spond, and he has given us a deadline of I yield the floor. ters told me was because of the funding March 5. I heard my friend from Illi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- cliff with the continuing resolutions, nois blame President Trump for trying jority whip. they don’t know how to plan. Their to fix a problem that was caused by an f doctors, their medical assistants, and overreach by the previous administra- other support staff don’t know if they tion. Don’t take my word for it, take FUNDING THE GOVERNMENT are going to have a job after Thursday, the courts which struck down the Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I spoke February 8, when the current con- DACA Program. yesterday about the deadline we have tinuing resolution expires. President Trump has continued it coming up in 2 days. The question is, They don’t know whether the pa- long enough to give Congress a chance Are we going to fund the Federal Gov- tients they treat will actually have a to fix it. That is the appropriate re- ernment? Are we going to keep the place to go to get that treatment. This sponse. It is not helpful just to engage lights on, the parks open, the military is a miserable way for Congress to do in the blame game. We actually need to protecting us, the Border Patrol pro- business, and it should not continue. step up and not just give speeches on tecting our borders, or are we going to We need to provide more certainty and the floor of the Senate; we need to ac- shut down the government again over predictability. tually enter into a good-faith negotia- an unrelated issue? General Mattis himself said that this tion. I listened to my friend, the Senator basically wastes money because we To date, President Trump has issued from Illinois, talk at some length have to plan to shut down portions of a reasonable framework that will not about DACA. I do want to respond to our activities if, in fact, government only give protection to those who were that, but there is no reason we have to does shut down. So then we have to re- brought here illegally by their parents do DACA first, because we are engaged start it again—stop it, start it. It is a as children but also fixes other gaps in in good-faith negotiations, and, indeed, waste, it is inefficient, and it is unnec- our broken immigration system—bor- the majority leader has promised that essary. der security, the diversity lottery visa, he would take up a bill on the floor of Our friends across the aisle need to and ensures that people who are wait- the Senate in our failing to reach an release another hostage, too, in addi- ing in line patiently can be unified agreement. tion to the spending caps agreement with their family by narrowing the The fact is that our friends across and the funding needed for our military scope of family-based immigration in the aisle have, basically, shut down the and the funding needed for community the future. That is prospective only. government and are now threatening health centers and all the other impor- One proposal has been to plow those to hold hostage a number of very im- tant functions that are served by the additional green cards into accel- portant measures, which I will talk Federal Government. They need to re- erating the passage of people who are about momentarily, over this issue lease the hostage of disaster relief. patiently waiting in line—some as that is unrelated to the funding of the In December, the House passed an $81 many as 10 and 20 years. government or to these other matters. billion relief package, but so far our President Trump has done something So what have we had to do? Democratic colleagues have refused to President Obama never did. He has of- We have had to pass short-term con- allow us to bring that disaster relief fered 1.8 million young adults who are tinuing resolutions. We have had five bill up. Again, why? Because of DACA, currently DACA recipients and DACA- of them since September alone. The this unrelated immigration issue that eligible an opportunity to get on a impact of these continuing resolutions they think is more important than all pathway to American citizenship. That was brought home to me again yester- the people who were hurt by Hurricane is three times more than the young day. Maria, Hurricane Harvey, and the adults who were addressed by the De- Usually, I would think about our wildfires out West. ferred Action for Childhood Arrivals military and General Mattis, who has We do need to address DACA, and we Program that President Obama did pleaded with us to help provide the ad- will, but why hurt the victims of these unilaterally. That is an incredibly gen- ditional resources that are necessary natural disasters in the interim by erous offer. to make sure that our military is holding this disaster relief hostage? It What has the President requested in ready, is trained, has the equipment it is time we stand up in a bipartisan return or in addition? He said: Sec- needs in order to fight and win wars fashion and show these folks in Texas, ondly, I want to secure our borders, but, hopefully, to maintain our Florida, the Virgin Islands, Puerto and I want to address legal loopholes in strength so that we will never have to Rico, and out West that we remember, the current law. That is important be- fight a war. That is how Ronald Reagan and we are going to help them. Why cause we have to protect our citizens viewed it. I agree with General Mattis: should they have to wait any further? and regain the public trust. One of the Peace through strength is the right There is no good answer to that ques- very reasons this President was elected formula. tion, but I think it is important that is because people are angry that the Yet, when our adversaries look at us somebody come out on the floor of the Federal Government has failed them with our military—just a pale reflec- U.S. Senate and ask the question. when it comes to securing our borders tion of what it used to be in terms of f and enforcing our laws. I believe the readiness because of the lack of fund- second pillar of what President Trump ing we have provided—that is a provo- IMMIGRATION has talked about, border security, is cation or, at least, an invitation for Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I said I really a system of physical infrastruc- others to step in and fill the void, and wanted to talk about the issue our ture—fence, walls, barriers—but also it leads to a more dangerous world. Democratic colleagues shut down the technology and personnel; that those

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.009 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S623 are the three essential ingredients in Why doesn’t it make sense to let them and it did nothing to deter the influx of border security. We have to ensure that reunite with their family members people who are exploiting a loophole in people don’t flout the law and enter the even faster so they don’t have to wait the law relating to unaccompanied mi- country illegally. We all know a porous so long? I think that makes an awful nors. By way of contrast, the new border is an opportunity for drug traf- lot of sense. During the time that White House proposal addresses these fickers, human traffickers, and other backlog clears, there really wouldn’t be concerns in ways the flawed Gang of 8 criminals to exploit our porous border. any reduction in legal immigration. bill did not, and I predict, if we em- As I said, it is not one-dimensional, it I don’t know what the right number brace the President’s four pillars and is not just about a wall or a fence or a is for legal immigration. We naturalize pass a bill that reflects those require- barrier, it is about technology, per- roughly about 1 million people a year. ments, the House of Representatives sonnel, and physical infrastructure as I support legal immigration. I think it could pass it, and the President would well, and the President has acknowl- makes our country better, but I am not sign it, which would actually then pro- edged as much. sure exactly what the right number is, vide a pathway to citizenship for 1.8 I have heard our colleagues across and I am not sure exactly what the million young people. the aisle bridle at what the President right formula is. A number of coun- I don’t know how some of our friends has requested in terms of not only a tries, such as Australia and Canada, can look these young people in the face plan for border security but also for look at the skills and merit-based sys- and say: We had the chance. You had the funding. He said he wants $25 bil- tem, in addition to family relation- the opportunity to receive one of the lion to make sure the Federal Govern- ships. I think that makes a lot of sense greatest gifts a human being could pos- ment finally steps up and lives up to to me. sibly accept, and that is a pathway to its responsibility on the border. It While we are continuing to have this American citizenship, but we turned it wasn’t that long ago when the Gang of discussion about what should be the down. Perhaps, we miscalculated, and long-term rate of legal immigration, it 8—Senator DURBIN my friend from Illi- we figured that, maybe, we can get it nois was one of the gang members— makes sense to plow these additional through the Senate but we can’t get it green cards—that will not be used pro- proposed and the Senate passed a bill through the House and we can’t get a spectively by collateral family mem- by 68 votes that provided $50 billion for Presidential signature. So we ended up bers based strictly on that family rela- border security. It had other problems, emptyhanded, and you remain in the tionship—back into the backlog and but they were more than generous in same box you were in in the first place. unify the families who have been wait- providing for border security. Today How is that helping these young peo- ing for their loved one who has been they chafe and resist and refuse basi- ple? It is not. cally to negotiate on this item, when waiting in line, waiting to immigrate Well, the White House proposal closes they voted for double that amount in legally into the United States. loopholes in the current law that are One thing I really appreciate about the so-called Gang of 8 bill just a few being exploited by criminal gangs and the President’s proposal is, it addresses years ago. human traffickers. Let me explain. shortcomings of the so-called Gang of 8 The President’s third pillar relates to bill that was considered back in 2013. Under the current law, if somebody is what is known as the diversity lottery This is where I differ again from my under 18 years of age and shows up at visa. Many, including the President, colleague from Illinois. He celebrates the border, the Border Patrol processes have questioned whether it makes the fact that they were able to get 68 them, and then they are given to sense to just give out 50,000 green cards votes in the Senate, but it didn’t pass Health and Human Services. If they a year based on a lottery—a game of the House, and it never got to the make a claim of some immigration chance. They have suggested and the President. I am not sure that is a cause benefit, they are given a notice to ap- President has proposed that we use for celebration. What I would actually pear before an immigration judge, but those green cards to reward skill and like to see is us take the President’s the backlog there is so great that it merit. four pillars and actually get a Presi- could be years down the road, and then We ought to look at immigration as dential signature on a law that passes they are placed with a sponsor. a way for us to attract the best and not only the Senate but the House and Here is the problem. First of all, brightest, the people who have skills, that the President will sign. I thought there is no adequate monitoring of talents, education, something to offer that was the goal, not just to go these individuals to make sure they ac- their new country when they come through some futile gesture or to pass tually show up for their court hearing. here. We don’t have to end the diver- one branch of the legislature only to Current law allows them to be placed sity part, but we can add to it the fail in the House. with a sponsor that is not legally skills that would help make our coun- The reason the Gang of 8 bill failed in present in the country in the first try better and allow these new citizens the House was because it had some se- place. There are no criminal back- to contribute in a substantial way to rious problems. It had no real objective ground checks. So we don’t know their adopted country. metrics to determine where technology whether these unaccompanied children The fourth pillar addresses family and infrastructure would be the most are being placed with people who would unification. I say ‘‘family unification’’ effective. It didn’t allow the Depart- abuse them, traffic them, or recruit because I think the recently adopted ment of Homeland Security to achieve them into criminal gangs. alternative term of ‘‘chain migration’’ 24/7 situational awareness and 100 per- In 2017 alone, the Department of has become a pejorative and oversim- cent operational control of the border. Homeland Security apprehended 41,000 plifies a very complex area of the law. It didn’t adequately address the per- unaccompanied minors across the What the President has proposed is, in sonnel and infrastructure improve- southern border, and 37 percent were the future, we allow people to immi- ments we know are desperately needed between the ages of 15 and 16, and an- grate to the country based on family at our northern borders and our ports other 32 percent were 17 years old. So relationships, and we confine that to of entry. we are not talking about young chil- the nuclear family—mom, dad, and the Finally, even though the Gang of 8 dren. We are talking about, by and kids. One suggestion has been that the bill contains some provisions to ad- large, grown young men. As I men- green cards we would save by not al- dress criminal gangs, drunk drivers, tioned earlier, this number has in- lowing collateral family members to and aggravated felons, it also had gen- creased significantly, with more than come in—married adult children, erous waivers and still allowed some 11,000 unaccompanied minors being ap- aunts, uncles, cousins, and the like, criminals to qualify for legal status. prehended in the last 4 months alone. based strictly on the family relation- That didn’t make any sense to me They have figured this out. The ship—we could plow those green cards then, and it makes no sense to me now. transnational criminal organizations back into the backlog because there Why would we allow people with crimi- that traffic in human beings, drugs, are people who have been playing by nal records to immigrate into the weapons, and anything else that is the rules and waiting patiently in line, United States? worth a buck have figured this out. some for 10 or 20 years because of the Worse, the Gang of 8 bill didn’t end They have a loophole in the U.S. law caps we put on country immigration. catch-and-release of criminal aliens, that allows them to charge a fee to

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.011 S06FEPT1 S624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 bring in these young men, who may or posal. Our colleagues on the other side, Several years ago, I took a personal may not be a member of MS–13, one of who don’t like the proposal, have not pledge. I just knew something was the most violent criminal gangs in offered a counteroffer that meets the wrong. When I first got here, I looked Central America. Now they are unfor- four pillars. They don’t even want to around and I saw that we were all ex- tunately in the United States, and pay attention to the last two—the di- pected to make phone calls raising there is no way for the U.S. Govern- versity visa issue or the so-called fam- money every day to our respective par- ment to keep them out even if they are ily unification, sometimes called chain ties, and that money would be used for gang members, under current law. migration. They want to act like that a couple of purposes. The purpose was Well, I don’t know how our col- doesn’t exist, and I just don’t get it. basically to set an agenda or explain leagues who refuse to take up this I come from a State of 28 million peo- your priorities and your policies, but a issue and address it justify it. I just ple, with 38 percent, roughly, of His- lot of that money was directed toward can’t understand it. In my opinion, we panic origin. We have a 1,200-mile com- defeating colleagues on the other side. have a real problem that our colleagues mon border with Mexico. Texas tax- So being in the Democratic caucus, the either don’t want to fix or they are de- payers pay for the border security that Democratic money was supposed to be liberately ignoring. We can’t solve the Federal Government fails to fund raised and, if any one of my friends on these problems by just putting our and facilitate. I want to see a solution. the Republican side was up in this head in the sand and hoping that the I am happy to vote in favor of a path- cycle, that money was supposed to be problem goes away. It will not. This is way to citizenship for 1.8 million peo- used against them. I thought that was just one example of a loophole, which a ple, but I can’t go back home and look wrong, and I know a lot of my Repub- border security bill that I introduced my constituents in the face unless I lican friends feel the same way—that months ago, called the Building Amer- tell them that this is the last time we they are supposed to be making phone ica’s Trust Act, would fix. are going to have to do this because we calls to raise money to be used against So if our colleagues are serious about fixed the underlying problem—border me and everybody else who is up in this coming up with a solution to our immi- insecurity, gaps that are exploited by cycle. I am sure they feel the same as gration problems and providing a life- criminal gang members and the I do. line to these young adults who are transnational criminal organizations I have often said that I come to work DACA recipients and, indeed, everyone that traffic in them, and these other in a hostile work environment, and I who is DACA-eligible, they need to issues that the President has put on try to explain that in terms of how we work with us. They need to recognize the table. in West Virginia would look upon this. the reality that President Trump has So I hope reality does set in because If you go to work every day in my laid out a pathway for that to happen, I really would like to get a bill that we State of West Virginia and your col- but they can’t just cherry-pick and could pass in the House and the Senate league or some person with whom you pick the parts they like and ignore the and get to the President for his signa- are working is trying to undermine and rest and expect that we are going to ture and move on to these other impor- undercut you to get you fired, and get an outcome. tant issues: How do we fund our mili- every day you go to work they are nice Again, the basic failure in the Gang tary? How do we fund the community to your face but behind the scenes they of 8 bill was that they got 68 votes in health centers? How do we provide are doing all they can to denigrate the Senate, including $50 billion for some predictability to the rest of your work or to make your supervisors border security, but they couldn’t get America that is being held hostage to believe that you are not doing your it through the House and couldn’t get this issue? job, back home in West Virginia, soon- it to the President for signature. I I yield the floor. er or later, they are going to want a don’t know how to sugar-coat it, but The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. little talk. Can we talk in the parking that is failure. That is not success. YOUNG). The Senator from West Vir- lot? Can we have this disagreement Success is to get a bill through both ginia. worked out? That is just the way it Houses and to get the President to sign f would be settled, and, maybe, that is it. President Trump has given all of us the way it should be settled here too. I CIVILITY AND TRUST a map, a pathway for how to do that. don’t know. I don’t think so. To my knowledge, there has never been Mr. MANCHIN. Mr. President, I rise I have met too many wonderful peo- a counteroffer that addresses the four today to discuss something extremely ple with whom I have been serving for pillars that the President has proposed. important to each one of us in this the last 7 years who are bright, ex- Again, I think the people with the wonderful body, which is called civility tremely capable, intelligent, and with most to lose out of this proposition, in and trust. I rise to discuss them be- a wealth of experience, and I would put addition to the great American people, cause they have been lost in Wash- them up against any people whom I are these young adults who would ben- ington. I look around and we are all have met anywhere in any occupation efit from the stability and predict- friends, and for some reason we lost in the country. But for some reason, we ability and a path forward and would trust in each other. We don’t seem to are all blocked from doing the right receive a gift, as I said, that would be spend enough time with each other. thing or what we know is right—sitting the greatest gift that any human being I can remember Senator Robert C. down and not accusing each other, not could possibly aspire to, which is the Byrd, who was the longest serving Sen- working and conspiring against each gift of American citizenship, eventu- ator in the history of the U.S. Senate, other, and not getting basically to the ally. But it is going to be squandered. and he always told me what a place point that it is so visceral. Perhaps, The President’s generous offer will be this was. He said that the Senate is someone might be talking with me one squandered because our colleagues something special. He even wrote a day, but, then, that weekend they don’t like his proposal, but they are book about it, about how the Senate might be in my State campaigning unwilling to come up with a was to operate, what the Founding Fa- against me. Then, we come back on counteroffer so that we can actually thers’ intent was for the bipartisan, bi- Monday or Tuesday, and we are sup- have a negotiation. The President, I cameral body that George Washington posed to sit down and work through am sure, would welcome that explained so eloquently, and what our our problems and differences for the counteroffer, and we would too. role was as the most deliberative body betterment of our country. I just think We welcome an opportunity to actu- in the world. The whole world depends human nature doesn’t let that happen, ally get a result here, to make a law on us kind of cooling things off and and it will not produce good results. and not just go through a political ex- making things work. But as we have I have always looked forward to ercise that is destined to end in failure seen, it hasn’t done what it is supposed working with everybody. I am probably and then become a political issue in to do, and it is not to blame one person one of the most centrist, as far as being the next election. That is not what we or the other or one party or the other. on more pieces of legislation in a bipar- should be about here. I guess we can all say that it is all of tisan way. I have never looked at a Re- So I hope that reality will set in. our fault for letting it denigrate to this publican or a Democratic problem. I President Trump has offered a pro- point. just looked at a problem that we had,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.012 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S625 and I always said this: The best form of send someone or you send someone out, are not here and we don’t know each government—the best policies and the and we will work together. other’s families, spouses, children, we best form of politics, if you want to That is what I was used to doing as better control ourselves, hopefully play hardcore politics—is good govern- far as getting things done, and that is through the rules we can change and ment. Everyone can take credit for what I want to do here again. I think the ethics laws we should live by, to doing something good, and I will assure the place is right for it. The American treat each other in the manner that we you, if we do something wrong and we people want it solved and want the would want to be treated. don’t fix things, we all get blamed. We States we represent to have a bipar- With that, I am going to sign this all get blamed. So nobody looks good tisan pathway forward and to work to- pledge, and I would hope that all of my when we sit and don’t work on our dif- gether. I know the people of West Vir- colleagues would consider signing the ferences, and we all get credit when we ginia want to see us get things accom- pledge the same way. We are the only try to work together. plished. ones who can change it. The power has We are facing a lot of challenges I have a wonderful little State that changed. The pressure that comes right now. We do things that basically has given their all. I often tell people within has changed. The way this place shun the other side because we don’t in West Virginia—I tell the children: works has changed. The only way we want to share the glory with someone When someone asks you where you are can change it is to say we are not going else if we think there is some good in from, I want you to puff up your chest. to participate in denigrating each the piece of legislation. Every piece of I want you to say: Oh, I come from a other and attacking each other any- legislation we have voted for or against beautiful State, one of the most patri- more. has good in it. Every piece of legisla- otic States in the Nation. With that, I am going to sign the tion has something good and worth- We have answered the call to duty pledge. It says here: while in it. What happens is that there more than most any State. We have Pledge to Return to Era of Bipartisan Co- are ways we can make something bet- more veterans per capita than most operation and Agreement. ter, and that is where our differences any State. We have fought more wars, In order to restore civility to the United are. If you can make something better, shed more blood, lost more lives for the Senates Senate and our political discourse, then, I need to sit down and work with cause of freedom than any State. We we must pledge to return to an era of bipar- you because I don’t have all the an- have done the heavy lifting. We have tisan cooperation and agreement. swers, but we both have a desire to mined the coal that made the steel I, Joe Manchin, pledge to the people of make the best piece of policy that we that built the guns and ships that de- West Virginia and to the American people can in legislation. So we should be fend our country every day. that I will not campaign against a sitting working together. I should be open to The Good Lord has been so kind to us colleague, not directly fundraise against and blessed us with one of the greatest them, not distribute direct mail against saying: OK, that makes sense to me; them, not appear or endorse advertisements let’s see if we can amend this and fix it. venues that you will ever see in the directed at them, and not use or endorse so- But it seems that we get set in our mountains of West Virginia. My little cial media campaigns that attack them. ways. State is called West Virginia, and we I would hope that each one of you The place that Robert Byrd talked hope you will come and visit, and would consider this. I think we have to about many years ago was a place maybe you will even stay. take this into our own hands right now where people stayed and spent more It is really who we are. And we all and make sure that we look at each time in Washington. They didn’t come have that same pride; each one of us other, that we look at each other with in on Monday night and leave on does. Whether it be Indiana, South Da- sincerity. You are my friend. We might Thursday afternoon. They stayed and kota, wherever it may be, we have a disagree, but we can work through this, worked. On the weekends, they would pride in our States, the people in our Mr. President. We can definitely work even get together and have dinners to- States, and they deserve better than through this and remember what our gether. Families would do things to- what we are giving them right now. purpose is for being here. The people gether during the days and the week- I don’t see anybody in public service, want us to succeed. They depend on us ends, and they became friends. It is who is willing to put their name on the to succeed, and that is the policy they hard to say no to your friend. It is ballot, as my enemy. If you are willing need. Whether in Indiana, South Da- hard. All of us have been in situations to serve, then I am your comrade. I am kota, or West Virginia, they all want that were very hurtful, when there was going to work with you. If you are will- the same—they want America to be the a friend with whom you disagreed. So ing to take the heat that comes with hope of the world. you tried to find the most delicate way these jobs, then let’s make sure we get to see if there was a pathway forward the results that the jobs should Thank you, Mr. President. without losing that friendship. It produce. These jobs should produce re- I yield the floor. meant that much to us. That is what it sults so that the whole world can have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- should be here, too. But when you don’t a hope that America is the right place. ator from South Dakota. have that relationship—as a former They are the people who can solve the Mr. ROUNDS. Mr. President, let me Governor, I have my dear friend from problems that we all have, and they respond to my colleague and good South Dakota, and we are going to still can lift us up and be the hope of friend from West Virginia. He and I look for a way to stay together and be the world. served as Governors at the same time. friends. We are not going to look for a With that, I am pledging to the peo- We have a friendship that has now way to disagree and diverge from that ple of West Virginia and to the Amer- lasted more than a decade. A lot of friendship that we built. ican people that I will not campaign what the Senator has indicated I feel We built that over our terms working against a sitting colleague, that I will as well in terms of the reason why we together as Governors. I have always not directly fundraise against them, came here and the focus we should said that Governors are the most bipar- that I will not distribute any direct have. In fact, I think one of the most tisan people I have ever met. mail against them. I will not appear or important things we can do as Mem- In our NGA—National Governors As- endorse any advertisements directed at bers of this institution, Members of sociation—when you had an education them. I will not use or endorse social this body, is to show respect for one problem, when you had a Medicaid media campaigns that attack them. another and defend one another in our problem, when you had an infrastruc- Washington will be dysfunctional responsibility to try to find a way for- ture problem, when you had a veterans until we all draw the line of truce and ward. Until we have that respect for problem, if you looked around and you say that we are here for the same rea- one another, it will be very difficult to saw someone in one State who had son. We take the same oath. We swear expect others to have that same re- found a pathway forward to fix that, on the Bible to the same Constitu- spect for us or for this institution. you never hesitated to call them and tion—that we will uphold it. That is I most certainly appreciate the senti- say: Hey, Mike, what did you think what we are here to do. ments expressed by my colleague from about it? He would say: Well, I tried Since that civility has broken down West Virginia, and I appreciate his this, JOE. Why don’t you try it? I will because the system has changed and we bringing them to the floor today.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:25 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.013 S06FEPT1 S626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS is the one that people see on a regular For example, the USS Albany, which Mr. ROUNDS. Mr. President, it is in basis on film clips and so forth showing is an attack submarine, spent 48 that spirit that I bring this message to them taking off of the carriers. This is months in the repair yard due to re- my fellow Members of the U.S. Senate. our primary Navy attack aircraft. This peated delays as the workforce focused I rise today to ask for support for the is the one that we use for aerial com- its attention on aircraft carriers and Defense appropriations bill for fiscal bat. We also use this one to do the at- on ballistic missile submarines. That year 2018. tacks in both Iraq and Syria. means an entire crew spent years wait- I would like to start by thanking the The first issue is plaguing our Navy— ing for a deployment that never came. majority leader for bringing the De- and what they do is they demonstrate Worse still, the USS Boise attack fense appropriations bill to the floor. the need to adequately fund not only submarine wasn’t even put in the ship- Now, just because the majority leader our Navy but, as I said, all of the dif- yard last summer because the shipyard brings it to the floor doesn’t mean we ferent branches. So this is not only the workload was so far over workforce ca- will necessarily get the opportunity to Navy; all of the branches need this as- pacity. As a result, that boat is cur- debate it. It requires either the unani- sistance. rently sitting in Norfolk, VA, and is Vice Chief of Naval Operations, ADM mous consent of all the Members or at not certified to dive while it awaits William Moran, stated that our legacy least 60 Members agreeing to have that maintenance. This is a taxpayer asset F/A–18A and D Hornets today take debate. That is one of the reasons why sitting at dock tied up, not being re- twice as many manhours as originally we haven’t had any appropriations paired, not even being worked on. planned for repairs and maintenance. measures on the floor. It takes 60 Mem- Right now, it is so far out of shape, it He has also stated that ‘‘on a typical bers, Republicans and Democrats, just is not even allowed to dive. In fact, the day in the Navy, about 25 to 30 percent to begin the debate of each one of these Boise will not be able to rejoin the fleet of our jets and our airplanes are in 12 separate appropriations bills, which until 2020 or later. That means this some kind of depot maintenance.’’ make up what we normally vote on vital Navy asset will be unavailable for Overall, just over half are unavailable during a year. This is also part of that at least another 48 months. for operations today. So it is not just process which has been broken for In fact, a maintenance backlog has the F/A–18 Hornet, it is all of their air- docked 15 nuclear-powered attack sub- more than 44 years because it has only craft that are in need of upgrading. worked four times in 44 years. But you marines for a total of 177 months—or To sum up the Admiral’s comments, almost 15 years—in which those attack have to start someplace. the Navy is putting in twice the main- submarines have not been available in Providing long-term funding sta- tenance manhours to maintain a fleet bility for our Armed Forces is vital to the protection of our country. that is less than 50 percent available. While I am discussing some serious their ability to adequately train, equip, In a crisis situation, the Vice Chief Navy readiness challenges, all of our and maintain the force. In particular, said, ‘‘We can and we do put airplanes services face readiness challenges. under short-term, stop-gap funding and ready air crews forward,’’ but Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson measures known as continuing resolu- ‘‘there’s no depth on the bench behind recently said: tions, which we are operating under them if we had to surge forces.’’ In The fiscal year 2018 continuing resolution right now, the Defense Department is other words, all of the aircraft that are is actually delaying our efforts to increase restricted from starting new programs. available right now, we have on the readiness of the force, and risk accumulates These new programs are ones that we frontlines. These are the ones that are over time. We are stretching the force to the have already authorized through the serving overseas. We don’t have limit, and we need to start turning the cor- National Defense Authorization Act on backups in case they start to go down. ner on readiness. a bipartisan basis for 2018; we just The Marine Corps is also experi- With a shortage of nearly 2,000 pilots, haven’t appropriated the money yet so encing serious readiness issues with its out of about 20,000 total, Secretary Wil- that they can actually do the programs F/A–18 fleet, and there is a human cost. son went on to say, current Active- we have already agreed as a body are On December 8, 2016, the Marine Corps Duty pilots were burning out because important to have in place. This is announced that yet another pilot had the Air Force was too small for what very concerning to me because in to- been killed as a result of a training ac- the Nation is asking. day’s rapidly changing threat environ- cident in the F/A–18 Hornet. This was ‘‘Our biggest need right now is for a ment, these programs were designed to the third Marine Corps F/A–18 Hornet higher and stable budget to provide se- protect our Nation against those new class A mishap—which is defined as an curity and solvency for the nation,’’ threats. accident resulting in a death or the she went on to say. If we are to adequately recover readi- complete loss of aircraft—over a According to Defense Secretary ness levels that were lost over the last month-and-a-half time period. In the James Mattis, operating under a con- 8 years—really, in many cases, due to previous 22 months, the Marine Corps tinuing resolution for 2018 runs the sequestration—as well as to modernize had experienced seven class A mishaps risk of delaying vital projects and in- our Armed Forces in this increasingly flying legacy F/A–18 Hornets. Sadly, creasing their costs, including 37 Navy dangerous and complex world, we must some or all of these mishaps might projects, 16 Air Force projects, and 38 give them the funding, stability, and have been avoided with the additional Army projects. The projects that could certainty that continuing resolutions training and maintenance that would be impacted include progress on new fail to provide. have been forthcoming with the addi- trainer aircraft, weapons systems, and As a member of the Senate Armed tional funding that had been rec- important training programs. Services Committee Subcommittee on ommended in the National Defense Au- The most important things Congress Readiness, I am pleased that the sub- thorization Act, which this body, on a can do to solve these problems are to committee has held two hearings this bipartisan basis, has already voted on. provide funding stability and avoid ar- year on our services’ readiness posture. Returning to the Navy, its mainte- bitrary budget caps that constrain de- To put that in non-DC terms, it means nance-related readiness concerns ex- fense spending below that which is re- just exactly what their conditions are tend to its attack submarine fleet. Ad- quired to protect our Nation. This bill right now and their need for mod- miral Moran recently mentioned that that is before us now does both. More ernization. attack submarines are sometimes sent specifically, only by removing these Today, I would like to share just a to private shipyards for maintenance caps can we avoid the Department of few examples of readiness issues facing because government shipyards are al- Defense having to make difficult our military force. The first are issues ready at capacity with higher priority choices that are so devastating for our plaguing our Navy, and both dem- work, especially and specifically on Armed Forces. In particular, we must onstrate the need to adequately fund aircraft carriers and ballistic missiles avoid their having to make the false not only our Navy but all branches of submarines, but the private shipyards choice of paying for readiness while as- our Armed Forces. do not have the capacity to take on suming the risk for modernization or The first issue concerns the F/A–18 extra repair work. This lack of ship- vice versa. Hornet aircraft. For any Members who yard capacity is severely impacting our The American people expect us to are wondering which aircraft it is, this attack submarine fleet. adequately defend America next year

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:25 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.015 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S627 and for every year to come. This re- under rule XXII, the Chair directs the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The quires us to put an end to continuing clerk to read the motion. clerk will report. resolutions and remove arbitrary budg- The bill clerk read as follows: The legislative clerk read as follows: et caps and the threat of sequestration. CLOTURE MOTION The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- Only by doing so can Congress fulfill We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- NELL] proposes an amendment numbered 1924 its No. 1 responsibility: keeping Ameri- ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the to amendment No. 1923. cans safe. Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby The amendment is as follows: I conclude by again thanking the ma- move to bring to a close debate on the mo- Strike ‘‘2’’ and insert ‘‘3’’ jority leader for bringing the fiscal tion to concur in the House amendment to Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I year 2018 Defense appropriations bill to the Senate amendment to H.R. 695, a bill to suggest the absence of a quorum. the floor. He can’t do it alone. He needs amend the National Child Protection Act of 1993 to establish a national criminal history The PRESIDING OFFICER. The our cooperation. He needs our under- background check system and criminal his- clerk will call the roll. standing as to just how critical this is. tory review program for certain individuals The bill clerk proceeded to call the If there is not unanimous consent to who, related to their employment, have ac- roll. move forward, it will require 60 of us to cess to children, the elderly, or individuals Mr. COONS. Mr. President, I ask agree. It is time to bring this bill to with disabilities, and for other purposes. Mitch McConnell, John Cornyn, Mike unanimous consent that the order for the floor for full debate and passage. the quorum call be rescinded. I ask all of my colleagues to support Crapo, Jerry Moran, Richard Burr, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. it, get it to the President’s desk as David Perdue, Tom Cotton, Shelley Moore Capito, Deb Fischer, James M. CRUZ). Without objection, it is so or- soon as possible, and finally bring an Inhofe, Pat Roberts, Roger F. Wicker, dered. end to the defense component of a con- John Hoeven, John Barrasso, John OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DRILLING tinuing resolution that, with arbitrary Boozman, Steve Daines, Mike Rounds. Mr. COONS. Mr. President, I come to budget caps, is so severely impacting MOTION TO REFER WITH AMENDMENT NO. 1922 the readiness of our Armed Forces. the floor today to join my colleagues, Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I both Republican and Democrat, in rais- Thank you. move to refer the House message on I yield the floor. ing the alarm about a decision I believe H.R. 695 to the Committee on Appro- I suggest the absence of a quorum. represents politicized policymaking at The PRESIDING OFFICER. The priations to report back forthwith with its very worst. Just a few weeks ago, clerk will call the roll. instructions. we were notified that the Trump ad- The bill clerk proceeded to call the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ministration’s Interior Department roll. clerk will report the motion. seeks to open up 90 percent—90 per- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I The legislative clerk read as follows: cent—of America’s waters to oil and ask unanimous consent that the order The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- gas drilling. for the quorum call be rescinded. NELL] moves to refer the House message on This was startling news for Ameri- H.R. 695 to the Committee on Appropriations The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cans everywhere but particularly for objection, it is so ordered. to report back forthwith with instructions, being amendment numbered 1922. those of us who come from States along the Atlantic and Pacific coast- f The amendment is as follows: CHILD PROTECTION lines who had no expectation that our At the end add the following. coastal waters were about to be sub- IMPROVEMENTS ACT OF 2017 ‘‘This Act shall take effect 1 day after the date of enactment.’’ jected to the search for oil and gas. The Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I objections to the Trump administra- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I understand that the Senate has re- tion’s decision came swiftly from elect- ask for the yeas and nays on my mo- ceived a message from the House to ac- ed officials in both parties, Repub- tion. company H.R. 695. licans and Democrats, because pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- tecting America’s fragile coastlines sufficient second? jority leader is correct. isn’t—or shouldn’t be—a partisan issue. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I There appears to be a sufficient sec- This decision by President Trump move that the Chair lay before the ond. and Secretary of the Interior Zinke Senate the message to accompany H.R. The yeas and nays were ordered. was not rooted in public input or sci- 695. AMENDMENT NO 1923 . entific analysis. This decision was not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I based on concerns about community question is on agreeing to the motion. have an amendment to the instruc- safety or economic prosperity. This de- The motion was agreed to. tions. The Presiding Officer laid before the cision was our administration putting The PRESIDING OFFICER. The their ‘‘energy dominance’’ goals above Senate the following message from the clerk will report. House of Representatives: all else. The legislative clerk read as follows: I know several of my colleagues have Resolved, That the House agree to the The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- amendment of the Senate to the title of the already spoken out to discuss what this NELL] proposes an amendment numbered 1923 means for their States and how it will bill (H.R. 695) entitled ‘‘An Act to amend the to the instructions of the motion to refer. National Child Protection Act of 1993 to es- impact their constituents, but I am tablish a national criminal history back- Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask unanimous here today to raise my voice for mine, ground check system and criminal history consent that the reading of the amend- to fight for Delaware. In Delaware, our review program for certain individuals who, ment be dispensed with. coasts are critical to our local environ- related to their employment, have access to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ment and our robust economy. Dela- children, the elderly, or individuals with dis- objection, it is so ordered. ware has 28 miles of Atlantic coast- abilities, and for other purposes.’’ and be it The amendment is as follows: further line—some of the most pristine, most Resolved, That the House agree to the Strike ‘‘1 day’’ and insert ‘‘2 days’’ beautiful beaches in the entire coun- amendment of the Senate to the text of the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I try. aforementioned bill, with an amendment. ask for the yeas and nays on my As you can see in this graphic of our MOTION TO CONCUR amendment. boardwalk at Rehoboth Beach, DE, our Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a 28 miles of coastline employ 10 percent move to concur in the House amend- sufficient second? of our total State workforce. That is a ment to the Senate amendment to H.R. There appears to be a sufficient sec- remarkable amount of economic activ- 695. ond. ity in a very small space. Our coastline CLOTURE MOTION The yeas and nays were ordered. generates $6.9 billion in economic ac- I send a cloture motion to the desk AMENDMENT NO. 1924 TO AMENDMENT NO. 1923 tivity every year and hosts thousands on the motion to concur. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I of acres of protected land. It includes The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- have a second-degree amendment at on our bay shore side two national ture motion having been presented the desk. wildlife refuges that serve as critical

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:19 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.016 S06FEPT1 S628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 habitat for bald eagles, white-tailed the oil and gas industry and partisan ‘‘Statements on Introduced Bills and deer, and striped bass. The future of politics over those of independent sci- Joint Resolutions.’’) our coastal economy depends on rec- entists, coastal residents, and the Mr. GRASSLEY. I yield the floor. reational access, fishing, and tourism, elected officials who speak for our I suggest the absence of a quorum. which are now potentially at risk be- coastal communities. That was made The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cause of this ill-advised decision to painfully clear when the Republican clerk will call the roll. open the coastline off of Delaware and Governor of Florida, a close ally of the The senior assistant legislative clerk the rest of the mid-Atlantic to poten- President, petitioned to shield just proceeded to call the roll. tial oil and gas exploration and produc- Florida from potential oil and gas ex- Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I ask tion. ploration and production. unanimous consent that the order for My colleagues know that I make an Sure enough, Florida promptly got a the quorum call be rescinded. effort to promote pragmatic and bipar- public promise from Secretary Zinke The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tisan ideas. It is one of my top prior- that its coastlines would be spared. I objection, it is so ordered. ities, day in and day out, to work am sure Florida’s coastline is beau- COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS across the aisle and do what is right for tiful. In fact, I visited Florida’s coast- Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, it is our constituents and for the United line, and I can tell you it is beautiful. no secret that our country faces a States. But guess what; so is Delaware’s. We major healthcare crisis and, in fact, a Let me be clear. My view is not based deserve to be able to protect our coast- dysfunctional healthcare system. on an anti-oil or anti-natural gas mes- line just as much as Floridians do. I in- We have some 30 million people who sage. I support an ‘‘all of the above’’ vite Secretary Zinke to once again have no health insurance, and that energy strategy and have advanced leg- come to Delaware but to instead see number is going to go up in the coming islation that will embrace an ‘‘all of the coastline and see these fragile re- year. We have even more people who the above’’ energy strategy, and I ac- sources and see what they have to offer are underinsured, with high deductibles knowledge there are many places in for wildlife, for conservation, for fish- and copayments. Our people pay the the United States where we can, and ing, for hunting, and for tourism. highest prices in the world for prescrip- do, safely produce these resources, both Secretary Zinke promising to exempt tion drugs, which means that millions onshore and offshore. But what if we Florida is the Trump administration of people who go to the doctor to get a happen to face a spill of the scale and deciding which States have to deal prescription are simply unable to af- size of Deepwater Horizon? with oil and gas drilling based purely ford the bill. In fact, the description of This is an overlay of the footprint of on partisan, political considerations. I that is the definition of a dysfunc- the 2010 oil disaster of the Deepwater tional, failing healthcare system. Horizon and how it spread to impact think the state of our coastal communities and local economies shouldn’t be In the midst of all of that, there is the gulf coastline. It is perhaps a little another particular crisis dealing with hard to see here, but the State of Dela- auctioned off to the highest bidder and shouldn’t be subject to partisan poli- primary healthcare, and that is that ware and New Jersey and its fragile even when people do have health insur- coastline are underneath that foot- tics. Instead, they should be protected based on science and based on the ance in many parts of our country, print. It suggests how we might end up they are finding it very hard to go to a facing dramatic impacts, negative im- views of coastal communities. I am here today to voice my profound doctor and to get in to a doctor to pacts on tourism and fishing that de- treat the ailments that they have. We pend on clean coastlines to support disappointment in this blatant neglect of local voices and the well-being of in- fall behind many other countries in tens of thousands of jobs and billions of terms of our lack of emphasis on pri- dollars of economic activity in my dividual States and coastal communities. I came to the floor to fight for mary healthcare, which should be the home State. heart and soul of any strong healthcare If we are going to think seriously my State and to raise the local voices system. The bottom line is that when about doing this, we need to think I have heard from our coastal commu- you get sick, you should be able to get about the impacts. We need to ask nities. Our coastlines are just too frag- to the doctor when you need to and not whether the costs outweigh the bene- ile and too vital and too important to have to wait weeks and months in fits. When it comes to the Trump- let partisan politics get in the way of order to do so. Zinke plan to drill off the coast of their future. In the midst of a failing primary Delaware, I am here to tell you that With that, I yield the floor. healthcare system, there is one very the potential costs dramatically out- I suggest the absence of a quorum. strong bright spot, and that is that for weigh the benefits. As you can see in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The many decades now, in every State in this graphic, a spill the size of the clerk will call the roll. this country, we have had community Deepwater Horizon could devastate all The senior assistant legislative clerk health centers run by the people them- of our beach communities and pro- proceeded to call the roll. tected wildlife areas in Delaware and Mr. COONS. Mr. President, I ask selves—democratically run—addressing the region. unanimous consent that the order for the healthcare needs of those given Again, protecting our coastlines, an the quorum call be rescinded. communities. Today, in America, we idea supported by scientists and coast- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without have about 27 million people—27 mil- al residents alike, should not be a par- objection, it is so ordered. lion men, women, and children—who are accessing community health cen- tisan issue. In Delaware alone, mul- f tiple city councils, all up and down our ters. In my own State of Vermont, one RECESS coast, have openly opposed offshore out of four Vermonters gets their pri- drilling through letters and resolutions The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under mary healthcare through a community they have sent to me and the rest of the previous order, the Senate stands health center. our congressional delegation. in recess until 2:15 p.m. These centers do more than provide Coastal lawmakers from both parties Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:29 p.m., primary healthcare. They also provide have opposed offshore drilling. I know recessed until 2:15 p.m. and reassem- dental care, an issue that is too often for a fact the same is happening in vir- bled when called to order by the Pre- ignored when we talk about the tually every other coastal State poten- siding Officer (Mr. PORTMAN). healthcare crisis. They provide mental tially impacted by this unwise deci- f health counseling, which is more im- sion. These are the people we should be portant now than perhaps it has ever CHILD PROTECTION IMPROVE- listening to—the people who don’t just been because of the opioid and heroin MENTS ACT OF 2017—Continued visit the coast for a week in the sum- epidemic our country is experiencing. mer but who live on it, who rely on it, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Equally important, they provide low- who have built their lives and their ator from Iowa. cost prescription drugs at a time when local economy around it. (The remarks of Mr. GRASSLEY per- so many Americans cannot afford the Instead, as this decision shows, the taining to the introduction of S. 2386 medicines they need. That is what Trump administration is prioritizing are printed in today’s RECORD under community health centers do, and they

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:25 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.023 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S629 do it well, and they do it cost effec- ing the drug companies responsible and stand or applaud his speech are guilty tively. accountable for the products they of treason? I certainly hope not. To my mind, there is no question but brought into the market. As some peo- The one who levels such a charge that there is strong bipartisan support ple may recall, in April of 1994, the knows neither the meaning of ‘‘trea- here in the Senate and in the House for CEOs of the seven largest tobacco com- son’’ nor the power that the words of a community health centers. Yet now we panies testified before the House En- President carry. If we are numb to such have gone over 4 months into the 2018 ergy and Commerce Subcommittee on words, then we will surely regret that fiscal year, and we still have not reau- Health and the Environment in a his- we failed to defend our colleagues in thorized funding for community health toric hearing. What that hearing was Congress against such a vile remark, centers. Frankly, I do not understand about was, under oath, demanding to but our silence will also mark the day how it happens that when we have know what the executives from the to- we failed to recognize that this conduct strong bipartisan support in the House bacco industry knew and when they in an American President simply is not and the Senate for programs that are knew it. Did they know that their normal. working extremely well in every State product was addictive? Did they know I wish I could stand here today and in this country, the Republican leader- that tobacco caused cancer, heart dis- say my words of last October have been ship still has not reauthorized the com- ease, and other medical problems? proven wrong; that I had been unfair to munity health center program. There They were asked to hold their hands up inveigh against the daily sundering of is good bipartisan legislation right and under oath tell the committee our country; that I had been mistaken here in the Senate that has, I think, what they knew. about the personal attacks; that I had the support of virtually everybody in I think it is now appropriate for the exaggerated the threats against prin- the Democratic caucus. Seven or eight Senate to do the same with those drug ciples, freedoms, and institutions, the Republicans are supporting it. It is the companies that are producing opioids. I flagrant disregard for truth and de- Blunt-Stabenow bill. It is a 5-year ex- think we need to know what the drug cency, and the reckless provocations, tension of community health centers companies knew in terms of the addict- most often for the pettiest and most reauthorization with a modest increase ive qualities of those drugs. There is personal reasons, reasons that have in the budget. If that bill came to the some evidence out there that suggests nothing whatsoever to do with the for- floor today, my guess is that it would that drug companies, in fact, did know tunes of the people we have all been get 70, 80 votes—maybe even more. We that the product they were selling was elected to serve—I wish I could say I have gone 4 months into the fiscal in fact addictive, but they forgot to had been wrong, but I cannot. year, and we still have not seen that tell the doctors—and certainly not the I have seen the President’s most ar- bill reauthorized. dent defenders use the now-weary argu- What is happening all over this coun- patients. It is one thing for somebody to do ment that the President’s comments try is that community health centers, something in ignorance, not knowing were meant as a joke, just sarcasm, which often struggle with recruitment only tongue in cheek, but treason is and retention, are finding it harder the impact of what you produce. That not a punch line. than ever to retain the doctors, nurses, happens all the time. It is something The President said the State of the and other medical staff they need be- very different if, in fact, the manufac- Union Address was meant to promote cause applicants are looking around turer of a product understands that the and encourage unity in government. and saying: Why should I work at a product causes addiction, that the Then why, less than a week later, fol- community health center if I don’t product causes death. We need to get to low up with this divisive and harmful even know if it is going to be there the root of that issue. We need to know next year? Why should I stay at a com- what the drug companies knew and rhetoric? Unity is not secured in a munity health center if I can get a bet- when they knew that. speech. It must be pursued constantly ter job offer and I don’t know if this I would hope very much that in the through appropriate behavior, mutual community health center will be fund- Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- respect, and gained by effective leader- ed? sions Committee, which has jurisdic- ship. Respect is earned, not com- As a result of 4 months of inaction, tion over this issue, we could bring the manded. Applause signals approval of community health centers all over this executives of those drug companies an idea, not loyalty to one’s country. country are hurting. I say enough is that produce these opioids before us, Our Democratic colleagues love this enough. Right now, as soon as possible, because not only are we talking about country as much as we do. To suggest we need to reauthorize the community 60,000 people a year dying as a result of otherwise is simply unconscionable. health center program for at least 5 overdoses, but what we are talking None of us in Congress pledge loyalty years, and we need to make sure there about also is the expenditure of tens of or service to the President. This is not is adequate funding so that they can billions of dollars in healthcare and a royal court. Our oath is to the Con- continue to do the excellent work they law enforcement associated with opioid stitution and to the people. As Mem- are doing all over this country. addiction. bers of Congress, we must never accept OPIOID EPIDEMIC I hope that we can move forward and undignified discourse as normal be- Mr. President, there is another issue have those executives come before us cause of the requirements of tribal that I would like to briefly touch upon. and tell us under oath what they knew party politics. There has been a lot of discussion—ap- and when they knew it, because I think None of this behavior should ever be propriately so—about the opioid epi- the time is long overdue for us to hold regarded as normal. We must never demic that is sweeping the United them accountable. allow ourselves to lapse into thinking States. We have lost some 63,000 Ameri- With that, I yield the floor. this is just the way things are now. cans as a result of opioid overdoses in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- We will get through this period, and 2016 alone. Families by the millions are ator from Arizona. when we do, we will look back at the being impacted. STEWARDSHIP FOR OUR DEMOCRACY destruction of our discourse and the at- I was in Brattleboro, VT, a few weeks Mr. FLAKE. Mr. President, last fall I tacks on our democratic values as ago, and they talked to me about what had the honor to stand in this Chamber nothing but a tragedy. May we also be is happening to the children whose par- and deliver remarks on the subject of a able to say they were an aberration. ents are addicted to opioids. They need great and growing concern to me—the That, my colleagues, is up to us. We to find foster homes for those children. stewardship of our democracy at the must recognize this is aberrant, de- This is clearly an epidemic that has hands of the most powerful figure in structive behavior, whatever rationale to be dealt with. We have to increase our government. I stand again today to its defenders may offer, and we must funding for prevention to make sure sound the same alarm. never shrink from opposing it, for it is young people don’t get swept up into Words matter. Have we arrived at in opposing this behavior that we de- the epidemic and also for treatment for such a place of numb acceptance that fend our norms, our ideals, and our val- those people who are addicted. we have nothing to say when the Presi- ues. It is in opposing this behavior that There is an issue that we have not dent of the United States casually sug- we stand for decency. touched upon enough, and that is hold- gests that those who choose not to Thank you.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.026 S06FEPT1 S630 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 I yield the floor. nies have barely experienced the bene- istration’s failure to prioritize defense The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. fits of tax reform, and already they are left our Armed Forces with manpower HOEVEN). The Senator from South Da- moving to invest in their workers and deficits and delayed the acquisition of kota is recognized. in the economy. As the benefits of tax 21st-century weapons and equipment. TAX REFORM reform continue to sink in and accrue, The Defense appropriations bill we Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, the good we can expect to see more growth, will vote on this week provides critical news for American workers continues more jobs, and more opportunities for funding for restoring military readi- to roll in. Just take a look at the head- American workers. ness and would be a downpayment on lines from the last week: ‘‘Pfizer Plans The past month of good news is the equipping our troops with the re- $5 Billion Boost in U.S. Manufacturing reason we made business tax reform a sources they need to meet the threats From Tax Law Changes’’; ‘‘Cigna raises key part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. of the 21st century. Unfortunately, pas- wages, benefits following tax law’’; We are deeply committed to immediate sage of this bill is in jeopardy here in ‘‘CEO: Lehigh Valley small businesses relief for the American people, which is the Senate, thanks to Senate Demo- to benefit from federal tax overhaul’’; why we cut tax rates, doubled the crats. Democrats have blocked a De- ‘‘Altria Group will pay $3,000 bonus to standard deduction, and doubled the fense appropriations bill six times over all non-executive employees’’; ‘‘Ozarks child tax credit, delivering immediate, the past almost 3 years now, and they workers to receive bonuses, benefits meaningful tax relief to middle-class look set to block that bill once again. thanks to tax changes’’; ‘‘Charter Sets families in this country. But we want That is not acceptable. $15 Minimum Wage’’; ‘‘Lowe’s to pay more for American workers than just a Funding the government by con- U.S. staff $1,000 bonus following tax re- tax cut, as valuable as those are; we tinuing resolution rather than by ap- form.’’ also want American workers to have propriations bills is never ideal, but it The number of companies increasing access to the kinds of jobs and opportu- is particularly problematic for the wages, boosting retirement contribu- nities that will set them up for secu- military. Under a continuing resolutions, or handing out bonuses thanks rity and prosperity for the long term. tion, new programs are delayed, and to tax reform continues to soar. Last Good jobs, good wages, and good oppor- the military’s ability to transfer week at this time, the number was over tunities were in short supply during money between accounts—for acquisi- 250; now it is up over 300, and it keeps the last Presidency, and we are deter- tion purposes, for example—is re- growing. Businesses are making plans mined to improve things for American stricted. That is a big problem when to invest in their workers, raise wages, workers. So we took action to improve the security of our Nation depends on create new jobs, and invest in the U.S. the situation for American businesses the very programs and purchases the economy. Fiat Chrysler, AT&T, Boe- since the only way individual Ameri- military makes. ing, Home Depot, Great Western Bank cans thrive is if American businesses Defense Secretary James Mattis has in my home State of South Dakota, and the American economy thrive. warned that ‘‘long-term CRs impact AaLadin Industries, Southwest, Best Prior to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the readiness of our forces and their Buy, AccuWeather, Visa, Nationwide American businesses large and small equipment at a time when security Insurance, Jet Blue—the list of compa- were weighed down by high tax rates threats are extraordinarily high’’—not nies announcing good news for Amer- and growth-killing tax provisions. to mention at a time when our mili- ican workers thanks to tax reform goes Plus, our outdated international tax tary is already under extra pressure as on and on. rules left America’s global businesses it works to repair the deficits of the The Nation’s largest private em- at a competitive disadvantage in the Obama years. ployer, Walmart, announced an in- global economy. Passing a defense appropriations bill, crease in its starting wage for hourly The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act changed instead of subjecting the military to a employees and bonuses for eligible em- all that. We lowered tax rates across constant procession of continuing reso- ployees. It also announced expanded the board for owners with small- and lutions, would go a long way toward maternity and parental leave benefits medium-sized businesses, farms, and ensuring our military men and women and the creation of a new adoption ben- ranches. We expanded business owners’ are prepared to confront the threats efit for employees. More than 1 million ability to recover investments they that are facing our Nation. It is too Walmart employees will benefit from make in their businesses, which will bad that Democrats seem to be unable these changes. free up cash that they can invest in to look beyond politics to the needs of JPMorgan Chase announced that it their operations and their workers. We our military. Democrats may not pay a will raise wages for 22,000 workers, add lowered our Nation’s massive corporate price for opposing this bill this week, thousands of jobs, and open 400 new tax rate, which, up until January 1 of but our military will. branches in the United States. It also this year, was the highest corporate It is high time that we pass the De- plans to increase its lending to small tax rate in the industrialized world. We fense appropriations bill. We need to businesses. brought the U.S. international tax sys- stop this obstruction, stop this block- Tech giant Apple announced that tem into the 21st century by replacing ing. Six times in the last 3 years al- thanks to tax reform, it will bring our outdated worldwide system with a ready they have blocked passage of De- home to the United States almost $250 modernized territorial tax system so fense appropriations, and here we are billion in cash it has been keeping that American businesses are not oper- again faced this week with yet another overseas and finally now invest it here ating at a disadvantage next to their opportunity to provide the critical and in the United States. It also announced foreign competitors. necessary funding for the American that it will create 20,000 new jobs and Now, just a month and a half into the military—our men and women in uni- provide $2,500 stock bonuses to its em- new tax law, we are already seeing the form who every single day are out ployees. results: increased investment in the there defending our freedoms—and it FedEx announced plans to expedite American economy, job creation, high- looks as though yet again the Demo- raises and invest $1.5 billion to expand er wages, and benefit increases. As the crats intend to block that critical, im- its FedEx Express hub in Indianapolis. tax law helps U.S. businesses large and portant funding. This needs to come to It is also making a $1.5 billion con- small grow and thrive, we can expect an end. This isn’t about politics; this is tribution to its pension plan. to see a lot more benefits and opportu- about America’s national security in- Last week, ExxonMobil announced nities for American workers in the fu- terests. I hope we can come together that thanks in part to tax reform, it ture. and recognize that and put the best in- will invest an additional $35 billion in Before I close, Mr. President, I would terests of America’s national security the U.S. economy over the next 5 like to say a couple words about the and our men and women in uniform years. That means a lot of new jobs and Defense appropriations bill we are tak- ahead of politics. opportunities for American workers. ing up this week. Mr. President, I yield the floor. As I said before, I could go on and on. By the end of the Obama administra- I suggest the absence of a quorum. It is important to remember that this tion, our military was facing a serious The PRESIDING OFFICER. The is just the beginning. To date, compa- readiness shortfall. The Obama admin- clerk will call the roll.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.024 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S631 The legislative clerk proceeded to The shore-adjacent counties in the from being able to contain more of the call the roll. targeted areas host over 39 million jobs spill. That is why I have fought to im- Ms. CANTWELL. Mr. President, I ask and contribute over $2 trillion in prove oilspill prevention and response unanimous consent that the order for wages. The economies of the shore-ad- in the State of Washington by deploy- the quorum call be rescinded. jacent counties represent 65 percent of ing our Neah Bay tug, which is a full- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the affected coastal States’ GDPs. That time tug, to make sure we get boats objection, it is so ordered. is just one way of saying that coastal safely through our waters; by increas- OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DRILLING States and their economies are big ing oilspill response equipment Ms. CANTWELL. Mr. President, I drivers in our U.S. economy and that throughout the Strait of Juan de Fuca; come to the floor to speak against the they are extremely dependent on clean and by pushing for the Coast Guard to Trump administration’s egregious at- water, coasts, our oceans, and our fish- invest in research on tar sands oil. tack on our pristine coastlines in the eries. Those are some of the things we can Pacific, the Atlantic, Alaska, and the The Washington coast economy relies do to protect ourselves, but we need to eastern Gulf of Mexico. on healthy, sustainable oceans, which do much more. Dramatic increases in oil and gas de- support our fisheries in places such as velopment offshore pose a direct threat We must weigh future decisions Grays Harbor and Pacific County and about where we should allow oil and to our coastal economies in the United in many other parts of our State, to States, particularly in the Pacific gas exploration with the costs to our make sure they have seafood proc- coastal economies. Northwest. I know many of my col- essing, recreation, and tourism. Our leagues are going to join me on the We must incorporate the lessons we Washington maritime economy is have learned from disasters such as floor this afternoon to talk about this worth $50 billion in economic activity and about the specific impacts in their Deepwater Horizon, which is part of and 191,000 jobs, and tourism on the this picture, or the Exxon Valdez in areas. coast adds jobs for anglers, charter The draft leasing plan, which is what order to improve oilspill prevention, boats, cruise guides, restaurants, ho- has been put forth by the Secretary of response, and safety. Herring fish from tels, and more, which are so iconic in the Interior, is an unprecedented at- Prince William Sound are still very the Pacific Northwest. They are the tempt to allow offshore oil and gas much impacted and have not fully re- drilling in over 90 percent of the U.S. culture and heritage of our coastal covered after the Exxon Valdez. So Outer Continental Shelf, including in communities. telling our fishermen that this is a The fact that so many recreational Washington and Oregon. great idea, that Washington fisheries, fishermen can be out on our healthy The truth is that instead of creating whether they be crab or other fisheries, oceans and attracting more people to new jobs in the oil and gas sector, the should be susceptible to these kinds of come and explore is so much a part of administration is poised to choose big spills—that is just not something our the Northwest that putting it at risk oil jobs over the ocean-dependent in- fishermen want to hear. to oilspill activities or activities re- dustries like fishing, shipbuilding, and In addition to these efforts to drill lated to exploration is just not some- tourism on our coasts. I know this be- off of our coasts—efforts that have thing these communities want to do. cause I just traveled to many of our been repeatedly blocked in the past— Just this past week, I received resolu- coastal communities in the State of President Trump wants to roll back tions from various communities on our Washington, which make their liveli- important safety regulations that were Pacific coast that urged that this idea hoods off of fishing or tourism, that are put in place after Deepwater Horizon, be turned down. very concerned by this proposal. And such as blowout preventer systems, just yesterday, a public hearing was The Washington and Oregon coasts are not really suited for oil and gas de- well control, and production safety sys- supposed to take place in Tacoma, WA, tems. which was canceled. The Trump admin- velopment. First of all, there are extreme sea states, treacherous storms, Now Secretary Zinke wants to open istration failed to account for the these coastal areas. Our State has been value of the existing robust coastal and and the remote nature of our coastlines. As one of our maritime commu- responding to his proposal for months ocean economies that could be jeopard- and months. We gave very important ized by expanding offshore drilling in nities told me, it doesn’t really have the resources for cleanup in the area. If data to say that this was not a good those areas. idea off the coast of Washington. It is Our ocean-related economy is so im- a spill happened, who would be there to interesting because Secretary Zinke portant to our State that expanding clean it up? In the meantime, our fish- made a last-minute decision with re- drilling directly threatens the ocean ermen, if they have oil sheens behind gard to Florida, which didn’t turn in environment and marine resources that their fishing boats, can be fined. If we support millions of jobs in construc- are ready to fine fishermen for oil its information about its State on this tion, fishing, shipbuilding, tourism, sheens behind their boats, why are we issue. Then later, after a visit with the recreation, and maritime transport. proposing a plan in the treacherous Governor, Secretary Zinke said that The ocean-related industries in the waters of the Pacific Northwest with- this was something he didn’t want to areas targeted by the administration’s out having any idea who is going to see happen. The people of Washington plan contribute over 2.2 million direct clean up the mess? don’t want political games played. jobs, nearly $75 billion in wages, and Adding to the risk in the Pacific They want to have their say on this over $150 billion in GDP. The reason I Northwest is the Cascadia Subduction issue, and they want to make sure bring this up is that the economic ben- Zone—one of the most dangerous faults their voices are heard loud and clear. efits of these industries cannot be over- in the United States. The Cascadia Our coastal economies are too impor- stated: nearly $8 billion from fishing Subduction Zone is long overdue to tant to us, from a jobs and cultural and seafood, nearly $70 billion from create a significant earthquake. You perspective, to go about even proposing marine transport, and over $125 billion hear from lots of people about this. In the research on drilling in our coastal from tourism and recreation. fact, after The New Yorker wrote a big areas. We know that oilspills or other nat- story called ‘‘The Really Big One,’’ I am disappointed that yesterday ural disasters related to oil and gas ac- many people from across the country there was a last-minute postponement tivities, such as the Exxon Valdez or emailed me to ask: Are we ready for of a public meeting that was supposed the Deepwater Horizon disaster, can this to happen? I can tell you, with to take place in Tacoma, WA, to hear disrupt entire coastal economies. For what happened in Japan, people are from our citizens about their opposi- example, if you took just the Deep- very concerned about how we prepare tion to expanding oil drilling off our water Horizon spill in size and com- for that in the Pacific Northwest. So it coasts. I am not sure whether there pared it to the coastal areas of Wash- makes no sense to put an oil rig on one will be a hearing rescheduled or ex- ington and Oregon, the impacted area of the most high-risk, earthquake- actly what was behind the cancelation, would cover all of Washington and a prone zones in the United States. but it was one of the first opportunities big chunk of Oregon. We know that In a 1991 spill, the dangerous and Washingtonians could have had to ex- these can be devastating. choppy seas prevented first responders press their views on this issue.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.030 S06FEPT1 S632 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 Based on the vocal opposition of our land line to just north of Lewes, DE. State—including Delaware and up on communities, I sent a letter to Sec- Each year, Delaware’s coasts generate north to Maine—that was not lucky retary Zinke, with 15 of my House and almost $7 billion. Our beach commu- enough to get an exemption from Sec- Senate colleagues from the Pacific nities in places like Rehoboth Beach, retary Zinke is that President Trump Northwest, calling on Washington and Dewey Beach, and surrounding areas happens to have beach-front property Oregon to not be part of a future lease support nearly 60,000 jobs in a little in Florida. Believe me, I understand program. I know that many people, in- State with not quite 1 million people. that a potential oilspill off of the Flor- cluding our Governor, have done the It supports $711 million in tax reve- ida coast would be bad for business at same. Members from the Pacific, At- nues. Again, the State budget is right Mar-a-Lago and that the President’s lantic, gulf coast, and even Alaska are around $4 billion. Delaware may be a guests probably don’t want the view writing to Secretary Zinke, asking him small State—I like to say we are the from the resort obstructed by offshore to exclude their areas from future 49th largest State—but we have a lot of oil rigs. I understand that because an drilling activities. coast-related activities, and they are a overwhelming majority of Delawareans I am very concerned that we are big business for a little State, pro- feel the same way, and their voices de- wasting taxpayer money in reanalyzing viding more than 10 percent of the serve to be heard too. what we have analyzed before—that oil First State’s total employment, taxes, It is not just the Delawareans or even and gas development in the Pacific and business production. Jeopardizing Democrats who acknowledge that in- Northwest does not make sense for our the environmental and economic creased oil drilling off of our coasts is coastal communities. We will fight to health of the entire Atlantic coast is the wrong move. Republican Governors protect our fishing jobs, our tourism, the wrong move, and we simply think and lawmakers from States such as our recreation, and all of the things it is not worth the risk. Georgia and South Carolina—and all that are part of the center of our cul- You don’t just have to take my word the way up to Massachusetts and New ture on our coasts. We hope Secretary for it. Experts, scientists, and residents Hampshire—have publicly stated their Zinke will follow science, protect our living in communities along the coast opposition to the Trump administra- coastal economy, stop this foolish idea that will be most impacted by this de- tion’s plan because the risks are simply that drilling off of our coast is either cision agree, especially since the not worth the potential reward. necessary or prudent, and move about threat of climate change continues to If the administration insists on pro- to protect our Federal lands. grow. ceeding with this proposal, then, it I thank the Presiding Officer. Delawareans are similarly concerned should carve out the cherished Dela- I yield the floor. about the dangers posed by oil and gas ware coast and similar areas along the I suggest the absence of a quorum. exploration activities, including the Atlantic from any efforts to increase The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. use of seismic-testing air guns to drilling. As we have heard said many FLAKE). The clerk will call the roll. search for offshore oil and gas deposits. times, what is good for the goose is The bill clerk proceeded to call the In August 2016, roughly 18 months ago, good for the gander. In Florida, Sec- roll. over 40 State and local elected officials retary Zinke has clearly established Mr. CARPER. Mr. President, I ask in Delaware sent a letter to the De- the standard that should apply to any unanimous consent that the order for partment of Interior—this was in the coastal area that would be part of an the quorum call be rescinded. last administration—expressing their offshore leasing plan. If it is an area in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without opposition to proposed seismic surveys. which coastal activities and industries objection, it is so ordered. Their concerns, in my view, are well- yield greater economic value and Mr. CARPER. Mr. President, today I founded. The negative impact of the oil where local communities are solidly rise to address an issue that probably and gas industry’s seismic testing on opposed, then those areas should get is not of great concern to the citizens ocean ecosystems and the life they sup- the same exemption that has been of Arizona, but, certainly, it is of a lot port—from plankton at the base of the awarded to the Sunshine State of Flor- of concern for people who happen to ocean food chain and all the way to ida. live on the east coast and the west whales at the top—is well documented. This President is a businessman, and coast of our Nation. Despite the widespread opposition and the numbers are clear. Increased drill- I join my colleagues on both coasts proof of harmful consequences, pro- ing does not make economic sense. I in opposition to the Trump administra- ponents of increased drilling for oil urge President Trump to rethink this tion’s recent proposal to open up parts would argue that oil and gas develop- shortsighted proposal and to side with of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and ment could represent economic benefit coastal residents from Maine to Miami. the Gulf of Mexico to more oil and gas in selected areas along our coast. But Mr. President, I yield back. drilling. For a long time, I have advo- these areas are already the beneficiary We have been joined by my col- cated for an ‘‘all of the above’’ strategy of remarkable economic benefits de- leagues from Florida and Oregon, and I to meet our country’s energy needs, as rived from and contingent on a yield to one of them. we move our country toward greater healthy, vital, and sustainable ocean To whom shall I yield? energy efficiency and the use of renew- environment off of our shores. As a re- I am happy to yield to the ranking able energy and to energy independ- sult, these communities do not take member of the Finance Committee. ence. In my view, the administration’s the prospect of compromising these The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- recent proposal to expand drilling off natural resources lightly, nor should ator from Oregon. of our coasts into new areas is not nec- we. Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I thank essary at this time. It is unnecessary Do you know who also recognizes both of my colleagues, and I thank my at this time. that coastal communities could be neg- colleague from Florida for his cour- Just 8 years ago, we saw very clearly atively impacted if their natural re- tesy. I am going to be brief. with the Deepwater Horizon disaster sources were compromised? The answer My views on this issue can be that oilspills do not respect State is our Interior Secretary, Mr. Ryan summed up in a tweet that I sent on boundaries and that severe environ- Zinke. In fact, that was the exact jus- Saturday. I was home having town mental and financial costs of oilspills tification that Secretary Zinke used to meetings. I go to every county every last, in some cases, not just for years carve Florida’s gulf coast out of the year, and I had just wrapped up in or decades but for generations. A spill Trump administration’s proposal. Sec- Astoria, and I was on my way to anywhere along the east coast could retary Zinke pointed out that other Tillamook. easily affect the pristine beaches of States—like Louisiana, for example— We stopped at Rockaway Beach, on Delaware and the vibrant coastal com- are ‘‘working coasts’’ that are ‘‘very the spectacular Oregon coast, and I de- munities that rely on fishing, tourism, much different than a recreation-cen- cided that I would send a tweet and and recreational activities to drive tric coast that’s in Florida.’’ start it off with a question: Drilling on their local economy. It seems to me that maybe, just the Oregon coast? The answer was this: Delaware’s coast isn’t all that long. maybe, the only real difference be- You have got to be kidding me. On my It is about 25, 30 miles, from the Mary- tween Florida and every other coastal watch, that is going to be the policy we

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.032 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S633 are going to have for protecting the Or- really relevant is that of a Republican it is great news for jobs and the econ- egon coast. That is what Oregonians Governor, and that is about as nakedly omy. are saying today, specifically. In fact, political as it gets around Wash- I yield the floor. Oregonians are lining up to make their ington—a big gift for the oil and gas The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- opposition known by protesting this companies but one that poses an enor- ator from Maine. proposal outside a meeting today, mous danger to the economies and en- Mr. KING. Mr. President, first, I hosted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy vironment of local communities along thank the Senator from Florida for Management in Salem. our coast. yielding and congratulate him on the We have a picturesque coastline that Finally, the decision doesn’t make success of this launch in Florida. As he looks as if it is right out of a story- sense in terms of energy policy. Our said, it is a huge boost, if you will, for book. It is 362 miles that supports country is more energy-secure now the space industry in his State and a 22,000 jobs and a $2 billion economy. than ever. The International Energy huge advantage for our country. It is a Tourism, fishing, and recreation are all Agency reports that within 10 years the really amazing technological feat that dependent on a healthy Pacific Ocean. United States will move from being a I think will be positive. Our coast is entirely publicly owned, net importer of oil to a net exporter. OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DRILLING and it has been protected from oil and So Secretary Zinke’s scheme to expand Mr. President, I rise just for a few gas drilling for decades. That is, in offshore drilling is going to benefit— minutes to talk about the decision to large part, because we have learned let’s acknowledge that—a handful of allow drilling for oil and gas off of our harsh lessons from the past. In 1999, the Big Oil interests and then leave hard- coasts. This is a very consequential freighter New Carissa ran aground off working fishing families and coastal and serious decision involving impor- the coast of Coos Bay. The ship split business owners to pick up the bill. tant policy questions, and it has impor- apart, spilling tens of thousands of gal- That is not how we do things on our tant implications for all of the coastal lons of oil and diesel that covered our west coast. States and indeed for our country. beaches in oil and tar balls. Some of The lasting economic uncertainty My concern, to echo some of the com- that toxic mess remained on our beach- and ultimate environmental degrada- ments that have already been made, is es for almost a decade, costing tens of tion are not worth it, and today, on be- that there was very little, if any, con- millions of dollars to clean up. half of the people of Oregon, I urge Sec- sultation with the interested parties The thousands of fishermen, recre- retary Zinke to rescind his proposal. along our coastal States. In Maine— ation business owners, and guides I yield the floor and thank my col- which, by the way, according to shouldn’t have to go to bed at night league from Florida for his courtesy. geographers I have talked to, has the hoping there is not a spill or an explo- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. longest coast of any State in the coun- sion—or risk their livelihoods on the DAINES). The Senator from Florida. try; I am sure I will get some debate good will of oil and gas executives. To Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I ask about that from some of my col- make matters even more ominous, just unanimous consent that I make an an- leagues—we depend upon our coast. days before announcing his intention nouncement and then defer to Senator Tourism and visitation to our beaches to open up our entire coastline to oil KING and then that it come back to me and coastal communities are a billion- and gas drilling, Secretary Zinke re- for my statement about offshore drill- dollar industry—the largest single em- versed basic safety standards for working. ployer in our State. So that is an enor- ers that were adopted after the Deep- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without mous economic engine that is cur- water Horizon disaster. So what you objection, it is so ordered. rently working and running and have here is a double whammy. First, Mr. NELSON. Thank you, Mr. Presi- powering at least a portion of the econ- gut safety standards for oil and gas dent. omy of our State. Of course, on my tie, workers on offshore rigs. That is right; FALCON HEAVY ROCKET I have lobsters, which is a $1.7 billion- gut the safety standards for oil and gas Just a few minutes ago, the largest a-year industry in Maine, and it prom- workers. Second, increase the prob- rocket since the Moon program, the ises to be even stronger as processing is ability that these workers are going to Saturn V, launched from the Kennedy developed. We also have an offshore be put in danger in the first place. Space Center. People across the world fishing industry—shrimp, shellfish. It As I said on Saturday on my way to saw it on TV, as well as over the inter- is enormously important. It is a part of those town meetings, the people of my net. Thousands of people lined the who we are in the State of Maine. State, Oregonians, overwhelmingly do beaches at the Kennedy Space Center. In my view, this is a pretty straight- not want to be a part of any of this. Perhaps even more impressive is that forward decision. What are the bene- Secretary Zinke went ahead and made this rocket, with three Falcon 9s fits, and what are the costs? The bene- a wrong decision with respect to coast- strapped together—27 engines—took a fits are speculative at best, limited at al drilling without any input from Or- payload for its first test flight. It was best, and the costs are immediate and egon. Our commercial and recreational so successful that the two side Falcon an enormous challenge for us. The cost fisheries industry—hard-working fami- 9s, with the center core of the Falcon of a single incident along our coast, lies who depend on healthy fishing 9—we watched in amazement as they which would affect our lobster industry stocks—had no seat at the table. In returned to Earth, 100 yards apart on or our visitor industry in the summer- fact, an entire west coast industry was two landing zones at the Cape Canav- time and in the spring and the fall, left out of whatever discussions hap- eral Air Force Station. would be catastrophic for our State. pened between the oil executives and At liftoff, the Falcon Heavy gen- I hope that the Department of the In- the Trump officials in the back room of erates 500 million pounds of thrust and terior will back off and enter into a the Department of the Interior. is twice as powerful as any other rock- process by which they make this deci- One day after his decision, Mr. Zinke et currently flying. Especially with the sion by talking to the people who are met with the Republican Governor of ability to land and reuse the boosters, most directly involved. I think this is a Florida, and my colleague who will it promises to be a very affordable way very important issue for all of the speak next has been eloquent on that to get to space. coastal States, and some may say that point, describing the plan as a threat The test launch of the Falcon Heavy this could be advantageous to us. But to the environment and economy of his is a spectacular demonstration of the let’s get the facts, let’s get the data, home State. That was enough for Sec- comeback of Florida’s Space Coast and and let’s understand the upside and the retary Zinke to let Florida off the of the U.S. commercial launch sector, downside. hook, but there has been an outcry of which is succeeding in a big way. Last The entire Maine congressional dele- opposition from the Governors of 15 year, we tied the all-time record for gation, nonpartisan—that is, a Demo- coastal States, including mine. We the number of U.S. commercial crat, an Independent, and two Repub- have raised the very same environ- launches. That is good news for the licans—came out against this designa- mental and economic concerns, yet civil space program; it is good news for tion within hours of its having been Secretary Zinke seems deaf to our national security; it is good news for made. This is one where I think the voices. I guess the only voice that is employment in the United States; and people of our State, through their

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.033 S06FEPT1 S634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 elected representatives, need to be stunt, but it created enormous uncer- people deserve better than this. Florid- heard. tainty about what was truly under con- ians certainly deserve better than this. I hope that the Department of the In- sideration for drilling. I want to thank my fellow Senators terior will back away from this unilat- What did ‘‘off the table’’—in order to for getting out here and raising such a eral decision, make it in a much more try to satisfy Florida’s incumbent Gov- ruckus so that we can get the Amer- considered way, listen to the residents, ernor—mean? Does it apply to the At- ican people to focus on what is hap- the industries, and the businesses that lantic coast of Florida, as well, or just pening and the political stunts that are are affected by a decision like this, and to the gulf coast? Is it the whole mora- being done by the Secretary of the In- let our States have the important role torium area of the eastern gulf? Does it terior. that they should play in a decision of include the Straits of Florida off the I yield the floor. this magnitude, affecting their citi- delicate Florida Keys, or will it be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- zens. carved in half to appease the oil indus- ator from New Jersey. As I said, I think this is an important try in the eastern Gulf of Mexico? Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. President, first decision. It deserves much deeper con- The administration—specifically Sec- of all, let me congratulate my col- sideration, and I believe the people of retary Zinke—is playing fast and loose league from Florida on the most recent Maine will very promptly say that this with a process that affects millions of historic launch. There is no one who isn’t something we are willing to sup- people in the State of Florida, and Flo- has been a greater advocate for Amer- port. ridians deserve to know what is going ica’s space program than Senator NEL- Thank you. on. That is why I sounded the alarm SON. I appreciate his leadership as well I yield the floor. immediately, within 10 minutes after on this issue, which goes all the way The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Secretary Zinke’s announcement. from Florida, across the entire Atlan- ator from Florida. I have been through this process be- tic and, of course, the Pacific as well. Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I see my fore—ever since I was a young Con- I rise in strong opposition to the good friend the Senator from New Jer- gressman representing the east coast of Trump administration’s offshore drill- sey here, and I just want to make a few Florida—with a Secretary of the Inte- ing plan. I am here to speak on behalf comments, since I have been at the rior, James Watt, who wanted to drill of New Jersey’s shore businesses—the center of this firestorm. off the east coast of Florida. In fact, restaurants, the bait-and-tackle shops, I am here again to talk about the back then, in the mid-1980s, we were and the bed-and-breakfasts that depend mess that has been created by the 5- launching our military rockets, just as on clean beaches to succeed. Their year drilling plan. Some of the reasons we do today, and the space shuttle was businesses are the lifeblood of the Jer- I have talked about it so much go be- dropping its solid rocket boosters. sey Shore. Their voices deserve to be yond the fact that it is disastrous and These 5-year plans are supposed to be heard. Their livelihoods are on the line. dangerous, not only for all the coastal developed over the course of 1 or 2 Yet this administration remains solely States but for our State of Florida, years with extensive input from the focused on what is good for Big Oil’s which has more beaches than any other public, agency staff, the industries in- bottom line, never mind the con- State and is surrounded by test range. volved, and the environmental commu- sequences for our economy, the health Indeed, just today, the largest rocket nity. Five-year plans aren’t supposed of the planet, or our vibrant coastal since the Apollo program to the Moon to be a goody bag of political favors, communities. has brought back two of its boosters and they can’t be undone by the Sec- The Interior Department’s offshore that didn’t have to fall into the ocean. retary’s press conference or a tweet. drilling plan reads like a wish list for But some may, and you simply cannot That was confirmed by a career em- oil industry executives. Clearly, the have oil rigs out there in the Atlantic ployee, Walter Cruickshank, the Act- Trump administration didn’t consult where we are testing our military rock- ing Director of the Interior’s Bureau of my constituents when drafting this ets, such as today—a commercial rock- Ocean Energy Management. He said plan. By the way, we had already gone et, the Falcon Heavy, has dropped its that at a House committee hearing. It through a 5-year plan, so there were initial stages. The same is true with is no wonder the attorneys general supposed to be 5 years before we revis- the military on the west coast. from 12 coastal States wrote to the ited this, and now we are back at it The largest testing and training area Secretary to warn him that he should again. They didn’t consult the shop for the U.S. military in the world is the terminate the draft proposal—termi- owners in Asbury Park or the fisher- eastern Gulf of Mexico off of Florida. nate it entirely—or else they were men in Belford or the innkeepers in That is why it is off limits in law for going to pursue their appropriate legal Cape May, because if they had, they another 5 years, until the year 2022, avenues. would have learned that our shoreline and we need to expand that. The whole process has been fraught is an economic powerhouse for our Well, my colleagues have endured me with confusion because it was a polit- State. so many times as I have talked about ical stunt, and as a result, we have a Each year, New Jersey’s tourism in- how disastrous it would be, but now we bunch of Senators out here fighting to dustry generates $44 billion in eco- have a different wrinkle with the De- make known what is happening. At the nomic activity, directly and indirectly partment of the Interior. They first same time, the Interior Department is supporting nearly 10 percent of the published a proposal that would open trying to open up America’s entire State’s workforce. Likewise, our sea- up nearly every inch of coastline of the coastline to drilling. They are also food industry supports over 31,000 jobs, entire United States. You are hearing working to undo all the commonsense and we are home to one of America’s all of these coastal Senators speak safety standards that were put in place largest saltwater recreational fish- against it. after the Deepwater Horizon oilspill eries, supporting over 16,000 jobs. To- They pick up on the eastern gulf off that spilled 5 million barrels of oil into gether, the homes and businesses along of Florida; since it is off limits in law the gulf and killed 11 workers on the the Jersey Shore encompass almost until year 2022, they pick up there and rig. Those safety standards include re- $800 billion in property values. start wanting to drill out there. Can quirements like making sure an inde- All of this adds up to a simple re- you imagine what that would do to the pendent third party, such as a profes- ality: Clean coasts are vital to the eco- U.S. Air Force, which runs the eastern sional engineer, certifies the offshore nomic security of millions of New gulf test range? drilling safety equipment, such as the Jerseyans. The same holds true for Well, look what happened. They pub- blowout preventer. That malfunctioned towns up and down the Atlantic shore- lished this, and then the very next 5 miles below the surface of the gulf line. Yet the Trump administration day—24 hours later—the Secretary of when it did not cut off the oil at the plans to ignore the concern of the com- the Interior jetted off to Tallahassee wellhead on the floor of the ocean, and munities that have the most to lose. for a 20-minute press conference at the it allowed those 5 million barrels to be They ignore the more than 120 munici- Tallahassee airport and announced spilled. Now Secretary Zinke wants to palities, the 1,200 elected officials, the that Florida was off the table. It was go backward in time and reverse all of 41,000 businesses, and the 500,000 fishing an obvious, transparent, political those safety standards. The American families from up and down the east

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.035 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S635 coast who voiced their opposition the enjoy its pristine beaches. That is why profound. From Norfolk, VA, all the last time oil and gas drilling was being it is all the more baffling that Sec- way down the red south Atlantic coast considered. They ignore concerns from retary Zinke recently said that after to St. Augustine, FL, city after city, the Pentagon and NASA about disrup- hearing from concerned Florida busi- county after county, coastal commu- tions to their operations from drilling nesses and public officials, he would nity after coastal community passed in the Atlantic. They ignore the oppo- consider exempting the State from the resolutions saying: Get that offshore sition of my west coast colleagues to disastrous Trump drilling plan. When drilling out of here. We don’t want it. drilling in the Pacific. They ignore the asked about the decision, the Secretary It was a sweep of that Republican Department of the Interior’s own find- said that ‘‘local voices count.’’ shoreline. It was called the resolution ing that the Arctic drilling comes with Well, I am happy if that is what is revolution because so many resolutions a 75-percent chance of an oilspill in a going to happen for Florida, but guess were passed saying: Get your oil drill- treacherous and challenging environ- what—if it is good enough for Mar-a- ing the heck away from our coasts. ment. Simply put, the Trump drilling Lago, it certainly should be good Ultimately, the Obama administra- plan ignores everyone except Big Oil. enough for the Jersey Shore. That is tion got smart, and in the final ap- What is happening here is a dream why every Member of the New Jersey proval, there was no drilling in the At- scenario for the oil industry, but it is a congressional delegation, Republicans lantic and no drilling in the Pacific. nightmare for our shore communities. and Democrats alike, recently joined They gave some reasons for their It is a gift to corporate polluters at the me on a letter inviting Secretary Zinke choice: strong local opposition was one, expense of our coastal economies. to visit the Jersey Shore. We would be conflicts with other ocean uses was an- By the way, I love these commercials happy to have him meet with commu- other, market dynamics was a third, that I see that talk about American en- nity leaders, business owners, and fam- and comments received from Governors ergy independence. As you have heard ilies who depend on clean coasts. If he was a fourth. my colleague Senator WYDEN say be- wants to focus on the economics of oil So, in the wake of that, here comes fore, we are now an exporter of oil. drilling, I suggest he start with the the Trump administration, and they Well, how is it that you are exporting thousands of people who would be out have seriously gone from dumb to oil? You are drilling it here in the con- of a job if oil starts washing up on our dumber, to go right back into this tinental waters of the United States, beaches. fight, where it blew up in the Obama but you are exporting it abroad for oth- The Secretary needs to hear from administration’s face among the red ers to use. It seems to me that if you constituents of mine like Charles from State communities of the Atlantic are drilling on Federal lands and Tom’s River, who recently wrote to coast. Good luck finding support for waters, you should keep it here for do- say: this up in New England. mestic energy consumption to keep the We already have some shoreline concerns, In New England, our ocean economy price down and to keep energy secu- thanks to Super Storm Sandy. We definitely was valued just a few years ago at over rity. That is real energy security, not don’t need another threat to our economy. $17 billion. It employs about a quarter having Big Oil drill here and then ex- Jeanne from New Brunswick wrote: of a million people. Who thinks we are port it all over the world so that they Tourism is a major New Jersey business. going to walk away from that? Who can make a profit. I don’t know how Our beaches are pristine and must be pro- thinks we are not going to defend that that makes us more energy secure here tected. ocean economy against an idea as at home. He needs to hear from any of the dumb as offshore drilling in the Atlan- Make no mistake—this administra- thousands of New Jerseyans who have tic? We are not going to permit it. tion’s massive expansion of offshore signed my COAST Anti-Drilling Act I have authored, with my House col- drilling is just the beginning. They are citizen petition to permanently ban league DAVID CICILLINE, legislation also working to dismantle minimal drilling in the whole Atlantic Ocean. that the whole New England Senate safety standards for offshore drilling. The Jersey Shore is a national treas- representation supports, to ban this as That is right. The Trump administra- ure, home to generations of family va- a matter of Federal law; to stop this. tion not only wants more offshore cations, successful small businesses, The attorneys general of States from drilling, it also wants to permit more and vibrant coastal communities that Maine down to North Carolina, includ- dangerous offshore drilling. are visited by people from across the ing Massachusetts, Delaware, Rhode Is- The Interior Department reportedly Atlantic coast, Canadians who come land, of course, New Jersey, New York, seeks to weaken the well control rule— down and spend their money at our Maryland, and Virginia, all have spo- the critical safety standards put in shore, and so many others. That may ken out against this and I expect will place after the Deepwater Horizon not mean anything to ExxonMobil or litigate against it. Our Governor, Gina tragedy, which taught us something: If BP. It may not mean anything to Raimondo, has come out strongly you drill, you will spill. If you drill, President Trump or Secretary Zinke. against this incredibly dumb idea, and you will spill. At some point, that will But it means something to me. That is she has been joined by Republican Gov- happen. During Superstorm Sandy, why we are here today to give voice to ernors in Massachusetts, New Hamp- which took place along the east coast New Jerseyans who have gone unheard. shire, Maryland, and South Carolina of the Atlantic, imagine if we had oil We will not stand silent while this ad- because this is such a dumb idea. rigs off the shore of New Jersey. We ministration tries to auction the Jer- Why would this administration pur- would have had spills. We would have sey Shore off to the highest bidder— sue such a dumb idea, that Republican had spills. So instead of saving lives not without a fight. Governors oppose, that blew up in the and saving our environment and the I yield the floor. face of the Obama administration economic consequences that flow from The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. along the south Atlantic coast when that, the Trump administration’s ac- JOHNSON). The Senator from Rhode Is- they tried it, that would infringe upon tions aim to save the industry $90 mil- land. and damage critical coastal economies lion. Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, in States that are Republican and During his Senate confirmation, Sec- one of Rhode Island’s contributions to Democratic? Why would they do such a retary Zinke promised to ‘‘work with the cultural life of our Nation came stupid thing? rather than against local communities from two brothers who grew up in Well, Attorney General Kilmartin of in the states.’’ Well, it sure feels as Cumberland, RI, Bobby and Peter Rhode Island has one suggestion: ‘‘This though he is working against New Jer- Farrelly. The Farrelly brothers did a decision by the administration is clear- sey. The Secretary has shown no con- number of movies. One of them was fa- ly driven by the oil and gas industry.’’ cern for the Jersey Shore communities mously called ‘‘Dumb and Dumber.’’ Huh. No kidding. This administration that would be devastated by an oil- This is a good example of dumb and is bought and paid for by the oil and spill—the shuttered businesses, the de- dumber. It was dumb when President gas industry. Throw in coal, and we stroyed industries, the massive job Obama opened the south Atlantic coast have the complete lock, stock, and bar- losses, and the birthright of every New to the prospect of oil drilling. When he rel sale. We have complete industry Jerseyan to go to the Jersey Shore and did, the reaction was immediate and toadies in the responsible agencies of

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.037 S06FEPT1 S636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 government and climate denial of the the President’s directive to ‘‘take into Coastal Fisheries, our position on any fixed most flagrant and obtuse variety com- consideration the local and State structures in the ocean and particularly oil ing out of the White House. I mean, it voices.’’ platforms is simple—NO NO AND NO again. is nonsense land, except for the fact Well, certainly the draft plan—if you Our members rely 100% on clean sustainable marine waters for 100% of our families that it keeps the oil and gas and coal can call it a draft—didn’t take into ac- income. money coming to prop up the Trump count local or State voices. Had the In- administration and the Republican terior Secretary bothered to actually Terry Thompson, Lincoln County Party. We are not going to stand for it. consult, this is what he would have commissioner, stated: It is crooked. It will not go. heard from people in Oregon. Our Gov- The state of Oregon has been a leader in Chris Brown is the head of the Com- ernor, Kate Brown, denounced the plan, the nation in terms of protecting our environment while responsibly utilizing our nat- mercial Fishermen’s Association of saying: ‘‘In what universe would this ural resources. Rhode Island. He is adamant that ‘‘oil be okay?’’ We banned oil and gas development years drilling is something that is incredibly Noah Oppenheim, the executive di- ago because of the potential risk to our threatening and directly adverse to our rector of the Pacific Coast Federation ocean, which is one of the most productive well-being.’’ of Fishermen’s Associations, stated: places in the world. We are going to stand and fight for The Trump administration wants to put The President’s proposal to allow oil and our fishing communities. fish and fisheries at significant risk while gas development is an attempt to override Our environmental community is lining the pockets of their oil industry co- the will of the people and shows a complete conspirators. Meanwhile, more frequent oil disconnect between the Administration and wildly against this: ‘‘The last thing our the people of the West. coast needs is oil drilling and all of the spills and more intense ocean acidification risks that go with it,’’ says our lead en- and ocean warming are guaranteed to ensue. I think these voices—the voices of vironmental organization, Save the Charlie Plybon, the Oregon policy the crabbing industry and the salmon Bay. manager at Surfrider Foundation, an industry, the fishing industry and the I will close with the Providence Busi- organization made up of everyday peo- tourism industry—these voices of the ness Journal, the voice of the Rhode Is- ple passionate about protecting our coastal economy, reverberate in abso- land business community, which just oceans and our beaches, shared this lute parallel and passionate opposition editorialized: opinion: to drilling off our coast for oil. Before the drilling takes place, there Fossil fuels, no matter where they are har- We are united in an understanding of the vested, are putting coastal areas across the threats which offshore oil drilling poses to are massive amounts of explosions that globe in danger as sea levels rise. In the our coastal economy, jobs and culture we are conducted in order to create the name of national energy independence, pub- have today. We will not gamble our ocean re- maps of what is under the surface for lic policy would hasten the devastating im- sources with dangerous oil exploration and potential drilling. That alone—just the pacts of burning fossil fuels and make much polluting drilling activities that put our fu- preparation for drilling—is deeply dis- of Rhode Island and other low-lying areas ture and that of generations to come at risk. turbing, but imagine what an oilspill uninhabitable. Charlie went on to convey the enor- looks like. At a time when renewable energy in the mous disparity between the economy This is a map of the Washington and United States and across the world is becom- that is driven by fishing and ocean Oregon coast, with the outline overlaid ing less expensive, and the effects of climate recreation and by tourism as compared change are becoming more pronounced, pull- with the gulf oilspill. It covers a sec- ing more fossil fuels out of the ground is not to the economy driven by oil drilling tion that is the entire length of the a wise decision, and one that hopefully will and how the former completely out- State of Oregon and the State of Wash- be rescinded before any drilling rigs park weighs the latter. ington. Imagine those hundreds of themselves off Block Island. The Association of Northwest miles of soiled beaches, the oil’s im- That is the voice of Rhode Island’s Steelheaders is one of the oldest and pact on the ecosystem of the fisheries. business community. most cherished conservation and sport There is no way this risk is justified If you want to take a look at why fishing advocacy organizations in the for pumping a few more barrels of oil— this bothers us, take a look at the foot- Pacific Northwest. Their statement is which, I might point out, should be left print of the BP oilspill laid on the map the following: in the ground anyway because burning of the New England coast. There is This proposal stands to go against every- oil that we are extracting from the Boston, there is Long Island, there is thing we believe in. Drilling for oil and gas ground is steadily raising the tempera- Narragansett Bay, and that is Rhode off the coast of Oregon compromises our fish- ture of the planet and the temperature eries, our coastal economies, and our values. Island. That is the footprint of the of our oceans, which absorb the vast mess the oil industry left when it blew These folks know what they are talk- majority of the heat from burning fos- up its facility in the middle of the gulf. ing about. sil fuels, and that is creating changes, That is what they did, and we don’t The Tribes weighed in through the from ocean acidification to the bleach- need that up in New England. Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Com- ing of the coral reefs, and all kinds of We have offshore industries that are mission. Their resolution conveys op- impacts on the surface of the con- vibrant, that support our economy, position to ‘‘any proposal to open Pa- tinents. that are welcome, that have long tradi- cific offshore waters from California to So I say to the Interior Secretary, tions and histories. We do not need oil and including Alaska to offshore drill- you have been given a mission by the industry invaders coming where they ing.’’ President of the United States, which, are not wanted because they have Scott McMullen, the chairman of the as you have stated, is to take into con- bought their way into the Trump ad- Oregon Fishermen’s Cable Com- sideration local and State voices, so ministration with their political con- mittee—a group of troll fishermen who simply hear those voices, and then tributions and their dark money. That have been very involved in negotia- take Oregon out of the equation, take will not stand. tions involving the fiber optic cable Washington out of the equation, take I yield the floor. lines that are laid in the ocean—said: California out of the equation, take The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The Oregon fishing industry has had a long every State that objects out of this ator from Oregon. history of good stewardship of the fishing equation, and, by the way, it would be Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, I ap- grounds which are open for multiple uses. Oil wise to take the rest out as well. platforms in our fishing grounds would deny preciate that Senator CANTWELL orga- access to the resources that fishermen, fish Thank you. nized this time for a group of us to processors and thriving coastal communities The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- come to the floor to speak about this depend on. To take away the right to use our ator from Massachusetts. disastrous, insane plan to drill historical shared fishing grounds by award- Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, I wish throughout 90 percent of our coastal ing drilling rights for this single industrial to thank Senator CANTWELL for orga- shelf. This, the Interior Secretary tells use would be wrong. nizing the opportunity this afternoon us, is part of President Trump’s direc- Dale Beasley had this opinion: to speak about this egregious decision tive to rebuild the offshore oil and gas As president of the Columbia River Crab that was made by the Trump adminis- program, but he also conveyed it was Fisherman’s Association and Coalition of tration that will allow for drilling for

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.039 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S637 oil off of the beaches of the United gator giveaway where, all of a sudden, less plan. We will not stop until this States of America. It is an absolute Florida is not in. plan is blocked and dead and our coast- disgrace that this administration is I don’t think it is incidental that lines are protected once and for all. doing something like this. What we Mar-a-Lago is actually in Florida, as I yield the floor. have on our hands is a President who well, and maybe Donald Trump hadn’t The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- has a hard time listening to his own been fully consulted by Secretary ator from Washington. message. Zinke and the Department of the Inte- Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I rise Last week, he was bragging about rior on this inclusion of Florida. But today to voice my strong opposition to how much new oil we are discovering in before you knew it, all of a sudden, the Trump administration’s latest America. He is so proud of this. In fact, Florida was no longer on the map, but move to override the will of Wash- we export a million and a half barrels every other State that doesn’t have a ington State’s citizens—our fishing of oil a day. Listen to that again: We Republican Governor running for the families, our small business owners, export a million and a half barrels of Senate, that doesn’t have a President our environmentalists, and our outdoor oil a day. Where do we send this oil? of the United States with a summer re- enthusiasts—by opening our coastal We send it to China. We send it to sort, a winter resort, a spring and sum- waters to harmful oil and gas drilling. other countries. mer resort—Mar-a-Lago—is stuck with The continental waters on the west Is the President happy with that? No, this decision. coast are one of our State’s richest and he says we need more oil; we need to The problem with what they did is most cherished national resources, sus- drill off of our beaches—notwith- this: It is obviously arbitrary and ca- taining communities along the Pacific standing what that will do to our tour- pricious. It is obviously a violation of Northwest for centuries and helping to ism industry, to our fishing industry, the Administrative Procedures Act. It define our regional culture for genera- or to any industry that does business is obviously something that will never tions. It would be hard to overstate along the coastlines of our country. Ul- stand up in court—that after a decision just how important Washington’s timately, what would be the purpose to is made to include every State, all of a coastal waters are to our local way of life. which this oil would be put? Export the sudden Florida comes up. It will never Many of us count on our coasts for oil. hold up. That will be the basis of the our food or work. Washington State So how does that formula really case made by the attorneys general and coasts are home to numerous seafood- work? The oil companies come to the all of the business and environmental and tourism-dependent communities, beaches of Massachusetts or any other interests that will be suing on this and they support a $50 billion maritime State. They set up rigs and start to issue. economy and nearly 200,000 maritime- drill for oil. They find the oil. Then, So what part of this really works? It related jobs—not to mention countless they sell that oil somewhere else is oil that will be drilled for at the risk families and travelers who are seeking around the world. Meanwhile, people of despoiling the beaches and the fish- outdoor recreation and flock to our who live off of those beaches in Massa- ing industry—the tens of billions of shores throughout the year to experi- chusetts or any other State run all the dollars in the fishing and tourism in- ence the natural beauty and sport of risk if there is an accident, as there dustry—with the benefits running to our iconic shorelines. was in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 in the one single industry. To put it simply, Washingtonians BP oilspill. The American Petroleum Institute is don’t take our healthy coasts for So the risks are run by the States trying to have it both ways. On the one granted. We know that keeping our that don’t want the drilling, and the hand, they are saying: We are at the shores pristine isn’t just about leisure benefits all run to the oil companies boom time of all times in oil drilling in and scenic views. Preserving our coast- that get to sell this oil around the the United States. We are energy inde- al waters is a critical factor in pro- world. It makes perfect sense because pendent. This is the boom time. moting a healthy regional ecosystem ‘‘GOP’’ really stands for ‘‘gas and oil Donald Trump is sounding the same and an economy that support vital jobs party.’’ That is what they have turned exact way, boasting across the country and industries, fish and wildlife, and themselves into. It is whatever Big Oil about his energy policies, his fossil- public health opportunities that many wants, even if State after State after fuel-first policies. He keeps saying that of us—our families, friends, and neigh- State says it does not want this to hap- he has ended the war on energy. It is bors—rely on. pen. not true because just last week he im- So I, too, was deeply disappointed Every single State, from Maine down posed a 30-percent tariff on importa- but, ultimately, unsurprised when Inte- to Florida, was going to be giving per- tion of solar panels. So he is talking rior Secretary Zinke announced the mission to the oil companies to com- about no war on his favorite energy Department’s plan to ignore the exist- mence drilling, but the Governor of technology. But if he doesn’t like ing oil and gas leasing program that Florida—a Republican Governor—pro- them, they get a 30-percent increase in was just approved a few years ago and tested. He said he didn’t want there to tariffs on the very technologies that, in instead moved to draft and implement be drilling off the coast of Florida, polling, 80 percent of all Americans a new program that would allow off- after Florida had already been included want to see increased inside of our shore oil and gas drilling in nearly all in the plan. country. of our Nation’s continental waters, in- So what happens? All of a sudden, the We are going to be fighting this every cluding our coastal waters off of Wash- Trump administration decides that single step of the way. It is immoral, it ington State. they are going to have a gator give- is unnecessary, and it violates the Despite decades of factfinding and away. All of a sudden, Florida gets to goals that individual States have in public input that already established be exempt. Why would Florida be ex- order to advance their own economies. the need to protect ecologically sen- empt? Maybe because it has a Repub- I, personally, am going to exhaust all sitive areas like our coasts, it appears, lican Governor. Maybe because that available legislative tools to fight this once again, that President Trump and Republican Governor is thinking about attempt by President Trump to allow his Cabinet have decided to prioritize running for the U.S. Senate. So maybe, drilling off of the coast of Massachu- Big Oil and the relentless pursuit of just maybe, this Governor, who once setts, the east coast, and nearly every profit over the interests of Washington supported drilling off of the coast of other single mile of coastline in the State families and with virtually no re- Florida, all of a sudden says: The peo- United States, with the exception of gard to what their one-sided policy pro- ple don’t want it. They don’t want the Florida. posals may mean for our environment, beaches of Florida to be endangered. That includes using the Congres- for our public health, or for our econ- So what happens? Governor Scott sional Review Act, which allows for omy. from Florida all of a sudden starts agency action to be undone by a simple To add insult to injury, I was even shedding crocodile tears about how majority in both Chambers. I plan to more appalled when it was reported much he cares about the beaches, even pursue such a Congressional Review just a few days later that Secretary though he had always been supportive Act resolution if the Trump adminis- Zinke was planning to remove Flor- of offshore drilling. That leads to the tration moves forward with this reck- ida’s waters from consideration after

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.040 S06FEPT1 S638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 meeting with their Governor and hear- reckless proposal and puts the interest the Chamber as a whole that we need a ing their concerns. I will leave it to of Washington State families first. strong national defense. others to wonder what exactly per- As a voice for Washington State here Even today, the minority leader told suaded Secretary Zinke to remove in the Senate, I am going to continue this body that Democrats ‘‘support in- Florida from that list, but I can’t say I fighting against the Trump administra- creasing funding for our military.’’ was stunned when that courtesy was tion’s efforts to leverage our environ- So why not act? There is a consensus not extended to Washington State, ment to boost Big Oil’s bottom line, that we desperately need to fix the even after our Governor made the and I know I will never stop standing readiness issues in our Armed Forces. exact same request. with our families, workers, and small Why not take that step today and vote Later, while I was on my way back businesses to protect our coasts today to provide the stable, predictable fund- home from the other Washington and and for future generations. ing the Department of Defense so seri- concerned about the potentially dam- I yield the floor. ously needs? aging impacts of Secretary Zinke’s de- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- When I swore an oath to defend the cision on our Washington State eco- ator from Nebraska. Constitution, I did it knowing that system, I decided to ask my followers Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, we every day I hold this office, countless on Twitter to join me in sending a mes- have an opportunity before us today to numbers of my constituents would be sage to the Interior Department and fund key priorities that we all agree wearing the uniform and be in harm’s tweet photos of some of Washington are important. The American people way. Around the globe, you find Ne- State’s many important and pristine elected all of us to do a job, and that braskans, you find Americans pro- coastal areas. I just have to say that job is to provide for the most impor- tecting and defending the United the response was overwhelming. tant functions of our government. States. Each of us here represents peo- Within hours, my timeline was filled For far too long, politics has pre- ple who sacrifice and serve American with photos of beaches and coasts all vented us from committing the re- heroes. Today is a chance to show them along Washington State’s shoreline, sources necessary to sustain the most we have their backs because they have from Ruby Beach to Bellingham Bay to critical part of our government—the proven, time and time again, that they Olympic National Park to Orcas Is- military that keeps us safe. This is a have ours. I urge my colleagues to put aside par- land—photos of painted sunsets on the chance to cast aside partisan dif- tisan differences and take the vote to Puget Sound, the majestic calm of ferences and give the Department of support our military and the programs Cape Flattery, and of rainbows arching Defense the stable and consistent fund- that are critical to the safety and the across the Bell Island shore, photos of ing it needs so it can rebuild readiness well-being of this Nation. children running across the beaches of and execute its mission. Kalaloch, and photos of fishermen un- Just this morning, Secretary Mattis COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS Mr. President, we also have a unique loading their haul in Salmon Bay. I testified before Congress, saying: ‘‘I opportunity today to address another even received photos from other coast- ask that you not let disagreements on program that has a deep, bipartisan al areas in the Pacific Northwest. They domestic policy continue to hold our well of support in the Senate. Today I were all from residents who want their nation’s defense hostage.’’ He is right. visited with Nebraskans who made the pristine shorelines preserved, and they We cannot let these basic issues dis- trip to Washington to advocate for were eager to raise their voices to safe- tract us from the job that we have all, funding for community health centers. guard our coasts. under the Constitution, taken to pro- Across our Nation, community health I was inspired as I scrolled through vide for the common defense. centers are vital to keeping our chil- this growing and beautiful collection of I just came from a classified briefing with the Secretary, and he outlined the dren and our families healthy. photos that illustrated the significance Last year, nearly 85,000 Nebraskans of our coasts, not just to our State’s most important needs we must fund for our country’s security. So why not received care at centers across our economy and environment but to our State during approximately 296,000 vis- shared culture and identity. Our shores come together on issues we can agree on? Six months ago, this Chamber its. These centers provide high-quality are where we fish, swim, exercise, and care, compassionate care, and patient- passed the National Defense Authoriza- work, but also where our wildlife focused care. Community health cen- tion Act for Fiscal Year 2018 with an roams, our children play, and where we ters in my State rank second in quality overwhelming bipartisan vote of 89 to make lasting memories with our loved measures nationally and first in four 9. In the time since, however, our mili- ones. other measures involving individual tary remains hamstrung under short- It is not too late for the Interior De- care. Their focus and their impact on term measures that are standing in the partment to reverse its misguided deci- the communities they serve is very im- way of modernization and readiness. sion to expand offshore oil and gas pressive. drilling and instead focus on maintain- That is why I say to my Democratic We all recognize the importance of ing and strengthening existing regula- colleagues, here is a chance for you to these health centers, and I was proud tions protecting this country’s conti- prove that you are serious about fund- to recently join my colleagues in the nental waters. ing the military. Many of my col- Senate in urging that funding be reau- I really hope Secretary Zinke and of- leagues on the other side of the aisle thorized so these centers can continue ficials at the Interior Department fi- have already spoken clearly about to provide the quality care all Nebras- nally hear loud and clear what Wash- their desire to support the troops. kans and all Americans deserve. ingtonians have been saying for dec- Last month, the senior Senator from Our military and community health ades—that the extreme environmental Vermont remarked: centers are too important to be caught and ecological dangers posed by off- Our military leaders agree, we cannot gov- up in politics. As we find ourselves shore oil and gas drilling are too great ern by a continuing resolution. The military once again facing the prospect of yet cannot function under sequestration. a risk for Washington State families. I another impasse, I urge my colleagues hope they move quickly to reschedule The senior Senator from West Vir- to join me in showing your support for the public meeting they were supposed ginia said: these critical areas. Article I, section 8 to hold yesterday in Tacoma, so people We want our military to be funded prop- of the Constitution makes clear what from Washington can share their con- erly so they can defend us. our job is: provide for the common de- cerns with the Department directly. The senior Senator from Montana fense and the general welfare of the I want to remind my colleagues and said: United States. Let’s fulfill that duty everyone in our country who cares The uncertainty we have without a longer today. about our environment that this fight budget that goes to the end of the fiscal year I yield the floor. is far from over. As we have learned is unacceptable. I suggest the absence of a quorum. over the last year, it is important that The senior Senator from Connecticut The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. KEN- we continue to make our voices heard said: NEDY). The clerk will call the roll. again and again to ensure that this ad- I hope there is bipartisan consensus among The legislative clerk proceeded to ministration backs down from this us on the Armed Services Committee and in call the roll.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:14 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.042 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S639 Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, I I am going to be here for the dura- sia is trying to do. The right mixture ask unanimous consent that the order tion of this and have more to say, but of political will, of defense and deter- for the quorum call be rescinded. I want to yield to the ranking member rence can work, and, yes, as Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of the Senate Foreign Relations Com- WHITEHOUSE pointed out, we in Con- objection, it is so ordered. mittee, who was so important in get- gress acted. We recognized the threat RUSSIA INVESTIGATION ting these sanctions through and un- of Russia. We passed the Countering Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, a derstands very well, from his work on America’s Adversaries Through Sanc- number of my colleagues will be com- the Magnitsky issue, what these Rus- tions Act, the CAATS Act. It was a bi- ing to the floor this afternoon to dis- sian oligarchs are up to. partisan effort that tightened some of cuss the predicament we face as the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the sanctions under the Obama-era Ex- Mueller investigation—the special ator from Maryland. ecutive order on Ukraine and passed counsel investigation, the Department Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, first, I new mandatory sanctions against Rus- of Justice—closes in on the Trump thank Senator WHITEHOUSE for bring- sia because of its activities. White House and the Trump campaign, ing this issue to the attention of our There were sanctions imposed in re- creating two problems. One is an un- colleagues and the American people. As gard to the Russian Federation’s unprecedented attack on the law enforce- Senator WHITEHOUSE points out, we dermining cybersecurity. There were ment institutions that are involved in have seen from the White House, from sanctions related to Russia’s crude oil that investigation, an effort to dis- the President, an effort to try to un- products. There were sanctions author- credit our Federal Bureau of Investiga- dermine the credibility of the inde- ized with respect to Russian and other tion and our Department of Justice, in- pendent investigation being done by foreign financial institutions. There cluding the suggestion that this whole the Department of Justice under Mr. were sanctions imposed against Russia thing is a witch hunt, even though Mueller. These are very serious issues, for significant corruption in the Rus- every single witness, including Trump and I hope every Member of this Cham- sian Federation. There were sanctions appointees who have come before our ber will support the independence of with respect to certain transactions committees, has been asked ‘‘Hey, this that investigation and speak loudly with foreign sanctions evaders and se- investigation, is it a witch hunt?’’ and, against any interference, wherever it rious human rights abusers in the Rus- to a person, has said no. may come from. sian Federation. There were mandatory Russian interference was real, they Then, Senator WHITEHOUSE has sanctions with respect to persons who are coming back in 2018, and it is no brought up the second issue; that is, engaged in transactions with the intel- witch hunt to look into what took Mr. Putin has been extremely active in ligence and defense sectors of the Gov- place. regard to activities against U.S. inter- ernment of the Russian Federation. You have this whole smear effort ests. I appreciate Senator WHITEHOUSE Why? Because they were interfering going on of individuals and institutions referencing a report that was released in our elections. involved in the institution. You could on January 10 of this year. It was as a There were sanctions with respect to call that the crime of commission, if result of a full year’s operation by the investment in or in the facilitation of you would. The crime of omission that staff of the Senate Foreign Relations the privatization of state-owned assets accompanies that is, while the major- Committee to document Mr. Putin’s by the Russian Federation. reckless assault against democratic in- ity in both Houses is busy trying to Why? Because that helped finance stitutions, universal values, and the smear the FBI, the Department of Jus- Mr. Putin’s activities. tice, and various individuals in this in- rule of law—the asymmetric arsenal he There were sanctions with respect to vestigation, they are not taking the uses to accomplish that attack against the transfer of arms and related mate- steps necessary to protect the 2018 elec- democratic institutions, which in- riel to Syria. tions. We have done virtually nothing. cludes cyber attacks, disinformation, The one thing we have done—led by support for fringe political groups, Each one of those sanctions gave new Ranking Member BEN CARDIN, the Sen- weaponization of energy resources, or- authority to the President of the ator from Maryland—was to get really ganized crime, corruption, and, yes, United States to impose sanctions strong sanctions put through. We all military aggression. He has used every against Russia for its activities. agreed on that. I think the vote was 98 one of those tools to compromise I said earlier that, where countries to 2 in the Senate—98 to 2, powerful democratic institutions in Europe and, have shown leadership, it has been ef- sanctions. yes, in the United States. fective in countering Mr. Putin’s ac- You messed in our elections. Pop. Mr. Putin was extremely active in tivities. With President Trump, there Here is one in the nose for you. Don’t the 2016 election. That has now been have been no sanctions. Not one has do it again. verified without any question. A report been brought forward under the law That was the lesson. We are going I authored goes through 19 European passed by the Congress of the United after you, Mr. Putin, where it hurts, countries in which Mr. Putin has been States. By 98, 99 percent, the House and which is with all your dirty, corrupt active against democratic institutions. Senate approved the sanctions. The oligarchs who support you and whom I share with my colleagues that the Trump administration has imposed you pay to stay in power. That is the President of the OSCE Parliamentary zero. shot we took back. You messed in our Assembly was in town today. He is Mr. Trump has failed to acknowledge elections; we are going after your meeting with government officials. He that Mr. Putin has even been engaged crooked oligarchs. knows firsthand Mr. Putin’s aggression in our 2016 elections. He said: I talked Except guess where that effort because there are Russian troops in to Mr. Putin. He seemed like he was stopped dead—in the Oval Office, at the Georgia today affecting its sov- telling me the truth when he said he President’s desk, where President ereignty, as there are Russian troops in wasn’t involved—even though it was Trump will not let the Russia sanc- Moldova, as there are Russian troops in the unanimous view of our intelligence tions go forward. We have this whole Ukraine. The people of Montenegro saw community and the facts had very smear campaign, discrediting honor- the hand of Mr. Putin when he held a clearly been laid out to the American able American institutions just to pro- coup against their authority. The peo- people that Mr. Putin had been ac- tect the President from the investiga- ple of the United Kingdom saw Mr. tively engaged in the 2016 elections. tion. We have nothing being done legis- Putin’s efforts as he got involved in the Yes, we have seen, very recently, latively to protect the 2018 elections, Brexit referendum. The people of Russia’s engagement in the Czech elec- and you have the one thing we did do France and Germany saw Mr. Putin’s tion. We have seen this movie before to send the message to the Russians aggression as he tried to interfere with where the candidate, in his advocating that we are tired of this nonsense and their free elections. for stronger ties to European institu- to give them a little bit of a pop in the Countries have stepped up. They said: tions, is targeted by a barrage of fake nose to get them to knock it off, a lit- Enough is enough. We have seen, with news stories that spreads across online tle deterrent, and the President will strong leadership, that you can counter platforms, which he alleges have been not act on it. the activities successfully of what Rus- directed by Russian security services

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:14 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.044 S06FEPT1 S640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 and entities tied to them—a direct as- very good at—all of the fake accounts How about Venezuela? sault against the Czech Republic’s on Twitter and Facebook, the internet The reality is that Russia is propping democratic institutions. trolls, the botnets—it is critically im- up the Maduro dictatorship in Ven- As Senator WHITEHOUSE pointed out, portant that the American people un- ezuela. For years, the Maduro crowd when asked in an interview if Russia derstand this is a fundamental attempt has stolen and used the state-owned oil would try to influence the midterm by Russia to influence our very demo- company Pe De Vesa to launder money, elections of the United States, our CIA cratic institutions and our critical in- and Russia has bailed them out. Rus- Director, Michael Pompeo, replied: ‘‘Of frastructure; and our elections, indeed, sian money has helped Maduro to avoid course. I have every expectation that are a part of that critical infrastruc- defaulting on debts and payments to they will continue to try and do that.’’ ture. bondholders. Meanwhile, look what is So where is the Trump administra- Last year, the intelligence commu- happening to the poor people of Ven- tion in its taking action to protect our nity assessed that when Putin sees his ezuela. They are hungry, and they democratic institutions? attempt to influence the last election don’t have basic supplies. Their chil- This is not a partisan issue. There is as a success, he is going to do it again. dren are malnourished, and inflation is a long tradition of Republicans and That is what the intelligence commu- rampant. Maduro has undermined any Democrats working together in Con- nity’s conclusion was. Then, just last remnants of Venezuela’s democracy. He gress to counter Russian Government week, the Director of the CIA said that jails opponents and has a corrupt Con- aggression abroad and abuse against its he had every expectation that Russia gress and cracks down on protesters. It own citizens, our allies, and democratic will meddle in the 2018 midterm elec- is all part of the Russian influence institutions. The sanctions bill that tions. campaign. As the Senator from Maryland just passed in 2017 had near-unanimous sup- As you can see, countering Russian said and as the Senator from Rhode Is- port. It was crafted and developed by influence is critical for the United land has already said, this is not a par- Democrats and Republicans who States and for the world. It is also im- tisan issue. It could happen to both worked together. portant to remember that Putin can’t sides. Attempts to influence our elec- The strength and durability of our beat us on the ground, that he can’t tions are attacks on the very founda- political system relies on such bipar- beat us on the sea, and that he can’t tion of the democracy that we so cher- tisan solutions to our national security beat us under the sea. He can’t beat us ish. That is really what the Russians challenges. There is a series of rec- in the air, and he can’t beat us in ommendations that were in the report are trying to do. They are trying to divide us, and they are trying to under- space, but he can beat us in cyber in I referred to earlier, those of working mine faith in our democratic institu- his propaganda campaign. with our allies to develop cybersecu- Yet Putin—that Russian bear—is not tions. Ultimately, they are trying to rity issues, to working with NATO to 10-feet tall. As a former Secretary of undermine American leadership in the understand what the article V response State just testified last week to our world community of nations. The bot- should be to cyber attacks, to finding tom line is we have to do more to pro- Armed Services Committee, Putin is alternative ways to stop Russia from tect ourselves, and we have to make playing a weak hand, but he is playing using energy as a weapon. It starts Mr. Putin feel enough pain to deter fu- it very aggressively. It is time for us, with Presidential leadership. ture attacks or else he is going to keep the USA, to push back. We must take care to point out that I yield the floor. doing it. there is a distinction between Mr. Now, this Senator has the privilege The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Putin’s corrupt regime and the people of being the ranking member of the Cy- ator from New Hampshire. of Russia, who have been some of his bersecurity Subcommittee of the Mrs. SHAHEEN. Mr. President, I am most frequent and long-suffering vic- Armed Services Committee. I must say here with Senator NELSON, Senator tims. Many Russian citizens, like that this Senator has sat through hear- WHITEHOUSE, and Senator CARDIN be- Sergei Magnitsky, strive for a trans- ings with people who ought to know, cause I share their concerns about the parent, accountable government that and I have been appalled at how little rising chorus of partisan attacks, not operates under the democratic rule of we have or will have the capability of only on Special Counsel Robert law, and we hope for better relations in responding. It is going to take some re- Mueller but also on the Federal Bureau the future with a Russian Government solve not only in this Senate, in this of Investigation and the Department of that reflects these imperatives. Congress, but in this administration, Justice. In the meantime, the United States as well, to let Mr. Putin know that he These attacks are part of a broader must work with our allies to build de- is going to have pain if he continues campaign that has been orchestrated fenses against Mr. Putin’s asymmetric the attacks that he has already made. by the White House to undermine the arsenal and strengthen our inter- Of course, there is another aspect to investigations into Russia’s international norms and values to deter this threat, which is that Russia didn’t ference in the 2016 campaign, including such behavior by Russia or any other just attack our democracy in America, possible collusion by the Trump cam- country. It starts with leadership from as has been stated so effectively by pre- paign. Unfortunately, if continued, it the White House, and it starts with im- vious speakers, but he is in Europe and will have a lasting impact on our secu- posing the sanctions that were ap- in Latin America too. Look at what rity structures, on our democratic in- proved by Congress. the Russians have done with the Span- stitutions, and on our people. Ulti- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ish language propaganda television, mately, it will help the Kremlin ator from Florida. RT. There is an RT en Espanol that has achieve its goal of breaking down our Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I have already targeted upcoming elections in country and our democratic way of life. been involved in a number of elections Mexico and Colombia—two of our im- In a report issued in January 2017, over the years. I love campaigns, and I portant partners in the hemisphere. the U.S. intelligence community found love campaigning. I have always cam- The President’s National Security Ad- that Russia interfered in our elections. paigned in a situation in which you viser, General McMaster, said recently This was the unanimous conclusion of have your opponent, and the people that there was already evidence of Rus- all 17 U.S. intelligence agencies. In- have a chance to make a judgment be- sian meddling in Mexico. deed, that Russian interference con- tween you and your opponent as to who Of course, this points to the Russian tinues to this day, not only in the do- can best serve the people. Little did I effort to destabilize the region. It has mestic affairs of the United States but ever think that I was going to have to sought to gain influence through prop- in the affairs of our Western allies. We fight against the Russians in a cam- aganda, arms sales, trade, and other have seen the Kremlin’s hand in Great paign. Yet that is what I fully expect, means to challenge the United States Britain, in Spain, in France, and in and that is what I expect a number of in the Western Hemisphere and to un- Mexico—all in an effort to determine us who are up in November of this year dermine our partnerships, which are the outcome and to disrupt elections in will be having to do because, in the critical to our national security. Look those countries. midst of all of the disinformation that at Russia’s friends Cuba and Nica- Just last week, in an interview with we have seen that the Russians are ragua. the BBC, CIA Director Mike Pompeo

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:14 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.045 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S641 confirmed Russia’s ongoing inter- and Russian Governments. We see that independence of the Justice Depart- ference. As Senator CARDIN said, when Reuters has repeated a line from RIA, ment and the FBI. We must insist that Director Pompeo was asked if Russia which is Russia’s state television, say- Special Counsel Mueller be allowed to would try to influence our midterm ing: ‘‘U.S. scandal over Russian con- conduct and complete his investigation elections this year, he replied: ‘‘Of tacts is ‘a witch hunt.’’’ That senti- without further political interference. course. I have every expectation that ment was repeated by ANDY BIGGS, a We must stand together in opposing they will continue to try and do that.’’ Republican who is calling on Mr. Russia’s outrageous continuing inter- In fact, in recent weeks, Russian Mueller to ‘‘end the witch hunt,’’ and, ference in America’s elections and do- internet trolls and bots have used of course, it was tweeted by Donald mestic affairs. Facebook and Twitter to aggressively Trump, who called all of the illegal I yield the floor. promote the release of the House Re- leaks of classified and other informa- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- publicans’ memo, by DEVIN NUNES, that tion a ‘‘total witch hunt.’’ ator from Washington. attacks the integrity of the FBI. Let’s In panel 3, we see that both Putin Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I wish think about that. Russia gave a power- and President Trump claim that there to commend my colleagues who are ful assist to the successful campaign to is no way to know for sure who med- sounding the alarm about Russia’s in- release a misleading document, under- dled in the U.S. election. You can see terference in U.S. elections and who mining an ongoing FBI investigation. the two of them. They blame Demo- have worked tirelessly for months on Despite these disturbing facts, Presi- crats for allegations of Russian med- their respective committees to get the dent Trump continues to be dismissive dling. Putin said that ‘‘maybe someone answers that Americans deserve and of claims of any Russian interference. lying in bed’’ was responsible. Looking give the confidence Americans need to For 6 months, Congress has expected at similar language, President Trump know that their government is com- the administration to impose the pen- famously said: ‘‘It could be someone mitted to preventing such interference alties in the bipartisan Russia sanc- sitting on their bed that weighs 400 from ever happening again. This work is incredibly important to tions bill that passed 98 to 2, but the pounds.’’ administration has not even issued one It is unfortunate that some Repub- people around the country and in my sanction through that law. Despite on- licans, as well as voices in the conserv- home State of Washington. I have going brazen Russian interference, the ative media, appear to believe that, in heard from countless people who deeply White House claims that sanctions are order to support the President, they love this country but fear for its insti- not needed because the threat of sanc- must attack and discredit not only tutions, and they are concerned about tions is already ‘‘serving as a deter- Special Counsel Mueller but also the the integrity of elections. Here are the facts. More than a year rent.’’ The mere threat of sanctions Department of Justice and the FBI. ago, U.S. intelligence agencies con- clearly is not serving as a deterrent. These partisan attacks are baseless and cluded that Russia interfered in the Our national security agencies, NATO reckless. last Presidential election, calling Rus- They will not succeed in deflecting systems, and even the Senate have ex- sia’s meddling a ‘‘significant escalation law enforcement from its duties and perienced countless cyber attacks since in directness, level of activity, and mission. What they may do is that they the 2016 elections. Yet Vladimir Putin scope of effort’’ compared to previous may well succeed in undermining the continues to deny that Russia inter- attempts. feres in anything at all, and for sup- American people’s faith and confidence That is not my opinion. It is not a port, Putin can point to President in these institutions so vital to a partisan statement. It is a fact. Even Trump’s own denials of Russian inter- healthy democracy. That is not only more troubling, they are already back ference. unfortunate, but it is shameful. at it. We know this because our Presi- President Trump has a penchant for Last summer Members of Congress dent’s own handpicked CIA Director labeling factual reports as ‘‘fake came together on an overwhelmingly said last week that, ‘‘of course,’’ Rus- news.’’ Again and again, he says things bipartisan basis to impose sanctions on sia is trying to meddle in this year’s that are obviously false or misleading. Russia because people here believed midterm elections. He calls responsible mainstream jour- they were interfering in our elections. That is exactly why this Congress ap- nalists ‘‘the enemy of the people.’’ He Republicans and Democrats spoke with proved sanctions months ago in order attacks the rule of law, the judiciary, one voice. We said: Our country has to punish Russia and show them the and our law enforcement agencies. been attacked by a hostile power. We steep price of doing this again. If there These are all classic hallmarks of the will not tolerate it, and we will stand is one issue that we should all be able slippery slope toward together to stop it. Today, it is critical to agree on, it is that no one should get authoritarianism. Indeed, it is striking that we continue to speak with one away with such a devious attack on our how attacks by some Republicans on voice in condemning Russia’s inter- democracy. But, somehow, while the law enforcement and democratic insti- ference. public is demanding action, the White tutions echo similar attacks by the This is a really remarkable moment House has gone silent, refusing to im- Kremlin and its mouthpieces. in our country’s history. A hostile for- plement sanctions for reasons Presi- Consider these side-by-side compari- eign power has interfered in our Presi- dent Trump can’t or will not explain. sons of statements by Russian officials dential election, and it continues to This same President, who has no and statements by Republicans. interfere. CIA Director Pompeo said, in problems speaking or tweeting on any As we see in this tweet, which is no uncertain terms, that Russia will other topic under the sun, clams up dated January 2, 2018, President Trump interfere in this year’s midterm elec- when it comes to Russia or he tries to has described U.S. Government em- tions. Our law enforcement agencies change the subject or he launches a po- ployees and the Justice Department as and a special counsel are working dili- litical attack. This same President, the ‘‘Deep State.’’ At the same time gently to undercover the scope and who promised to put ‘‘America first,’’ Russia’s propaganda network, RT, has methods of Russia’s interference so we has failed to live up to the most basic repeated this terminology. So we see can put a stop to it. Supporting these duty of defending our elections and en- this: ‘‘Deep State takedown.’’ Just yes- efforts is not about party and not forcing congressional actions to punish terday, RT aired a discussion on how to about partisanship. It is about patriot- Russian meddling. root out the ‘‘Deep State’’ now that its ism. It is about defending America’s The same President who promised biases supposedly have been exposed by democracy, which has been attacked law and order has been lashing out the ‘‘Nunes memo.’’ and continues to be vulnerable to at- against a special counsel investigation, Again, we see these mirrored mes- tack. with a campaign to discredit our agen- sages between Republicans, the White Make no mistake. Our democracy is cies of law and order by criticizing the House, and Putin. As we see in this being tested, our law enforcement men and women of our Nation’s top law panel, allegations that Special Counsel agencies are being tested, and we, as enforcement agencies, firing or threat- Mueller and the FBI are conducting a Senators, are being tested. We have a ening to fire those who stand up to ‘‘witch hunt’’ are coming from the responsibility to come together—Sen- him, and sowing doubt about the media highest levels of both the American ators of both parties—to defend the that dares to report the facts.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:14 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.046 S06FEPT1 S642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 Let’s remember that the Putin re- Congress will choose to act in the best plete or inaccurate information for the gime that President Trump is so fond interests of our country and our de- President’s benefit. of is one that has invaded and annexed mocracy or whether they will continue We have seen the chairman of the part of Ukraine and continues to incite to act out of self-preservation and House Intelligence Committee, DEVIN war in Ukraine, is propping up the shortsighted political gain. The world NUNES, use this tactic last week, in murderous Assad regime and is every is watching. spite of concerns raised by the FBI and bit as responsible for those heinous I yield the floor. the Department of Justice. Congress- acts as Assad himself, and constantly The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- man NUNES, determined to support the tries to instigate conflict by threat- ator from Hawaii. President’s paranoid conclusion that ening our troops around the world. Ms. HIRONO. Mr. President, I rise the entire national security apparatus Perhaps the most disappointing piece today to denounce—this is a strong is out to get him, created a memo that of this is that President Trump is now word but an appropriate word—the Re- misconstrued critical intelligence to not acting alone. He gets help from publican effort to undermine America’s engineer an outcome that pleased the Members of Congress who join in par- faith in important institutions—all to White House. Armed with a misleading tisan attacks on the FBI and Depart- protect Donald Trump from the Russia and inaccurate memo, Congressman ment of Justice. Just think about that. investigation. NUNES and Republicans across the We have a President and Members of This effort is self-evident to any neu- country, with the assistance of Russia the Republican Party who are more in- tral observer watching ‘‘Fox and bots on social media, launched a con- terested in helping a foreign power get Friends,’’ reading the ‘‘Drudge Re- certed attack on the FBI, the intel- away with interfering in our elections port,’’ or following the President on ligence community, and the Justice than allowing an investigation to run Twitter, and it has profound con- Department. Why? To prove a con- its course. sequences for our country. spiracy against the President that does It is simply stunning how far some of Defending our critical institutions, not exist. my Republican colleagues would go to such as the FBI and an independent De- NUNES and other Republicans knew undermine the special counsel and con- partment of Justice, should not be a the facts did not support their congressional investigations in order to partisan issue, and those who care spiracy theory, but the incitement con- score political points. This doesn’t just about these institutions have to speak tinued anyway, even singling out for put them at odds with the public in the up. This, of course, includes Members attack the President’s own handpicked short term. This has long-term con- of Congress. Director of the FBI after his agency op- sequences for the men and women who Many congressional Republicans, posed releasing the memo. By the time protect our country from harm. A few however, appear determined to trans- the committee released it and the pub- days ago, a former supervisory special form legitimate congressional over- lic learned just how false and mis- agent with the FBI who served as a sight into an arm of the President’s de- leading it was, Congressman NUNES and counterterrorism investigator and spe- fense. For example, the Teapot Dome his memo had already sowed the seeds cial assistant to the Bureau’s Director hearings uncovered government cor- of doubt about the FBI and its inves- explained why he was now resigning ruption for personal gain. The Kefauver tigation. from the FBI in order to speak pub- committee uncovered organized crime The President rewarded Congressman licly. and corruption nationwide. The Water- NUNES yesterday by tweeting: He said his resignation was painful gate committee uncovered Nixon’s con- DEVIN NUNES, a man of tremendous cour- but ‘‘the alternative of remaining quiet spiracy. The Church committee led to age and grit, may someday be recognized as while the bureau is tarnished for polit- landmark reforms of the intelligence a Great American Hero for what he has ex- ical gain is impossible.’’ He said he community, some of the very reforms posed and what he has had to endure! worries that the damage from attacks that are currently being warped for I think history will conclude other- on the integrity of the FBI could last Trump’s benefit. These were bipar- wise. generations. tisan, fact-based, public inquiries into Just as the President has praised the There are a number of things this issues of national consequence. NUNES attacks on the FBI and the Jus- Congress must commit to. First of all, The investigation into Russia’s ac- tice Department, he has certainly been we must ensure that Special Counsel knowledged interference in our elec- doing his part to undermine these in- Robert Mueller stays on the job and tion should be no different. Unfortu- stitutions. He has done his part by de- continues to follow the facts wherever nately, many of the Republicans in meaning and humiliating the very peo- they may lead, without threat or in- Congress investigating the Trump-Rus- ple he appointed to run these institu- timidation and with the resources he sia matter appear more concerned tions. We can all recall the very per- needs. We already know the President about protecting the President than sonal attacks on Attorney General Jeff talked about firing Mr. Mueller last getting at the truth. This is particu- Sessions in the Oval Office, demands year. Well, the President should be on larly so in the House of Representa- for personal loyalty from Deputy At- notice: Firing Mueller is not an option, tives, where almost nothing happens on torney General Rod Rosenstein, and as- and the same goes for trying to fire the Intelligence Committee without sertions that the FBI was ‘‘in tatters’’ Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosen- the assent of the White House. But it is under the leadership of his handpicked stein. also true in the Senate, where even the Director, Christopher Wray. We can all I also want to be clear. Doling out a Judiciary Committee has been stymied appreciate the irony of Donald Trump’s Presidential pardon to try to cover up in its efforts to get to the truth. personal attacks against Special Coun- any collusion or obstruction of justice Certainly, it is not from a lack of sel Robert Mueller, whom the Presi- is unacceptable and will be met with trying. Democrats serving on relevant dent interviewed and seriously consid- furious resistance across the country. committees have demonstrated deter- ered for a return to his old job as Di- This is about our elections, our na- mination in fulfilling our constitu- rector of the FBI. tional security, and it is about our tional oversight obligations, but this is The self-serving and personal attacks standing in the world. No one—no nearly impossible without cooperation against people who refuse to do his bid- one—should stand in the way of a thor- from the Republican majority. Without ding reflect the narcissism of a man ough investigation. In the coming cooperation from Republicans, letters who has little regard for his respon- days, weeks, and months, Congress requesting information are not bipar- sibilities as President. Sadly, for Presi- must work to fulfill its duty to the tisan, and interviews of key witnesses dent Trump, it is all about him every American people by ensuring the integ- are delayed or are canceled, just to time, all the time. rity of our elections and safeguarding give two examples. By attacking the Justice Department investigations by allowing them to run Conducting oversight behind closed and the FBI, the President is attempt- their course free from political pres- doors and out of the public view lacks ing to discredit the Russia investiga- sure. transparency, of course, and creates a tion and protect himself and his fam- The question is whether the Trump situation ripe for exploitation. It al- ily. His words and actions are intended administration and all Members of lows Republicans to weaponize incom- to undermine public confidence in the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:14 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.048 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S643 FBI and the Justice Department for his have repeatedly asked the Secretary of people demand that we answer in our benefit in the here and now. He does the Treasury to provide the Senate Fi- investigation into obstruction of jus- not seem to care about the long-term nance Committee with Treasury De- tice through the Judiciary Committee consequences of eroding public con- partment documents that would allow and that the special counsel will be an- fidence in two critical institutions investigators to follow the money be- swering in his investigation into collu- charged with keeping us safe and pro- tween Russia, Donald Trump, and his sion between the Russians and the tecting our rights. associates. The committee has been Trump campaign, as well as subsequent Through all the obfuscation and neg- given nothing. Secretary Mnuchin has obstruction of justice. ative personal attacks, a clear pattern simply refused to cooperate with con- Some of this investigation involves has emerged. The President and his Re- gressional oversight conducted by past events and actions by the Presi- publican allies will do whatever they members of the committee that has di- dent and others. But, in fact, what is can to discredit the Mueller Russia in- rect jurisdiction over his agency. happening daily in real time is evi- vestigation without regard or respect So the question is, Mr. President, dence of obstruction of justice. It is as for the collateral damage caused. Then what are you hiding? What is in those though we were watching a case in they will turn to FOX News and other tax returns and those financial docu- court unfolding before our eyes. All we outlets to get their message or propa- ments that you don’t want revealed? lack is the marshalling of the evidence ganda out to their base and dismiss the What would be so damaging? and the closing argument. In a subse- mainstream media as fake news. Sadly, It seems to me that if you are to un- quent speech, I intend to go into great for our country, it is a strategy that derstand Russia’s ability to undermine detail on that obstruction case. can win and that can work. our democracy, it is essential to follow From what we know now through the According to a new poll from Reu- the money. Donald Trump’s family has public record, there is a lot more that ters, 73 percent of Republicans believe acknowledged its financial ties to Rus- the special counsel knows from his in- that the Justice Department and the sia. In fact, in 2008 and 2009, when it vestigation, and he will be making use FBI are trying to undermine the Presi- was pretty hard to get money for in- of it from classified and unclassified dent. This state of affairs may serve vestment, the Trump family said— sources. the President’s short-term interests, their words, not mine: Much of our We now know, irrefutably and unde- but it will have real and lasting nega- portfolio comes from the Russians. niably, that there is a credible case of tive consequences for our country in The special counsel included exten- obstruction of justice against the the years and decades to come. sive information on money laundering President of the United States. It is I yield the floor. and tax evasion in his recent indict- credible and, in many ways, powerful The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ment of Paul Manafort. There have and compelling. In fact, President Trump has endeav- ator from Oregon. been dozens and dozens of press sto- ored mightily to stop all of these inves- Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I want to ries—it seems there are several every tigations into the Russian meddling in thank my colleague from Hawaii for a week—about the finances of the Presi- the 2016 election and his connections to very eloquent statement. I so appre- dent and his associates that warrant ciate her leadership and miss her on it. real congressional oversight. Obstruction of justice is a serious the Intelligence Committee. I also Americans are alarmed by the admin- crime, essentially consisting of two want to express my appreciation to the istration’s stonewalling, and millions elements: No. 1, to interfere with a organizers of this effort—Senator have been appalled by the idea that lawful investigation and, No. 2, that in- HITEHOUSE and Senator W this would somehow be treated like terference has to be done with corrupt BLUMENTHAL—who have been tenacious just another political game. Those who intent. Corrupt intent means any im- in pursuing these issues. Both of them abuse the classification system to put proper purpose. serve on the Judiciary Committee, and out a laughable partisan memo that It doesn’t matter that the President, I serve on the Intelligence Committee. doesn’t stand up to scrutiny apparently for example, had the right to fire Jim It is quite obvious what has been are willing to do it just to protect the Comey or to say one thing or another. going on in the last few weeks. The President at any cost. The question is why he did it. There President, the chairman of the House The cost is our national security. can be circumstantial evidence of that Intelligence Committee, and others are The cost is our democracy. No matter corrupt intent in what he says and working hard to get the American peo- how much the President and his pro- does, as well as direct quotations. ple just to forget that our country is in tectors in Congress try to change the If it was to stop or influence an in- the middle of an ongoing national secu- subject, we are not, on the floor of this vestigation, that is corrupt intent, and rity crisis. Russia has attacked our de- Senate, going to lose sight of what is that is enough for obstruction of jus- mocracy; Russia has intervened in our really at stake. tice. election; and there is every reason to I yield the floor. My colleagues and I are here today to believe that they are just going to keep The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- raise the alarm because where we are doing it. ator from Connecticut. now is that part of the President’s cor- In the year since the assessment I Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, I rupt intent, as well as his interference mentioned was conducted by the intel- am honored to follow my colleagues with the investigation, consists of an ligence community, virtually everyone here today and to be followed by my all-out assault on law enforcement and has come to see it this way. Donald great friend and colleague, Senator the intelligence community. Trump obviously disagrees. The only WHITEHOUSE, who has been a wonderful In some ways, it is a standard means change has been the extent to which partner in this effort and has helped or- of defense at trial: When all else fails, Donald Trump’s protectors are willing ganize today’s colloquy. I will yield to attack the prosecution. I have seen it to go out and throw dust in the air to him shortly. and experienced it as a U.S. attorney prevent America from focusing on this I think the American people are ask- myself in court. So I know it is a last direct threat to the people of this coun- ing a commonsense question: What is resort, but it has lasting implications try and our very system of govern- the President trying to hide? What do for the defendant, or whoever is raising ment. the Russians have on Donald Trump? this defense—in this case, the Presi- Congress has to get to the bottom of The intelligence community unani- dent of the United States. It has huge, what has been done to our democracy, mously says that the Russians at- sweeping, enduring, horrific, and rep- but the fact is, the Senate has been tacked our democracy by interfering in rehensible ramifications. It is irrespon- stonewalled, particularly when it the 2016 election. The only one who has sible in a profound constitutional sense comes to the crucial issues of following any doubt about it—in fact, the only for the Commander in Chief to be un- the money. It began when Donald public official who has the temerity to dermining our national security by at- Trump refused to do what every other deny it—is the President of the United tacking the FBI and our intelligence Presidential candidate has done now States. So the question is, Why? community as institutions. for four decades; that is, release his tax That is the elephant in this Chamber. I wish to remind my colleagues of returns. It continues on other fronts. I That is the question that the American what our colleague JOHN MCCAIN said.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:14 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.049 S06FEPT1 S644 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 My colleague Senator WHITEHOUSE pre- to misstate what the purpose of that frontation that would match the Sat- pared this poster board and will be meeting was—supposedly Russian urday Night Massacre during the era of using it shortly. He said: ‘‘The latest adoptions, when, in fact, it was to ob- Watergate. That would throw this attacks against the FBI and Depart- tain dirt on Hillary Clinton. He did it country into another constitutional ment of Justice serve no American in- when he knew he was under investiga- conflagration that would be profoundly terests—no party’s, no President’s, tion. That is the key point. damaging and enduringly harmful. only Putin’s.’’ These attacks serve the He ordered the firing of Robert This investigation is no hoax or Russians. They do not serve America’s Mueller and backed down only when witch hunt. It is real. It is not about national security because they are his White House Counsel said he would any of us or any of the President’s done with the purpose to obstruct jus- resign. Again, the reasons that he pro- tweets. It is about evidence and law. It tice. vided, much like the Comey letter that is about facts and statutes. It is about They are the latest in a series of irre- was a lie, the reasons for his firing the the elements of a crime that is under sponsible and reprehensible actions FBI Director were pretextual. He lied investigation. The American people de- that began in the first days of this ad- about why he wanted Mueller gone, serve to know the truth, which is why ministration. In January 2017, Acting just as he had lied about why he fired we must have public hearings in the Attorney General Sally Yates went to Jim Comey. Judiciary Committee, and we must the White House to inform White In some ways, others are tasked now, have subpoenas for documents and wit- House Counsel Don McGahn that Mi- in a switch of tactics. He has no longer nesses. It is why we need to move in chael Flynn had lied to the Vice Presi- threatened to fire the special counsel— the Judiciary Committee with special dent about his relationship with the at least publicly—but he has tasked his counsel legislation that will offer pro- Russians and he could, therefore, be surrogates and sycophants in Congress tections that guarantee the American subject to blackmail. Don McGahn im- to attack institutions like the FBI, the people that they will know the truth mediately briefed President Trump, Department of Justice, and the intel- and that the rule of law will be pro- but the White House failed to react in ligence community, along with him. tected. No one is above the rule of law. the way that a responsible President That was the purpose of the Nunes Thank you, Mr. President. would. Soon after it was revealed that memo—to discredit the FBI and dis- I thank my friend and colleague Sen- the FBI was doing an investigation tract from the investigation. ator WHITEHOUSE. into Russian meddling, Trump asked But if he orchestrated the writing of I yield the floor. FBI Director James Comey for his loy- that memo, if he participated in draft- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, on alty. In effect, he asked for a loyalty ing it, if anyone in the White House, January 6, 2017, the U.S. intelligence pledge from the Director of the Federal with his imprimatur or direction, was community released a shocking report. Bureau of Investigations. He cornered involved in crafting that memo, that is It stated: ‘‘We assess with high con- Comey privately and said that he evidence also of obstruction of justice, fidence that Russian President Vladi- hoped Comey would let Flynn go, refer- and it will come home to haunt DEVIN mir Putin ordered an influence cam- ring to the FBI’s investigation into Mi- NUNES and the White House staff who paign in 2016, aimed at the U.S. presi- chael Flynn. participated and others in the Congress dential election, the consistent goals of Trump called Comey and told him he who may have been involved, including which were to undermine public faith wanted him to lift the cloud of the the staff—all of it because he wants to in the U.S. democratic process, deni- Russian investigation over his Presi- stop the investigation, all of it because grate Secretary Clinton, and harm her dency. He then called for the firing of he is afraid of something that the spe- electability and potential presidency.’’ Andrew McCabe, a potential corrobo- cial counsel has and that the Russians This wasn’t just one intelligence rating witness for Comey’s conversa- may have on him. agency, it was a unanimous conclusion tions with Trump. The fact of the matter is that no one of the entire intelligence community. He asked Director of National Intel- is above the law. If the President re- It sent shockwaves throughout our ligence Dan Coats and CIA Director fuses to talk to the special counsel, he entire government. This isn’t about Mike Pompeo and Mike Rogers to pub- should be subpoenaed to appear before Republicans versus Democrats, it is licly state that he was not under inves- the grand jury. If he fails to volun- about a foreign President ordering an tigation. When Comey refused to bend tarily appear for that interview with attack on our democracy. to this pressure, he fired Comey and Robert Mueller or his staff, he should President Putin’s goal was clear: to misstated the reason for that firing. He be subpoenaed before the grand jury, sow division and discord and to under- lied about it, claiming it was because and he should be forced to testify under mine public faith in our democratic of Comey’s supposed handling of the threat of contempt. And if he invokes processes and the rule of law. Clinton email investigation, although Executive privilege, the outcome will Almost immediately we saw concerns he later admitted in an interview with be the same when it is tested in court, and calls for action from both sides of NBC News anchor Lester Holt that the as it was in United States v. Nixon. the aisle. firing was ‘‘because of this Russia We have seen this movie before. We Bipartisan congressional investiga- thing,’’ and he bragged to Russian offi- know how it ends because a broad tions were initiated to figure out ex- cials at the White House that Comey’s claim of Executive privilege fails in the actly what happened and how to pre- firing had ‘‘taken off’’ the ‘‘great pres- face of a lawful need for evidence in an vent it from happening again. sure’’ of the Russia investigation. ongoing criminal investigation. However, despite this promising be- But that did not make the Russia in- If he claims a Fifth Amendment ginning, the commitment to uncover vestigation go away, because of the ap- privilege—the right against self-in- the facts and protect our country from pointment of Special Counsel Robert crimination—it will be a powerful tes- outside attacks has devolved into an Mueller. He berated his Attorney Gen- timony to what he fears the special inside attack on our own democratic eral, Jeff Sessions, for recusing himself counsel and the Russians have on him. institutions. from the special counsel’s investiga- We are careening toward a constitu- Sadly, rather than serving as a uni- tion because he knew Sessions could tional crisis, and that is why my col- fying force, President Trump has done have stopped it. He berated Jeff Ses- leagues in this Chamber can no longer all he can to undermine the intel- sions and privately ranted about it. remain silent. It is why Paul Ryan can ligence community’s assessment. Those private rants, along with other no longer tolerate DEVIN NUNES to con- What is worse, he has utterly failed private conversations—many of them tinue with these frantic antics to pro- to take strong actions against Russia— now known to the special counsel, no tect the President and his ongoing acts and in some cases has rewarded Russia doubt—are evidence that will be proof obstruction. It is why I hope we will by changing U.S. policy. duced by the special counsel. adopt legislation to protect the special Instead of supporting a robust and We know that President Trump counsel, sending a message to the independent investigation into what wrote a deliberately deceptive state- President of the United States that he Russia did and who was involved, the ment for his son Donald Trump, Jr., to cannot obstruct justice by firing the President instead is working to halt cover up the Trump Tower meeting and special counsel and precipitate a con- the investigations altogether.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:14 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.051 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S645 Unfortunately, the President hasn’t respond and request changes. The com- McGahn to keep the Attorney General been alone in these efforts. mittee revised its report where appro- from recusing himself from the Russia Last week, Congressman DEVIN priate and even cited disagreements in investigation. NUNES, chairman of the House Intel- footnotes. Two heads of intelligence agencies, ligence Committee, pushed for the de- Once public, the committee included DNI Director Dan Coats and NSC Di- classification of a transparently polit- additional views from Republicans on rector Michael Rogers, said they felt ical memo written by his staff. the committee. The CIA’s response was pressure from the President to say Here are some things we know about made public. There was a very thor- there was no collusion with Russia. the memo and the process to release it: ough declassification process to ensure And it has become apparent that We know that the memo confirms the the summary was safe to release. many of the actions taken by the FBI’s Russia investigation was not In fact, even though the final report White House, Congressman NUNES, and triggered by the dossier or by Carter was completed in 2012, the executive others have been coordinated with con- Page. summary wasn’t made public until De- servative media like FOX News. In fact, the investigation started be- cember 2014 in order to ensure the proc- Objectivity and nonpartisanship are cause another Trump campaign foreign ess was properly followed. core components of the FBI and the policy adviser, George Papadapolous, There were disagreements, but the Justice Department. To either attempt was told in April that Russia had minority party was not cut out of the to co-opt them or punish them for not ‘‘dirt’’ on Clinton in the form of thou- process. kowtowing to the President’s political sands of emails. That is not how the Senate works, whims is egregious. We also know that, while Carter Page that is not how democracy works, and Our Founding Fathers placed enor- was not the reason the Russia inves- it is not how any congressional com- mous trust in the legislative branch to tigation started, the government had a mittee or investigation should operate. serve as an effective check on the reasonable belief that Page was acting What I have described so far was the President, and it is time to do our job. as an agent of a foreign power. process and political implications of Congress needs to work alongside We know that Congressman NUNES the Nunes memo, but it is just one part Special Counsel Mueller to get answers did not review the underlying classified of an extensive pattern of abuse of for the American people. documents himself. power. The Nation deserves to understand These documents include the FISA What we are seeing is a sustained, co- exactly what happened and who was in- warrant renewal applications, which ordinated effort to diminish, weaken, volved, and all of us need to believe the must show what the government was and destabilize our top law enforce- President isn’t above the law and will learning about Carter Page. ment officials, and we all should take not be allowed to abuse his position for Instead of reviewing these documents exception to that. personal gain. himself, the chairman relied solely on Both the rushed manner and the dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- his staff, who may or may not have puted contents of the Nunes memo are ator from Rhode Island. been coordinating this campaign with a case in point. Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, the White House. We don’t know be- After the memo was released on Fri- indisputably, Vladimir Putin con- cause Congressman NUNES refuses to day, House Intelligence Committee ducted a broadly based attack on answer that question. Ranking Member ADAM SCHIFF hit the American democracy and its most im- We know that Chairman NUNES re- nail on the head. portant institutions. Tragically, fused to allow the Department of Jus- He called the public release of mis- Putin’s broadly based attack on Amer- tice and FBI to brief all Members on leading allegations against the FBI and ican democracy and our institutions is the underlying documents before and the Justice Department ‘‘a shameful echoed by President Trump’s attack on after the memo’s release. effort to discredit these institutions, American democracy and our most im- We know that Congressman NUNES undermine the Special Counsel’s ongo- portant institutions. And tragically or refused to allow Democrats to issue ing investigation, and undercut con- pathetically—I don’t know which to their own analysis of the classified doc- gressional probes.’’ say—that attack is echoed by a broad uments along with his memo. He is absolutely right. Republican attack on American democ- And we know that Russian social And this is just the latest in a long racy and institutions. media bots assisted in the efforts to in- pattern of attempts to undercut the We can and should take steps to de- fluence American public opinion con- FBI and Justice Department. fend our American democracy. They cerning the memo. Some of the efforts were blatant. are not terribly complicated. The drafting and release of this par- After FBI Director Comey refused to No. 1, stop attacking our own institu- tisan, misleading memo was particu- pledge his loyalty to the President, the tions. We can start there. We are doing larly disturbing to me. President fired him, an action the Putin’s work when we attack our own As Senator MCCAIN stated last week, President himself admitted was tied to institutions. ‘‘If we continue to undermine our own the Russia investigation. No. 2, step up to protect our own rule of law, we are doing Putin’s job for The President has engaged in a series elections. All of our national security him.’’ of tweets attacking the Attorney Gen- witnesses have warned that they are Intelligence and law enforcement eral, Deputy Attorney General and coming after us in 2018 with more elec- oversight should never be used as a po- Deputy Director of the FBI, among tion interference. Yet what have we litical weapon. others. done? I have served on the Senate Intel- There have also been media reports No. 3, stop sheltering Putin and his ligence Committee for 17 years, and I that the President has considered fir- oligarchs from consequences. We can’t recall a single instance when an ing both Robert Mueller and Deputy passed sanctions against Russian intelligence report was handled in this Attorney General Rosenstein, but oligarchs and Putin and Russia for this manner or a situation where additional many of the efforts by the President very thing—messing around in our views were actively blocked from being and his team weren’t quite as obvious. elections—through the Senate 98 to 2. released. We have seen multiple reports that The effective date of them has run. Yet This has been true even with the the President demanded personal loy- the President won’t enforce them. Stop most controversial issues like the In- alty from top law enforcement officials sheltering Putin and his oligarchs. telligence Committee’s investigation of including Comey and Rosenstein. No. 4, clean up the dark channels of the Benghazi attacks or the report on In fact, President Trump frequently foreign influence and corruption. We the CIA’s use of torture. calls the Attorney General ‘‘his’’ At- know what they are because we have In both of these instances, the com- torney General and refers to ‘‘my FBI’’ seen this play out in European coun- mittee held bipartisan meetings and and ‘‘my Department of Justice.’’ In tries and former Soviet Union coun- shared drafts of report language be- fact, they aren’t his, they are Amer- tries. We know how it works. We have tween the majority and minority. ican people’s. similar vulnerabilities. Fix them. For the torture report, the CIA was Media reports also say that President Those are four things that are not offered and accepted opportunities to instructed White House Counsel Don hard to do.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:14 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.045 S06FEPT1 S646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 A fifth would be serious investiga- this behavior and that we will deter it Senate floor for a vote. I am extremely tions by Congress—not tiptoe inves- with serious sanctions. disappointed that my colleagues are tigations but ones where we take hard Let’s insist on transparency. Let’s in- abandoning long-standing practices in looks, ask hard questions, and demand sist on transparency about foreign fi- order to fill the judiciary with conserv- hard evidence. nancial interference in our country, ative ideologues. No one in the Senate has tangled through shell corporations in par- Moreover, Mr. Stras is yet another more with Vladimir Putin than our ticular, and let’s insist on trans- judicial nominee selected for this ad- friend JOHN MCCAIN. Senator MCCAIN parency about the President’s foreign ministration by the Heritage Founda- has tangled with him so often that he financial dealings and conflicts of in- tion and the Federalist Society. His has actually been blacklisted from terest. name was on President Trump’s Su- travel to Russia. What Senator MCCAIN Finally, let’s pass legislation to pro- preme Court shortlist, and although he said last week is something we should tect the special counsel from inter- was not selected to fill the Supreme take to heart: ‘‘The latest attacks ference and obstruction. I have been a Court vacancy, outside dark money against the FBI and Department of U.S. attorney. I understand the role of PACS spent millions of dollars running Justice serve no American interests— an independent and honorable Depart- ads in support of his nomination to no party’s, no President’s, only Vladi- ment of Justice. I understand, as we all this seat. These facts should alarm mir Putin’s.’’ should, that no man—not even the every American. Our judiciary system, He also said this: ‘‘Our Nation’s President—is above the law. And like under the Trump administration, is elected officials, including the Presi- many colleagues who have served in being outsourced to outside organiza- dent, must stop looking at this inves- the Department of Justice, I expect, as tions with unlimited financial re- tigation through the lens of politics they all expect, that even under the sources that are not accountable to and manufacturing political pressure, the threats, and the intimida- voters. sideshows.’’ Instead, we need to be tion brought by the President against I urge my colleagues to return to reg- looking at the situation through the this Department of Justice, it will do ular order. lens of our national security. its job. As FBI Director Christopher f Here is what America’s national se- Wray recently said, ‘‘We expect them OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DRILLING curity professionals tell us. First, they to keep calm and tackle hard.’’ concluded: ‘‘Russian President Vladi- I see the majority leader is on the Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I mir Putin ordered an influence cam- floor. wish to speak in opposition to Presi- paign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presi- Mr. President, I yield the floor. dent Trump’s proposal to open all off- dential election.’’ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. shore waters in the country to oil drill- I will continue. ‘‘Russia’s goals were DAINES). The majority leader. ing. to undermine public faith in the U.S. This proposal has been met with out- f Democratic process, denigrate Sec- rage from every corner, as my col- retary Clinton, and harm her MORNING BUSINESS leagues are making clear here on the Senate floor today. electability and potential presidency.’’ Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I They concluded: ‘‘We further assess ask unanimous consent that the Sen- I would like to take a minute to re- Putin and the Russian government de- ate be in a period of morning business, mind everyone of what is at stake. Before the Deepwater Horizon and veloped a clear preference for Presi- with Senators permitted to speak Exxon Valdez spills, Santa Barbara, dent-elect Trump.’’ therein for up to 10 minutes each. CA, experienced the worst oil spill in We went on with this important con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without U.S history. clusion in the January 2017 intelligence objection, it is so ordered. community assessment: ‘‘We assess In 1969, an offshore oil rig in Federal Moscow will apply lessons learned from f waters spilled more than 3 million gal- its Putin-ordered campaign aimed at VOTE EXPLANATION lons of crude oil into the Pacific Ocean. the U.S. presidential election to future The environmental disaster killed influence efforts worldwide, including Mr. HEINRICH. Mr. President, I was thousands of marine mammals and against U.S. allies and their election unavoidably absent due to a family birds. Our local beaches were coated by processes.’’ medical emergency for rollcall vote No. a thick layer of oil. Tourists were We know they are coming. We have 28. Had I been present, I would have turned away, and commercial fishing been warned by Trump’s own ap- voted yea on the confirmation of operations were shut down, hurting the pointees that they are coming. Yet we Andrei Iancu, of California, to be Under local economy. do nothing. Nada. As Putin would say, Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual After that spill, California decided ‘‘nichego.’’ Property and Director of the U.S. Pat- that enough was enough. State agen- Well, right now that leaves Congress ent and Trademark Office. cies blocked all new offshore oil drill- complicit, but it doesn’t have to be this f ing in State waters up to 3 miles from way, and it ought not be this way. It is the shore. The State reinforced this not too late to defend our democracy CONFIRMATION OF DAVID RYAN ban with the California Coastal Sanc- and to teach Russia and the world STRAS tuary Act in 1994. some different lessons about who we Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, Through a combination of local ordi- are. What are the things we could do? today I wish to express my disappoint- nances, congressional opposition, and Well, we could defend our democracy ment that David Stras was confirmed moratoria imposed by Presidents from from Russian political influence. to serve on the Eight Circuit Court of both parties, our State has also fought Let’s take legislative action to se- Appeals. off any new drilling in Federal waters cure election infrastructure, improve Mr. Stras’s nomination should not beyond 3 miles from the shore since our cyber security, counter and blunt have made it to the Senate floor. For 1984. Russian propaganda, and keep foreign over a century, the Senate Judiciary The Trump administration has now money out of our politics. That ought Committee has used the blue slip proc- proposed undoing our progress by open- not to be too hard to ask. ess to ensure that the White House ful- ing all Federal waters, including the Let’s defend our democracy from fu- fills its constitutional duty to seek the waters off California’s coast, to new ture Russian and foreign meddling. Senate’s advice and consent for judi- gas and oil drilling. Let’s insist on the implementation and cial nominations. Traditionally, a If his proposal is allowed to go enforcement of the sanctions against nominee received a committee hearing through, it would lead to the first new Russia. We passed them 98 to 2 for a only if both of their home State Sen- offshore oil drilling leases sold in the reason. Why is President Trump shel- ators returned their blue slips to the Pacific Ocean in more than 30 years. tering Putin and the oligarchs from committee. Despite receiving only one So far, an exception has been made that punch? Let’s insist on the message blue slip, Mr. Stras was granted a hear- for Florida, hastily announced by Inte- being delivered that we don’t tolerate ing, and his nomination was sent to the rior Secretary Ryan Zinke in response

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:33 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.053 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S647 to concerns from Florida’s Republican you are a worker at a big office build- trol, communications, computers, in- Governor. ing or a family staying in a hotel, dial- telligence, surveillance, and reconnais- That is completely arbitrary and not ing 9–1–1 should always connect you sance—C4ISR—equipment. Further- acceptable. with people who can help. more, this ship will be fully interoper- It is clear California also staunchly By passing Kari’s Law, we will enact able with existing and future Coast opposes this plan. According to the lat- a national standard to ensure that Guard, Department of Homeland Secu- est polling, nearly 70 percent of Cali- multiline telephone equipment must be rity, and Department of Defense assets. fornians oppose new drilling off our capable of supporting the ability to di- These state-of-the-art capabilities will coast. rectly reach emergency services by di- better enable the USCGC Joseph Senator HARRIS and I, together with aling 9–1–1 and that those responsible Gerczak to conduct missions that in- our colleagues in the House of Rep- for installing, maintaining, and oper- clude port, waterways, and the coasts; resentatives, have repeatedly shared ating the system are required to ensure fishery patrols; search and rescue; and our concerns with Secretary Zinke. that simply dialing 9–1–1, a critically national defense. The Secretary has even received important capability, is available for I ask my colleagues to join me in rec- statements of opposition from Califor- use in emergency situations. ognition of the commissioning of the nia’s Governor, senate, assembly, at- Ensuring multiline telephones are in- USCGC Joseph Gerczak into military torney general, coastal commission, stalled with the capability to contact service as a Coast Guard ship. fish and game commission, State lands emergency responders by dialing 9–1–1 f commission, and more than two dozen will help prevent tragedies like the one counties and cities. that Kari Hunt Dunn endured. TRIBUTE TO KERRY SUTTEN So why are we not being given the f Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, today I same deference as Florida? wish to recognize the dedicated career Unlike this administration, Cali- RECOGNIZING THE COMMIS- and service to the Congress and the in- fornia understands that offshore oil SIONING OF THE USCGC ‘‘JOSEPH telligence community of Kerry Sutten, drilling belongs in the past. We are GERCZAK’’ who is retiring at the end of this making smarter investments in clean Mr. TOOMEY. Mr. President, today I month after more than 20 years of serv- energy and renewable sources. Our wish to recognize the commissioning of ice in both the executive and legisla- State is on target to reduce greenhouse the Coast Guard’s 26th Sentinel-class tive branches of our government. Kerry gas emissions to 80 percent below 1990 Fast Response Cutter, FRC, the USCGC dedicated his professional career to levels by the year 2050. Joseph Gerczak. The commissioning help keep our Nation safe and to im- The President’s proposal would un- ceremony for this impressive ship will prove our government and intelligence dermine that progress. take place in Honolulu, HI, on March 9. community. We thank him for his dedi- The Trump administration’s pro- Although I regret not being able to at- cation. posed six new lease sales off the Cali- tend the ceremony in person, I am Kerry is leaving the Senate as the fornia coast would lead to new oil rigs deeply honored for the chance to speak deputy minority staff director of the that would continue to produce oil for about this cutter and the remarkable Senate Select Committee on Intel- decades to come. man for which it is named. ligence, a post he has held for the last That is well past the time we will Joseph Gerczak, a son of Pennsyl- 21⁄2 years. He first joined the committee need to have moved away from fossil vania, valiantly died fighting for his as the head of the committee’s collec- fuels altogether. country during World War II. He was tion review, a study looking at the in- Even though California has fought off born on February 10, 1922, in Philadel- telligence activities of all the IC. Dur- new Federal drilling for three decades, phia, PA. Soon after enlisting in the ing his time on the committee, Kerry there are still 43 leases that remain ac- Coast Guard on September 26, 1942, he has worked tirelessly to help the com- tive from Federal lease sales prior to was assigned to a tank landing ship mittee rigorously oversee the 17 intel- 1984. whose job it was to carry tanks, vehi- ligence agencies that make up our na- In State waters, there are still nine cles, cargo, and troops directly onto tional intelligence community and has active rigs that were built before the enemy shores. Gerczak was quickly especially dedicated himself to improv- Santa Barbara oil spill. We are still dealing with the legacy promoted to signalman third class on ing the oversight of the IC’s inspectors of last century’s drilling, but it is our this ship, which was called the USS general and to the protection of IC responsibility to leave a better legacy LST–66. whistleblowers. His efforts in these for the next century. On December 26, 1943, Gerczak and subjects have been invaluable. California won’t allow new offshore his crewmates participated in the ini- Prior to joining the committee, oil rigs to create another generation of tial Allied assault on the Japanese-held Kerry served in a variety of roles in the dirty carbon emissions and disastrous island of New Britain. During this op- Office of the Director of National Intel- oil spills. eration, the USS LST–66 came under ligence (ODNI), including spending al- California, along with our coastal sudden attack by seven Japanese dive most 5 years as the lead for intel- State friends, has rejected President bombers. Acting without hesitation, ligence community strategic planning Trump’s offshore drilling proposal. Gerczak was the first crewmember to in the Office of Systems and Resource It is time to respect our local opposi- man his battle station; he heroically Analysis, (SRA). In that capacity, tion and completely scrap this plan. shot down two Japanese planes before Kerry was responsible for helping pro- being mortally wounded from the vide resource direction for the entirety f shrapnel of a bomb blast. He was 21 of the IC, developing integrated plan- KARI’S LAW ACT years old. ning guidance for the various intel- Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I For his valor in battle, Gerczak was ligence programs, and managing the wish to recognize Senate passage of posthumously awarded both the Silver development of strategic priorities. Kari’s Law Act of 2017. Star and Purple Heart. The USS LST– In addition to his time in SRA, Kerry In December 2013, Kari Hunt Dunn 66’s entire crew was also given the held important roles in the Business was attacked by her estranged husband Presidential Unit Commendation. It is Transformation Office at ODNI and the in a hotel room. In an attempt to help exceptionally fitting that Gerczak be Office of the Chief Financial Officer. her mother, Kari’s 9-year-old daughter honored for the sacrifice he gave dur- Kerry was also instrumental in helping tried to contact the police by dialing 9– ing World War II by having his name to create the national counterter- 1–1. Tragically, the call failed to go live on in the service of the U.S. Coast rorism budget, a key accomplishment through because Kari’s daughter did Guard. in his time at the National Counterter- not dial ‘‘9’’ to reach an outside line The USCGC Joseph Gerczak will be rorism Center, (NCTC), where he served before entering 9–1–1. Kari did not sur- the second FRC based in Honolulu, HI, for almost 2 years as a Senior Program vive the attack. replacing the legacy Island-class patrol and Resource Officer. Prior to joining Kari’s murder brought a serious pub- boats. As a Sentinel-class cutter, it the IC, Mr. Sutten spent almost 5 years lic safety problem to light. Whether will feature advanced command, con- supporting the Director of the Bureau

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:19 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.050 S06FEPT1 S648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 of Economic Analysis at the U.S. De- Yet, my brother’s access to the care he beneficial on the national scale and leads to partment of Commerce, was the Direc- needs has decreased immensely in the last a large imbalance of power. There are also tor for Congressional and year. His weekly appointments with his oc- numerous flaws in the current American ap- Intragovernmental Affairs at the Eco- cupational therapist, which used to be cov- proach to health care. For one, even when ered by insurance, are now unaffordable as someone is insured there are upfront fees and nomics and Statistics Administration, my parents must continue supporting him in payments before insurance kicks in. This and worked for 2 years at the Bureau of their retirement. Learning this, I was upset. means that someone who is insured might the Census. Kerry began his govern- How could something so fundamental be re- not be able to pay these fees causing them to mental career as a Senior Economist at moved from our insurance policy without a be financially burdened by bills even with in- the Joint Economic Committee in July second thought? surance. 1997. In our society, mental health challenges Universal government health care has During his time in the government, are often dismissed as illegitimate and fix- proven to be a sufficient solution to the able. Words like psycho, idiot and lunatic, problem of health care. For example, Swit- Kerry won a wide variety of perform- are thrown around as diminutive insults zerland has universal health care and a per ance awards for his work. However, I rather than seen as impactful and poten- capita health expenditures of $1,879, com- am sure that he feels his most impor- tially harmful. Because of this, mental pared to America’s $4,160. Meaning that the tant award is his forthcoming and well- healthcare is considered a luxury rather United States is spending more money on deserved retirement. Kerry plans to re- than a necessity, and therefore not some- less. locate full-time to the Sperryville, VA, thing that should be covered by insurance. Making sure that this is available and area, where he owns and runs a popular The union we live in does not value mental maintained under the Trump administration coffee shop. Kerry’s plans include ex- healthcare simply because society does not. is important in the path towards accessible This issue starts with us. I cannot stay silent health insurance. No one should ever die be- panding the services offered by his shop and watch my parents sacrifice my brother’s cause they cannot afford treatment. to include a wine bar, and he has ex- future stability and independence in order to HOPE PETRARO, MONTPELIER HIGH SCHOOL, pressed an interest in raising chickens be able to support him in the long run; nor SOPHOMORE and miniature goats. While these sub- can I do this alone. I know that until society Commitment to democracy is the founding jects are far from the expertise he has begins placing value on the lives of people principal of the United States of America- shown in his time in and around the in- like Robbie, no one will—especially not embedded in the fabric of our Nation, the telligence community, I am sure he large-scale insurance providers. However, I crown jewel of our proverbial crown. A con- will excel at them just as he has in his believe that there are other people like me stitutional federal republic, with a system of who, if we band together, can create a small time with SSCI. checks and balances, is an assurance to con- group of thoughtful, committed citizens stituents that they each have a seat at the Kerry Sutten, we wish you great suc- ready to take on the world. For, unlike my cess and great happiness in your retire- table. Yet in practice, this has proven to be brother, my privilege has given me a voice, nothing but a promising facade. Gerry- ment. Thank you for your years of and it is my duty to use it to fight for him. mandering, voter suppression, and ‘‘money service. I owe him that much. in politics’’ are not a threat to our democ- f JACKSON NOEL, MILTON HIGH SCHOOL, SENIOR racy—they define American democracy. The With a nation as large as the United States disproportionate influence of wealthy indi- ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS there is a constant stream of issues and viduals and corporations in elections and in problems that require addressing. This the legislative process has muddled an hon- means that the most important issues are est definition of democracy in our Nation STATE OF THE UNION ESSAY those that involve the largest portion of the while simultaneously becoming it. However, FINALISTS United States population. In that way, the America’s commitment to tried-and-true ∑ biggest issue that the United States should methods does not necessitate lack of recep- Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I currently focus on is making sure that every tion to positive change. would like to congratulate more final- American can afford and has access to health Campaigns will always include campaign ists in this year’s State of the Union care. financing, as the distribution of information Essay Contest and, as I did with the fi- Every American should have the right to to voters is dependent upon systems that re- nalists I recognized yesterday, I ask health care, as wealth should not determine quire funding. In addition, campaign con- that their essays be printed in the quality of life. Health care is an incredibly tributions, whether by individuals or cor- RECORD. important aspect of everyone’s lives as it al- porations, can rightfully be considered an ex- The material follows: lows them to live without worrying about ercise of the First Amendment right to free not having access to critical care and treat- speech. However, refusal to set donation lim- MAISIE NEWBURY, MIDDLEBURY UNION HIGH ment to thrive. In this way, the solution to its violates the grounds of equality upon SCHOOL, JUNIOR this problem is the maintaining and con- which such freedom of speech is conducted, ‘‘Whenever you feel like criticizing any- stant adjusting of the Patient Protection and can arguably censor and repress the one, just remember that all the people in and Affordable Care Act, ‘‘ACA’’, to best suit speech of the less wealthy as it greatly di- this world haven’t had the advantages that and assist the American people. The benefit minishes their relative influence. Unfortu- you’ve had.’’ The Great Gatsby, page 1. This of the Affordable Care Act is deceptively nately, Citizens United and the subsequent was one of my father’s favorite quotes when simple in that more Americans would be able SpeechNow allow donors to make unlimited I was growing up. He always cautioned me to to afford and hold onto healthcare. This donations to super PACS. This includes think before I spoke or better yet, ‘‘think be- means that they would be able to live a bet- money donated by foreign entities, possibly fore you think.’’ While some might call this ter life and be better functioning members of anonymously as ‘‘dark money’’. Moreover, inauthentic, my father called it sensible. society. The Affordable Care Act has proven these expenditures aren’t verifiably inde- I am not blind to the privilege I possess. to be a legitimate solution since it has been pendent from candidates. Collusion between Though, living in the big house atop the hill enacted under the Obama administration. super PACs, often created by associates of with my two healthy, living parents in the According to the New York Times, the num- candidates and candidates themselves, is sheltered town of Weybridge, Vermont, it ber of Americans without healthcare is rarely, if ever, regulated. In addition, it is would be an easy thing to forget—if it ‘‘down by 25 percent.’’ This shows that the hypocritical to argue, in the name of free weren’t for my brother, Robbie. Affordable Care Act is effective at achieving speech, that donors can contribute an unlim- Robbie does not talk much. He cannot its goals. ited amount to expenditures but that those read. He cannot write. He has ‘‘Severe, Re- There are many people who believe that expenditures must remain independent. Citi- gressive Autism,’’ a developmental disorder the United States government should play zens United, SpeechNow, and the additional that inhibits his literacy and communication no role in health care; this is a flawed per- McCutcheon rulings have nearly neutralized skills. When I was younger, my parents ex- spective. The goal is insure as many Amer- the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, adding plained to me that the world looked different ican citizens as possible it makes the most a somewhat plutocratic influence upon the to Robbie. It was louder, brighter and so sense to have defined government regula- electoral process and American democracy much bigger. Living with Robbie, I am con- tion. One belief is that there should be a free as a whole. stantly reminded of my privilege. Every market for health insurance, allowing com- This issue is multi-partisan. According to time I speak, run, ski, read, write . . . I’m panies to compete to provide the best system Gallup Poll, the greatest majority of Ameri- doing something that he cannot. All the to benefit the people. There are many prob- cans cite dissatisfaction with the govern- things I do on a daily basis are insurmount- lems with a free market health care system ment and poor leadership as our Nation’s able obstacles to him. Yet, even without that stops it from being helpful and most most important issue. A September 2015 these luxuries, my brother smiles and useful for the American people. A free mar- Bloomberg poll found that about 80 percent laughs—he enjoys his life and his experience ket is not designed to allow for everyone to of Republicans and Democrats alike oppose because he owns it. No one should be allowed have insurance, but rather people who can Citizens United. This overarching dis- to take that from him. afford it having better access. This is not satisfaction can be ameliorated by working

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:33 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.053 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S649 to keep elections in the hands of the Amer- Instead of repealing and replacing the Af- were not from cold. He was shaking from ican people. Political groups, such as the fordable Care Act, it should be expanded withdrawal. Beads of sweat trickled down his Swift Boat Veterans for Truth and ALEC, upon. The government should fund programs forehead and soaked his shirt. His body was were able to influence elections before Citi- to offer reasonably priced healthcare to unable to handle the side effects of with- zens United, SpeechNow, and McCutcheon, Americans. Doing so would create a lasting drawal. He was a heroin addict. This home- and are able to influence the legislative solution to poor citizens being unable to ac- less man with torn clothing, could not access process, respectively. However, it’s impor- cess health care. The quality of life for mil- a treatment center. His last-ditch effort was tant for Americans to avoid demoralization, lions of Americans would be improved. to sit on the steps of a church and pray, understanding that the first step to achiev- ETHAN SCHMITT, RUTLAND HIGH SCHOOL, scream, for a miracle. ing a republic free of corruption rests in SOPHOMORE A miracle is ‘‘a highly improbable or extraordinary event, development, or accom- truly democratic elections. A true democ- I am the grandson of a card-carrying mem- plishment that brings very welcome con- racy can be achieved by restoring the Bipar- ber of the National Rifle Association. I sup- sequences.’’ Miracles are meant for things we tisan Campaign Reform Act, strengthening port the United States Constitution and all cannot control, not things we can control campaign-finance regulations, and sup- of its amendments. Despite this, I believe like making help available for drug addicts. porting public campaign-financing initia- that the way our country’s officials have in- tives. We, the American people, must decide By funding public drug rehabilitation cen- terpreted the Second Amendment has cre- ters, we can help drug addicts to recover our destiny, and our elections should remind ated the foundation for many mass shoot- each American that their voices prevail. from their addictions. No addicts can do it ings, which have claimed the lives of count- alone and adequate support is the only way ZOE PRUE, CHAMPLAIN VALLEY UNION HIGH less innocent civilians. to help with these problems. SCHOOL, JUNIOR A price cannot be assigned for the lives An analysis from Blue Cross Blue Shield The United States is distinguished by the lost due to this awfully dangerous policy of found that from 2010 to 2016, the number of values that are deeply embedded in our cul- our country; every time another person dies people diagnosed with an addiction to ture and economy. Americans place empha- due to homicide, another family is torn opioids climbed 493 percent. Yet, at the same sis on individual initiative and self-created apart. Many children have been killed, par- time, there was only a 65 percent increase in success. These ideas are evident in the Con- ticularly in church and school shootings. the number of people getting medication-as- stitution, its amendments, and various insti- And even in cases where there are children sisted treatment to manage their addiction. tutions. Their derivation is best seen in a fa- who haven’t been physically impacted by the Why do we allow the drug abuse problem to mous phrase written in the Declaration of mass shootings, they may have lost a loved skyrocket well beyond treatment resources? Independence, ‘‘life, liberty, and the pursuit one which will take a toll on them mentally Perhaps it is because drug treatment centers of happiness.’’ Captured in these seven words and emotionally for the rest of their lives. come at a cost. They can range from $20,000– are the ubiquitous values of our Nation. The universal definition of the term mass $60,000 for a 30–90 day inpatient stay. No won- Our focus on individually created pros- shooting is when four or more people are in- der 77.7 percent of addicts cannot afford it. perity is manifested by capitalism and the jured or killed in a single event at the same But for society, the costs go well beyond free market. However, these are not condu- time and location. According to The Guard- treatment. cive to always guaranteeing protections like ian, there have been 1,516 mass shootings in The opioid crisis in America is increasing health care for our most vulnerable citizens. the past 1,735 days before October 1, 2017, the by the day and with it comes increased In America, there are families stymied in an date of the mass shooting that took place at deaths and suffering. Some suggest creating unrelenting cycle of poverty, and they are the Mandalay Bay Hotel in Las Vegas. A injection sites to supervise heroin users to incapable of rising out of the cycle for a total of 1,719 people have died as a result of help with the growing death toll. But this is myriad of factors. For example, access to these mass shootings, while an additional a short term fix. Rehab is a long-term fix education and vocational training, discrimi- 6,510 were injured. The gun at the forefront and gives opioid abusers a chance to reclaim nation—especially for marginalized commu- of these mass shootings was the semi-auto- normal lives. nities—higher incarceration rates, low sala- matic rifle, which has the ability to shoot a Making rehabilitation centers more acces- ries/wages, and lack of jobs. Impoverished round, and automatically reload with an- sible to financially strapped addicts will help people have difficulties paying for the bare other round that is fired with an additional the opioid epidemic. Reducing or eliminating minimums like housing, food, and heat. Con- pull of the trigger. Despite the National the financial blockades to treatment that sequently, families rarely find any spare Rifle Association’s attempts to defend such a exist for nearly 80 percent of addicts will an- money to spend on healthcare. weapon as a gun mostly used for hunting swer the prayers of an increasing number of This is an issue because, according to the purposes, there is no need for this hazardous victims of this plague. Affordable rehabilita- National Center for Children in Poverty, 15 assault weapon in order to successfully hunt. tion centers will eliminate the need for mir- million children in the United States live In addition, devices known as bump stocks acles. below the federal poverty line. There are are used to simulate the speed of fire similar ELLA WHITMAN, CHAMPLAIN VALLEY UNION HIGH millions of children who do not receive reg- to that of an automatic weapon for a semi- SCHOOL, JUNIOR ular physical check-ups, necessary optom- automatic weapon. An automatic weapon When my high school principal told us that etry appointments, or dental care. Children has the ability to fire multiple rounds of am- there were only three rules we had to follow and adolescents are suffering from health munition by only pulling the trigger of a gun I was shocked. How can you sum up every ex- problems that impact their quality of life. once, and are more commonly known as ma- pectation that must be demanded of a young Many treatable ailments require simple fixes chine guns. The American people have been adult into three things? He went on to in- such as glasses to see the board, fillings for prohibited from the use of these weapons form us that we must take care of ourselves, painful cavities, medicine for illnesses, or in- with the passing of the National Firearms take care of each other, and the place. While halers for asthma. It is within our capacity Act in 1934. However, bump stocks have not thinking about these three guidelines it be- to fix these problems, so why are we not? We been banned, and the result of this have been came apparent that achieving them can be should be concerned about the health of our conflicts such as the mass shooting in Las challenging at times but the step to do it is Nation’s citizens as it is one of the most im- Vegas where the gunman successfully at- simple; you must respect all things. Looking portant issues facing the U.S. today. tached these devices to 23 of his semi-auto- at our Nation today it is clear that lack of There is an inescapable need for affordable matic rifles, and used them to kill 58 people, respect creates the most conflict in our Na- and accessible health care for the American which resulted in the most devastating tion. Our negligence to respect each other’s public. The lasting impacts of affordable shooting in U.S. history. bodies, opinions, ethnicities, races, back- healthcare would be monumental. When we The solution to this mass shooting epi- grounds and beliefs leads us to discrimina- invest in the health and livelihoods of the demic is clear. Congress must use rationality tion, hatred and prejudice. We see endless ex- next generation of Americans, we are invest- and act as a bipartisan group to pass a bill amples in our lives today. ing in the next generation of our workforce. which regulates the use of semi-automatic The lack of respect for one another’s opin- Healthier people results in more able work- weapons and bump stocks which have both ion is vividly apparent in politics today. The ers, who by extension, are able to support been used with frequency in a multitude of Pew Research Center recently reported how their own families. It is one of the best mass shootings across the United States. the partisan divide on our Nation’s politics methods to combatting the poverty cycle. American citizens have the right to bear is increasing. A study concluded, ‘‘The We characterize our Nation by our belief in arms, but not with weapons that have no shares of Republicans and Democrats who individualism and independence. However, purpose in hunting, target practice, or even express very unfavorable opinions of the op- when we see a system that is relentlessly un- self-defense. posing party have increased dramatically forgiving towards people in poverty, the ELIZABETH TOENSING, CHAMPLAIN VALLEY since the 1990’s, but have changed little in most productive conclusion to come to is UNION HIGH SCHOOL, JUNIOR recent years.’’ This is alarming because if we that we have to start taking care of our On a summer Saturday morning, I was as people cannot see others perspective, we neighbors. The cycle disempowers them; it driving into Burlington. At a stop light, I will not be able to collaborate or work with strips them of the ability to pay for neces- looked over at a church to my right. A man, one another to collectively strengthen our sities like healthcare. This is why affordable in his early twenties was sitting on the Nation. By respecting others’ opinions we healthcare needs to be obtainable for all steps. He was shivering ferociously, yelling can gain insight and also learn their specific Americans. at God, and begging for help. His tremors needs.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:33 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.055 S06FEPT1 S650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 Not only is respect lacking towards each MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE MEASURES PLACED ON THE other’s opinions, but to others wellbeing as CALENDAR we have recently seen millions of women ENROLLED BILL SIGNED come forward with stories of sexual abuse. At 10:02 a.m., a message from the The following bills were read the sec- Not only in our Nation’s history but in House of Representatives, delivered by ond time, and placed on the calendar: present day, women are treated as objects. Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- H.R. 1551. An act to amend the Internal Just within the last twenty four hours, addi- nounced that the Speaker has signed Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the credit for tional notable people have come forward the following enrolled bill: production from advanced nuclear power fa- with their previous stories of harassment cilities. such as Reese Witherspoon, Jennifer Law- H.R. 4708. An act to amend the Homeland H.R. 2372. An act to amend the Internal rence and Molly Ringwald, not to mention Security Act of 2002 to require the Secretary Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify the rules re- the 12 million others who have also shared of Homeland Security to issue Department of lating to veteran health insurance and eligi- their own stories on Facebook. Homeland Security-wide guidance and de- bility for the premium tax credit. Looking back, maybe our principal had a velop training programs as part of the De- H.R. 2579. An act to amend the Internal point. To function not only as a school, but partment of Homeland Security Blue Cam- Revenue Code of 1986 to allow the premium as a community or even a nation we must paign, and for other purposes. tax credit with respect to unsubsidized have respect. To advance our Nation from its The enrolled bill was subsequently COBRA continuation coverage. biggest struggles and alleviate the con- signed by the President pro tempore The following bills were read the first sequences that come with it, each person (Mr. HATCH). must learn how to see out of another’s eyes. and second times by unanimous con- Each person must treat one another with sent, and placed on the calendar: dignity. Respect is important to our country At 10:43 a.m., a message from the H.R. 1809. An act to reauthorize and im- because it allows us to adjoin together as House of Representatives, delivered by prove the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency one. Our Nation was created upon respect Mr. Novotny, one of its reading clerks, Prevention Act of 1974, and for other pur- and embracing one another for their dif- announced that the House has passed poses. ferences. Each person’s difference allows us the following bills, in which it requests H.R. 3445. An act to enhance the trans- to be the unique nation we are today. We the concurrence of the Senate: parency and accelerate the impact of pro- must embrace and respect every opinion that grams under the African Growth and Oppor- H.R. 2504. An act to ensure fair treatment each one of us has, every talent each one of tunity Act and the Millennium Challenge in licensing requirements for the export of us possesses and every person each one of us Corporation, and for other purposes. certain echinoderms. is. H.R. 2646. An act to reauthorize the United f NAME WITHHELD UPON REQUEST, BURLINGTON States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act of EXECUTIVE AND OTHER SCHOOL DISTRICT, SENIOR 2015, and for other purposes. COMMUNICATIONS The biggest issue we face in America today H.R. 2888. An act to establish the Ste. Gen- is that we neglect our incarcerated popu- evieve National Historic Site in the State of The following communications were lation. I’m part of the juvenile incarcerated Missouri, and for other purposes. laid before the Senate, together with population, and as a resident I don’t feel like H.R. 4547. An act to amend titles II, VIII, accompanying papers, reports, and doc- I’m getting the appropriate treatment I and XVI of the Social Security Act to im- uments, and were referred as indicated: need. I was already here once and the skills prove and strengthen the representative pay- I learned were not enough to keep me from ment program. EC–4237. A communication from the Direc- coming back. tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Incarcerated people need to be given the The message also announced that Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- opportunity and resources to identify what pursuant to 15 U.S.C. 1024(a), and the ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- gets them in trouble and to work on their order of the House of January 3, 2017, titled ‘‘Isoxaben; Pesticide Tolerances’’ problems. If a person has a history of violent the Speaker appoints the following (FRL No. 9972–75) received during adjourn- behaviors and is incarcerated because of his Member on the part of the House of ment of the Senate in the Office of the Presi- behaviors, he shouldn’t be doing groups on Representatives to the Joint Economic dent of the Senate on February 1, 2018; to the drugs and alcohol. Instead he should be fo- Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Committee: Mrs. HANDEL of Georgia. cusing his time and attention on working to Forestry. better his violent behaviors so he can be suc- ENROLLED BILL SIGNED EC–4238. A communication from the Direc- cessful when he gets out. At 5:59 p.m., a message from the tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Another issue is that there are many House of Representatives, delivered by Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- young people in the system who do not need Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Fomesafen; Pesticide Tolerances’’ to be. There are almost 7,000 youth behind nounced that the Speaker has signed bars for ‘‘technical violations’’ of their pro- (FRL No. 9972–66) received during adjourn- bation. Also, about 600 youth are behind bars the following enrolled bill: ment of the Senate in the Office of the Presi- for ‘‘status offense,’’ which are behaviors S. 534. An act to prevent the sexual abuse dent of the Senate on February 1, 2018; to the that are not law violations for adults, such of minors and amateur athletes by requiring Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and as running away, truancy, and incorri- the prompt reporting of sexual abuse to law Forestry. gibility. enforcement authorities, and for other pur- EC–4239. A communication from the First There are another 840,000 people on parole poses. Vice President and Vice Chairman of the and about 3.7 million people on probation. I Board of the Export-Import Bank, transmit- would like to see better support for these f ting, pursuant to law, the Bank’s 2017 An- people who come out of jail. If previously in- nual Report; to the Committee on Banking, carcerated people relapse for certain types of Housing, and Urban Affairs. offenses like drug and alcohol offenses, MEASURES REFERRED EC–4240. A communication from the Sec- breaking curfew, or violating probation, they The following bills were read the first retary of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- should be given opportunities to fix that be- and the second times by unanimous ant to law, a six-month periodic report on fore it becomes a pattern, rather than being the national emergency that was declared in thrown back in jail. consent, and referred as indicated: Executive Order 13441 with respect to Leb- I also think they should have more adult H.R. 2504. An act to ensure fair treatment anon; to the Committee on Banking, Hous- programs like juveniles have such as short or in licensing requirements for the export of ing, and Urban Affairs. longterm programs away from their environ- certain echinoderms; to the Committee on EC–4241. A communication from the Sec- ment. A placement that juveniles go to after Environment and Public Works. retary of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- being released from a locked facility is H.R. 2646. An act to reauthorize the United ant to law, a six-month periodic report on called a step down. Laraway is an example of States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act of the national emergency with respect to per- this, where a juvenile can go and be allowed 2015, and for other purposes; to the Com- sons undermining democratic processes or back in the community. They are given the mittee on Foreign Relations. institutions in Zimbabwe that was declared opportunity and supports to help them find a H.R. 2888. An act to establish the Ste. Gen- in Executive Order 13288 of March 6, 2003; to job and enroll back in school. evieve National Historic Site in the State of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and I hope that policymakers and the public Missouri, and for other purposes; to the Com- Urban Affairs. carefully consider better treatment within mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. EC–4242. A communication from the Chair- locked facilities and alternatives to incar- H.R. 4547. An act to amend titles II, VIII, man, Federal Housing Finance Board, trans- ceration for people who are not a threat to and XVI of the Social Security Act to im- mitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to public safety. We should ask whether legiti- prove and strengthen the representative pay- the Board’s Strategic Plan for fiscal years mate social goals are served by maintaining ment program; to the Committee on Fi- 2018 - 2022; to the Committee on Banking, the status quo.∑ nance. Housing, and Urban Affairs.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:33 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.056 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S651

EC–4243. A communication from the Direc- EC–4252. A communication from the Acting By Mr. KAINE (for himself, Mrs. GILLI- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, Director, Bureau of Consumer Financial Pro- BRAND, and Mrs. MURRAY): Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- tection, transmitting, pursuant to law, the S. 2379. A bill to improve and expand au- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Bureau’s fiscal year 2016 Federal Activities thorities, programs, services, and benefits titled ‘‘Montana Second 10-Year Carbon Inventory Reform (FAIR) Act submission of for military spouses and military families, Monoxide Maintenance Plan for Missoula’’ its commercial and inherently governmental and for other purposes; to the Committee on (FRL No. 9973–17–Region 8) received during activities; to the Committee on Homeland Armed Services. adjournment of the Senate in the Office of Security and Governmental Affairs. By Mr. HELLER: the President of the Senate on February 1, EC–4253. A communication from the Gen- S. 2380. A bill to amend the Immigration 2018; to the Committee on Environment and eral Counsel of the Federal Housing Finance and Nationality Act with respect to aliens Public Works. Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, the associated with criminal gangs, and for other EC–4244. A communication from the Direc- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Freedom of Infor- purposes; to the Committee on the Judici- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, mation Act Implementation’’ (RIN2590–AA86) ary. Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- received during adjournment of the Senate By Ms. KLOBUCHAR (for herself, Mr. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- in the Office of the President of the Senate DAINES, Mr. GARDNER, and Mrs. titled ‘‘Definitions of ‘Waters of the United on February 2, 2018; to the Committee on GILLIBRAND): States’—Addition of an Applicability Date to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. S. 2381. A bill to amend title 23, United 2015 Clean Water Rule’’ (FRL No. 9974–20– EC–4254. A communication from the Sec- States Code, to direct the Secretary of OW) received during adjournment of the Sen- retary, Judicial Conference of the United Transportation to require that broadband ate in the Office of the President of the Sen- States, transmitting, pursuant to law, a re- conduits be installed as a part of certain ate on February 1, 2018; to the Committee on port entitled ‘‘Report of the Proceedings of highway construction projects, and for other Environment and Public Works. the Judicial Conference of the United purposes; to the Committee on Environment EC–4245. A communication from the Direc- States’’ for the September 2017 session; to and Public Works. tor of the Regulatory Management Division, the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. TILLIS (for himself and Mr. Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- EC–4255. A communication from the Sec- KING): ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- retary of the Board of Governors, U.S. Postal S. 2382. A bill to amend title 38, United titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air Service, transmitting, pursuant to law, a re- States Code, to provide for requirements re- Quality Implementation Plan Revisions; Re- port relative to the Postal Accountability lating to the reassignment of Department of gional Haze and Interstate Visibility Trans- and Enhancement Act of 2006; to the Com- Veterans Affairs senior executive employees, port Federal Implementation Plan Revi- mittee on Homeland Security and Govern- and for other purposes; to the Committee on sions; Withdrawal of Federal Implementa- Veterans’ Affairs. tion Plan for NOx for Electric Generating mental Affairs. EC–4256. A communication from the Direc- By Mr. HATCH (for himself, Mr. COONS, Units in Arkansas’’ (FRL No. 9973–61–OAR) Mr. GRAHAM, and Mr. WHITEHOUSE): received during adjournment of the Senate tor of Regulations and Policy Management Staff, Food and Drug Administration, De- S. 2383. A bill to amend title 18, United in the Office of the President of the Senate States Code, to improve law enforcement ac- on February 1, 2018; to the Committee on En- partment of Health and Human Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of cess to data stored across borders, and for vironment and Public Works. other purposes; to the Committee on the Ju- EC–4246. A communication from the Direc- a rule entitled ‘‘Removal of Certain Time of Inspection and Duties of Inspector Regula- diciary. tor of the Regulatory Management Division, By Mr. VAN HOLLEN (for himself, Mr. Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- tions for Biological Products’’ ((RIN0910– PERDUE, Mr. TILLIS, Mr. GRAHAM, Mr. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- AH49) (Docket No. FDA–2017–N–7007)) re- BROWN, Mr. COONS, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. titled ‘‘Additions to List of Section 241.4 Cat- ceived in the Office of the President of the KAINE, and Mr. MANCHIN): egorical Non-Waste Fuels: Other Treated Senate on February 5, 2018; to the Com- mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and S. 2384. A bill to amend the National Agri- Railroad Ties’’ (FRL No. 9969–80–OLEM) re- cultural Research, Extension, and Teaching ceived during adjournment of the Senate in Pensions. EC–4257. A communication from the Direc- Policy Act of 1977 to make funding available the Office of the President of the Senate on to 1890 institutions without fiscal year limi- February 1, 2018; to the Committee on Envi- tor of Regulations and Policy Management Staff, Food and Drug Administration, De- tation; to the Committee on Agriculture, ronment and Public Works. Nutrition, and Forestry. EC–4247. A communication from the Chief partment of Health and Human Services, By Mr. SCHATZ (for himself, Ms. HAR- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of RIS, Mr. GARDNER, Mr. SULLIVAN, and Internal Revenue Service, Department of the a rule entitled ‘‘Listing of Color Additives Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Exempt from Certification; Calcium Car- Ms. HIRONO): S. 2385. A bill to establish best practices report of a rule entitled ‘‘Guidance on With- bonate; Confirmation of Effective Date’’ ((21 for State, tribal, and local governments par- holding Rules’’ (Notice 2018–14) received dur- CFR Part 73) (Docket No. FDA–2016–C–2767)) ticipating in the Integrated Public Alert and ing adjournment of the Senate in the Office received in the Office of the President of the Warning System, and for other purposes; to of the President of the Senate on February 2, Senate on February 5, 2018; to the Com- the Committee on Homeland Security and 2018; to the Committee on Finance. mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and Governmental Affairs. EC–4248. A communication from the Assist- Pensions. By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself, Mr. ant General Counsel for Regulatory Affairs, EC–4258. A communication from the Assist- MANCHIN, and Mrs. ERNST): Consumer Product Safety Commission, ant Attorney General, Office of Legislative S. 2386. A bill to provide additional protec- transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of Affairs, Department of Justice, transmit- tions for our veterans; to the Committee on a rule entitled ‘‘Revision to Children’s Gaso- ting, pursuant to law, a report on the activi- Veterans’ Affairs. line Burn Prevention Act Regulation’’ ((16 ties of the Community Relations Service for CFR Part 1460) (Docket No. CPSC–2015–0006)) fiscal year 2017; to the Committee on the Ju- f received in the Office of the President of the diciary. Senate on February 5, 2018; to the Com- SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- f SENATE RESOLUTIONS tation. INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND The following concurrent resolutions EC–4249. A communication from the Assist- JOINT RESOLUTIONS and Senate resolutions were read, and ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- referred (or acted upon), as indicated: ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to The following bills and joint resolu- law, a report relative to extending and tions were introduced, read the first By Ms. KLOBUCHAR (for herself, Mr. amending the Agreement Between the Gov- and second times by unanimous con- HATCH, Mr. BENNET, Mr. ISAKSON, and Mr. THUNE): ernment of the United States of America and sent, and referred as indicated: the Government of the Republic of Mali Con- S. Res. 392. A resolution commemorating cerning the Imposition of Import Restric- By Mr. BROWN (for himself and Mr. the success of the United States Olympic and tions on Categories of Archaeological and PORTMAN): Paralympic Teams in the past 23 Olympic Ethnological Material of the Republic of S. 2377. A bill to designate the Federal Winter Games and 11 Paralympic Winter Mali; to the Committee on Finance. building and United States courthouse lo- Games and supporting the United States EC–4250. A communication from the Sec- cated at 200 West 2nd Street in Dayton, Ohio, Olympic and Paralympic Teams in the 2018 retary General of the Inter-Parliamentary as the ‘‘Walter H. Rice Federal Building and Olympic Winter Games and Paralympic Win- Union, transmitting, a report relative to United States Courthouse’’; to the Com- ter Games; to the Committee on Commerce, international trade; to the Committee on Fi- mittee on Environment and Public Works. Science, and Transportation. nance. By Mr. ROUNDS: By Mr. SCHUMER: EC–4251. A communication from the Sec- S. 2378. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- S. Res. 393. A resolution making minority retary General of the Inter-Parliamentary enue Code of 1986 to provide an exclusion appointments for the 115th Congress; consid- Union, transmitting, a report relative to from gross income for interest on certain ered and agreed to. international trade; to the Committee on Fi- small business loans; to the Committee on By Mr. ISAKSON (for himself, Mr. nance. Finance. WHITEHOUSE, Mr. BOOKER, Mr. BROWN,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:33 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.008 S06FEPT1 S652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 Mrs. CAPITO, Mr. CASSIDY, Mr. COR- 1343, a bill to amend the Internal Rev- Social Security Act to provide fairness NYN, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, enue Code to extend and modify certain in hospital payments under the Medi- Mr. WYDEN, and Mr. PETERS): charitable tax provisions. care program. S. Res. 394. A resolution recognizing Janu- S. 2173 ary 2018 as National Mentoring Month; con- S. 1353 sidered and agreed to. At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the At the request of Mr. CORNYN, the name of the Senator from New York f name of the Senator from Massachu- setts (Mr. MARKEY) was added as a co- (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) was added as a co- ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS sponsor of S. 1353, a bill to require sponsor of S. 2173, a bill to amend sub- S. 351 States to automatically register eligi- part 2 of part B of title IV of the Social At the request of Mr. HATCH, the ble voters to vote in elections for Fed- Security Act to extend State court name of the Senator from Wyoming eral offices, and for other purposes. funding for child welfare, and for other (Mr. ENZI) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1746 purposes. S. 351, a bill to amend the Higher Edu- At the request of Mr. LEE, the name S. 2194 cation Act of 1965 to provide for com- of the Senator from Iowa (Mrs. ERNST) At the request of Ms. CANTWELL, the prehensive student achievement infor- was added as a cosponsor of S. 1746, a name of the Senator from Rhode Island mation. bill to require the Congressional Budg- (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) was added as a co- S. 545 et Office to make publicly available sponsor of S. 2194, a bill to remove a At the request of Mr. PAUL, the the fiscal and mathematical models, limitation on a prohibition relating to names of the Senator from North Caro- data, and other details of computations permits for discharges incidental to lina (Mr. BURR) and the Senator from used in cost analysis and scoring. normal operation of vessels. S. 2235 Idaho (Mr. RISCH) were added as co- S. 1899 At the request of Mr. DONNELLY, the sponsors of S. 545, a bill to preserve and At the request of Mr. BLUNT, the protect the free choice of individual names of the Senator from Montana name of the Senator from Montana (Mr. DAINES) was added as a cosponsor employees to form, join, or assist labor (Mr. DAINES) and the Senator from New of S. 2235, a bill to establish a tiered organizations, or to refrain from such Jersey (Mr. MENENDEZ) were added as activities. cosponsors of S. 1899, a bill to reauthor- hiring preference for members of the reserve components of the Armed S. 698 ize and extend funding for community Forces. At the request of Ms. CANTWELL, the health centers and the National Health name of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. Service Corps. S. 2244 At the request of Ms. COLLINS, the WYDEN) was added as a cosponsor of S. S. 1917 names of the Senator from Nebraska 698, a bill to establish a national pro- At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the (Mrs. FISCHER), the Senator from Min- gram to identify and reduce losses from names of the Senator from Idaho (Mr. nesota (Ms. KLOBUCHAR) and the Sen- landslide hazards, to establish a na- CRAPO) and the Senator from Con- ator from New Hampshire (Mrs. SHA- tional 3D Elevation Program, and for necticut (Mr. BLUMENTHAL) were added HEEN) were added as cosponsors of S. other purposes. as cosponsors of S. 1917, a bill to reform 2244, a bill to create opportunities for S. 732 sentencing laws and correctional insti- women in the aviation industry. At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the tutions, and for other purposes. S. 2296 name of the Senator from Montana S. 2076 At the request of Mr. JOHNSON, the (Mr. TESTER) was added as a cosponsor At the request of Ms. COLLINS, the name of the Senator from Iowa (Mrs. of S. 732, a bill to amend the Internal names of the Senator from Maine (Mr. ERNST) was added as a cosponsor of S. Revenue Code of 1986 to allow a refund- KING) and the Senator from Massachu- 2296, a bill to increase access to agency able tax credit against income tax for setts (Ms. WARREN) were added as co- guidance documents. the purchase of qualified access tech- sponsors of S. 2076, a bill to amend the S. 2304 nology for the blind. Public Health Service Act to authorize At the request of Mr. TILLIS, the S. 813 the expansion of activities related to name of the Senator from New Hamp- At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive decline, shire (Ms. HASSAN) was added as a co- name of the Senator from Missouri and brain health under the Alzheimer’s sponsor of S. 2304, a bill to amend title (Mrs. MCCASKILL) was added as a co- Disease and Healthy Aging Program, 38, United States Code, to protect vet- sponsor of S. 813, a bill to amend the and for other purposes. erans from predatory lending, and for Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to S. 2101 other purposes. make it unlawful for a packer to own, At the request of Mr. DONNELLY, the S. 2310 feed, or control livestock intended for names of the Senator from Arkansas At the request of Mr. TESTER, the slaughter. (Mr. COTTON) and the Senator from name of the Senator from Missouri S. 951 Montana (Mr. TESTER) were added as (Mrs. MCCASKILL) was added as a co- At the request of Mr. PORTMAN, the cosponsors of S. 2101, a bill to award a sponsor of S. 2310, a bill to require the name of the Senator from South Caro- Congressional Gold Medal, collectively, United States Trade Representative to lina (Mr. SCOTT) was added as a cospon- to the crew of the USS Indianapolis, in permit the public to submit comments sor of S. 951, a bill to reform the proc- recognition of their perseverance, brav- on trade agreement negotiations ess by which Federal agencies analyze ery, and service to the United States. through the Internet. and formulate new regulations and S. 2138 S. 2324 guidance documents, and for other pur- At the request of Ms. WARREN, the At the request of Mr. HELLER, the poses. names of the Senator from Iowa (Mrs. name of the Senator from Idaho (Mr. S. 974 ERNST) and the Senator from Montana RISCH) was added as a cosponsor of S. At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the (Mr. TESTER) were added as cosponsors 2324, a bill to amend the Investment name of the Senator from Minnesota of S. 2138, a bill to authorize the cre- Company Act of 1940 to change certain (Ms. SMITH) was added as a cosponsor ation of a commission to develop vol- requirements relating to the capital of S. 974, a bill to promote competition untary accessibility guidelines for elec- structure of business development com- in the market for drugs and biological tronic instructional materials and re- panies, to direct the Securities and Ex- products by facilitating the timely lated technologies used in postsec- change Commission to revise certain entry of lower-cost generic and bio- ondary education, and for other pur- rules relating to business development similar versions of those drugs and bio- poses. companies, and for other purposes. logical products. S. 2156 S. 2340 S. 1343 At the request of Mr. BURR, the name At the request of Mr. SCHATZ, the At the request of Mr. THUNE, the of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. ROB- name of the Senator from New Hamp- name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. ERTS) was added as a cosponsor of S. shire (Mrs. SHAHEEN) was added as a co- ISAKSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. 2156, a bill to amend title XVIII of the sponsor of S. 2340, a bill to establish

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:19 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.009 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S653 the Federal Labor-Management Part- My State is the home of the Univer- issue that is impacting our veterans nership Council. sity of Maryland Eastern Shore population. That issue is the system- S. 2345 (UMES), Maryland’s only 1890 Land- atic denial of these veterans’ Second At the request of Mr. CORNYN, the Grant University and one of the State’s Amendment rights. This comes up in names of the Senator from New Hamp- four Historically Black Colleges and discussions with Iowa veterans, and I shire (Mrs. SHAHEEN) and the Senator Universities (HBCUs). UMES, along have candidly discussed this issue be- from North Dakota (Mr. HOEVEN) were with the University of Maryland Col- fore on the Senate floor. added as cosponsors of S. 2345, a bill to lege Park, form the University of Today, I am introducing bipartisan amend the DNA Analysis Backlog Maryland Extension—a statewide edu- legislation, cosponsored by Senator MANCHIN, called the Veterans’ Second Elimination Act of 2000 to provide addi- cational organization funded by Fed- Amendment Rights Restoration Act of tional resources to State and local eral, State, and local governments that 2018. This bill is being introduced to prosecutors, and for other purposes. brings research-based knowledge directly to communities throughout the solve the problem of denying these S. 2372 ‘‘Old Line’’ State. The mission of Uni- rights to veterans. At the request of Mr. ISAKSON, the versity of Maryland Extension is to The legislation is about the fidelity name of the Senator from Florida (Mr. educate citizens to apply practical, re- of the Constitution and about the fidel- RUBIO) was added as a cosponsor of S. search-based knowledge to critical ity of the Bill of Rights. It is also 2372, a bill to amend title 38, United issues facing individuals, families, about due process and fairness for vet- States Code, to provide outer burial re- communities, the State of Maryland, erans. What this is not about, I want to ceptacles for remains buried in Na- and its global partners. make clear, is allowing anyone to pur- tional Parks, and for other purposes. In Maryland, the 1890 Extension Pro- chase a firearm who is prohibited to do S. RES. 168 gram is headquartered at UMES in so under current law or regulations. I At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the Princess Anne, MD and extension pro- want it to be very clear right off the name of the Senator from South Da- gramming at the University focuses on bat so that no one misinterprets this as kota (Mr. THUNE) was added as a co- 4–H STEM; nutrition and health; sea- some effort to let people own firearms sponsor of S. Res. 168, a resolution sup- food technology; small farm outreach; who would normally be prohibited. porting respect for human rights and and small ruminant research. The This legislation is needed because a encouraging inclusive governance in UMES program is targeted to diverse very disturbing trend has occurred in Ethiopia. audiences on the agriculturally impor- the past decade. The Veterans Health S. RES. 361 tant Eastern Shore with special em- Administration has been reporting veterans to the National Instant Criminal At the request of Mr. CORNYN, the phasis on those with limited resources name of the Senator from Missouri to help them improve their quality of Background Check System—the national gun ban list—just because these (Mr. BLUNT) was added as a cosponsor life and to successfully pursue a career of S. Res. 361, a resolution expressing in agriculture. veterans have been determined by the the sense of the Senate that the United Mr. President, current law limits the VA to be veterans who require a fiduciary to administer benefit payments. States Government shall, both unilat- funding amount an 1890 institution This is a pretty simple proposition that erally and alongside the international may carry over in any fiscal year to 20 denies veterans their Second Amend- community, consider all options for ex- percent of the 1890s Extension Program ment rights. It is that simple, as I just erting maximum pressure on the funding received. This prohibition cre- said. A fiduciary’s administering ben- Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ates significant impediments for 1890 efit payments to a veteran could and (DPRK), in order to denuclearize the institutions to carry out their mission does lead to that veteran’s being denied DPRK, protect the lives of United to deliver programs to customers and Second Amendment rights. Once on the States citizens and allies, and prevent clientele and restricts the ability of gun list, a veteran is outlawed from further proliferation of nuclear weap- 1890 institutions to efficiently and ef- owning or possessing firearms. ons. fectively manage their funding. No other USDA/NIFA capacity program It is crucial to note that the regula- f has a similar 20 percent carryover limi- tions that the Veterans Health Admin- STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED tation. By eliminating this 20 percent istration is relying on are from way BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS limitation, via the Carryover Equity back in the 1970s. It predates even the National Instant Criminal Background By Mr. VAN HOLLEN (for him- Act, the 1890s Extension Program will have the same funding flexibility found Check System and is long before the self, Mr. PERDUE, Mr. TILLIS, Supreme Court held the Second Mr. GRAHAM, Mr. BROWN, Mr. in the other major capacity programs administered by NIFA. This bill has Amendment to be a fundamental, con- COONS, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. KAINE, stitutional right. These regulations and Mr. MANCHIN): the strong support of 1890 institution Presidents as well as the Association of grant limited authority to determine S. 2384. A bill to amend the National incompetence only in the context of fi- Agricultural Research, Extension, and Public & Land-Grant Universities. I am pleased to be joined in intro- nancial matters. Teaching Policy Act of 1977 to make The regulation reads like this: ‘‘Rat- funding available to 1890 institutions ducing this bill by Senators PERDUE, BROWN, TILLIS, CARDIN, COONS, GRA- ing agencies have sole authority to without fiscal year limitation; to the HAM, MANCHIN and KAINE who, like me, make official determinations of com- Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, recognize the value 1890 land grant in- petency or incompetency for purposes and Forestry. stitutions bring to the rural commu- of: insurance and . . . disbursement of Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, nities of our States and the research benefits.’’ today I am introducing the Carryover and technical support these institu- There is nothing wrong with that Equity Act of 2018 to eliminate the 20 tions provide to our socially disadvan- language, but it is that language that percent carryover limitation which is taged, and veteran farmer, and rancher leads to the problems that veterans an impediment to flexibility and effec- constituents with limited resources. I have with their Second Amendment tive financial planning of the 1890s Ex- look forward to working together with rights. From this language, it is clear tension Program. The 1890s Extension Senate and House colleagues to see that the core regulatory authority ap- Program is administered by the that this important legislation is in- plies to matters of competency for fi- USDA’s National Institute of Food and cluded in the next Farm Bill. nancial purposes. It has nothing to do Agriculture (NIFA) and is a capacity with regulating who can purchase fire- funding program supporting extension By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself, arms, but that is exactly what is hap- activities at 1890 Land-Grant Univer- Mr. MANCHIN, and Mrs. ERNST): pening. Veterans are losing their Sec- sities. Its intent is to increase and S. 2386. A bill to provide additional ond Amendment rights because they strengthen agricultural sciences at the protections for our veterans; to the have people managing their check- 1890s through the effective integration Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. books. It is that simple. If you cannot of education, research and extension Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I handle your finances, you lose your programs. would like to raise a very important Second Amendment rights.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:55 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.033 S06FEPT1 S654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 Everybody wants to know how this is fering from a mental illness not serious another of Senator DURBIN’s main con- happening. Federal law requires that enough to disqualify them from owning cerns. A simpler bill passed the House before a person is reported to a gun ban a firearm, but certainly many of them of Representatives last year that is list, he be determined to be a ‘‘mental do.’’ similar to the amendment I tried to defective.’’ The Bureau of Alcohol, To- Then Senator DURBIN said, ‘‘Let me offer and that Senator DURBIN objected bacco, Firearms and Explosive created just concede at the outset that report- to in the year 2016. It would, simply, a regulation to define what ‘‘mental ing 174,000 names goes too far, but stop the VA from referring veterans to defective’’ means. It includes, among eliminating 174,000 names goes too the gun ban list without first finding other requirements, that a person is a far.’’ them a danger to self and others. How- danger to self or others. The VA has I am pleased that Senator DURBIN ac- ever, it did not set up any system to taken the position that this Alcohol, knowledged that many of the names make that happen. The argument is Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives reg- supplied by the VA on the gun ban list that this puts veterans using the VA in ulation can then be made to fit within do not pose a danger and should be re- the same boat as everybody else. Of its own preexisting regulatory struc- moved. course, I am sympathetic to that argu- ture for assigning a fiduciary, thus re- I thank his staff for working with my ment, but the legislation I am intro- quiring that name be put on the gun staff during this process. ducing today is a good faith effort to ban list. The essential question then is, How overcome objections that have pre- The intent and purpose between do we go about fixing it the right way? vented action on this important issue these two regulations is entirely dif- I believe my legislation does just in the past. ferent. On the one hand, the VA regula- that. This legislation adds a new step My bill solves a problem that has ex- tion is designed to appoint a fiduciary. before the VA can report names to a isted for many years: denying veterans On the other hand, the ATF regulation gun ban list. The step requires that their Second Amendment rights. Vet- is designed to regulate firearms. That once a fiduciary is assigned, the VA erans should not be subject to a harsh- is a great big, huge distinction. The must first find the veteran to be a dan- er standard than what the government level of mental impairment that justi- ger to self or to the public before tak- is subject to. Veterans deserve full due fies taking away the right to possess ing away his firearm. That is the same process protections when their con- and own firearms must rest at a severe standard that the veteran must satisfy stitutional rights are at stake. That is and substantial level—a level at which currently in order to get his name off the core of this legislation. the mere possession of a firearm would the gun ban list. The regulatory process at the back constitute a danger to self or others. My legislation also provides constitu- end to remove a veteran from the gun That decision is never made by the VA tional due process. Specifically, it ban list is simply moved to the front before submitting names to this gun shifts the burden of proof to the gov- end; that is, the Federal Government ban list. As such, imposing a gun ban is ernment to prove a veteran is dan- must first prove that a veteran is dan- a harsh result that could sweep up vet- gerous before taking away firearms. gerous before taking away firearms. erans who are fully capable of appro- Currently, the entire burden of proof is This is the same standard applied to priately operating a firearm. on the veteran to prove that he or she nonveterans. It gets worse. is not dangerous. When a constitu- This fix will not change existing fire- When veterans are then placed on tional right is involved, the burden arms laws. Felons are still prohibited that gun ban list, they must prove that must always be on the government. from owning firearms. Persons with do- they are not dangerous to the public in My bill also creates an option for the mestic violence convictions are still order to get their names removed from veteran to seek legal redress via an ad- prohibited. Persons adjudicated as that list. That dangerousness standard ministrative board or the Federal court mentally defective are still prohibited. is much higher than the mere assign- system. The veteran is in control. It Persons involuntarily committed are ment of a fiduciary. Thus, veterans are provides an avenue for every veteran still prohibited. If my bill were to be- subjected to a more rigorous and more already on that gun ban list to get his come law, every Federal firearm prohi- demanding evidentiary standard to get name removed. That last point is im- bition would still exist. their names off the gun ban list than portant to note. Again, the core of my bill simply re- the Federal Government must prove to My bill does not automatically requires the Federal Government to put their names on that list. We ought move every veteran from the list, prove that a veteran is dangerous be- to all agree that is patently unfair. I which was a concern Senator DURBIN fore taking away his or her firearms. also believe that it is unconstitutional. raised previously when we debated this That is the same standard our veterans When dealing with a fundamental, con- issue. It does require the VA to provide must live by currently in order to re- stitutional right like the one protected notice to every veteran on the list of move their name from the gun ban list by the Second Amendment, at the very his right to go through the new process and get their guns back. minimum, the government ought to be to have his name removed. Should a If we, the people, have to live under held to the same standard as we the veteran choose to do that, the protec- that standard, then, so should our Fed- people. tions, the process, the procedure, and eral Government. We owe it to our veterans to fix this the standards set forth in my bill f problem. As of December 31, 2016, the would then apply to him. Every vet- Veterans Health Administration re- eran is free to apply for relief, and SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS ported 167,815 veterans to the gun ban every veteran will be treated equally list for having been assigned a fidu- under my bill. Of course, that is the SENATE RESOLUTION 392—COM- ciary. That is 167,815 out of 171,083 or fair thing to do. That is the constitu- MEMORATING THE SUCCESS OF another way of saying it is 98 percent tionally sound way to manage this THE UNITED STATES OLYMPIC of all names reported. process. It is important to note that since the The bill does provide authority for AND PARALYMPIC TEAMS IN VA reports names to the gun ban list the government to seek an emergency THE PAST 23 OLYMPIC WINTER merely when a fiduciary is assigned to order if it believes a veteran is a seri- GAMES AND 11 PARALYMPIC that veteran, not one of those names ous and imminent risk to self or to WINTER GAMES AND SUP- has been reported because a veteran others. That was a suggestion by Sen- PORTING THE UNITED STATES OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC has been deemed to be a public danger. ator DURBIN—to provide for a short- Accordingly, not all veterans reported term safety mechanism when the situa- TEAMS IN THE 2018 OLYMPIC to the gun ban list should be on it. tion is too urgent to wait for a judge to WINTER GAMES AND On May 18, 2016, I debated this very evaluate all of the facts. PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES issue on the Senate floor with Senator The bill also retains a mechanism for Ms. KLOBUCHAR (for herself, Mr. DURBIN. He said, ‘‘I do not dispute what the VA to systematically refer vet- HATCH, Mr. BENNET, Mr. ISAKSON, and the Senator from Iowa suggested, that erans to the National Instant Criminal Mr. THUNE) submitted the following some of these veterans may be suf- Background Check System. This was resolution; which was referred to the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:55 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G06FE6.028 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S655 Committee on Commerce, Science, and COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS: Mr. (1) encourages positive youth development Transportation: Menendez, Mr. Cardin, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. and smart daily behaviors such as finishing Coons, Mr. Udall, Mr. Murphy, Mr. Kaine, homework and having healthy social inter- S. RES. 392 Mr. Markey, Mr. Merkley, Mr. Booker. actions; and Whereas, for more than 100 years, the COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS AND ENTRE- (2) has a positive impact on the growth and Olympic and Paralympic movements have PRENEURSHIP: Mr. Cardin, Ms. Cantwell, Mrs. success of a young person; built a more peaceful and better world by— Shaheen, Ms. Heitkamp, Mr. Markey, Mr. Whereas mentors help young people set ca- (1) educating young people through ama- Booker, Mr. Coons, Ms. Hirono, Ms. reer goals and use the personal contacts of teur athletics; Duckworth. the mentors to help young people meet in- (2) bringing together athletes from many dustry professionals and train for and find countries in friendly competition; and f jobs; (3) forging new relationships among ath- SENATE RESOLUTION 394—RECOG- Whereas each of the benefits of mentors de- letes bound by friendship, solidarity, and fair NIZING JANUARY 2018 AS NA- scribed in this preamble serve to link youth play; to economic and social opportunity while Whereas the 2018 Olympic Winter Games TIONAL MENTORING MONTH also strengthening communities in the will take place in PyeongChang, South Mr. ISAKSON (for himself, Mr. United States; and Korea, from February 9 to February 25, 2018; WHITEHOUSE, Mr. BOOKER, Mr. BROWN, Whereas, despite those described benefits, Whereas the 2018 Paralympic Winter Mrs. CAPITO, Mr. CASSIDY, Mr. CORNYN, 9,000,000 young people in the United States Games will take place in PyeongChang, feel isolated from meaningful connections Mr. DURBIN, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, Mr. South Korea, from March 9 to March 18, 2018; with adults outside the home, constituting a Whereas at the 2018 Olympic Winter WYDEN, and Mr. PETERS) submitted the ‘‘mentoring gap’’ that demonstrates a need Games, 90 nations will compete in 7 sports, following resolution; which was consid- for collaboration and resources: Now, there- and the United States Olympic and ered and agreed to: fore, be it Paralympic Teams (referred to in this pre- S. RES. 394 Resolved, That the Senate— amble as ‘‘Team USA’’) will compete in all 7 (1) recognizes January 2018 as National Whereas the goals of National Mentoring sports; Mentoring Month; Month are— Whereas at the 2018 Paralympic Winter (2) recognizes the caring adults who— (1) to raise awareness of mentoring; Games, approximately 45 nations will com- (A) serve as staff and volunteers at quality (2) to recruit individuals to mentor; pete in 5 sports, and Team USA will compete mentoring programs; and (3) to celebrate the powerful impact of carin all 5 sports; (B) help the young people of the United ing adults who volunteer time for the benefit Whereas Team USA has won 96 gold med- States find inner strength and reach their of young people; and als, 102 silver medals, and 84 bronze medals, full potential; (4) to encourage organizations to engage totaling 282 medals, during the past 23 Olym- (3) acknowledges that mentoring is bene- and integrate quality in mentoring into the pic Winter Games; ficial because mentoring supports edu- efforts of the organizations; Whereas Team USA has won 98 gold med- cational achievement and self-confidence, re- Whereas young people across the United als, 104 silver medals, and 77 bronze medals, duces juvenile delinquency, improves life States make everyday choices that lead to totaling 279 medals, during the past 11 outcomes, and strengthens communities; the big decisions in life without the guidance Paralympic Winter Games; (4) promotes the establishment and expan- and support on which many other people Whereas the people of the United States sion of quality mentoring programs across rely; stand united in respect and admiration for the United States to equip young people with Whereas a mentor is a caring, consistent the members of Team USA and the athletic the tools needed to lead healthy and produc- presence who devotes time to a young person accomplishments, sportsmanship, and dedi- tive lives; and to help that young person— cation to excellence of Team USA; (5) supports initiatives to close the ‘‘men- (1) discover personal strength; and Whereas the many accomplishments of toring gap’’ that exists for the many young (2) achieve the potential of that young per- Team USA would not have been possible people in the United States who do not have son through a structured and trusting rela- without the hard work and dedication of meaningful connections with adults outside tionship; many individuals, including— the home. Whereas quality mentoring— (1) individuals on the United States Olym- (1) encourages positive choices; f pic Committee; and (2) promotes self-esteem; (2) the many administrators, coaches, and AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND (3) supports academic achievement; and family members who provide critical support PROPOSED (4) introduces young people to new ideas; to the athletes of Team USA; Whereas mentoring programs have shown SA 1922. Mr. MCCONNELL proposed an Whereas the United States takes great to be effective in helping young people make amendment to the bill H.R. 695, to amend the pride in the athletes of Team USA exhibiting positive choices; National Child Protection Act of 1993 to es- a commitment to excellence, grace under Whereas young people who meet regularly tablish a voluntary national criminal his- pressure, and good will toward other com- with mentors are 46 percent less likely than tory background check system and criminal petitors; and peers to start using illegal drugs; history review program for certain individ- Whereas the Olympic and Paralympic Whereas research shows that young people uals who, related to their employment, have Movements celebrate competition, fair play, who were at risk for not completing high access to children, the elderly, or individuals and the pursuit of dreams: Now, therefore, be school but who had a mentor were, as com- with disabilities, and for other purposes. it pared with similarly situated young people SA 1923. Mr. MCCONNELL proposed an Resolved, That the Senate— without a mentor— amendment to amendment SA 1922 proposed (1) applauds the athletes and coaches of the (1) 55 percent more likely to be enrolled in by Mr. MCCONNELL to the bill H.R. 695, supra. United States Olympic and Paralympic college; SA 1924. Mr. MCCONNELL proposed an Teams (referred to in this resolving clause as (2) 81 percent more likely to report partici- amendment to amendment SA 1923 proposed ‘‘Team USA’’) and the families who support pating regularly in sports or extracurricular by Mr. MCCONNELL to the amendment SA them; activities; 1922 proposed by Mr. MCCONNELL to the bill (2) supports the athletes of Team USA in (3) more than twice as likely to say they H.R. 695, supra. competing at the 2018 Olympic Winter Games SA 1925. Mr. HELLER submitted an held a leadership position in a club or sports and Paralympic Winter Games in amendment intended to be proposed by him team; and PyeongChang, South Korea; and to the bill H.R. 695, supra; which was ordered (4) 78 percent more likely to pay it forward (3) supports the goals and ideals of the to lie on the table. by volunteering regularly in the commu- Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games. nities of young people; f f Whereas 90 percent of young people who TEXT OF AMENDMENTS SENATE RESOLUTION 393—MAKING were at risk for not completing high school but who had a mentor said they are now in- SA 1922. Mr. MCCONNELL proposed MINORITY APPOINTMENTS FOR terested in becoming mentors themselves; an amendment to the bill H.R. 695, to THE 115TH CONGRESS Whereas mentoring can play a role in help- amend the National Child Protection Mr. SCHUMER submitted the fol- ing young people attend school regularly, as Act of 1993 to establish a voluntary na- lowing resolution; which was consid- research shows that students who meet regu- tional criminal history background ered and agreed to: larly with a mentor are, as compared with check system and criminal history re- the peers of those students— view program for certain individuals S. RES. 393 (1) 52 percent less likely to skip a full day Resolved, That the following be the minor- of school; and who, related to their employment, have ity membership on the following committees (2) 37 percent less likely to skip a class; access to children, the elderly, or indi- for the remainder of the 115th Congress, or Whereas youth development experts agree viduals with disabilities, and for other until their successors are appointed: that mentoring— purposes; as follows:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:19 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.034 S06FEPT1 S656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 At the end add the following. propriated or otherwise made available from ate, the following committees are au- ‘‘This Act shall take effect 1 day after the the United States Treasury for the pay of thorized to meet during today’s session date of enactment.’’ any Member of Congress during any period of the Senate: determined by the Chairpersons of the Com- COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES SA 1923. Mr. MCCONNELL proposed mittee on the Budget and the Committee on an amendment to amendment SA 1922 Appropriations of the Senate or the Chair- The Committee on Armed Services is proposed by Mr. MCCONNELL to the bill persons of the Committee on the Budget and authorized to meet during the session H.R. 695, to amend the National Child the Committee on Appropriations of the of the Senate on Tuesday, February 6, Protection Act of 1993 to establish a House of Representatives under section 2018, at 2:30 p.m., to conduct a closed voluntary national criminal history lll05. hearing. (b) NO RETROACTIVE PAY.—A Member of COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING AND URBAN background check system and criminal Congress may not receive pay for any period history review program for certain in- AFFAIRS determined by the Chairpersons of the Com- The Committee on Banking, Housing dividuals who, related to their employ- mittee on the Budget and the Committee on and Urban Affairs is authorized to ment, have access to children, the el- Appropriations of the Senate or the Chair- derly, or individuals with disabilities, persons of the Committee on the Budget and meet during the session of the Senate on Tuesday, February 6, 2018, at 10 and for other purposes; as follows: the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives under section a.m., to conduct a hearing entitled Strike ‘‘1 day’’ and insert ‘‘2 days’’ lll05, at any time after the end of that pe- ‘‘Virtual Currencies: The Oversight riod. SA 1924. Mr. MCCONNELL proposed Role of the U.S. Securities and Ex- an amendment to amendment SA 1923 SEC. lll05. DETERMINATIONS. change Commission and the U.S. Com- (a) SENATE.— proposed by Mr. MCCONNELL to the modity and Futures Trading Commis- (1) REQUEST FOR CERTIFICATIONS.—On Octo- sion.’’ amendment SA 1922 proposed by Mr. ber 1 of each year, the Secretary of the Sen- COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL MCCONNELL to the bill H.R. 695, to ate shall submit a request to the Chair- RESOURCES amend the National Child Protection persons of the Committee on the Budget and Act of 1993 to establish a voluntary na- the Committee on Appropriations of the Sen- The Committee on Energy and Nat- tional criminal history background ate for certification of determinations made ural Resources is authorized to meet check system and criminal history re- under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of para- during the session of the Senate on view program for certain individuals graph (2). Tuesday, February 6, 2018, at 10 a.m., to who, related to their employment, have (2) DETERMINATIONS.—The Chairpersons of conduct a hearing on bills S. 2182, Bi- the Committee on the Budget and the Com- kini Resettlement and Relocation Act access to children, the elderly, or indi- mittee on Appropriations of the Senate viduals with disabilities, and for other and S. 2325, Northern Mariana Island shall— and U.S. Workforce Act. purposes; as follows: (A) on October 1 of each year, make a de- COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Strike ‘‘2’’ and insert ‘‘3’’ termination of whether Congress is in com- pliance with section lll03 and whether The Committee on Foreign Relations SA 1925. Mr. HELLER submitted an Senators may not be paid under that section; is authorized to meet during the ses- amendment intended to be proposed by (B) determine the period of days following sion of the Senate on Tuesday, Feb- him to the bill H.R. 695, to amend the each October 1 that Senators may not be ruary 6, at 10 a.m., to conduct a hear- National Child Protection Act of 1993 paid under section lll03; and ing entitled ‘‘The Administration’s (C) provide timely certification of the de- South Asia Strategy on Afghanistan.’’ to establish a voluntary national terminations under subparagraphs (A) and criminal history background check (B) upon the request of the Secretary of the COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, system and criminal history review Senate. AND PENSIONS program for certain individuals who, (b) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.— The Committee on Health, Edu- related to their employment, have ac- (1) REQUEST FOR CERTIFICATIONS.—On Octo- cation, Labor, and Pensions is author- cess to children, the elderly, or individ- ber 1 of each year, the Chief Administrative ized to meet during the session of the uals with disabilities, and for other Officer of the House of Representatives shall Senate on Tuesday, February 6, 2018, at purposes; which was ordered to lie on submit a request to the Chairpersons of the 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing entitled Committee on the Budget and the Com- ‘‘Reauthorizing the Higher Education the table; as follows: mittee on Appropriations of the House of At the appropriate place, insert the fol- Representatives for certification of deter- Act: Access and Innovation.’’ lowing: minations made under subparagraphs (A) and COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY TITLE ll—NO BUDGET, NO PAY (B) of paragraph (2). The Committee on the Judiciary is SEC. lll01. SHORT TITLE. (2) DETERMINATIONS.—The Chairpersons of authorized to meet during the session This title may be cited as the ‘‘No Budget, the Committee on the Budget and the Com- of the Senate on Tuesday, February 6, No Pay Act’’. mittee on Appropriations of the House of 2018, at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing Representatives shall— SEC. lll02. DEFINITION. entitled ‘‘Beneficial Ownership: Fight- (A) on October 1 of each year, make a de- In this title, the term ‘‘Member of Con- ing Illicit International Financial Net- termination of whether Congress is in com- gress’’— pliance with section 03 and whether works Through Transparency.’’ (1) has the meaning given the term under lll Members of the House of Representatives SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE section 2106 of title 5, United States Code; may not be paid under that section; The Select Committee on Intel- and (B) determine the period of days following (2) does not include the Vice President. ligence is authorized to meet during each October 1 that Members of the House of the session of the Senate on Tuesday, SEC. lll03. TIMELY APPROVAL OF CONCUR- Representatives may not be paid under sec- RENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET February 6, 2018, at 2:30 p.m., to con- AND THE APPROPRIATIONS BILLS. tion lll03; and duct a closed hearing. (C) provide timely certification of the de- If both Houses of Congress have not ap- COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND terminations under subparagraphs (A) and proved a concurrent resolution on the budget TRANSPORTATION as described under section 301 of the Congres- (B) upon the request of the Chief Administra- tive Officer of the House of Representatives. The Committee on Commerce, sional Budget and Impoundment Control Act Science, and Transportation is author- of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 632) for a fiscal year before SEC. lll06. EFFECTIVE DATE. October 1 of that fiscal year and have not This title shall take effect on February 1, ized to meet during the session of the passed all the regular appropriations bills for 2019. Senate on Tuesday, February 6, 2018, at the next fiscal year before October 1 of that f 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing entitled fiscal year, the pay of each Member of Con- ‘‘One Year Later: The American Inno- gress may not be paid for each day following AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO vation and Competitiveness Act.’’ MEET that October 1 until the date on which both SUBCOMMITTEE ON CONSUMER PROTECTION, Houses of Congress approve a concurrent res- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I PRODUCT SAFETY, INSURANCE, AND DATA SE- olution on the budget for that fiscal year and have 10 requests for committees to CURITY all the regular appropriations bills. meet during today’s session of the Sen- The Subcommittee on Consumer Pro- SEC. lll04. NO PAY WITHOUT CONCURRENT ate. They have the approval of the Ma- tection, Product Safety, Insurance, and RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET AND THE APPROPRIATIONS BILLS. jority and Minority leaders. Data Security of the Committee on (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any Pursuant to rule XXVI, paragraph Commerce, Science, and Transpor- other provision of law, no funds may be ap- 5(a), of the Standing Rules of the Sen- tation is authorized to meet during the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:20 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.040 S06FEPT1 February 6, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S657 session of the Senate on Tuesday, Feb- A resolution (S. Res. 394) recognizing Janu- COTICS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AFFAIRS), VICE WIL- LIAM R. BROWNFIELD, RETIRED. ruary 6, 2018, at 3 p.m., to conduct a ary 2018 as National Mentoring Month. INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK hearing entitled ‘‘Data Security and There being no objection, the Senate ELIOT PEDROSA, OF FLORIDA, TO BE UNITED STATES Bug Bounty Programs: Lessons proceeded to consider the resolution. ALTERNATE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE INTER-AMER- Learned from the Uber Breach and Se- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I ICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, VICE JAN E. BOYER, RE- curity Researchers.’’ ask unanimous consent that the reso- SIGNED. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY SUBCOMMITTEE ON PRIMARY HEALTH AND lution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, and the motions to recon- CHARLES E. COOK III, OF MARYLAND, TO BE CHIEF FI- RETIREMENT SECURITY NANCIAL OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECU- The Subcommittee on Primary sider be considered made and laid upon RITY, VICE CHARLES H. FULGHUM. Health and Retirement Security of the the table with no intervening action or THE JUDICIARY Committee on Health, Education, debate. KELLY HIGASHI, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, TO Labor, and Pensions is authorized to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without BE AN ASSOCIATE JUDGE OF THE SUPERIOR COURT OF objection, it is so ordered. THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR THE TERM OF FIFTEEN meet during the session of the Senate YEARS, VICE THOMAS J. MOTLEY, RETIRED. The resolution (S. Res. 394) was on Tuesday, February 6, 2018, at 2:30 SHANA FROST MATINI, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, agreed to. TO BE AN ASSOCIATE JUDGE OF THE SUPERIOR COURT p.m., to conduct a hearing entitled OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR THE TERM OF FIF- The preamble was agreed to. TEEN YEARS, VICE ZOE BUSH, RETIRED. ‘‘Exploring the ‘Gig Economy’ and the (The resolution, with its preamble, is Future of Retirement Savings.’’ OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL printed in today’s RECORD under ‘‘Sub- INTELLIGENCE SUBCOMMITTEE ON FEDERAL SPENDING mitted Resolutions.’’) WILLIAM R. EVANINA, OF PENNSYLVANIA, TO BE DI- OVERSIGHT AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT f RECTOR OF THE NATIONAL COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND The Subcommittee on Federal Spend- SECURITY CENTER. (NEW POSITION) ing Oversight and Emergency Manage- ORDERS FOR WEDNESDAY, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ment of the Committee on Homeland FEBRUARY 7, 2018 PATRICK HOVAKIMIAN, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE A MEM- Security and Governmental Affairs is C BER OF THE FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMIS- Mr. M CONNELL. Mr. President, I SION OF THE UNITED STATES FOR A TERM EXPIRING authorized to meet during the session ask unanimous consent that when the SEPTEMBER 30, 2020, VICE ANUJ CHANG DESAI, TERM EX- of the Senate on Tuesday, February 6, Senate completes its business today, it PIRED. 2018, at 2:30 p.m., to conduct a hearing adjourn until 11:30 a.m. on Wednesday, IN THE AIR FORCE entitled ‘‘Terrible, No Good, Very Bad February 7; further, that following the THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- Ways of Funding Government: Explor- prayer and pledge, the morning hour be CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: ing the Cost to Taxpayers of Spending deemed expired, the Journal of pro- To be major general Uncertainty Cause by Governing ceedings be approved to date, and the BRIG. GEN. JOHN J. DEGOES through Continuing Resolutions, Giant time for the two leaders be reserved for BRIG. GEN. ROBERT I. MILLER Omnibus Spending Bills, and Shutdown their use later in the day; finally, that BRIG. GEN. LEE E. PAYNE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT Crises.’’ following leader remarks, the Senate IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- f resume consideration of the House CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: message to accompany H.R. 695. To be major general MAKING MINORITY PARTY AP- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without BRIG. GEN. VINCENT K. BECKLUND POINTMENTS FOR THE 115TH objection, it is so ordered. BRIG. GEN. CHARLES S. CORCORAN CONGRESS BRIG. GEN. BARRY R. CORNISH f BRIG. GEN. CHRISTOPHER E. CRAIGE Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I BRIG. GEN. ANDREW A. CROFT ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 11:30 A.M. BRIG. GEN. ALLAN E. DAY ask unanimous consent that the Sen- TOMORROW BRIG. GEN. ERIC T. FICK ate proceed to the immediate consider- BRIG. GEN. CHAD P. FRANKS C BRIG. GEN. JOHN R. GORDY II ation of S. Res. 393, submitted earlier Mr. M CONNELL. Mr. President, if BRIG. GEN. GREGORY M. GUILLOT there is no further business to come be- BRIG. GEN. STACEY T. HAWKINS today. BRIG. GEN. CAMERON G. HOLT The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fore the Senate, I ask unanimous con- BRIG. GEN. KEVIN A. HUYCK sent that it stand adjourned under the BRIG. GEN. DAVID J. JULAZADEH clerk will report the resolution by BRIG. GEN. KEVIN B. KENNEDY title. previous order. BRIG. GEN. KYLE J. KREMER The senior assistant legislative clerk There being no objection, the Senate, BRIG. GEN. PETER J. LAMBERT at 6:55 p.m., adjourned until Wednes- BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM J. LIQUORI, JR. read as follows: BRIG. GEN. RANDALL REED day, February 7, 2018, at 11:30 a.m. BRIG. GEN. LENNY J. RICHOUX A resolution (S. Res. 393) making minority BRIG. GEN. CARL E. SCHAEFER party appointments for the 115th Congress. f BRIG. GEN. JOHN E. SHAW BRIG. GEN. BRAD M. SULLIVAN There being no objection, the Senate NOMINATIONS BRIG. GEN. STEPHEN C. WILLIAMS proceeded to consider the resolution. Executive nominations received by IN THE ARMY Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I the Senate on February 5, 2018: THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF further ask unanimous consent that DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE THE UNITED STATES OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED the resolution be agreed to and the mo- JOHN E. WHITLEY, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE AN ASSISTANT UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: tion to reconsider be considered made SECRETARY OF THE ARMY, VICE ROBERT M. SPEER. To be major general DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN and laid upon the table with no inter- BRIG. GEN. JEFFREY P. KRAMER DEVELOPMENT vening action or debate. IN THE NAVY The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without SETH DANIEL APPLETON, OF MISSOURI, TO BE AN AS- SISTANT SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVEL- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT objection, it is so ordered. OPMENT, VICE KATHERINE M. O’REGAN. IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED The resolution (S. Res. 393) was WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON AIRPORTS RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: agreed to. AUTHORITY To be vice admiral (The resolution is printed in today’s ALAN E. COBB, OF KANSAS, TO BE A MEMBER OF THE REAR ADM. (LH) GORDON D. PETERS RECORD under ‘‘Submitted Resolu- BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE METROPOLITAN WASH- INGTON AIRPORTS AUTHORITY FOR A TERM EXPIRING THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT tions.’’) NOVEMBER 22, 2023, VICE WILLIAM SHAW MCDERMOTT, IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED TERM EXPIRED. WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND f RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: AMTRAK BOARD OF DIRECTORS NATIONAL MENTORING MONTH To be vice admiral JOSEPH RYAN GRUTERS, OF FLORIDA, TO BE A DIREC- REAR ADM. BRIAN B. BROWN Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I TOR OF THE AMTRAK BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS, VICE ALBERT DICLEMENTE, TERM EX- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ask unanimous consent that the Sen- PIRED. IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED ate proceed to the consideration of S. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: Res. 394, submitted earlier today. JOHN L. RYDER, OF TENNESSEE, TO BE A MEMBER OF To be vice admiral The PRESIDING OFFICER. The THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY FOR A TERM EXPIRING MAY 18, 2021, VICE MI- REAR ADM. RICHARD P. SNYDER clerk will report the resolution by CHAEL MCWHERTER, TERM EXPIRED. IN THE MARINE CORPS title. DEPARTMENT OF STATE The senior assistant legislative clerk THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT KIRSTEN DAWN MADISON, OF FLORIDA, TO BE AN AS- IN THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS TO THE GRADE read as follows: SISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE (INTERNATIONAL NAR- INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:19 Feb 07, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 9801 E:\CR\FM\A06FE6.044 S06FEPT1 S658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 6, 2018 To be major general JOSEPH T. BOOS ANTHONY D. GEORGE JOHN R. BORMAN TONJESIA N. GILCHRIST BRIG. GEN. JAMES W. BIERMAN, JR. RYAN D. BOWEN STANLEY J. GILLENS, JR. BRIG. GEN. NORMAN L. COOLING SEAN J. BOWEN ROSHONDA F. GILMORE BRIG. GEN. DAVID J. FURNESS JOSEPH M. BOWER BRIAN M. GIROUX BRIG. GEN. JOHN M. JANSEN MARIO J. BOWERS LANAKIA S. GLOVER BRIG. GEN. MICHAEL E. LANGLEY BRIAN J. BOYD WILLIAM G. GOETZ BRIG. GEN. DAVID A. OTTIGNON CORNELIA BOYD RAMON L. GOMEZDAVILA BRIG. GEN. THOMAS D. WEIDLEY BRANDON N. BRADFORD WESTON B. GOODRICH RYAN J. BREAUX BRIAN L. GRADDY, JR. IN THE AIR FORCE VIVIA M. BROWNCORMIER ERIC A. GRAVES JENNETTE D. BROWN MICHELE GREENE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JONATHAN E. BROWN SHANE P. GREGORY TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR MELISSA J. BROWN WILSON L. GRIFFIN FORCE AND AS PERMANENT PROFESSOR AT THE UNITED ROLONA D. BROWN GEOFFREY R. GUINNUP STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., CHRISTOPHER E. BRUNNER EDWARD R. HALINSKI III SECTIONS 9333(B) AND 9336(A): TOMMIE C. BRYANT LATOYA C. HALL To be colonel VINH Q. BUI LUKE J. HALLSTEN JAMES R. BURDS DAVID G. HAMILTON DAVID J. CASWELL SHARJUAN P. BURGOS WAYNE D. HANCOCK THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT PETER K. BURKHART DAVID J. HANNA IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR DONYELLE V. BURNEY MICHAEL F. HANNA FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: JACKQUELINE Y. BURNS BENJAMIN F. HARDY RONNIE L. BUSH ALEXYS M. HARE To be colonel RICHARD S. BUTTON II RICHELLE A. HARE PABLO CABANILLAS III JONATHAN D. HARMELING BRUCE P. HESELTINE, JR. ETHAN B. CALDWELL BRANDON D. HARRIS THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR APPOINT- JANICE M. CAMARILLO JOHN A. HARRISON MENT TO THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR SAMUEL D. CAMPBELL DANIEL P. HARTLESS FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: CLAYTON J. CANNON, JR. CARL P. HARTMAN ANGEL L. CARABALLO, JR. KRISTAN J. HAVARD To be lieutenant colonel JERRIE CARDENAS SHAYNE D. HEAP GRANT L. CARTER JAMES C. HEIGHT MICHAEL T. CAIN THOMAS CARTER, JR. BRENT M. HELLER To be major WILLIAM R. CASTILLA JONATHAN A. HENRY CHARLES A. CASTILLO ASHTON P. HERBERT ILDA Y. ISAZA PHILIP L. CERAMI DAVID HERNANDEZ THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JAMES L. CHANEY FREDERICK D. HERSEY IN THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR FORCE DAVID E. CHAPMAN JAMIE L. HICKMAN UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: KURT A. CHAPMAN SINDIE L. HICKS ALAN R. CHARTIER WILLIAM J. HOFFER To be lieutenant colonel ALEXANDER CHIANG JAMES E. HOLMAN NICHOLAS W. CIMLER PARIS C. HOLMAN KERRY L. HIRZEL BENJAMIN L. CLAPP JUSTIN E. HOSKINS To be major JENNIFER A. CLARKE BENJAMIN D. HOWARD SAMUEL P. CLARKE MATTHEW L. HOWARD JASON R. BARKER MARIO D. CLAYTOR KYLE G. HUDALLA JOSHUA S. TRICE LOUELLA CLEVELAND STEPHEN W. HUGHES THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR APPOINT- TAMARROW CLIMES TIMOTHY S. HUGHES MENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR JOHN M. CLOSE JEFFREY D. HUNT FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: CHRISTINE R. COGGIANO JEREMY M. HUNTER ERIC G. COLLIER BONNIE M. HUTCHINSON To be major DEVON C. COLLINS HWAN S. HWANG MARK E. COLLINS PATRICE L. INGRAM MIGUEL J. MORALES NATHAN P. COLLINS MARY V. ISKANDAROV THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT EDUARDO COLON ASHLEY E. JACKSON IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR FORCE ALDEBERT A. CONCEPCION TANIA D. JACKSON UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 716: RAMON L. CORTESNEGRON DANA A. JACOBS ALEXANDRA T. CROMIE JONATHAN JAGATNARAIN To be major GARY A. CROSTON ROBERT D. JAMES JULIE A. BOWMAN JOY D. CROWDER ANTHONY J. JANESE SEAN M. SUNDEY ADENIRAN O. DAIRO HEATHER L. JANTSCH LARRIN S. WAMPLER SCOTT R. DANIELS JOHNNIE T. JEFFERSON RENATO DAPAT KATHRYN R. JENSEN IN THE ARMY JAMES D. DARDEN JOSE A. JIMENEZ KENNETH C. DAVIS, JR. FRANK F. JOAQUIN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MICHAEL T. DAVIS ALBERT JOHNSON, JR. TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY SARAH N. DAVIS BRIAN M. JOHNSON UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: BRIDGET I. DAY JEFFREY C. JOHNSON To be major JASON M. DAY JOHANNA M. JOHNSON WILLIAM J. DAY MATTHEW J. JOHNSON RACHEL L. ADAIR DEXTER J. DEAN SCOTT G. JOHNSON BRIAN A. ALBERTS EARL C. DEAN, JR. RYAN A. JOKERST MICHAEL W. ALBERTSON WILLIAM R. DEAN AMBER R. JONES ANDRENE A. ALEXANDER RACHEL L. DEATON GERONIA L. JONES MARK A. ALFERS SHANNON M. DELAHOY JASON W. JONES GREGORY W. ALLEN RYLIE J. DELONG KIANA L. JONES SADAT ALLHASSAN LILIANE DELVA SARAH E. JONES MICHAEL D. ANDERSEN JASON W. DENCE EVERETT A. JOYNER II ALLISON M. ANDERSON JONATHAN M. DENTON ANDREA K. KAMAN CHRISTOPHER J. ANDERSON CRAIG A. DEVITO ADRIANA M. KARMANN LEONARD L. ANDREWS, JR. MURIEL A. DIAZ CHRISTOPHER C. KARR JULIANNE R. APODACA RION A. DILLARD CHRISTOPHER Q. KEARNEY CHARLIE ARELLANO JEREMY R. DIXON STEVEN T. KEISTER BASHIRU ASIGIRI NICHOLAS G. DOMS WALTER W. KIELBUS CHINYERE ASOH RYAN T. DONALDSON KANE K. KIM BRANDON L. AUSTIN LEUTH DOUANGPRACHANH YO H. KIM JACOB E. AUSTIN KEITH A. DOUGLAS YOUNG K. KIM VINCENT P. AUSTIN STEPHEN R. DRAHEIM JON M. KING LAWRENCE B. AVILA AARON J. DRAPER MARGAREE A. KING NIVIA AYALA CHARLES D. DUNLEVY TRENIESE L. KIRKLEN JACQUELINE M. AYALAVALE RICHARD D. DWYER NATHAN A. KLEIN JACOB A. BAGWELL JOHN P. DZWONCZYK TERRANCE D. KNIGHT CORY G. BAKER WAI W. ELLISON BRIAN K. KNOTTS MASTIE A. BAKER MATTHEW J. EVON ANNA H. KO RONALD C. BAKER DANIEL P. FERENCZY JAMES KO R. Q. BANIS BRIAN G. FERGUSON TIFFANY P. KOCH ERWIN O. BARRERA CHRISTOPHER L. FIELDS CHASE N. KOCHKODIN SARAH A. BARRON JEROME A. FIGGS SHANE A. KOHTZ LAURA K. BEACH THEODORE J. FLESTADO JACOB S. KONKOL MICHAEL D. BEAGLE JAMES A. FOLWELL JOSHUA M. KREVY JUSTIN R. BECKER JANELLE M. FORDE JEFFREY A. KROMM, JR. THOMAS C. BEECROFT AMANDA L. FOSTER PAUL E. KUNNAS MORGAN L. BELAK CHRISTOPHER P. FOWLER LELAND C. LABBE MARK A. BELLE WILLIAM L. FRIEDLINE DUSTIN P. LADUKE QUENTIN F. BENJAMIN SUSAN D. FUCHS JOHN E. LAIRD TRAVIS M. BETTINGER RYAN J. FUESTING KEVIN M. LANDRETH THOMAS A. BEUSCHEL, JR. WILLIAM C. FURNISS CHRISTINA J. LAWSON NATHELYN S. BLAKE JOSEPH W. FYFE ASHLEY S. LEACH THOMAS H. BLOOMER TOMMY GAITHER III LUKE W. LEININGER THOMAS J. BOEHM SABRINA L. GAMMAGE THOMAS S. LEITER MATTHEW D. BOERSEMA TERRILL GANT ANDRES LEON GERALD P. BOLDEN, JR. MIRACLE GARCIA STEPHEN J. LESTER ADAM M. BOLLIGER CHERELLE F. GARNER GREGORY K. LEWIS EDWARD W. BONCEK JERRY J. GARNER REGINA A. LEWIS JUSTIN T. BOND ANDREW G. GEBERT SAMUEL X. LEWIS LAKIA S. BOOKER HILARY GENEVISH VINCENT L. LEWIS

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EDUARDO LIBEDAVILES AMBER J. RUCKER THADDEUS WILSON JERRY J. LINDSEY JEFFREY M. RUDDERFORTH CHRISTOPHER J. WIMSATT JACK LINGLE, JR. KAREN V. RUFFNORTHEY RICHARD A. WINKELS PAMISHA S. LITTLE AMY A. RUPERT SAMBRIDDHI WINKLER LANEA J. LIVINGSTON CHRISTOPHER J. SAAGER PAUL L. WOLFE III RICHARD M. LOFTHOUSE JUSTINE A. SACCO JOSHUA A. WOODKE CORAL R. LORE JEFFREY S. SALEM GWYNN M. WORKMASTER LARRY Q. LOWRANCE MITCHELL L. SALTER ROBERT R. YAUGER JUSTIN D. LUCAS FERDINAND G. SANCHEZ ZACHARY P. YOKLIC JASON J. LYNCH BRYAN R. SAND JUDY M. YOO MATTHEW B. MACE CHRISTOPHER W. SANDERS ALEXI ZAYAS BRIAN E. MACKLIN CARLOS M. SANFORD BLAKE C. ZENTENO ROBERT B. MAKUCH RICHARD M. SANTANA CHRISTOPHER J. ZIMMER SAMUEL W. MALONE MEGAN E. SCAVEZZE SEAN C. ZION DEREK D. MAPP ROBERT A. SCHNABEL BRIAN W. ZORGER ROBERT M. MARTIN JUNG Y. SCHORR D012719 MICHAEL V. MASON ALICIA D. SCOTT D013066 ANTHONY L. MATHIS CHAD P. SCOTT D013545 ANDREA D. MATTHIEW NALEYA K. SCOTT D014124 FREDERICK C. MAYFIELD II JESSE SCRIVENS II THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MICHAEL A. MCCRORY, JR. JASON M. SCUDAMORE TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY REUBEN B. MCCURDY MATTERSON SEBASTIAN UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MATTHEW K. MCDANIEL NATHANIEL K. SEBREN ERIC V. MCDONALD PATRICK R. SERNETT To be major WILLIAM S. MCGILL ENJOY U. SHAMSHIDOV ROSE ABIDO PONNICATERRAL MCKENZIE THOMAS N. SHANAHAN JARVIS D. ADAMS SHAWN T. MCMICKLE STEFANIE D. SHEFCHECK KIMBERLY J. BATTSMILLAUDON DANIEL C. MEADOWS VICTOR SHEN NORMAN W. BLACK ARIEL MEDINA JONATHAN P. SHEPHERD DONNIE R. BRADFORD EDWIN B. MELENDEZMARTINEZ MARK C. SHOAF JONATHAN A. BRAECKEL BRYAN J. METCALF STEVEN J. SICKLES JOHN H. CHAMBERLIN TRAVIS J. MICHELENA GREGORY T. SIEVERS DANIEL J. JINDRICH MARK D. MILLIGAN SAMUEL J. SINGLETON JESSE A. JOHNSON MICHAEL A. MILLS BRYANT B. SKINNER MICHAEL J. KRANCH JODIE W. MINOR, JR. KENNETH A. SLATON MICHAEL B. KROGH AMY A. MIRANDA WILLIAM W. SMATHERS THOMAS A. KROGH RYAN A. MOLINA SAMANTHA L. SMAY KEITH D. LIGMAN MICHAEL J. MONFREDA DETRICK L. SMILEY LUKE G. MAFFEY CHRISTOPHER G. MONTES JERRY SMITH KEITH E. MAJOR ANTHONY J. MOORE LAWRENCE B. SMITH JONATHAN C. MALABRE RANDALL P. MORAN QUINTON L. SMITH ANTHONY J. MATTAZARO MICHAEL P. MORGANA STEPHEN F. SMITH CLIFTON T. MCCLUNG PATRICK M. MORIARITY ROGER A. SNEAD AUSTIN R. MINTER TERRYJAMES R. MORRIS BRENT A. SOHN GEN N. MUI ALEXANDER H. MORSE KYIANDRA C. SOMERVILLE CHRISTOPHER M. MULCH SHAMEKA L. MOSS MADONNA A. SORIANO BRENT C. NOLAN BYRON W. MULDER, JR. MAHAMADOU SOUMAORO JUNG W. OH GRAHAM L. MULLINS JASON M. SPALDING LUKE T. PLANTE EUGENE A. MUNIZ WESLEY R. SPARKS WILLIAM W. POLLARD NELSON J. MUNIZ SAMUEL SPENCERPITTMAN MAXWELL I. POTASZNIK ERIC B. MUNN BRIAN J. SPURGEON TAD E. PUGH MICHAEL D. MURPHY BRADLEY C. STADDON EVAN F. SALBEGO RYAN Y. MURPHY TYSHINA D. STARKS WILLIAM S. SANZ MICHELLE R. NAPIER KATIE L. STEELE CHARLES E. SUSLOWICZ BRIDGETTE M. NAVEJAR STAR L. STEWART JASON E. TAYLOR ANDREW M. NESOM MATTHEW R. STOLTZ STEVEN A. VIALL BOYCE J. NEWTON MATTHEW J. STROHMAN FREDERICK R. WAAGE BURKE D. NORRIS FELICIA E. STURGEON DARITH J. WALSH SAMUEL O. OHWOVORIOLE JEFFREY C. SULLIVAN JOSEPH P. WZOREK II FELIX R. OLIVAREZ JONATHAN A. SWARTZ NICOLE L. OLIVER BENJAMIN J. SYLVESTER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT BRIAN W. OLVER PUNATOTO V. TAAMU TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY JOHNNY J. ORRIA LUCIA TARTT MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 KERRY T. OSBURN KEVIN M. TATE AND 3064: KOREY R. OUTERBRIDGE COREY D. TAYLOR To be lieutenant colonel JARED L. OWEN GARY N. TAYLOR ISHAK I. OWUSU NYISHA S. TAYLOR THOMAS A. SUMMERS TRAVIS R. PAGAN FREDRICK D. TEETER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT STEVEN A. PAPENTHIEN MATTHEW W. TETER TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY JOHNATHON D. PARKER GUECHEON THEOBAL MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- MONICA M. PATTONNEAL GINA R. THOMAS TIONS 624 AND 3064: WESLEY W. PAULSEN REBEKAH K. THOMAS TINA L. PENICK STEPHANIE K. THOMAS To be lieutenant colonel JOY L. PENNEY MARCIA L. THOMPSON CHRISTINA M. BUCHNER GEOVANNIE PEREZROSADO ROBERT O. THOMPSON SYLVIO R. PERSONNA TIFFANY THROWER THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF- GWEN M. PETERS MICHAEL J. TILLSON FICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN RICARDO F. PHILLIPS NATALIE TITERENCE THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., DAVID G. PIETRASZ KRIS P. TOMAN SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: JOSE A. PIZARRO PATRICK A. TOUCHARD, JR. To be colonel JOSEPH D. PLOTINO MICHELLE Y. TUCKER ANDREW C. POLER ADAM L. TUDOR MARCIA L. LEWIS NATASHA N. POLLOCK JAMES W. TURNER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT THOMAS L. POWERS KATRINA E. TWIGG TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY LAURA C. PREKO BRANDON C. TYNER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: RYAN A. PRETE ANGELO VALDEBENITO JASON D. PULSIFER ELIA G. VALDESPINO To be colonel MATTHEW J. PURDY AURELIO J. VARELA JACK E. SHIELDS III TYWAN D. PURNELL WILLIAM D. VAUGHN ADAM C. PUTMAN GREGG R. VERHOEF THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CHRISTOPHER S. QUANTOCK CHRISTOPHER J. VESCE TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY JOSEPH A. QUENGA OTTO J. VINDEKILDE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: PETER D. QUILES DANIEL C. VOSS To be lieutenant colonel NATHAN L. RAY JOSHUA H. WADE SOPHIA A. RECLOSADO BRANDON C. WAGNER JERZY M. MATYSZCZUK EVA L. REED MAC A. WALKER THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF DANIEL K. REEP TAVIS WALLNER THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO RYAN T. REILLY NICOLE E. WALLS THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY GUY E. REYNOLDS JONATHAN M. WARD UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: HAROLD K. RICHARDSON TANESHIA L. WARREN JOSHUA A. RISHER LOVETTA L. WASHINGTON To be colonel GUNO O. RITFELD REBECCA D. WATERMAN ALECIA D. BIDDISON WILLIAM J. RIVERS MATTHEW J. WEBB RAYMOND S. CHICOSKI LUKE P. RIZZO TYLER C. WEIGHTMAN GERALD E. DEZSOFI MATTHEW W. ROBEY RONALD G. WELTER SCOTT B. HILDEBRANDT ERIC G. ROBLES ETTA S. WHEELER ADAM M. IWASZUK CLAUDIO J. RODRIGUEZ ERIC M. WHETSTONE JAMES C. PACKWOOD JAVIER RODRIGUEZ FLOYD WHITE, JR. MIGUEL A. TORRES MARK A. RODRIGUEZ JI Y. WHITE ROGER R. WOLD JOSHUA S. ROGERS BRADFORD S. J. WHITING STEVEN L. ROGERS DOUGLAS E. WILLIAMS THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF BRIAN K. ROHN HANNAH K. WILLIAMS THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO LAURA C. ROLLINS JAMES R. WILLIAMS THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY JONATHAN S. ROMERO SEAN C. WILLIAMS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: JADE C. ROOT VERNON A. WILLIAMS To be colonel DAVID B. ROSS WILLIAM G. WILLIS CHRISTINE ROUMO JOSHUA H. WILSON JOSEPH W. BISHOP

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BLAIR L. DAVIS SCOTT D. BEERENS JONATHAN D. FULLER ROMEO J. DELFIN DANIEL L. BELANGER GEORGE J. FUST III ROGER M. DILLARD MICHAEL A. BENNER JONATHON H. GAMBRELL MICHAEL A. FRANK ANDREW P. BENTON DHONCHEER S. GARCIA DAVID A. PARKER ROBERT C. BERGDORF EDWARD C. GARCIA, JR. PAUL S. PETERS DAVID C. BERMINGHAM DEVRON M. GARDNER KENT M. PORTER GRANT A. BETHURUM BRYCE J. GATRELL RAYMOND K. SCOTT KEVIN T. BEYER ROBERT J. GENTRY ROBERT T. UTLAUT TIMOTHY O. BLACK JOHN W. GERACITANO DREW A. BLACKLIDGE BRETT M. GILBERT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REGULAR AP- PETER H. BLADES PHILLIP R. GILCHRIST POINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED ZACERY C. BOATMAN DALLAS J. GILMORE STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: CHRISTOPHER A. BOLES BRADLEY W. GLOSSER To be major DOMINIC J. BONO STEVE L. GLUCK LISA A. BORER MATTHEW D. GORDON JENNIFER L. WHITE STEVEN R. BOTA DANIEL W. GOSSMAN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT DAVID L. BOYD, JR. JOSEPH J. GOURYEB IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR ARMY MED- KALA M. BRADY WILLIAM A. GREEN ICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS AAKAR C. BRAHMBHATT ROBERT W. GREY 531 AND 3064: RYAN J. BRIDLEY JACOB T. GRIER BRANDON C. BRIM JOSHUA B. GROEN To be major SAMUEL R. BROADDUS TAIB GROZDANIC JOSHUA A. BROOKS MOEZ GUENAIEN PATRICK E. MATHER BRIEN P. BROWN JAMES W. GUGLIELMI THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT CASEY J. BROWN GEORGE L. GURROLA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY LOUIS J. BROWN DEMITRIUS D. HAEFFNER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: LUCAS E. BROWN ROGER J. HAFFORD BENJAMIN A. BRUHN JASON P. HAGGARD To be colonel ADAM K. BRYANT NICHOLAS R. HAINES LUIS G. FUCHU ALEXANDER E. BULLOCK BENJIE S. HALL HARRY D. HUNG HEBA N. BULLOCK JESSE N. HALL JOHN C. MOORE BENJAMIN K. BURCH BENJAMIN J. HALLE MICHAEL D. BURKE ROBERT A. HALLIDAY DEXTER C. NUNNALLY HAROLD G. BUTTERFIELD BLAKE E. HALLOWELL THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MICHAEL J. CABIC CHRISTOPHER R. HALTOM TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY JOHN D. CADDELL TERESA M. HALTOM UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: ANDREW T. CAHAN MARK T. HARDEE To be colonel SONNY J. CAIN ANDREW I. HARRIS FRANK J. CAMARA JASON R. HARRIS JOHN P. KILBRIDE JONATHAN T. CAMIRE RUSSELL G. HARTLEY JOHN J. NEAL STEVEN A. CARBONE ANDREW M. HASCHER BRYCE K. CARLSON THOMAS L. HATFIELD II THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REGULAR AP- THOMAS S. CARNES MICHAEL R. HAWKS POINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED BRUCE R. CARSON JOCELYN R. HAYES STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S. C., VERONICA P. CARTER MICHAEL E. HEATH SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: JOHN J. CASE JOSEPH A. HENDERSON To be major JERRY W. CHAMPION MICAH G. HENNINGSEN ADAM Y. H. CHANG DREW C. HENSLEY OLIVIA H. IVEY CARLOS CHAVEZ, JR. ALEJANDRO HERRERA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REGULAR AP- DARIEN A. CHERRY RAYANNE M. HERRERA POINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED MICHAEL A. CHEZUM NATHAN I. HESS STATES ARMY DENTAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C. , RUBEN E. CHIRINOS MICHAEL P. HOPKINS SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: DAEKWANG CHOI MATTHEW A. HOUSE KEITH R. CHRISTIANSEN, JR. JUSTIN S. HOWARD To be major ALEXANDER H. CHUNG MICHAEL J. V. HOWARD NATHAN R. CLASON JULIE R. HOXHA HAN S. KIM CAIN S. CLAXTON JOSHUA E. HUDSON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT NORMAN R. COLE IV ALESIA L. HUGHES TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY BRAD J. COLEMAN PATRICK L. HUNT UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: ANDREW T. COLLINS JOHN E. HUTTON To be colonel CHAD E. COOPER JASON D. IMBODEN DANIEL F. COOPER MARK A. IRVIN JOHN E. RICHARDSON JACK H. COOPERMAN MICHAEL J. JACKSON ROBERT W. CORLESS SANDRA Y. JACKSON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TREVOR J. CORRIGAN ROBERT K. JAHN TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY JEREMY P. COVIELLO JUSTIN E. JAMES MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- DANIELLE COVINGTON DAVID R. JAQUITH TIONS 624 AND 3064: CANDIS L. CROSSLEY DANIEL R. JARVIS To be lieutenant colonel LANCE R. CROW DARLIN JEANFRANCOIS RAFAEL CRUCETA, JR. JAMES P. JOHNSON PAUL A. WHITE CHRISTIE P. CUNNINGHAM TYLER H. JOHNSON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT ROBERT J. CZAJAK BRYAN P. JONAS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ROGER A. DALLMAN MARGO L. JONES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: JOSEPH J. DANYEUR DELBERT S. L. JOO JAMES A. DAVIS MORGAN S. JORDAN To be colonel ALEXANDRA K. DEANGELIS JOSHUA J. KANDYBOWICZ ROBERT T. CARTER, JR. NICHOLAS J. DEDOMINICI JARED D. KASSULKE RANDALL M. FANNIN JOSH D. DEEHR MICHAEL S. KEELS JEFFREY L. OLIVER DANIEL I. DENN JASON S. KELLER CHARLES A. PHILLIPS DAVID A. DENS JEFFREY P. KELLY KAREN C. DERRICKSON WILLIAM C. KEOGH THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT STEVEN E. DEWHITT GEORGE A. KILGORE TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MARISSA M. DEY DANIELLE T. KILLIAN UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: JOHN J. DIBBLE III JASON Y. KIM To be major CHARLIE DIGLORIA BRIAN A. KING REECE K. DOTY DANIEL T. KING GREGORY J. ABIDE LAWTON E. DRAKE WILLIAM B. KING BRIAN M. ADAMS AUBREY R. DUSTIN DOUGLAS W. KINKENNON BRYAN E. ADAMS JUSTIN P. EASTMAN AIMEE N. L. KIRK ERIC D. ADAMS JONATHAN C. EDWARDS ERIK T. KISER DANIEL AGOSTO BENJAMIN J. EISENHUT CHARLES R. KISSLING, JR. ARIEL A. ALCAIDE CAMERON D. EK ANDREW P. KLEY CASEY L. ALEXANDER JOHN C. ELLERBE IV ALEXANDER G. KLINE JEROME M. ALTHOFF MATTHEW J. ERCOLANI TODD M. KLINZINGDONALDSON KARL K. ANDERSON MARC A. ESKEW ERIK B. KORN PAUL A. ANDERSON ELIZABETH L. EVANS ELIAS S. KORTABANI PETER D. ANDERSON DAVID L. EYRE KYLE A. KREBS CESAR A. ARIASGUTIERREZ AMIR H. EZZEDDINE DISHANTH KRISHNAGIRI JEREMY D. ARNOLD STEPHEN E. FANCEY CHRISTINE C. KRUEGER JOHN E. ARTHUR ALEKSANDR FARBEROV KYLE E. KRUG JUSTIN L. ASTROTH KENT T. FEDA BRENT A. KURUTZ ANTHONY W. ATMORE, JR. ROBERT D. FELLINGHAM JUSTIN K. KWON ARTURO AVILA TREMAIN L. FERGERSON WALLIE G. LACKS CHRISTINA S. BAHR KYLE C. FERGUSON NELSON A. LAMB BRANDON P. BAILA CHRISTOPHER P. FIGUEROA ZACHARY P. LANDIS ADRIAN BAJENARU DANIEL B. FISHER MATTHEW A. LARSON AUSTIN C. BAKER DAVID I. FISHER JOHN B. LARUE MICHAEL A. BALAZINSKI TALENA FLETCHER AHREN P. LAVALLEE ALEXANDER S. BALK THOMAS M. FLOOD BAO D. LE DANIEL P. BALLER ERIC M. FLYNN THEODORE E. LEAKAS NATHANIEL D. BALOUGH CHRISTOPHER S. FOGT MATTHEW A. LEBO KWASI V. BANKS NATHAN M. FOLGERT YUJU LEE CATHLEEN B. BARKER CHELSEY N. FORTNER WILLIAM A. LEHMANN JAVIER F. BARRERA SEAN T. FRANKUM THOMAS A. LENZ GREGORY A. BASSETT JOHN B. FRENCH MARC S. LEVITT CLINTON E. BEAUCHAMP SOPHIA V. FRENCH NICHOLAS S. LEWIS JOEL B. BECKNER JAMES R. FULKERSON ZACHARY K. LEWIS

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DAVID J. LEYDET DONALD R. ROSE PHILLIP G. YEAKEY JOSHUA S. LILEY PATRICK G. ROUSH AMARILIS D. YEN LILY M. LINGLE JESSICA L. ROVERO JOSEPH A. YETTER DANIEL W. LOEFFLER OWEN J. RYCKMAN CATHERINE M. YEU ANGEL LOPEZ LASHANNA M. SAMUEL JUNGSANG YOON JUAN C. LOPEZ MELVIN J. SANBORN CHRISTINE M. YOUNG NICHOLAS J. LOPEZ KEVIN C. SANDELL JUSTIN M. YOURTEE DAVID B. LORA JEREMIAH M. SASALA WEI J. YUAN GARY D. LOTENBECKFORD SCOTT M. SAUNDERS ADAM S. ZERR ROSS F. LOW ALAN J. SAWYER JEFFREY K. ZIZZ SCOTT A. LYNCH SEAN E. SCARCLIFF D011887 JOSEPH MACCHIARELLA GEDALIAH J. SCHAROLD D012259 JAMES J. MADIGAN, JR. DAVID G. SCHLASEMAN D012595 BRANDON MAGUIRE CODY R. SCHUETTE D012605 MICHAEL E. MAGUIRE II CHRISTOPHER M. SEBAL D012690 ANDREW L. MALON EDWIN J. SEDA D012835 ADAM J. MANEEN DAVID A. SEIDEN D013065 MARTIN P. MANGUM ABEL A. SEIPLE D013083 FREDDY P. MANJARRES SAMUEL D. SELLERS D013103 JANISE N. MAPLE DAVID C. SENSEMAN D013178 KYLE T. MARKLE JOSEPH A. SHABBOTT D013291 JUDITH A. MARLOWE ADAM T. SHAW D013295 CHRISTIAN F. MARTIE LAWRENCE A. SHAW D013476 CASEY A. MARTIN MICHELLE E. SHED D013477 CHRISTA E. MARTIN ARLYNE R. SHELTON D013530 ZACHARY I. MARTIN MICHAEL J. SHEPARD D013554 JENNIFER E. MARTINDILL DAVID J. SHERMAN G010280 FRANCISCO D. MARTINEZ SUSANNA L. SHIPMON G010287 VICTORIA C. MAYNARD DAVID N. SIDES G010360 JONATHAN T. MCANALLY VLADISLAV SILAYEV G010432 JASON A. MCCANN TIFFANIE M. SITZE G010452 JOSEPH E. MCCARTHY SHAUN T. SLAWSON JAMES S. MCCRAY BRIAN L. SMITH THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT NEAL J. MCDONALD BRYAN A. SMITH TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY JOSEPH MCDONOUGH CATHERINE E. SMITH UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MICHAEL P. MCGRAW CHANCE L. SMITH To be major GLEN W. MCINNIS II CHARLES A. SMITH JACK L. MCLAIN, JR. JASON K. SMITH STEVEN ABADIA DAVID G. MCLEAN JAYLEN T. SMITH DANIEL A. ABALDO JEFFREY S. METZ LAURENCE S. SMITH ADAM O. ABEYTA JAY Y. MEYER SHARONDA L. SMITH KURT M. ABLE MARIE C. MIKASA WILLIAM B. SMITH JASON D. ACKERMANN CASEY L. MILLER JESSE P. SODAM CAMILLE J. ACRED DANIEL T. MILLER MICHAEL K. SOGIOKA BENJAMIN T. ADAMS MELISSA S. MILLER DAVID M. SOLICH ELISSA J. ADAMS RYAN E. MILLER PETER SONG RAYMOND M. ADAMS SAMUEL J. MILLER DAVID M. SONNEY DALE M. AEBISCHER AARON P. MILLIGAN LEROY D. SPENCER, JR. JEREMY E. AHO CURTIS K. MILLION GREGORY P. STEWART, JR. ADAM D. AKERS KEITH J. MINNAJI PETER M. STJOHN SAMUEL G. ALBERT III CHRISTOPHER G. MITREVSKI JONATHAN W. STOCKWELL MICHAEL D. ALCH JOHN P. MONES JAMES E. STREAMS GERREN M. ALEXANDER JARED M. MOON STEPHANIE S. STUCK RYAN P. ALEXANDER MARITZABEL MORCELO KEVIN H. SUDSBERRY TRAVIS K. ALLARD BLAISE B. MORGAN PEARLE M. SURFACE DANIEL M. ALLEN JAMES T. MORGAN JOSHUA R. TAFT JON C. ALLEN JAMES M. MORRIS, JR. ZACHARY R. TARON MICHAEL E. ALLEN RICARDO A. MUNOZ BENJAMIN A. TEATER STEVEN R. ALQUESTA EVAN L. MUNSON MARK D. THIEME EDGARDO J. ALVAREZ DANIEL R. MURDOUGH DANIELLE M. THOMAN ERNESTO D. AMADOR MICHAEL K. MURRELL ERNEST R. THOMPSON JOHN J. AMBELANG COURTNEY E. NEEL CHARLES R. TIMM RYAN P. ANDERSEN JOEL W. NEWBURN ANDREW C. TOLLEFSON AARON F. ANDERSON MICHAEL S. NEWMAN NICHOLAS E. TOTH STUART M. ANDERSON JUSTIN R. NICHOLSON TRUONG Q. TRAN BRANDON L. ANDREASEN ERIC J. NOLAN MARK E. TRAPP JEFFREY F. ANDRILIUNAS TERRENCE R. NOLAN NATHAN J. TRIBBLE JAMES R. ANTONIDES BRYAN W. NORRELL JOSEPH A. TRICOMI ABLAM A. APEDJIHOUN DOUGLAS W. NORTH JOHN P. TRIMBLE GREGORY D. ARCHBOLD BRENT P. NOWAK ADA M. TRINIDAD REAMER W. ARGO IV JUSTIN D. OAKLEY ALEXANDER M. TRIPLETT PATRICK J. ARMOURKOENIG CHRISTOPHER J. OGDEN CHAD D. TRUSLOW PATRICK ARMSTRONG JILL OGUES LUKE A. TYREE CHARLES C. ASHCRAFT TIMOTHY M. OHARA SHAHIN UDDIN JACQUELINE M. ASIS JONATHAN P. OLSON GENE F. UHLER KEVIN J. ATWELL ALTANGEREL ORGIL NICHOLAS M. UHORCHAK JOHN N. AUGER JOHN D. ORSINI MICHAEL J. URBANIAK ROBERT E. AULETTA ANTHONY J. OSMAN MELISSA A. VALKEN PAUL B. AUSTIN TIMOTHY T. OTT BRIAN B. VARNS ARCADIO AVALOS ANDREW J. OWENS KENDRICK B. VAUGHN JASON L. BAHMER ANDREW M. OWENS JOSEPH V. VESNESKY JONATHAN C. BAKER BRIAN A. OWENS WALTER R. VOGEL JENNIFER M. BALES JONATHAN S. PAGE ANTHONY E. VUKELICH CHRISTIAN E. BALLESTER JAMES P. PAPAGNI BRIAN P. WADAS JAMES R. BARKER JIMMY P. PAYNE DARICK J. WAGUESPACK BENJAMIN R. BARNARD RYAN E. PEACOCK BRIAN A. WALLACE CURT A. BARNES ANTHONY D. PEARSON TIMOTHY C. WALSH PATRICK A. BARONE AARON M. PECORA TYSON H. WALSH ALEXANDER C. BARRON STEPHAN A. PEREIRA PAUL A. WARD BRETT W. BARTLETT LOIS I. PEREZJARA WILLIAM S. WARNER DEREK F. BARTLETT JOHN E. PETERS BOOKER T. WASHINGTON GREGORY D. BASCOMB II MARVIN L. PHILLIPS IRA F. WATKINS SHAILENDRA BASNET BIANCA S. PHILSON ZACHARY N. WATSON ANDREW M. BATULE ANDREW F. PLUCKER CHRISTOPHER D. WEBB ANDREW B. P. BAUDER MARK D. PODRAZIK KENNETH M. WEISS BRENT B. BEADLE SHONDA L. PORTER LANARD S. WELCH DAVID B. BEALE ANDREW P. POSTOVOIT ZACHARY J. WEST KEVIN A. BEAVERS MICHAEL G. PRESCOTT MARYDELL V. WESTMAN DAVID L. BECKER, JR. SPENCER D. PROPST LEROY WEYRICK IV MARK D. BEDRIN MICHAEL B. PULTUSKER MICHAEL P. WHITE BRENDA L. BEEGLE MICHAEL K. PUTTERILL JACQUELINE N. WIGFALL PAUL T. BELL PEDRO F. QUINTEROMERCADO ANDREW S. WILHELM JAMES S. BELLENDIR JASON A. RAMNARINE ANTHONY R. WILKINS GREGORY M. BENDER ROBERT J. RANSOM JUSTIN D. WILLIAMS BLAKE L. BENEDICT MICHAEL R. REED KENDRICK J. WILLIAMS GREGORY A. BENJAMIN BRIAN S. REMSON TIMOTHY D. WILSON LEVI J. BERCUME TIMOTHY G. RHODES BENJAMIN M. WINCHESTER KEVIN M. BERNHARDT DAVID J. RICE JOSHUA T. WINSETT JOHN P. BILLINGS JAVIER R. RIVERASANCHEZ BRET D. WISECUP JENNIFER L. BISER LEE H. ROBERTS MATTHEW C. WOLFE NATE W. BLACKFORD JASON L. ROBINSON STEPHANIE R. WOOD ANDREW T. BLAKEMORE ADAM P. ROBITAILLE RYAN D. WOODWARD MARCIE T. BLASINGAME LUZ N. RODRIGUEZ CARMELA M. WOOTAN KURT H. BOEHM JOSE A. RODRIGUEZGUZMAN KENNETH B. WORD JASON A. BOGARDUS EDDIE L. ROGERS KELSEY L. WORLEY JESSICA R. BOHACHE JOHN D. ROHN MICHAEL B. WRIGHT JUSTIN T. BOKMEYER PHILIP C. ROLL VONNIE L. WRIGHT ERIK M. BONDHUS

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DOUGLAS O. BOONE CHRISTOPHER M. DAILY CORA E. FREEMAN JOSHUA M. BOSLEY FRANCIS I. DALLURA BRANDON T. FREI JAMES J. BOUCHARD NATHANIEL P. DAMS MICHAEL C. FREY TRAVIS J. BOUDREAU CALEB S. DANIEL ANTHONY C. FUNKHOUSER SHAWN G. BOURDON MICHAEL L. DANIELS JAMIE J. GALE LUKE C. BOWERS DAVID A. DARLING KEVIN A. GALL KENNETH R. BOWLING II NICHOLAS B. DASON CHARLES R. GALLAGHER JOSHUA C. BRACHER ROBERT J. DAUGHERTY CHRISTOPHER T. GALVEZ JAKOB C. BRADFIELD LAZARIUS T. DAVIDSON FERNANDO L. GARCIA, JR. JOHN F. BRADLEY BRANDON R. DAVIS LOUIS GARCIA, JR. LYLE R. BRANAGAN CLINTON G. DAVIS JONATHAN E. GARVEY SION D. BRANNAN EMERSON T. DAVIS ERIC C. GEIGER MICHAEL T. BRANTHOOVER JOSEPH P. DAVIS JOSHUA T. GEIS PEARSON R. BRANTLEY ROBERT C. DAVIS, JR. CHRISTOPHER M. GENSLER JOHN T. BRASHER ROBERT L. DAVIS STEPHEN J. GIANOS STEVEN P. BRAZELL TRAVIS M. DAVIS JAMES M. GIBBS, JR. NICHOLAS A. BREDENKAMP JOHN C. DEAN MICHAEL D. GIFFIN EAMON P. BRESLIN GABRIEL C. DEARMAN JASON D. GILLESPIE THOMAS J. BRETT KIMBERLY M. DEFIORI DANA M. GINGRICH KYLE J. BRINKS JON D. DEGREEFF LOUIS H. GINN COLIN W. BRODMERKEL STEVEN J. DEJESUS III ANDREW B. GINTHER SCOTT C. BROOME JAMES M. DELONGCHAMP STUART D. GITTELMAN BRADLEY D. BROWN JARED A. DEMELLO WILLIAM R. GOLDSWORTH CRAIG L. BROWN MARC T. DEREDITA JOHN P. GOMEN JAMES R. BROWN II NATHAN P. DERRICK VANCE A. GONZALES TAZH N. BROWN JEFFERY R. DEVAULFETTERS WILLIAM R. GOODING III ZACHERY G. BROWN PHILIP DEVERA STEPHAN M. GOODMAN MICHAEL D. BRUCE JORDAN A. DILENA TREY C. GOODWIN KYLE S. BRUFFY SCOTT N. DIMAIO MARK T. GORDON LINWOOD L. BUBAR WILLIAM F. DIONNE MATTHEW R. GOWENS MATTHEW P. BUCHANAN BRYAN S. DIPALERMO JEREMY GRAHAM KARL D. BUCKINGHAM MICHAEL V. DIPIETRO TERRANCE D. GREEN KELLY J. BUCKNER CHRIS DISPONETT NICHOLAS B. GREGORY JARED F. BUDENSKI PHILIPDANIEL R. DIVINSKI RYAN E. GREGORY STEVEN P. BUHLER ALFRED D. DIXON, JR. JOHN J. GRIFFIN ANTHONY L. BULACLAC ROBERT L. DOAK DAVID H. GRINDLE, JR. JEFFERY W. BURGETT TRAVERS H. DOANE JACIEL J. GUERRERO CORY L. BURIA CASSIDY T. DOBBINS BRIAN M. GULDEN WILLIAM E. BURKE THOMAS W. DOHERTY JACOB D. GUTIERREZ COLBY M. BURKHART RAFAEL U. DOMINGUEZ GREGORY A. HALL, JR. JESSE B. BURNETTE JOSHUA W. DONECKER JOSEPH D. HALL JUSTIN K. BURNEY TIMOTHY D. DONOHUE MARSHALL B. HALL DAVID K. BURRIS MARK A. DONOVAN ERIK M. HAMILTON JAMES M. BURTON ADAM J. DORTONA MATTHEW T. HAMILTON TIMOTHY D. BURTON DANIEL E. DOTSON THOMAS W. HAMMERLE JONATHAN M. BYRD JOANNE M. DOUGLAS ERIC J. HANFT RICHARD L. BYRNE BLAIR W. DOWNEY RACHEL M. HARDESTY EDWIN CABAN MICHAEL J. DUDA JOSHUA D. HARGARTEN JIM CABRERA IAN M. DUKE BRYAN C. HARKRADER JESSE C. CAIN RICHARD M. DUNKIN SCOTT M. HARRA MICHAEL A. CAIN DON M. DUONG JOHN R. HARRELL EDWIN C. CALLAHAN, JR. JOEL S. DUQUEESTRADA CHARLES C. HARRIS JONATHAN D. CALLAHAN WILLIAM L. DURBIN JARROD A. HARRIS CHRISTOPHER R. CAMPBELL NATHAN B. DYER JOHN P. HARRIS DOUGLAS R. CANNON JOSEPH D. DYWAN ANDREW J. HARSHBARGER LAMAR K. CANTELOU MATTHEW J. EBBERTT JAMES P. HART JACKIE E. CAPLE, JR. ROBERT T. EBERTS JERALEE M. HARTMAN STEPHEN J. CARALUZZI JO A. EDMONDS CHRISTOPHER J. HASSELL WILLIE C. CARNES, JR. KEITH D. EDMONDS CHRISTOPHER J. HAVILEY BRENT A. CARR PHILLIP M. EDMONDSON REED O. HAYES FREDERICK J. CARR, JR. BRANDON A. EICHER MARK S. HAYNES ERIK R. CARROLL AARON H. ELLINGER WALTER C. HAYNES GUSTAVO A. CARUSO TYANDRE D. ELLIS MICHAEL D. HAYS CHARLES W. CASSELS RUSLAN K. EMELYANOV LEVI D. HAZLETT JOSEPH K. CATLAW III ELLIOTT J. EMERICH RICHARD P. HELSHAM MATTHEW J. CAUDA WESLEY C. EMERY JASON A. HENKE NATHANIEL C. CAVE RICHARD S. EMMONS JARROD Y. HEREDIA EDWARD M. CECIL DAVID P. ENGELMANN, JR. DAVID J. HERMANN BRYAN C. CERCY JEFFREY L. EPPS KATHRYN E. HERMON KRISTOFFER C. CHAMALES TARON X. EPPS JUAN C. HERNANDEZ DANIELLE A. CHAMPAGNE ERICH E. ESHELMAN CHRISTOPHER J. HEROLD ADAM C. CHAPPELL GABRIEL M. ESPINOSA GEOFFREY W. HERTENSTEIN PAUL T. CHARTERS BRANDON J. ESSIET NATHANIEL J. HETHERMAN RICHARD S. CHEW ARTURO EUSEBIO DANIEL J. HEUMANN BENJAMIN E. CHINSKY MEGAN E. EVANS BRIAN W. HEWKO KEITH A. CHIRO JASON R. FABIJANOWICZ DANIEL J. HICKOK JOE S. CHO JONATHAN N. FAGINS JOSEPH C. HICKS SHAWN R. CHRISTENSEN DOMINICK V. G. FALCON MATTHEW K. HILDERBRAND LINDA K. CHUNG ROBERT C. FALES JORDAN D. HILL IAN L. CHUSTEK MICHAEL A. FARINELLI LOUIS D. HILL RICHARD G. CLARK CALE W. FARQUHAR RICHARD T. HILL SCOTT A. CLARK JONATHAN C. FARWELL WILLIAM P. HILL ANDRE L. S. CLEMENCIA JEREMIAH R. FAUGHT LOWELL E. HILTY TRAVIS D. CLEMENS ANTON V. FAUSTMANN WOLF E. HINDRICHS VICTORIA CLEMONS JEFFREY J. FEARING MICHAEL J. HITZNER TRAVIS L. CLINE KY R. FEHLBAUM ROMEO M. HIZON III SEAN M. COCKRILL RAFAEL FELICIANO STEPHAN D. HOBBS WESLEY R. COGDAL DAVID T. FELTNER RYAN D. HODGSON CHRISTOPHER M. COGHLIN JAMES R. FERGUSON WILLIAM B. HOELSCHER SHAUN A. COLLINS SCOTT R. FERGUSON JOSHUA P. HOLLINGSWORTH ROBERT J. CONWAY, JR. JULIO R. FERNANDEZ ROBERT D. HOLLINGSWORTH ROBERT A. COOMBS JOHN J. FERNANDEZRUBIO COREY L. HOPKINS PAUL A. CORCORAN JOHN E. FERRY JAMES D. HORNE JAMES C. CORKE JEFFREY A. FESER THOMAS A. HOWARD WILLIAM CORSON CODIE G. FIELDS KELLEN W. HOWELL VICTOR J. CORTESE MICHAEL S. FIFER ROBERT B. HOWELL NICHOLAUS J. CORTEZ MICHAEL S. FINCH DERICK M. HOY KEVIN S. CORY PHILLIP D. FITCH JARREL D. HUDDLE JOEL A. COSTA DAVID J. FITZPATRICK ANTHONY J. HUEBNER NICHOLAS A. COSTELLO JOSEPH C. FIX BEAU B. HUGHES DAVID COURTER JEREMY A. FLAKE SPENCER E. HUNT MICHAEL C. COX THOMAS C. FLANNIGAN DAVID P. HUNTER MARCUS T. CRAIG JOSEPH M. FLEMING JOSEPH J. IMBRIACO LARRY S. CREWS LEVI FLOETER ANDREW T. INMAN RAYMOND M. CRONE HUGO E. FLORESDIAZ GERALD A. INOABRETON MICHAEL J. CROOKS ERIN M. FOLEY JOHN A. IRVINE, JR. JENNIFER M. CROSLOW ALEXANDER X. FOSTER DONALD W. IRWIN DOUGLAS R. CRUISE AMIE M. FOSTER FERNANDO L. ISIP IV MICHAEL J. CULLER SAMY FOUDA ELIAS M. ISREAL MICHAEL T. CULLIGAN LAURA B. FOWLER MATTHEW J. IVEY BRANDON J. CUMMINGS THOMAS F. FOX DAVID A. JACKSON DANIEL L. CUMMINS ANTHONYMARK U. FRANCISCO JABARI M. JACKSON ANDREW G. CURRIER AARON A. FRANKLIN JOSHUA D. JACKSON TIMOTHY B. CURTIS ZACHARY M. FRANKLIN DAVID F. JACOBS JOSEPH A. CYMERMAN BENJAMIN G. FRANZOSA JOSEPH O. JANKE JOHN S. DABROWSKI KYLE E. FRAZER ADAM D. JANNETTI GRADY P. DACUS CHELSEY A. FREEMAN TIMOTHY D. JENNINGS

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GABRIELLE JIMENEZ ASHLEY D. MANOCCHIO AARON S. PALMER CHARLES S. JOHN HUGO A. MANZO SCOTT A. PANCOTTO BRENT J. JOHNSON CHRISTOPHER A. MARCANO YOUNGMIN N. PARK DEIRDRA D. JOHNSON JOHN M. MARHEVSKY RYAN S. PARRISH JEFFREY J. JOHNSON BRYCE M. MARKIEWICZ PATRICK T. PASSEWITZ NOLAN S. JOHNSON CAMERON B. MARLOW ASHISH S. PATEL CHARLES E. JONES PATRICK J. MARTIN COURTNEY PATERSON COLLIN R. JONES WESLEY E. MARTIN NORMAN PATTERSON, JR. WILLIAM S. JONES III BENJAMIN MARTINEZ ERIK M. PATTON SEAN P. JOPLING FERNANDO E. MARTINEZ AUGUSTINE H. PAUL KENNETH S. JURA CRAIG M. MASSIE SAMANTHA J. PAVOLKO NATHAN J. JUSTIN BRIAN M. MATTHEWS TRAVIS J. PAYNE RONALD C. KAMP GENEVA L. MATTHEWS ANTONIO A. PAZOS KI M. KANG CHRISTOPHER J. MATTOS GILBERT H. PEARSALL MICHAEL K. KARLSON MICHELPAUL G. MAURAIS CASSANDRA J. PERKINS JOHN K. KARLSSON ERIN J. MAURER ANTHONY E. PERRIZO CORY T. KASTL STEVEN M. MAXWELL CHRISTOPHER M. PERRONE OREN H. KAUFFMAN CHRISTOPHER A. MAYR NICHOLAS R. PERRY MARY A. KEARNEY JASON M. MAZZELLA NOLAN J. PETERSON LUKE A. KELLER ZACHARY W. MCADAMS DAVID M. PEVOTO COLM A. KELLY EAMON G. MCARDLE NATHAN D. PFAFF ROBERT T. KELLY TYLER A. MCCALL CHRISTOPHER G. PHILPOT BART E. KENNEDY STEPHEN F. MCCARTHY RONALD D. PIERCE JOHN R. KENNEDY MICHAEL MCCAUGHEY MATTHEW P. PIERSON BRIAN R. KENT HOWARD L. MCCOLLUM, JR. CODY S. PILGER CODY L. KILLMER IAN D. MCCORMACK ADRIANA M. PIN CHRIS KIM BRENDAN M. MCCORMICK JARED P. PIPKIN DAVID KIM MATTHEW M. MCCORMICK LEVI T. PIPPY EDWARD KIM JACOB N. MCDANIEL DANIEL F. PLUMB SAE H. KIM JEROME C. MCDANIEL MICHAEL J. POCE CHRISTOPHER L. KINSEL PATRICK M. MCDONALD MARK W. POLLAK FRANK R. KIRBYSON III ANTON M. MCDUFFIE ALEXANDER J. POMBAR JACOB W. KNELL RILEY E. MCEVOY DANIEL W. POMEROY JONATHAN D. KNIGHT TAYLOR B. MCKAY KENNETH M. PORTER DOREN S. KOLASA ERIC D. MCKINNEY ZACHARY H. PORTER JONATHAN E. KRALICK MICHAEL P. MCLAUGHLIN SHAUN M. POTHIN STEPHEN C. KRAUS KEVIN P. MCMAHON JACOB C. PRESSLER DAMIAN M. KREBSBACH JUSTIN S. MCMILLAN AARON B. PRICE MATTHEW W. KREIN JAMES P. MCNALLY DANNY R. PRIESTER JONATHAN D. KREPEL SHAWN M. MCNEIL BRADLEY S. PRIVETT SAM H. KRIEGLER MICHAEL A. MCQUEENEY JONATHAN D. PROCTOR SCOTT R. KROENKE JOHN A. MEIER MATTHEW C. PRYOR JASON R. KRUCK MICHELLE E. MENDOZA AARON M. PUCETAS DAVID G. KRUEGER WILLIAM P. MERGL, JR. JEREMY S. PUNDT LEO T. KRYSTOF LAUREN A. MERKEL JONATHAN M. PUNIO JONATHAN D. KUHN THATCHER H. MERRILL BENJAMIN D. PUSZTAI ANDRELUIZ D. KUHNER JESSE O. MEYER ROBERT R. PUTNAM PATRICK K. KUIPER THOMAS E. MEYER RAMON QUINONES JOSHUA J. LAFLEUR QUINN R. MEYERS BRANDEN L. QUINTANA JEREMY J. LAFOUNTAIN DAVID E. MICHELSON ALEXANDER M. QUITT TADD C. LAHNERT MARCUS A. MILLEN DALLAS L. RAINEY GREGORY D. LAMBERT DANIEL B. MILLER BRADLEY J. RAKOCE KELLIE M. LANDAUER JAMES I. MINSHEW KEVIN RAMIREZ CHRISTOPHER D. LANDERS ANDREW M. MIRALDI JASON K. RANDOLPH ALEXANDER K. LANDRUM MATTHEW B. MITCHELL ROBERT L. RAPONE ALBERT T. LANSANA MICHAEL L. MITCHELL ERIK A. RASTELLO BRANDON L. LAPEHN DANIEL P. MIZAK MEGAN S. READING JOSEPH M. LAPOINTE JONATHAN MLEYNEK DAVID L. REAL JEREMY G. LARSON RAFFI MNATZAKANIAN ADAM C. REAMS BRADLEY D. LAUX WILLIAM J. MOELLER CHRISTOPHER A. REDDING PATRICK J. LAVIN CHAFAC N. MOFOR JOSEPH M. REEVES BRIAN C. LAWSON BRIAN T. MOLLOY BRETT T. REICHERT WESTON S. LAYFIELD ADAM L. MOMA TYLER M. REID STEPHEN J. LAZ BENJAMIN E. MONSON MATTHEW R. REINSTEIN MEAGHAN L. LAZAK ANDRES E. MONTENEGRO ILYAS C. RENWICK NICHOLAS R. LAZZAREVICH MICHAEL C. MOORE CHRISTOPHER J. REYNOLDS VINH V. LE ROBERT E. MOORE DANIEL R. REYNOLDS JOHN E. LEATHERMAN ROBERT G. MOORE KRISTOFFER N. RHEINGANS KELLY R. LEAVERTON ROBERT W. MOORE BENJAMIN H. RHOADS JOSE J. LEDEZMA TIMOTHY A. MOORE KATIE L. RICHESIN JOHN C. LEE JEFFREY T. MORGAN GORDON T. RICHMOND KEVIN E. LEE IAN R. MORRIS CONSTANTIN E. RIEGER ROGER C. LEONHART STEVEN T. MORSE BRYAN N. RIGGS DANIEL J. LESSARD VINCENT W. MORTARA CALEB L. RIGGS HAROLD W. LESSNER NATHANIEL W. MOTLEY CHRISTOPHER M. RIGGS JOSEPH P. LEWANDOWSKI ANTHONY P. MUCCIO PHILIP A. RIGLICK TIMOTHY P. LEWIN JACK H. MULARKEY IDA S. RILEY BRANDON M. LEWIS VINCENT P. MULLEN ALBERTO RIOS HUGH A. LEWIS CLEOMAR MUNOZ MICHAEL J. ROBEY MATTHEW S. LEWIS VICTOR A. MUNOZ KYLE J. ROBINSON TIMOTHY G. LIESKE BARRETT K. MUNSON STEVEN E. ROBINSON WILLIAM H. LIGGETT BRIAN E. MURAWSKY ANDREW C. ROCKWOOD BRIAN K. LILLY DANIEL W. MURPHY JASON A. RODRIGUEZ ANDREW D. LINCOLN ROBB W. MYERS JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ LARRY B. LINEBERRY JAMES NANCE NICHOLAS A. ROGERS JOSHUA W. LINVILL JOHN M. NANCE WILLIAM A. ROGERS MATTHEW C. LITVINAS JOHN J. NASTUS GUILLERMO ROMO AUSTIN Y. LIU CHRISTOPHER S. NELSON ANGEL A. ROSARIOESCOBAR COLE J. LIVIERATOS REBECCA L. NELSON ROBERT G. ROSE JUSTIN M. LOCK DANIEL J. NEWELL GREGORY J. ROSS WILLIAM M. LONGWELL LOGAN E. NEWSOME RYAN B. ROTHCHILD HAROLD C. LOPEZ KHIEM M. NGUYEN JOSHUA D. RUD JACOB J. LOPEZ TONY E. NICOSIA PAMELA M. RUSINKO THOMAS J. LOPEZ GLENN R. NIERADKA JOHN G. RYAN THOMAS F. LORENSON NATHANIEL NIX JEREMY J. SALDANA AARON D. LOVE JOSHUA T. NOLAN MICHAEL J. SALECK CALEB L. LOVE JACOB J. NUSSRALLAH MATTHEW B. SAMSON RICHARD S. LOVERING DANIEL P. OCONNOR STEVEN R. SANFORD MICHAEL P. LOVETT RODERIC J. OCONNOR GERARD G. SAPIENZA NATHANIEL P. LOW KEVIN F. ODONAGHUE STEVE N. SARANTOS RYAN F. LOWE ANDREW A. OLIVER KENTON B. SATTERWHITE SHAOHONG LU BO B. OLSEN TIMOTHY A. SCHAFER ROBYN E. LUCAS WILLIAM P. ONEILL III MATTHEW D. SCHILLER COREY E. LUFFLER TAYLOR S. ONEY MATTHEW R. SCHLOESSER NATHAN A. LUNDE KEVIN G. ONG TIMOTHY D. SCHLUCKEBIER MATTHEW S. LYLES AARON M. ORANGE KEITH M. SCHNELL PATRICK V. LYNCH JEFFREY M. ORBAN ADAM T. SCHOFFSTALL BERNARD A. MABINI RYAN B. ORBISON TIMOTHY M. SCHRIVER JASON M. MACRAE STEVEN J. ORBON STEVEN R. SCHUERMAN JONATHAN S. MACRAE AUGUSTIN A. ORDONEZ FRANCIS A. SCHWAGEL KEVIN P. MAGUIRE YANDY OROZCO DANIEL B. SCHWARTZ ROSS W. MAHNE CHRISTIAN T. ORTIZ JASON D. SCHWARZ JAMES A. MAICKE BRIAN J. OTTESTAD JONATHAN W. SCHWARZ JESUS E. MALDONADO JASON A. OVERSTREET BRANDON J. SCOTT EDWARD P. MALLUE, JR. QUINN J. OVERTON GEOFFREY W. SCOTT JONATHAN M. MANLEY JUSTIN V. PADUA JEFFREY A. SCOTT ERIC S. MANN BRIAN A. PAGE SHAWN S. SCOTT

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BENJAMIN A. SCRIVNER DAVID M. VOLZ JEREMY J. BRICCO STUART F. SEARLE BRIAN D. WADDY MATTHEW D. BURCHILL ERIC A. SEARS JEFFREY S. WADE JOHN A. BURNS STACEY N. SEARS JASON F. WAIDZULIS SCOTT A. CARPER JUSTIN B. SEDLAK JAMES G. WAKELAND BRYAN R. CHAPMAN KURT W. SEMON MARK D. WALDEN JASON R. CROW RYKER SENTGEORGE CHRISTOPHER R. WALKER JESSE D. DAVIDSON DEREK J. SENTINELLA CLIFFORD S. WALKER BRENDAN J. DOUGHERTY WILLIAM R. SESKEY II DUNCAN G. WALKER MARSHALL J. FUGATE, JR. CHARLES F. SEXTON GREGORY P. WALKER LANDON M. FUHRIMAN SHANNE A. SHADEL WESLEY N. WARD EMILY E. GEDDES JEFFERY S. SHADWICK ALEXANDER L. WARREN MIGUEL A. GONZALEZ THOMAS C. SHANDY KURT R. WASILEWSKI WILLIAM A. GORUM MATTHEW B. SHAW ANDREW J. WASSEL JEREMY S. HALKIN JEFFREY L. SHIELDS WILLIAM P. WATTS CALVIN S. HARGADINE JASON M. SHINAR JOSHUA D. WAUCHOPE HUGH L. HARRON BRYSON W. SHIPMAN STEVEN J. WAX JACOB R. HARTSFIELD CATHERINE R. SHUTTERS NATHANIEL A. WEANDER ANTONIO T. JONES DUSTIN R. SIDDLE BENJAMIN N. WEARIN BENJAMIN S. KALKWARF KONRAD J. SIERSZEN DAVID G. WEART ALEXANDER M. KINNEY KEVIN J. SILL TREVOR P. WEAVER GRANT H. LEE JOSEPH T. SIMMONS NOAH G. WEBSTER MARTIN L. LEONARD MICHAEL L. SIMMONS MICHAEL WECHSLER CHRISTOPHER M. LESTER STEVEN A. SIMMONS ROSS M. WEINSHENKER DIRK R. LUNDGREN JOSH L. SIMMS NATHANIEL R. WELSH MIGUEL A. MALAGONCORDERO ERIC J. SIMPSON ZACHARIE T. WERT AARON C. MARCHANT JEREMY B. SINGER CHARLES J. WEST JEFFREY S. MCCORMICK JOSEPH A. SINKIEWICZ KYLE M. WEST EDWARD J. MCGUINNIS II BRANDON P. SIROIS SHAQUELLA S. WHITT NICHOLAS M. MEADORS MATTHEW A. SKINNER WILLIAM G. WHITTAKER BRADLEY T. OTREMBA MATTHEW J. SKIRPAN WESLEY A. WIBLIN ALBERT J. PERRY VLADISLAV A. SKOTS TREVOR WIEGERS ADAM J. ROGELSTAD MICHAEL A. SKUZA VINCENT R. WIGGINS, JR. DERIK W. ROTHCHILD SCOTT A. SLOSS JARED D. WIGTON LANDON D. SHARRETT BRAD E. SMITH MATTHEW E. WILCOXEN JUSTIN R. SMITH KRISTIN L. SHAW KEVIN A. WILEY ZACHARY S. SMITH ZEBULUN J. SHAW JASON F. WILLENBROCK SALLY SOMOZA STEVEN D. SIDERI, JR. CHRISTOPHER D. WILLIAMMEE QUINN D. SORENSON JOHNNY L. STEVENSON, JR. BRIAN T. WILLIAMS JEFFREY SOTO BRETT G. STEWART DANIEL B. WILLIAMS MAXIMILIAN L. SOTO SIAN E. STIMPERT EVAN D. WILLIAMS JOHN R. SOWDER DIMITRY P. VINCENT GRAHAM H. WILLIAMS ROBERT M. SQUIER KRISTOFER L. YOST NICHOLAS T. WILLIAMS CHRISTOPHER J. STACHURA OLIVER C. ZUFELT PHILLIP G. WILLIAMS KATHTHEA A. STAGG THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JAMIN D. D. WILLIAMSON GABRIEL S. STAHL IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY KENNETH G. WILLIARD PHILIP J. STEENSTRA UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 5582: CHRISTOPHER M. WILLINGHAM STUARD J. STEGALL JUSTIN L. WILLIS DWAYNE A. STEPPE To be lieutenant commander TODD M. I. WILLIS NATHANIEL H. STICKNEY ALAN B. WILSON JESSICA M. FERRARO KYLE D. STILWELL ERIC L. WILSON DANIEL R. STINNETT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT WILLIAM D. WILSON KYLE R. STRAMARA IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY DANIEL R. WINISTORFER TIMOTHY O. STRUBELL UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: BRETT A. WITTERS BENJAMIN C. STUMPF JOSHUA T. WOLF To be lieutenant commander JASON E. STUMPF TIMOTHY D. WOLF KYLE A. SURRIDGE VIJAY M. RAVINDRA DOUGLAS L. WOLFE CHRISTOPHER M. SUTPHIN JAMES T. WOLFE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ERIC C. SWANSON KENNETH A. WOLFE IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY KEVIN S. SWEET CHRISTOPHER J. WONSETTLER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: NOAH C. SWITZER GABRIEL L. WOOD CALEB A. TALLENT To be lieutenant commander JENNIFER D. WOODS ANDREW J. TALONE JUSTIN L. WOODWARD JUSTIN S. HEITMAN ANTHONY K. TANKIEWICZ VINCENT K. WORRELL NOAH J. TARTAL THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT GENE E. WRICE DEREK E. TAYLOR IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY BRIAN M. WRIGHT JAROD A. TAYLOR UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: TIMOTHY P. WU LUC A. TAYLOR PAUL K. WYATT, JR. To be captain STEPHEN P. TAYLOR TRISHA E. WYMAN TROY M. TAYLOR JAMES C. WYNN ELISABETH S. STEPHENS DEREK K. TELLESON ERIC P. W. YAGER ROMAN A. TEREHOFF IN THE MARINE CORPS KRISTIN R. YAMPAGLIA BRYAN R. TERRY CHRISTOPHER T. YANKEY THE FOLLOWING NAMED WARRANT OFFICER FOR TEM- JOHN R. THIBODEAU CHRISTINA M. YEAGER PORARY APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN ANDREW K. THOMAS CHELSEY L. YINGLING THE REGULAR MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., BRANDON A. THOMAS RODNEY E. YOST SECTION 6222: ETHAN A. THOMAS BRADLEY J. YOUNG MERRITT W. THOMAS JENNIFER L. YOUNG To be major ADAM T. THOMPSON RANDY J. YOUNG DEREK J. THOMPSON DOUGLAS R. BURIAN TRAVIS H. YOUNG ADRIAN E. TILSTON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT BENJAMIN M. YOUROUS WILLIAM C. TOFT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES MA- HARRISON M. ZABELL JEFFREY C. TOLBERT RINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: KERRY L. ZANDERS, JR. OWEN T. TOLSON IV STEVE Q. ZHANG KYLE A. TOMASINO To be lieutenant colonel D011883 KIRK M. TOOLEY D012592 MICHAEL E. FEUQUAY MATTHEW A. TORMA D012872 JEFFREY A. GARZA DEREK P. TORREZ D013371 GREGORY A. GRAYSON KELLAN S. TRAVIS D013556 COLE B. HODGE ANDREW D. TRESCH D013559 VALERIE N. KYZAR JEREMY M. TRIMBLE D013666 ARMANDO J. MARTINEZ STEPHEN K. TRUESDALE D013693 HEATH E. RUPPERT CONOR E. TRULSSON D013733 CHI L. TRUONG THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT G010479 SCOTT TUNIS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES MA- CHRISTOPHER W. TUNNING IN THE NAVY RINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: DUSTY S. TURNER To be lieutenant colonel JONATHAN R. TURNER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT STEPHEN G. TYMINSKI TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY BENJAMIN S. ADAMS KYLE S. UNGER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MATTHEW J. AGNOLI DAYNA J. URBANK To be captain TOM E. AGUILAR GRANT M. URICK KELLY B. ALLEN JOSHUA A. URNESS THOMAS A. ESPARZA STEVEN C. ALLSHOUSE JESUS URRUTIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JUSTIN K. ARCHIBALD LANEKA A. VANBORKULO TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY JASON C. ARMAS DONALD B. VANCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: JONATHAN C. ASHMORE ADRIAN B. VANCLEVE DAVID J. BACHTA NENG P. VANG To be lieutenant commander WILLIAM V. BACKLUND III DIRK K. VANINGEN JOHN BACON, JR. JAMAL L. HEADEN ANTHONY J. VARELA CARL A. BAILEY ANTONY V. VARGAS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR TEMPORARY GABRIEL M. BALCH HENRY A. VASQUEZ APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JENIFFER P. BALLARD JOHN V. VERWIEL UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION ANTHONY P. BARILETTI MATVEY S. VIKHROV 5721: PAUL T. BARTOK JAMES A. VILLANUEVA To be lieutenant commander NATHAN P. BASTAR MATTHEW R. VISNOVSKY BENJAMIN K. BAYLESS BENJAMIN R. VOGELSONG PATRICK P. ARRIGO MICHAEL S. BEAMES

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SCOTT E. BEATTY CHAD R. GRIMMETT CHRISTIAN J. PFEFFER RICHARD A. BEHRMANN ROBERT M. GROCEMAN PAUL D. PFEIFER JUSTIN M. BELLMAN MATTHEW J. GRUBA ZEBULON C. PHILPOTT JAMES R. BERARD MATTHEW L. HAGER ERIC W. PICKELSIMER LYNN W. BERENDSEN PATRICK M. HAINES, JR. JUSTIN D. POWELL JUSTIN P. BETZ JAMES D. HALE PETER F. PRIESTER JOHN R. BITONTI II MATTHEW L. HALEY JAMES J. PRUDEN MARC E. BLANKENBICKER BRADLEY W. HANSON BRIAN D. PSOLKA PAUL B. BOCK JAY D. HANSON COREY L. PULLIG NICOLE M. BOHANNON BRADLEY J. HAUSMANN MATTHEW W. QUIGLEY BRETT A. BOHNE JONATHAN L. HAYES KERRY R. QUINBY RYAN T. BRANNON LEE W. HEMMING SEAMUS M. QUINN BRIAN K. BRISCOE ANGELA S. HERRERA SCOTT F. RAPIN CASEY M. BROCK MICHAEL S. HESTER CRAIG Q. REESE DAVID L. BROWN MARCUS A. HINCKLEY MICHAEL J. REGNER LANCE E. BROWN BENJAMIN J. HODGINS ANNA V. REVES NEIL H. BRUBECK BRETT D. HOHMANN PAUL E. REYES III ARTHUR Q. BRUGGEMAN TYLER J. HOLLAND JAMES V. REYNOLDS THEODORE A. BUCIERKA ROGER A. HOLLIDAY, JR. KEITH W. RICHARDSON KEITH W. BUCKLEW JOSEPH C. HORVATH MATTHEW T. RITCHIE JOSHUA A. BULLARD CHRISTINE M. HOUSER JOHN L. ROACH SHANE J. BURSAE JONATHAN C. HOWARD BENJAMIN A. ROBLES ALFRED L. BUTLER IV JUSTIN W. HUBER MICHAEL C. ROCK JACOB D. BUTZ STEVEN R. HULS PAULINA S. ROJAS LAUCHLIN D. BYRD IV ALFRED E. HUNTER MATTHEW C. ROMOSER MARC W. CALDWELL CHRISTIAN P. HUR JULIAN D. ROSEMOND CORY T. CALLISON ROBERT P. HURST KENNETH K. ROSSMAN CARIN O. CALVIN BRIAN P. HUYSMAN JAMES M. ROWLETT III JOHN F. CAMPBELL CHARLES E. INGOLD, JR. AMY B. ROZNOWSKI SEAN S. CARANO BROGAN C. ISSITT JUSTIN M. SANDERS TRAVIS D. CARLSON DANIEL P. JAKAB KURTIS L. SARGENT DANIEL W. CAROFFINO KELLY M. JOHNSON FRANK A. SAVARESE BRYCE W. CARTER RUSSELL V. JOHNSON IV JONATHAN D. SCHAAFSMA JOSE L. CASTILLO TROY A. JOHNSON BENJAMIN M. SCHNEIDER MARCELO B. CASTRO JASON R. JOHNSTON MARK D. SCHOUTEN JESUS A. CHAPAGARCIA CHRISTOPHER A. JONES JOEL C. SCHUMACHER BENJAMIN J. CHAVEZ JACOB M. JONES BRIAN W. SCHWEERS CARLOS CHAVEZ CHRISTOPHER A. JULIAN RAYMOND J. SCOTT, JR. ALLAN S. CHIU CLINTON C. KAPPEL ROBERTO SCRIBNER ROBERT M. CHRISTAFORE, JR. STEPHAN P. KARABIN II SCOTT G. SHADFORTH MICHAEL P. CICCHI MEGHAN A. KENNERLY KEVIN D. SHEPHERD ZACHARY A. COATES CATALINA E. KESLER CHRISTOPHER D. SHORE RYAN B. COHEN DAVID S. KIM THOMAS F. SHORT AMANDA A. COLEMAN SUNGWOOK KIM TODD N. SHUCK MICHAEL T. CONTE DAVID L. KLINGENSMITH ROBERT E. SHUFORD KEITH S. CRIM, JR. DANIEL P. KNUTSON CHARLES S. SIEDLECKI, JR. DAVID M. DALBY ANDREW J. KONICKI ARLON D. SMITH JASON N. DALE WALKER C. KOURY TIMOTHY J. SMITH JEREMY H. DAVIS SASHA J. KUHLOW MICHAEL SMYCZYNSKI PHILLIP B. DAVIS TIMOTHY J. KUHN DAVID P. SNIPES WILLIAM E. DELEAL II STEPHEN R. KULAS JOHN F. SOTO, JR. JAMES J. DELIA II MATTHEW J. KUTILEK WILLIAM R. SOUCIE CHRISTOPHER J. DENARDO KEVIN R. LAMPINEN CHRISTOPHER J. STARK ARTURO J. DERRYBERRY KENNETH A. LARETTO ERIC N. STARR JARROD A. DEVORE BRYAN E. LEAHY KEVIN J. STEPP GABRIEL L. DIANA HO K. LEE RICHARD J. STINNETT, JR. ERIK S. DICKERSON THOMAS B. LEE ERVIN R. STONE JOSEPH R. DIMAMBRO MATHEW K. LESNOWICZ NATHAN J. STORM JOHN D. DIRK KEVAN D. LEWIS CHRISTOPHER D. STORY TRONG M. DO MICHAEL A. LIGUORI RUSSELL A. STRANGE AIXA R. DONES JOSEPH P. LOGAN THERESA P. STREBEL BRIAN J. DONLON HOWARD L. LONGWELL GEORGE A. SWEETLAND, JR. DAVID J. DONNELL CLARENCE E. LOOMIS, JR. ERIC P. TEE TIMOTHY R. DRIESLEIN NICHOLAS J. LOZAR ANDREW E. TERRELL JASON T. DUKE SERGIO H. LUNA III KHALILAH M. THOMAS TIMOTHY B. EGAN MICHAEL R. LUPIENT RYAN E. THOMPSON JON S. ERSKINE MICHAEL F. LYNCH DANIEL L. THUNEN TODD F. ESLINGER RYAN A. LYNCH ANTHONY A. TILELLI EDWIN A. ESPINET BROCK A. MANTZ AN K. TRUNG ALEXANDER X. ESPINOZA MARK A. MARKLEY CHRISTOPHER S. TSIRLIS CHRISTOPHER Z. ESREY RICHARD D. MARSHALL, JR. THOMAS B. TURNER CAMERON P. EVANS ISAIAH G. MARTINEZ MICHAEL L. VALENTI SALLY A. FALCO JOSHUA J. MAYORAL JEFFERY VANBOURGONDIEN ALEXANDER FARSAAD CHRISTOPHER B. MAYS JOHN E. VAQUERANO CHRISTIAN R. FELDER JOSEPH J. MCMENAMIN DAVID J. VENETTOZZI, JR. TREVOR J. FELTER TAVIS C. MCNAIR JON K. VONSEGGERN DALE R. FENTON FRANK P. MEASE, JR. ANNA M. VOYNE DANIEL S. FIUST JOE M. MEDEROS BRIAN D. VUKELIC GEORGE E. FLEMING ANTHONY M. MERCADO BENJAMIN P. WAGNER JAMES D. FLEMING BENJAMIN M. MIDDENDORF KATHRYN E. WAGNER GREGORY K. FLETCHER WILLIAM F. MILES ETHAN D. WAITE JULIAN X. FLORES SHAWN A. MILLER ROBERT J. WALKER GEORGE J. FLYNN III TIMOTHY M. MILLER STEVEN L. WALKER DAVID W. FORBELL KEVIN A. MISNER WILLIAM R. WALLACE CHRISTOPHER A. FORMAN JON D. MOHLER BRENDAN M. WALSH GARRY L. FRANCIS II MARK L. MONTGOMERY SCOTT W. WARMAN JOSEPH F. FRESHOUR ISAAC D. MOORE PAUL M. WEBBER BENJAMIN M. FRIEDRICK SEAN R. MOORE DANIEL A. WEBER BRADLEY N. FULTZ PATRICK H. MURRAY RYAN P. WELBORN THOMAS D. FUSS DANIEL R. MYERS LIZETTE G. WELCH JOHN L. GALLAGHER IV SUMMER J. NAGY KARL C. WETHE TODD P. GAY FREDERIC R. NEUBERT RONALD WHITE, JR. ALEXANDRA V. GERBRACHT BRANDON H. NEWELL BRAD E. WHITED ROBERT P. GERBRACHT MARK D. NICHOLSON RODNEY G. WILSON THOMAS J. GIBBONS RANDALL L. NICKEL, JR. ARON K. WISHERD FRED GLENCAMP III JAMES W. NOLAN LUCAS M. WOOD JONATHAN C. GLOVER ERIC R. NORTHAM, SR. JAMES M. WOULFE JERRY A. GODFREY CHAD A. OBRIEN SEAN B. WRIGHT CHARLES D. GODWIN, JR. JOSEPH E. OCONNOR MICHAEL D. WYRSCH JASON R. GOODALE MICHAEL J. OGINSKY SHAYNE P. YENZER ALEXANDER E. GOODNO JASON M. ONEIL TAYLOR N. YOUNG MELISSA I. GORDON SANFORD C. ORRICK RICHARD V. YUDT, JR. GEORGE R. GORDY IV PAGE C. PAYNE JAY M. ZARRA BRANDON J. GORMAN CLAYTON R. PENTON DAVID Z. ZARTMAN MATTHEW J. GRABOWSKI BRECK L. PERRY MANUEL O. ZEPEDA ANDREW J. GRAHAM DOUGLAS K. PETERSON CARL L. ZEPPEGNO

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