Struggles of Inequality in the Neoliberal World By Cheryl Sanders What is Social Inequality? The of valuable material and symbolic resources, status and power that are decisive for opportunities and actual -Faist and Bilecen (2014) Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002)

 Emphasized centrality of evaluations of every day life.  Social Constructivist- sees as a social agreement ◦ Beyond standards of individuals ◦ Not preferences but strong evaluations Terminology

 Class Analysis: to obtain a better understanding to the effects of class-based inequalities

and the forms of exploitation enabling the inequalities to be reproduced or sustained.

 Habitus: Unconscious sense of the social world created through upbringing. Everything

we think and do.

 Field: Setting that is organized around specific stakes that all participants pursue.

 Symbolic Power: A kind of power reinforced by authority. The stakes that are pursued

within a field. What is Class?

 Class is an effect that manifests through the operation of many fields.  Two Meanings (Rancière 1999:83) ◦ Governmental Sense ◦ An Operator of  Bourdieu argues class to be a relational concept and social classes only emerge through struggles. ◦ The struggle over rules and resources   Race  Television  Cars • Beverly Skeggs • Pushes Bourdieu’s framework Gender limits using social space approach • “Gentrify people”- to make behaviors more congruent with Neoliberal Principles • Academia success is determined by the financial investors • Women are the minority in the science enterprise (Karatas-özkan and Chell) • Role models and mentor figures are significant for women • Age of securing new jobs, specifically women’s bodies viewed as less attractive as they age. Race

• Color-blind racial discourses that influence neoliberal urban redevelopment policies and practices. • Case Study: Chester, Pennsylvania, population: 36,000

• Urban redevelopment policies rarely deliver! • Sociospatial inequality • Poor communities = Investment Incentives The Car

. U.S is the most car dependent nation in the world

. Symbolic of success

. Changing the car system is the key to solving problems

. Climate change

. Urban sprawl

. Public health problems represented by crashes

• Creates compulsory consumption  Privatized Expense ◦ Retail  Loan financing  Parking costs ◦ Oil Companies  Gasoline  High Risk Technology ◦ Repair  Sealed units  Government access ◦ Fees, taxes, fines  Creates second class status ◦ vehicle inspections ◦ Car loan companies Television

An industry that edits and organizes perception offering visions of the world, classified, portioned and divided -Bourdieu 2011:22

 Neoliberal Media Culture-Class inequalities are made to appear as a consequence of an individual’s choice

 Benefit Streets, most popular and profitable program in Britain in 2014 Bibliography  Faist, Thomas; Bilecen, Başak (2014) Social Inequalities Through the Lens of Social Protection: Notes on the Transnational Social Question. Population, Space and Place Vol 21 p.282-293  Flemmen, Magne (2013) Putting Bourdieu to Work for Class Analysis: Reflections on Some Recent Contributions. The British Journal of Vol 64 (2) p.325-343  Karatas-özkan, Mine; Chell, Elizabeth (2015) Gender Inequalities in Academic and Enterprise: A Bourdieuian Analysis. British Journal of Management Vol 26 p.109-125  Kelan, Elisabeth (2014) From Biological Clocks to Unspeakable Inequalities: The Intersectional Positioning of Young Professionals. British Journal of Management Vol 25 p. 790-804  Lutz, Catherine (2014) The U.S. Car Colossus and the Production of inequality. American Ethnologist Vol 42 (2) p.232-245  Mele, Christopher (2013) , Race and the Redefining of Urban Redevelopment. International Journal of Urban and Regional Vol 37.2 p.598-617  Pellandini-Simányi, Léna (2014) Bourdieu, Ethics and Symbolic Power. The Sociological Review Vol 62 p.651-674  Tyler, Imogen (2015) Classificatory Struggles: Class, Culture, and Inequality in Neoliberal Times. The Sociological Review Vol 63 p.493-511  www.historylearningsite.co.uk/sociology/-and-sociology/pierrebourdieu picture of Bourdieu  www.livescience.come/37087-dsm-gender-dysphoria.html picture of gender  www.zombdrive.com/mercedes-benz picture of car dealership  www.kullabs,com/class-miscellaneous-subject/miscellaneous-topic/socialinequalities picture of broken down car