Overcoming the multiple dimensions of social inequality represents a key challenge to sustainable development Leaving no one behind implies turning a spotlight on the gaps between different population groups and areas of residence

Latin America: poverty and extreme poverty by area of residence Latin America (9 countries): mean monthly labour income, employees aged 15 years and selected sociodemographic characteristics, 2017 and older, by sex, race, ethnicity and years of schooling, national totals, around 2015 (Constant 2010 dollars at purchasing power parity) 20.4 Rural 46.4 A. Nine countries, by ethnicity (indigenous or non-indigenous) B. Four countries, by race (Afrodescendent or non-Afrodescendent)

Area 7.8 Urban 26.3 1 600 1 800 10.3 Women (20–59 years) 30.7 1 400 1 600 Sex Men (20–59 years) 10.1 29.7 1 400 1 200 4.7 65 years or older 15.0 1 200 1 000 8.3 35–44 years 27.2 1 000 groups) 800 17.3 Age (selected 0–14 years 46.0 800 600 Non-indigenous, non- 9.9 600 Afrodescendent populations 27.8

race 19.1 400 Indigenous 400 Ethnicity/ 51.0 10.3 200 200 Inactive 29.6 17.2 0 0 Unemployed 41.9 0-3 years 4-7 years 8-11 years 12 years and over 0-3 years 4-7 years 8-11 years 12 years and over status Extreme poverty

Employment 5.7 Employed Years of schooling Years of schooling 20.9 Poverty Non-indigenous men Non-indigenous women Non-Afrodescendent men Non-Afrodescendent women 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Indigenous men Indigenous women Afrodescendent men Afrodescendent women

Trilogy of Equality, Horizons 2030 Social inequality matrix and the Ineficiency of Inequality Structuring axes Areas of rights affected

• Produtivity matrix (structural heterogeneity) • Socioeconomic level • Income and culture of privilege • Gender • Work and employment • Concept of equality: • Race and ethnicity • Social protection and care • Equality of means (income and (indigenous and • Education productive resources) Afrodescendent) • Health and nutrition • Equal rights • Age (life cycle) • Basic services (water, • Equality of capabilities • Territory electricity, housing) • Autonomy and reciprocal recognition • Participation and decision-making

The inefficiency of inequality: malnutrition not only affects those who suffer this scourge, society as a whole pays the bill. Child undernutrition represented losses of US$ 11 billion, or about 4.6% of aggregate GDP in 11 countries of the region between 2004 and 2005.

The social Inclusive social Linkages between the social

development and production spheres inequality matrix The next generation of policies for overcoming poverty and Gaps, pillars and challenges in Latin America reducing inequality in Towards a regional agenda Latin America and for inclusive social development the Caribbean Bases and initial proposal 2018 Social Panorama of Latin America and reducing inequality in Latin America the Caribbean Inclusive social development: the next generation of policies for overcoming poverty Linkages between the social and production spheres: gaps, pillars challenges

2015 Second session of the Regional Conference Regional Conference First meeting of the Presiding Officers on Social Development on Social Development of the Regional Conference on Social Development in Latin America and the Caribbean in Latin America and the Caribbean in Latin America and the Caribbean Lima, 2-4 November 2015 Montevideo, 25-27 October 2017 Santo Domingo, 1 November 2016

https://www.cepal.org/en/work-areas/social-development