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Ecosystem Approach Towards Qualitative Assessment of Urban Open Space in Ramna

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Ecosystem Approach Towards Qualitative Assessment of Urban Open Space in Ramna Ecosystem Approach towards Qualitative Assessment of Urban Open Space in Ramna - . "'" .~~ ''r ~ ~ ,- , . -"" " .' . - ,.~. '. -~~" by SHABAB RAIHAN KABIR Roll No. 040201008P Master of Architecture • Department of Arcbitecture Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka, Bangladesh .' ' Department of Architecture Bangladesh University ufEngincering and Technology, Dhaka-10DO, Bangladesh , The thesis entitled "Eco-System App,"osch Towards Qualitative Assessment of , Urban Open Space in Ramna" submitted by Shabab Ralhan Kabir Roll No. ! 040201008P; Session: Apn! 2002, is acceptable in partlal fulfilment of the requirement , for the degree ofMnster of A,"chitecWI"Con this day, 27 June 2009, <. BOARDofEXANUNERS C2 . I. Dr. Qazi i\z zul Mowla- Chairman Professor, Dcpartlll~llt of Architecture, DUET, DhRka 2. Prof. Md. Khllirul Enam Member Professor, Department of Architecture, ~'-. BUET, Dhaka ,' , @~JJ~~ 3, Pl'of, Shaheda Hahman Member (Ex-Officio) Professor and Head Department of Architecture, I, BUET,Dhaka 'I 4. D,",Anirballl\1ostafa Member (External) Associate Professor • Architecture Discipiline f Khulna University, Khulna Candidate's Deda •.••liQIl: It is hereby declared that this thesis entirely or any part of It has not been submitted else where for I the award orany degree or diploma. 1-~, Shabab R.ihan Koobi. ,~ Roll No. 04020100RP D.partm •..••t of An:hitectll '" BUET, BanW"des" ••• II • • Dedicated ToMy Father llfId Mother Shamsul Kabir, Rokeya Akhter & to the young ..... who hold in their hands the shape of tomorrow. , 1 Acknowledgements [All praises to Almighty Allah, mOSIKind and Merciful] lboseto whom J am indebted are legio~. To lis/any is to risk omitting many. They are students and teachers, writers and scientists, architects, planners and engineers colleagues and clients, family and fHe~ds, Many will recognize i~ these writings some personal contribulion fur this, and to them, I am grateful. The creative gnidance and work of Professor Dr. Qazi Azizul Mowla, Professor Khaleda Rashid and Professor Md. ShamsuJ Kabir have been so telling, however, that they must be singled out for special thanks. Sbabab Ralhan Kablr Roll No. 040201008P Department of AubltectuR DUET, Bangladesb 2 • I Table of Contents: Title Certificate Dedication Acknowledgement Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviation Abstract Introduction L I Background ofthe Study 1.2 Objective oftbe Study 1.3 Rationale oftbe Study 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Method of the Study 1.6 Organization of the Study I CbapurII Literature Review 2.\ Qualitative Study and the Evaluation Criteria for Ecosystem of Urban Open Spaces 2.2 Review oftbe Plamting Concepts Effecting Urban Open Spaces 2.3 Ecological Footprint and TheoT)' of Partitioned Matrix 2.4 The Environmental Crisis -Need of Sustainable Open Space 2.5 Research Fmrnework I ChapterIU Dhllka and the Study Site 3.1 Histurical Evaluation ofRamna Area 3.2 Ramna, tbe Study Area 3.3 Open Space system in Dhaka 3 3.4 Ramna According to the Checklist for Sustainability 3.5 Summary I Chapter IV Qualitative Assessment ofRamna's Urban Open Space based on Quantitative Parameter 4.1 QUlII1titativeindicator of open space situation: 4.2 An Urban Ecology checklist of Rmrma: 4.3 Eco Foot Print oflbe Ramna Study Area: 4.4 C1eo-Climate ofRamna 4.5 Srnnmary: I Chapter V Qualitative Analysis and Synthesis ofRamna's Urban Opea Space 5.1 The Challenge and the Goal 5.2 Attractiveness ofRarnna 5.3 Accessibility toRamna 5.4 Findings from Lab 01, 02 & 03 5.5 Eco footprint ofRamna Area 5.6 Summary I Chapter VI Discnssioas and Recommendations 6.1 Discussions 6.2 Summary of findings 6.3 Recommendation 6.4 Conclusinn Refereaces Annexure Annexure 01: The past Trend of Growth and Metamorphosis of Urban Dhaka Annexure 02: Questionnaire Annexure 03: Public Concern and Action Annexure 04: Ecological Footprint: An area based indicators ofsustalnability AMexlIn' 05: Lost Species Annexure 06: The Open Space Conservlltion Planning 4 List ofFignres: Fig: I.l: Srudy Labomtol'y Loop in the Study Area. Fig: 1.1: Lab Loop. Fig: 21: CoJwepIofSustaimbility. Fig: 3.1: Map of Dbaka 1924 Fis: 3.2: Show, !he periodical encro!dnn..,t in the RamnaArea by built SlIIIClUreS. Fig: 3.3: Satellite View ofRanma Area, 2007. Fig: 3.4: Map ofRamna Thana. Fig: 3.5: Map ofRamna Thana of Dhaka and lbe blow up view ofthe ,tudy area. Fig: 3.6: GIS Map of Ward no. 56 & 57. Fig: 3.7: Proposed layout ofRamna Park, 2006, prepared by Dcplll1ment of An;hitecture. GOB. Fig: 3.11:RCC chairs and CC pedestrian walk ways ofRamna Park. Fig; 3.9: Pcdestri"" polk and benches create IICSlhcticalbeauty of the Park. Fig: 3.10: Satelliteview ofRamna Par-kand Suhmwardy Uddyan, 2007 (source: Google EMh). Fig: 3.11: Map show, Parks and Lakes of Dhaka. Fig; 4.1: Deslruction of Vegetation in the Suhrawardi Uddyan. Fig: 4.2: Children play io lbel""e wauo-. Fig; 4.3: Con=te Piles to prole<t orosi"" ofooil, Ramm Lake. F"tg:4.4: Lake Water;' JX>1lu!crbythe """,ber men. Fig: 4.5: Water Pollution by _ materials !IIRamna. Fig: 4.6: View ofpoUuted water ofmc pond near Kali TlIJ1Iple. Fig: 4.7: No grO$ grows under-mc Baku! Tree at Ramna Part<. Fig: 4.8: Deep Shadow aIoothe CIlUSCofnagass. Fig. 4.9: Big Bints ••.• still ••••• flyingoverthe Ramo.Area Fig: 4.10: Jack Fruit and Banana trees, beside !he lake of Ramn •. Fig: 4.11: Dry up portion oflbe La>:owh••.• living specie, of water are lost. Ftg: 4.12: White ani made hahital in m<e. Fig: 4.13: Different built structu •.•• 01Ramna which actually destroy the hab1tat of organism. Fig: 4.14: Dry Leave, are collected by the poor poople for cooking fueL Fig: 4.15: Waste Materials (Poly bogs) are st<=;I beside the lake. Fig: 4.16; Collection of dry leaves and olher waste material,. Fig: 4.17: aeneral .ile profile: Logging station Hare Road. Fig: 4.18: General ';Ie profile: Logging station Ranma Park inside. Fig: 4.19: General sile profile: Loggiog station Curzon Hall. Fig: 4.20: General site profile: Loggiog station Abdul GaIli mad. Fig: 4.21: Fi.ld Result AiTtempcrature in Ramna Area Fig: 4.22: Field Rt<ault:Relative Humidity in the Ramo. Area. 5 ., Fig: 4.23: ShowIng the lemperlltun: variltiOJlSa100gthe day in between two 1'lIrb. Pork A~ with meWwn si"" trees, Pork C~ with lorge shading trees. Fig: 424: Showing the RELA nYE HUMIDITY variati""" in between three Park Cenrr.". Fig. 5.1 Ram". rotNoon. Fig: 52 First day ofBerlgali year: Shahb"ll Area. Fig. 5.3 First day of Beogali Y""'" front roM of Ramn. Park. fig. 5.4 CnllUnll progt3Jt1mes ore perfonned under this Asok!fee in every year during the first day Bengali year. Fig: 5.5: Billbouds near Dhaka Club standsj"" like a wall and get more ernphl!sis in Dhaka's urban eovironment than other e1emenls. Fig: 5.6: Billboards obstruct view of!he RaItlna park. fig: 5.7: Electrical line, of DESA over the ground. Fig: 5.8: Traslt and garbage foand in !he I'lrk. Fig: 5.9: GarbBgebays are keeping left ove:rthe fooIpalh. Fig: 5.J(}:Repair W"",nc<ds~. rig: 5.11: fOlllp8lh in front of&ngla Academy. ttg; 5.12: Boundary wall of Shishu Park. Fig: 5.13: FOOIpfIlhinfront ofP.W.D. office_ fig: 5.14, Enclosure 1= Suhmwardi Uddan, SJ!8C"definedwilh "",,1= orwilhoul eJIclOSlremakes differem taste. Fig. 5.15 Ramo. atmorning; p<qJ1. do ~r lq!UIar phy,ical exercise. Fig: 5.16: Youngpeople lake =t..-.J gossip in front of1he lnslinIle offiOll Arts. Fig: 5.17: Cityscapewith colours. Fig: 5.18: Roods and fOOlpfllhlay<JuttilDU. Fig: 5.19: Ariol view /Tom•.comernear Captain Monsur Ali Rood. r<g; 5.20: Shows difm-ent activities by blo<:kingfuotpoIb. Fig: 5.21: ShowingLabOl, 02, 03 in RantnaArea FIg: 5.22: Open Plaza in front of!he CentrIIl Shahid Minar. Fig: 523: Level ohanges ore fo""d at the PllIZIIof Central Shahid Minar. Fig: 5,24: Front PJua and Footpfih, Central Shahid Min ••. Fig: 5.25: Spomaneous pubUo.."..,;ti"" beside Centr:alShahid Minar. Fig: 5.26: Sectional Ele.atinn In between the Shollid Minar altar and the SIlIffquarter ofDU Fig: 5.27: Front ufth. entry gote of Dhaka Medio.1 College. Fig: 5.18: Road, Footpath and unpaved ground in from ufthe Celrn1 Shahid Minar. Fig: 5.29: GIS Area map ofCentrIIl Shahid Minar and the adjacent area. Fig: 5.30, Approach road 10WllnisCentral Shahid Minar area from TSC IUIdJogonnatb Holl ufDU : GIS Area map. Fig: 5.31; Satellite view of the Central Shahid Min••. ar= Fig: 5.32: Sectional Ele••.tinn near Tin Net •• Mazar (Tomb of three Leaders). Fig: 5.33: Tin NetaT Maj••. (Tomb ofthre< Leaders), a huge RCC stnleture heavily prolect"Cl by ,teel fence. 6 Fig: 5.34: Preserved Dhaka Gate near Docl Chllll3r, Fig: 5.35: Sectional Ele.auOII near Doel Chattar (DocJ Roundabout), Fig: 5.36: Dod Chattar Area, Science Anne!<Building, lIIldSwimming Comoplex ofDU: GIS A•.•• map. Fig: 5.37: Sectional ElevOlion n•••. Doel Chatlar (DoeJ Roundabout). Fig: 538: The Teacher!; Studenrs Center and the from plaza of die building. Fig: 5.39: BMgla Academy Area tcwards TSC orDU: Gi. Mea map. Fig: SAO: Scolpture in front ofTSC, DU acts as a node point. Fig: SAl: Sectional ElC\'annn nfTSC Arca, Dhaka Uni•••.• ity. Fig: 5,42: Street art in !be from boundary wall of Art InstilUle enricbed the space. Fig: 5,43: Open spa"" made !he set back of the NatiOTlllIMuseum Building. Fig: 5.44: Huge Space in betweon BSMMU Hospital & BIRDEM H"'pital uoed as die main orteriaI road of Dbaka. Fig: 5.45: Rood in betwt'e1l the Mu••••m & !be Hospital di.,ded by too many islands.
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