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Refining Tourists' Place Experience Through Placemaking: a Case Study

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Refining Tourists' Place Experience Through Placemaking: a Case Study REFINING TOURISTS’ PLACE EXPERIENCE THROUGH PLACEMAKING: A CASE STUDY OF DHAKA by Sharmin Afroz Shumi MASTER OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Department of Urban and Regional Planning Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka February 2011 REFINING TOURISTS’ PLACE EXPERIENCE THROUGH PLACEMAKING: A CASE STUDY OF DHAKA Submitted by SHARMIN AFROZ SHUMI Roll 040515048, Session April 2005 A thesis submitted to the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban and Regional Planning by course and thesis. DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DHAKA, BANGLADESH February 2011 Dedicated to My loving husband Sirajul Amin & My son Ruslan Riasatal Amin My daughter Ludmila Arishah Amin ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful. My deepest gratitude is to Almighty Allah for granting me the opportunity to complete the thesis. Alhamdulillah. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to a number of people for their contribution in assisting and guiding me to complete this thesis. In particular, to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Roxana Hafiz, Professor, Department of urban and Regional Planning, Dean, Faculty of Architecture & Urban and Regional Planning, BUET for her guidance, encouragement and motivation. Without her support it would have been difficult for me to come to this stage. I would like to show my gratitude to Dr. Sarwar Jahan, Professor and Head of the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, BUET, for cooperation and support during the research. Heartfelt thanks to Dr. Ishrat Jahan, Associate Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, BUET, for her valuable recommendation about the thesis. I am also very appreciative to all the teachers of the department for their guidance and advices during the course of my study. Thanks to my external examiner Dr. Abu Syeed M. Ahmed, Department of Architecture, University of Asia Pacific. I am also thankful for the cooperation and assistance on different stages of academic procedure extended by the staffs of the Department of URP and DAERS, BUET. Thanks to all government and non-government agencies specially RAJUK, Dhaka City Corporation, Immigration Department, Special Branch of Police, tour operators and professionals for their co-operation in data collection and questionnaire survey. I am also grateful to Ria, Tonu, Tazwar, Jashim, Marzina and a number of people for their constant co-operation in the successful completion of this research. I would also like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Afrin, for her cordial assistance throughout the Thesis. I am grateful to my parents whose prayers are always with me and who made me to come this long with their unconditional support and inspiration. Finally, this research would not have been possible without co-operation of my husband Sirajul Amin. My deepest gratitude goes to him for his concern about my study, encouragement, love and never-ending support from near and far. i ABSTRACT Tourist Experience is one of the important aspects in tourism. It is comprised of place experiences, services, travel motivations, interactions among other tourists and locals, cultural back grounds, and many more. The experience created usually determines whether a visit is successful or not. By recognizing and managing positive and negative attributes in physical environments, designers can continually update their understanding of tourists’ expectation, and seek new ways of shaping places for visitors that maximize positive experience. Tourist-satisfaction has much to do with how well a place meets visitor expectations and then exceeds them, approaching an ideal state. This research is embarked to form early ground works towards refining tourists’ place experience in Dhaka by enhancing place character through place making. This study is necessary to assist urban designers and tourism planners in determining the most appropriate refinement strategies for tourist attraction spots of the city. It also can influence the policy makers to take initiative to create an enjoyable city of Dhaka both for tourists and its Residents. In this study, evaluation of place experience is conducted on tourists that visit Dhaka. Place characters that have significant roles in creating a quality experience are also identified. Model of Attitude Measurement (MAM) is used to assess the differences and gaps between expectations with actual experience, in relation to the place characters evaluated. The study also analyses tourist segments and typologies as well as tourist routes in Dhaka. Results of this study reveal that Dhaka possesses all of the criteria that can generate a positive place experience if some appropriate measures can be taken. Their overall tourist experiences are also positive. Therefore, from this positive place experience, existing place characters can be enhanced in order to produce a more refined tourist’s place experience in future. Some strategies to refine place characters of Dhaka to refine the experience of tourists have also been recommended in the document. ii Table of contents Page Acknowledgement i Abstract ii Table of Contents iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii List of Abbreviation ix Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................... 1-5 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Objectives with Specific Aims 4 1.4 Rationale of the Study 5 1.5 Possible Outcomes of the Study 5 Chapter 2: Research Methodology ..................................................................... 6-17 2.1 Nature of research 6 2.2 Scopes of Research 6 2.3 Theoretical Propositions of the Study 7 2.4 Study Period 7 2.5 Research Method 7 2.5.1 Literature Review 8 2.5.2 Selection of the Study Area 8 2.5.3 Data Collection 8 2.5.4 Population 9 2.5.5 Sampling 10 2.5.6 Survey Instrument 11 2.5.7 Analysis and Recommendations 14 2.5.8 Organization of the Research 15 2.6 Limitation of the Study 16 Chapter 3: Literature Review .......………………………………………….. 19-30 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Travel Motivation 19 3.3 Place 19 3.3.1 Concepts of Place 20 3.4 Place Experience 21 3.4.1 Types of Place Experience 21 3.5 Placemaking 22 3.5.1 Criteria for Making Better Settings through Placemaking 22 3.6 Tourist Experience 24 3.6.1 Type of Tourists 24 3.6.2 Concepts of Tourist Experience 25 3.6.3 Process of Tourist Experience 26 3.6.4 Tourist Experience in Urban Area 28 3.7 Model of Attitude Measurement 28 3.7.1 The Study’s Working Model 29 iii Chapter 4: Placemaking around the World ……………………………….. 31-44 4.1 Introduction 31 4.2 Paris, France 31 4.3 Camden HighStreet, London, England 33 4.4 Las Ramblas , Barcelona , Spain 34 4.5 Bahnhofstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland 35 4.6 Acland, Melbourne, Australia 35 4.7 United Arab Emirates 36 4.8 Kuala lumpur, Malaysia 37 4.9 Dhaka , Bangladesh 39 4.9.1 Outcome of the restoration project 42 Chapter 5: Place Character of Dhaka………………………………………. 45-62 5.1 Introduction 45 5.2 Dhaka City as a Place 45 5.2.1 Image and Identity of Dhaka 46 5.2.2 Spatial Characteristics of Dhaka 47 5.2.3 Place Experience in Dhaka 50 5.3 Tourism Products of Dhaka 55 5.4 Tourist Experience in Dhaka 56 Chapter 6: Data Analysis …………………………………………... 63-93 6.1 Introduction 63 6.2 Survey on Tour Operators 63 6.2.1 Most Popular Tourist Route in Dhaka 64 6.2.2 Popular Places for Tourist in Dhaka 65 6.2.3 Tourist Demographics according to the Tour Operators 68 6.2.4 Safety Measures Taken by the Operators 69 6.2.5 Number of English Speaking guide 69 6.2.6 Recommendations of the Tour Operators 69 6.3 Survey on City Dwellers 69 6.3.1 Profile of the Interviewers 69 6.3.2 Leisure Activity of the City Dwellers 70 6.3.3 Mode of Transport Getting around Dhaka city 71 6.3.4 Travel Experience in Abroad 72 6.3.5 Places in Dhaka for Spending Time 72 6.3.6 Recommendations by City Dwellers 76 6.4 Survey on Tourists 77 6.4.1 Tourist Profile 77 6.4.2 Preferred Places by the Foreign Tourist in Dhaka 82 6.4.3 Place Experience Analysis 85 6.4.4 Analysis of Place Characters Using MAM 88 6.4.5 Gap Analysis 89 6.4.6 Analysis of Overall Tourist Experience 90 6.4.7 Evaluation of Tourist Experiences in Dhaka 92 6.4.8 Significant Findings of the Tourist Survey 93 iv Chapter 7: Strategies to Improve and Increase Tourists’ Visits in Dhaka by Integrating Urban Planning with Urban Design and Development…….. 94-123 7.1 Introduction 94 7.2 Strategies to create great public places in Dhaka 94 7.2.1 Determining the character of the public spaces 94 7.2.2 Public Goals should be the Primary Objective 95 7.2.3 Building on Existing Assets and Context 95 7.2.4 Creating Multiple-use Destinations 96 7.2.5 Connecting the Destinations 97 7.2.6 Maximizing Opportunities for Public Access 98 7.2.7 Balancing Environmental Benefits with Human Needs 98 7.2.8 Making Big Changes through Small Steps 99 7.3 Placemaking through Better settings 100 7.4 Refining Tourists’ Place experience 132 7.5 Recommendations for Future Research 134 7.6 Conclusion 134 References ………………………………………………………………. 135-141 Appendices ………………………………………………………………. 142-155 Appendix I : Questionnaire Appendix II : List of 100 Tourist Attraction Spots Selected by Parjatan Corporation Appendix III : List of Tour Operators Appendix IV : List of 10 Selected Tour Operators v List of Tables Table 3.1 : Concepts of Place 20 Table 3.2 : Concepts of Tourist Experience 26 Table 3.3 : Factors to consider in evaluating
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