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Tesis 136 Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia -CD 582.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS CARRERA DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA TEMA: “EVALUACIÓN DE LA PREFERENCIA DE CONSUMO DE LEGUMINOSAS ARBÓREAS CON POTENCIAL FORRAJERO EN RUMIANTES MENORES”. Documento Final del Proyecto de Investigación como requisito para obtener el grado de Médico Veterinario Zootecnista Autor: Mayra Cecilia Tituaña Pulluquitín Tutor: Ing. Mg. Gonzalo Aragadvay Ambato – Tungurahua – Ecuador 2018 DECLARACIÓN DE ORIGINALIDAD Yo, MAYRA CECILIA TITUAÑA PULLUQUITÍN, portador de cédula de identidad número: 1804552097, libre y voluntariamente declaro que el trabajo de investigación titulado: “EVALUACIÓN DE LA PREFERENCIA DE CONSUMO DE LEGUMINOSAS ARBÓREAS CON POTENCIAL FORRAJERO EN RUMIANTES MENORES” es original, auténtico y personal. En tal virtud, declaro que el contenido será mi sola responsabilidad legal y académica, excepto donde se indican las fuentes de información consultadas. Mayra Cecilia Tituaña Pulluquitín C.C: 1804552097 ii DERECHO DE AUTOR Al presentar este Informe Final del proyecto de investigación titulado “EVALUACIÓN DE LA PREFERENCIA DE CONSUMO DE LEGUMINOSAS ARBÓREAS CON POTENCIAL FORRAJERO EN RUMIANTES MENORES” como uno de los requisitos previos para la obtención del título de Tercer Nivel en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, autorizo a la Biblioteca de la Facultad, para que haga de esta tesis un documento disponible para su lectura, según las normas de la Universidad. Mayra Cecilia Tituaña Pulluquitín C.C: 1804552097 iii iv AGRADECIMIENTO DEJO CONSTANCIA DE MI AGRADECIMIENTO A MIS PADRES POR EL APOYO INCONDICIONAL, POR LAS ENSEÑANZAS QUE ME BRINDAN PARA CONTINUAR Y NO DEJARME VENCER, CAMINAR, SUPERARME Y SER UNA EXCELENTE PROFESIONAL. A ESTA PRESTIGIOSA INSTITUCIÓN POR RECIBIRME EN SUS AULAS Y A TODOS LOS QUE FORMARON PARTE DE MI DESARROLLO ACADÉMICO DE MANERA ESPECIAL A LA ING. VERÓNICA RIVERA Y AL ING. GONZALO ARAGADVAY QUIENES FUERON MIS TUTORES, A MIS ASESORES: ING. MARCOS BARROS RODRÍGUEZ, PhD. E ING. RICARDO GUERRERO POR EL APOYO, PACIENCIA Y APORTE CIENTÍFICO BRINDADO DURANTE EL DESARROLLO DEL PROYECTO INVESTIGATIVO. v DEDICATORIA CON TODO AFECTO Y CARIÑO DEDICADO PARA TODOS LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ESTA NOBLE INSTITUCIÓN, QUIENES SOMOS EL PRESENTE Y FUTURO. ESPERO QUE ESTE PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN SIRVA COMO UN APORTE MÁS A LA EDUCACIÓN COMO UNA FUENTE PARA INSENTIVAR AL SECTOR AGROPECUARIO A FORTALECER NUESTRA PRODUCCIÓN. vi ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS CAPÍTULO I ................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCCIÓN ....................................................................................................... 1 CAPÍTULO II .............................................................................................................. 3 REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA ................................................................................... 3 2.1. ANTECEDENTES INVESTIGATIVOS ...................................................... 3 2.2. CATEGORÍAS FUNDAMENTALES O MARCO CONCEPTUAL ........... 9 2.2.1. Leguminosas arbóreas con potencial forrajero ...................................... 9 2.2.2. Preferencia de consumo de las leguminosas arbóreas.......................... 12 2.2.3. Rumiantes menores. ............................................................................. 13 CAPÍTULO III ........................................................................................................... 20 HIPÓTESIS Y OBJETIVOS ..................................................................................... 20 3.1. HIPÓTESIS ................................................................................................. 20 3.2. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................ 20 3.2.1. Objetivo General .................................................................................. 20 3.2.2. Objetivos Específicos ........................................................................... 20 CAPÍTULO IV ........................................................................................................... 21 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS .................................................................................. 21 4.1. UBICACIÓN DEL EXPERIMENTO ......................................................... 21 4.2. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL LUGAR ......................................................... 21 4.3. EQUIPOS Y MATERIALES ...................................................................... 22 4.3.1. Equipos ................................................................................................. 22 4.3.2. Materiales de Campo............................................................................ 22 4.3.3. Materiales de Oficina ........................................................................... 22 4.3.4. Semovientes ......................................................................................... 22 4.4. FACTORES EN ESTUDIO ........................................................................ 23 vii 4.5. TRATAMIENTOS ...................................................................................... 23 4.6. DISEÑO EXPERIMENTAL ....................................................................... 24 4.7. VARIABLES RESPUESTAS ..................................................................... 24 4.7.1. Leguminosas arbóreas .......................................................................... 24 4.7.2. Consumo de alimento en rumiantes menores....................................... 25 4.7.3. Comparación de consumo en rumiantes menores. ............................... 28 4.8. PROCESAMIENTO DE INFORMACION ................................................ 28 CAPÍTULO V ............................................................................................................ 29 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................... 29 5.1. Consumo voluntario en ovinos. ................................................................... 29 5.1.1. Primera fase ................................................................................................. 29 5.1.2. Segunda fase ................................................................................................ 31 5.2. Consumo voluntario en caprinos ................................................................. 32 5.2.1. Primera fase ................................................................................................. 32 5.2.2. Segunda fase ................................................................................................ 34 5.3. Comparación de consumo en rumiantes menores. ...................................... 35 5.3.1. Primera fase ................................................................................................. 35 5.3.2. Segunda fase ................................................................................................ 36 CAPÍTULO VI ........................................................................................................... 37 CONCLUSIONES, BIBLIOGRAFÍA, ANEXOS ..................................................... 37 6.1. CONCLUSIONES ....................................................................................... 37 6.2. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ......................................................................................... 37 6.3. ANEXOS .. .................................................................................................. 46 CAPÍTULO VII ......................................................................................................... 55 PROPUESTA ............................................................................................................. 55 7.1. DATOS INFORMATIVOS ........................................................................ 55 7.2. ANTECEDENTES DE LA PROPUESTA ................................................. 55 viii 7.3. JUSTIFICACIÓN ........................................................................................ 56 7.4. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................ 56 7.4.1. Objetivo General .......................................................................................... 56 7.4.2. Objetivos Específicos ................................................................................... 57 7.5. ANÁLISIS DE FACTIBILIDAD ............................................................... 57 7.6. FUNDAMENTACIÓN ............................................................................... 57 7.7. METODOLOGÍA, MODELO OPERATIVO ............................................. 58 7.8. ADMINISTRACIÓN .................................................................................. 58 7.9. PREVISIÓN DE LA EVALUACIÓN ........................................................ 58 ix ÍNDICE DE TABLAS TABLA 1. CLASIFICACIÓN TAXONÓMICA DE LA OVEJA (Ovis aries) ........ 14 TABLA 2. CLASIFICACIÓN TAXONÓMICA DE LA CABRA (Capra hircus) . 15 TABLA 3. CONDICIONES METEOROLÓGICAS DE LA ZONA ........................ 21 TABLA 4. DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS TRATAMIENTOS. ..................................... 23 TABLA 5. COMPOSICIÓN FITOQUÍMICA DE LAS LEGUMINOSAS ARBÓREAS............................................................................................ 24 TABLA 6. DEGRADABILIDAD IN SITU, DIGESTIBILIDAD APARENTE IN VITRO DE MS Y MO, PARÁMETROS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE GAS IN VITRO (ML/0,5 G MS F) DE LAS
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