Canterbury Naturalised Vascular Plant Checklist
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist JUNE 2007 Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist D.J. Mahon JUNE 2007 Published by Canterbury Conservancy Department of Conservation Private Bag 4715 Christchurch 8140 Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist Cover: Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) Photo: D.J. Mahon © Copyright June 2007 New Zealand Department of Conservation ISBN: 978-0-478-14214-3 ISBN: 978-0-478-14214-0 (PDF) Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist CONTENTS Summary 1 Definition of Canterbury 1 Taxa included in the list 2 Assessment of Canterbury distribution 2 Additional information included in the list 3 Summary statistics 4 Limitations 6 Excluded taxa 7 Canterbury range extensions of fully naturalised taxa 11 Canterbury casual range extensions of taxa fully naturalised in New Zealand 16 Canterbury range extensions of minor and zeta records (casual taxa) 26 Acknowledgements 29 References 29 Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist 31 Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist SUMMARY This checklist presents the naturalised vascular plants of Canterbury (1366 taxa). Taxa were drawn from the New Zealand Naturalised Vascu- lar Plant Checklist (Howell & Sawyer 2006) which includes all adventive taxa published as wild in New Zealand prior to December 2005. The checklist provides citations to the publication of wild status for each taxa and in some cases additional supporting references to herbarium accessions are included. A number of taxa collected wild in Canterbury have not had Canterbury included in their previously published range. This is addressed through the presentation of range extensions for 89 taxa. DEFINITION OF CANTERBURY The definition of Canterbury used in this publication is the traditional Canterbury Land District, as used in the Flora of New Zealand series, shown in Figure 1. This differs from current administrative boundaries. Figure 1. Canterbury land district. Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist 1 TAXA INCLUDED IN THE CHECKLIST The New Zealand Naturalised Vascular Plant Checklist (Howell & Sawyer 2006) provides a list of all vascular plant taxa published as wild in the New Zealand political region prior to December 2005. The checklist is drawn primarily from the Flora of New Zealand series and updates in the New Zealand Journal of Botany, with some 55 taxa from additional publications. All taxa listed in Howell & Sawyer (2006) were assessed for inclusion in this Canterbury checklist, with the adoption of the treatment of Brassica (Brassicaceae) species naturalised in Canterbury by Heenan, Fitzjohn & Dawson (2004), shown in Table 1. TABLE 1. TREATMENT OF BRASSICA (BRASSICACEAE) SPECIES HOWELL & SAWYER HEENAN, FITZJOHN & DAWSON Brassica fruticulosa subsp. mauritanica (Cosson) Maire1 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. juncea Brassica napus L. Brassica napus var napobrassica (L.) Rchb. Brassica napus L. var. napus Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Brassica oleracea L. subsp. oleracea Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC. Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L. Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck1 Brassica oxyrrhina (Cosson) Cosson1 Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt Brassica rapa var. chinensis (L.) Kitam. Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris (L.) Janch. Brassica rapa var. oleifera DC. Brassica tournefortii Gouan Brassica tournefortii Gouan Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel2 Brassica rapa L. var. rapa2 Brassica napus x B. rapa2 Brassica rapa var. chinensis x B. rapa var. oleifera2 Brassica rapa L. var. rapa x B. rapa var. glabra Regel2 1 Taxa not occuring in Canterbury. 2 Additional taxa in this treatment. ASSESSMENT OF CANTERBURY DISTRIBUTION Notes on the distribution of each taxa are included in the publications cited in Howell & Sawyer (2006). These published distributions were used to determine the presence in or absence from Canterbury of each taxa. In cases where the published distribution was unclear or not specific (e.g. “common throughout” (Webb et al. 1988, p524) an herbarium speci- 2 Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist men from the Allan Herbarium (CHR) was sought for confirmation. If a specimen was found to confirm presence in Canterbury an accession number is cited. If no specimen could be found the taxa was excluded from the Canterbury checklist and appears in the list of excluded taxa. Taxa whose published distributions did not include Canterbury were checked against the Allan Herbarium database (as at April 2007) and Naturalised Vascular Plants on Banks Peninsula (Wilson 1999). Data in the Allan Herbarium database is incomplete and Wilson (1999) did not pro- vide substantiating accession numbers. Allan herbarium specimens were sought for taxa indicated as being wild in Canterbury by the database or Wilson (1999). This resulted in 89 taxa, with previously published distributions not including Canterbury, confirmed as wild in Canterbury. Range extensions for these taxa are included in this publication, and provided as additional citations in the checklist. The range extensions are presented in three parts, sorted by naturalised status in Canterbury and New Zealand: Fully naturalised (18 taxa); casual in Canterbury but fully naturalised in New Zealand (55 taxa); casual (16 taxa). Reported occurrences that could not be substantiated with herbarium records are presented in the list of excluded taxa. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION INCLUDED IN THE CHECKLIST Taxa are listed alphabetically. Each listing gives details of plant family, growth form, sources and naturalised status in Canterbury. Footnotes pro- vide additional information for some taxa, including the naturalised status elsewhere in New Zealand where this is known to differ from the status in Canterbury; and when the published distribution is entirely within Canterbury (referred to as “occurring only in Canterbury”). Sources are cited as Flora of New Zealand (FNZ) or New Zealand Jour- nal of Botany (NZJB) followed by the volume number in brackets with page number. Other sources are cited in the usual way. Where the taxon name given differs from that in the cited publication the original name is included after the citation. Additional sources cited in some cases are an accession number of a representative substantiating specimen at the Allan Herbarium (CHR), or the page number of the range extension in this publication. The naturalised status of each taxa follows Howell & Sawyer (2006). Taxa are allocated into one of three groups regarding the extent of their establishment in New Zealand: fully naturalised, casual, or eradicated. Fully naturalised taxa form a population self-maintained by seed or veg- etative reproduction, or they occur repeatedly in natural or semi-natural habitats or urban environments (Webb et al. 1988; Howell & Sawyer 2006). Casual taxa passively regenerate only in the immediate vicinity of culti- vated parent plants, or are more widespread but occur only as isolated or few individuals. This includes garden escapes persisting only 2-3 years Canterbury naturalised vascular plant checklist 3 4 SUMMARY STATISTICS Canterbury naturalised vascularplantchecklist TABLE 2. SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR TAXA IN CANTERBURY FULLY TOTAL AS % OF GROWTH FORM CASUAL NATURALISED TOTAL TOTAL IN NZ TOTAL IN NZ Gymnosperm trees and shrubs (GY) 5 20 25 66% 38 Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs (DT) 65 171 236 42% 558 Dicotyledonous lianes (DL) 6 36 42 47% 89 Dicotyledonous herbs - composites (DC) 30 123 153 65% 234(2) Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites (OD) 96 526(1) 622 66% 948(3) Ferns (FE) 2 9 11 28% 39 Lycophytes (L) 1 2 3 50% 6 Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs (MT) — — — — 8 Monocotyledonous Lianes (ML) 2 2 4 57% 7 Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids (MO) — — — — 2 Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses (MG) 16 150 166 58% 285(4) Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges (MS) 2 16 18 42% 43 Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes (MR) 2 22 24 60% 40 Monocotyledonous herbs - other than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes (OM) 16 46 62 44% 142(5) Totals 243 1123 1366 56% 2439 (1) Does not include 2 eradicated taxa. (2) Does not include 1 eradicated taxon. (3) Does not include 2 eradicated taxa. (4) Does not include 1 eradicated taxon. (5) Does not include 2 eradicated taxa. TABLE 3. SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR TAXA OCCURRING ONLY IN CANTERBURY Canterbury naturalised vascularplantchecklist FULLY TOTAL AS % OF TOTAL TOTAL AS % OF GROWTH FORM CASUAL NATURALISED TOTAL IN CANTERBURY TOTAL IN NZ Gymnosperm trees and shrubs (GY) 5 — 5 20% 13% Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs (DT) 30 9 39 17% 7% Dicotyledonous lianes (DL) 1 2 3 7% 3% Dicotyledonous herbs - composites (DC) 14 4 18 12% 8% Dicotyledonous herbs - other than composites (OD) 52 31(1) 84 14% 9% Ferns (FE) — 3 3 27% 8% Lycophytes (L) 1 — 1 33% 17% Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs (MT) — — — — — Monocotyledonous Lianes (ML) — — — — — Monocotyledonous herbs - orchids (MO) — — — — — Monocotyledonous herbs - grasses (MG) 9 9 18 11% 6% Monocotyledonous herbs - sedges (MS) — 1 1 6% 2% Monocotyledonous herbs - rushes (MR) 1 — 1 4% 3% Monocotyledonous herbs - other than orchids, grasses, sedges, rushes (OM) 4 1 5 8% 4% Totals 117 60 177 13% 7% (1) Does not include 1 eradicated taxon. 5 and garden discards persisting vegetatively but not spreading sexually or asexually (Webb et al. 1988; Howell & Sawyer 2006). Eradicated taxa have been established but have subsequently been de- liberately controlled to a point where no plants have been seen in the wild for at least 5 years and