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.CK/.Efv/ -Doc. COMITATO NAZIONALE ENERGIA NUCLEARE HEAVY WATER PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PLANTS (A Bibliography) D. Lavrencic comp, Doc. DAISE(70)8 COMITATO NAZIONALE ENERGIA NUCLEARE HEAVY WATER PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PLANTS (A Bibliography) D. Lavrencic comp. Divisione Affari Internazionali e Studi Economici Servizio Studi Economici Roma, settembre 1970. Index Introduction I. - General II. - Determination and Analyses of Heavy Water III. - Production Processes and Fabrication Plants A. - Processes Description 1. Production Processes 2. Treatment of Degraded Heavy Water B. - Actual Industrial Processes 1. Chemical Exchange 1.1. Bithermal Exchange Between Hydrogen • Sulphide and Water (H2S - HDO) 1.2. Ammonia-Hydrogen Chemical Exchange (NH3-HD) 1. 3. Hydrogen-Water Exchange 2. Distillation 2. 1. Distillation of Hydrogen 2.2. Distillation of Water 3. Electrolysis of Water 4. Potential Processes 4. 1. Chemical Exchange 4.2. Distillation 4.3. Others C. - Production Plants, Projects, Equipment D. - Patents E. - Economics IV. - Heavy Water Reactors V. -Heavy Water Reactors in Nuclear Power Programmes APPENDIX- Deuterium Oxide - Physics and Chemistry Author Index 1 INTRODUCTION This work aims at oulining a status of the heavy water produc­ tion processes and fabrication plants. The main sources of information are the Nuclear Science Abstracts from 1946 to June 1970; the Chem­ ical Abstracts as well as the available bibliographies and status reports from USA, USSR, France, Canada, India, Germany F.R., Italy are also been examined. The bibliography does not include references to survey of bio­ logical effects of deuterium and heavy water. The materials is arranged under the following main items: I. - General: general information, R&D programs, conference, bibliographies etc. II. -Determination and Analyses: various methods for the isotopie analysis of hydrogen, for heavy water production, and for the con­ trol of heavy water in nuclear reactors. III. - Production Processes and Fabrication Plants: A. - Processes Description: 1. Production processes: review of various production methods; 2. Treatment of degraded DQO: decontamination and purifica­ tion processes. B. - Actual Industrial Processes: 1. Chemical exchange: bithermal exchange between hydrogen sulphide and water; ammonia-hydrogen chemical exchange; hydrogen-water exchange; ii 2. Distillation of hydrogen and water; 3. Electrolysis of water; 4. Potential processes: chemical exchange between other sub­ stances than those above mentioned; distillation of ammo­ nia and methane; others (diffusion, adsorption, ion ex­ change, gas-chromatography etc. ); C. - Production Plants, Projects, Equipment: Conceptual studies, conceptual designs, descriptions opera­ tion and equipments of fabrication plants and projects. A sheet of plants and projects ordered by country is also included; D. - Patents: Patents are ordered chronologically by country (in alphabet­ ical order); E. - Economics: Economical aspects and costs of industrial production of consumption and demand of heavy water. IV. - Heavy Water Reactors: a table of research test and power heavy- water-moderated reactors ordered by> country is included.. For the bibliography on this heading, reference is made to'IAEA Heavy Water Reactors Bibliography edited in Jan. 1970 (STI/PUB/21/37). V. -Heavy Water Reactors in Nuclear Power Programs: nuclear strategy studies with heavy water reactors performed in different countries; forecasting of nuclear power based on HWR; heavy water and nuclear fuel requirements for HWR. In Appendix the references on heavy water physics and chemistry are reported. Under each subject heading references are listed from the first to the most recent one. Cross references are listed by the bibliogra­ phy number at the top of each heading. iii Author Index: is also included. Works are written in English language, ^ " \ unless otherwise marked. Aknowledgments The compilator wishes to aknowledge Prof. B.Brigoli of CISE for his helpful discussion, the Servizio Informazioni of Casaccia Center and Miss M. T. Petruzzi in preparing the list of references and the Authors Index. / 1 I. - GENERAL 1. A HYDROGEN ISOTOPE OF MASS 2. Urey H. C. , Brickwedde F. G. Murphy M.Phys.Rev. 39, 164-5, 1932. 2. ORTOHYDROGEN, PARAHYDROGEN, AND HEAVY HYDROGEN. Farkas A-. Cambridge University Press, London 1935. 3. FIAT REVIEW' OF GERMAN SCIENCE. PHYSIC AL CHEMISTRY. 1936-1949. Clusius K. et al. 4. FIAT REVIEW OF GERMAN SCIENCE. Harteck P. 14, 183, 1939- 1946. 5. FIAT REVIEW IF GERMAN SCIENCE. Suess H. F. 30, 19, 1939- 1946. 6. METALLURGICAL PROJECT REPORT. Fermi E., Zinn W.H., Wattenberg A. CP-182 7. June 1944. 7. THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF NUCLEAR POWER, Goodman C.ed Addison Wesley, Cambridge Mass. 1947-48. 8. ATOMIC ENERGY FOR MILITARY PURPOSES. Smythe H.D. Princeton University Press, Princeton N.J. 1948. 2 COMPILATION OF THERMAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN IN ITS VARIOUS ISOTOPE AND ORTO-PARA MODIFICATIONS. Wooley H.W., Scott R. B., Brickwedde F.G. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stds.41, 379-475,1948. 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH ON HEAVY HYDROGEN COM­ POUNDS. Kimball A. H., Urey H. C., Kirshenbaum I. Eds. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1949. (NNES-III-4C) IX.. HEAVY WATER. Barr F.T. AECD-2871, Nov. 23, 1949.Deci. Jan. ' 20, 1950. 12. DEUTERIUM AND HEAVY WATER — PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIO­ LOGICAL ACTION. Bibliography of Published Literature. (AERE, Harwell Berks, UK). AERE-Inf/Bib-60. Feb. 1950. 13. UTILIZATION OF HEAVY WATER. Kirshenbaum I., Murphy G. M., Urey H. C. (Columbia Univ., New York. Substitute Alloy Materials Labs. USA). TID-5226. 1951. Deci. Feb. 27, 1957. (NNES-III-4B). 14. A COMPILATION OF VAPOR PRESSURE DATA OF DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS. Armstrong G.T.NBS Report 23Q6.1953. 15. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR POWER. Benedict M. Industr. and Engng. Chem. 45, No. 11, 2372, 1953. 16. DISSOLVING VELOCITY OF METALS IN DEUTERIO-ELECTRO- • LYTES.Brun.J.Tekn;UkebladlOO, No.4, 59, 1953,. 17. THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS. Morowitz H. J., Brown L. M. (NBS, USA). Jan. 14, 1953. (NBS-2179) 3 18. A REVIEW OF THE PROPERTIES OF DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS. ANNUAL BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1951. Brown L. M., Friedman A. S. (NBS, USA).NBS-2529. Aug. 1, 1953. 19. BIBLIOGRAPHY ON DEUTERIUM SEPARATION METHODS. Drews W.P. NYO-6084.Dec.4, 1953. 20. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY. SERIES IV. TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING.R. Hurst, S. McLain Eds. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1956. 21. SCHWERES WASSER. Kruse E. Orion-Bücher, Murnau 1956. (In German), 22. "ATOMRUNDSCHAU". A REVIEW. Kliefoth W. Atomkernenergie 1, No. 9, 328, 1956. 23. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH ON DEUTERIUM AND TRITIUM COMPOUNDS 1945 TO 1952. Brown L. M., Friedman A. S., Beckett C.W.(NBS, USA)~.NBS-C-562.Jan.27,1956. 24. L'INDUSTRIE DEVANT L'ENERGIE NUCLÉAIRE. Baumgartner R., Bishop A.S.et al. Paris 1957. (p. 237-47) (In French) 2 5. NUCLEAR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Benedict M., Pigford R. McGraw-Hill Co. -, Inc., New York, 1957. A 26.- NUCLEAR FUSION. Kurchatov I. V. Atomizdat, Moscow 1958. (In Russian) ... 4 27. NUCLE AR POWER PLANTS. Petrov P. A. Gosenergoizdat, Moscow 1958. (In Russian) 28. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AROUND THE WORLD. E. L. Piret ed. New York, 1958. 29. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ISOTOPE SEPARATION. Amsterdam, Apr. 1957. Kistemaker J., Bigeleisen J., A. O. C. Nier Eds. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam 1958. 30. A TWO-TEMPERATURE PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF BINARY MIXTURES. Sakodynskii K. I., Babkov S. I., Zhavoronkov N. M. Dokl. Vyssh. Shkoly, Khimiya i -Khim.Tekhnologiya 1, 598, 1958. 31. CHEMICAL EXCHANGE. Augood D.R. Ind. Chem. 34, No.404, 533, 1958. 32. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON HEAVY WATER AND HEAVY WATER REACTORS. Curran A.T. (Babcock and Wilcox Co. Atomic Energy Div., Lynchburg, Va. USA). BAW-47. Feb. 1958. Proceedings of the Second United Nations International Conferen­ ce on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy; Geneva 1958 : 33. HEAVY WATER MODERATED AND COOLED POWER REACTORS. Babcock D.F. 9, P/610 (USA) 34. SEPARATION OF ISOTOPES. Klemm A. Atomwirtschaft 12, No. 9, 341, Sept. 1958. (In German) r 35. SEPARATION OF ISOTOPES: DEUTERIUM AND HEAVY WATER, Brigoli B., Cerrai E. Ed. Istituto di Fisica del Politecnico, Mila­ no 1959. (In Italian) 36. ADVANCED COURSE ON HEAT EXTRACTION FROM BOILING WATER POWER REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED DYNAMIC PROBLEMS. (Pt. II). Netherlands'-Norwegian Reactor School. Kjeiler, Norway. Aug. 1959. (NP- 92 86.) ' • 37. REACTOR HANDBOOK. SECOND EDITION REVISED AND EN- LARGE!). VOLUME I. MATERIALS. Tipton C. R. Jr. New York, Interscience Publishers, Inc. 1960. 38. NEUTRON AGE MEASUREMENTS IN WATER, D20, WATER-ME­ TAL MIXTURES/GRAPHITE, VARIOUS ORGANICS AND ORGANIC- METAL MIXTURES AND SLOWING DOWN PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS MEDIA FOR NEUTRONS. UNCLASSIFIED BIBLIOGRA­ PHY. Chapman M. J. (Atomic International Div. of North American Aviation, Inc., Canoga Park, Calif. USA). NAA-SR-Memo-5546. Aug. 1,1960. 39. HEAVY WATER REACTORS AND THE PROPERTIES, ANALYSIS, HANDLING, AND EFFECTS OF HEAVY WATgR. A BIBLIOGRA­ PHY. Duke D. M. (Babcock and Wilcox Co. Atomic Energy Div., Lynchburg, Va. USA). BAW-1209. Dec. 1960. 40. PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF HEAVY WATER. KUchler L. (Farbwerke Hoechst AG, Frankfurt am Main, W. GERMANY). Chem. Ingr. Tech. 32, 773-81, Dec. 1960. (NP-tr-647) 41. APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL EXCHANGE METHODS TO ISO- TOPIC SEPARATIONS. Drury J. S. (ORNL, Tenn., USA). Progr. in Nuclear Energy, Ser. IV, 4, 308-48, 1961. 6 SEPARATION OF ISOTOPES. H. London ed. G. Newness Ltd., London 1961. ISOTOPE SEPARATION. De Michelis B., Villani S. Politecnico di Milano. Istituto di Fisica. CISE-Segrate. (Milano). Milano 1961. ATOMIC ENGINEERING. TOME IV. NUCLEAR MATERIALS. (Inst. Nat. des Sci. et Tech. Nucl. and Paris Presses Universitäres de France, Vol. 1 and 2. 1961. NUCLEAR FUELS AND MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT. (Division of Reactor Development, USAEC). TID-11295. Feb. 1961. THE HEAVY WATER SYSTEM OF THE PROCESS DEVELOP­ MENT PILE. Dunklee A. E. (Du Pont de Nemours E. I. & Co. Savan­ nah River Lab., Aiken, S. C. USA). DP-567. June 1961. / _ REPORT OF THE COLLOQUIUM ON HEAVY WATER. J. E. N. Madrid, Dec.
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    12 Chemical fact sheets A conceptual framework for Introduction implementing the Guidelines (Chapter 1) (Chapter 2) he background docu- FRAMEWORK FOR SAFE DRINKING-WATER SUPPORTING Tments referred to in INFORMATION this chapter (as the princi- Health-based targets Public health context Microbial aspects pal reference for each fact (Chapter 3) and health outcome (Chapters 7 and 11) sheet) may be found on Water safety plans Chemical aspects (Chapter 4) (Chapters 8 and 12) the Water, Sanitation, Hy- System Management and Radiological Monitoring giene and Health web site assessment communication aspects at http://www.who.int/ (Chapter 9) Acceptability Surveillance water_sanitation_health/ aspects (Chapter 5) dwq/chemicals/en/index. (Chapter 10) html. A complete list of r eferences cited in this Application of the Guidelines in specic circumstances chapter, including the (Chapter 6) background documents Climate change, Emergencies, Rainwater harvesting, Desalination for each c hemical, is pro- systems, Travellers, Planes and vided in Annex 2. ships, etc. 12.1 Chemical contaminants in drinking-water Acrylamide Residual acrylamide monomer occurs in polyacrylamide coagulants used in the treat- ment of drinking-water. In general, the maximum authorized dose of polymer is 1 mg/l. At a monomer content of 0.05%, this corresponds to a maximum theoretical concen- tration of 0.5 µg/l of the monomer in water. Practical concentrations may be lower by a factor of 2–3. This applies to the anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamides, but residual levels from cationic polyacrylamides may be higher. Polyacrylamides are also used as grouting agents in the construction of drinking-water reservoirs and wells.
  • Ijmp.Jor.Br V

    Ijmp.Jor.Br V

    INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P) http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 10, n. 8, Special Edition Seng 2019 ISSN: 2236-269X DOI: 10.14807/ijmp.v10i8.1046 A NEW HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE NUCLEAR HYDROGEN STRUCTURE Relly Victoria Virgil Petrescu IFToMM, Romania E-mail: [email protected] Raffaella Aversa University of Naples, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Antonio Apicella University of Naples, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Taher M. Abu-Lebdeh North Carolina A and T State Univesity, United States E-mail: [email protected] Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu IFToMM, Romania E-mail: [email protected] Submission: 5/3/2019 Accept: 5/20/2019 ABSTRACT In other papers already presented on the structure and dimensions of elemental hydrogen, the elementary particle dynamics was taken into account in order to be able to determine the size of the hydrogen. This new work, one comes back with a new dynamic hypothesis designed to fundamentally change again the dynamic particle size due to the impulse influence of the particle. Until now it has been assumed that the impulse of an elementary particle is equal to the mass of the particle multiplied by its velocity, but in reality, the impulse definition is different, which is derived from the translational kinetic energy in a rapport of its velocity. This produces an additional condensation of matter in its elemental form. Keywords: Particle structure; Impulse; Condensed matter. [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/] Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License 1749 INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P) http://www.ijmp.jor.br v.