Market Update and Fund Review

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Market Update and Fund Review ASSET PRIVATE MY WEALTH MANAGEMENT WEALTH MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MARKET UPDATE AND FUND REVIEW 2019 JUNE Click here for download MARKET BRIEF BY NDB WEALTH Inflation as measured by the CCPI decreased to 3.8% in June 2019 from 5.0% in May 2019, on a year on INFLATION RATE DECLINES year basis. Lower food inflation is the main catalyst driving the overall inflation lower. However, core inflation remained relatively high at 5.8% as at June 2019 (6.2% in May 2019). We expect inflation to be around 4% - 6% in 2019. Sri Lankan Rupee dips marginally for the month of June. The Sri Lankan rupee depreciated by a mere SRI LANKAN RUPEE 0.23% against the US Dollar during the quarter. It also depreciated against the Euro, Japanese Yen and DIPS MARGINALLY the Indian Rupee by 1.44%, 3.09% and 0.39% respectively during the period, while it appreciated by 2.90% against the Sterling Pound. The Central Bank concluded the second issuance of International Sovereign Bond in 2019 in June 2019. The Central Bank continued to be a net buyer of US Dollars in the second quarter of 2019, as total net purchases of US Dollars exceeded USD 138 million for the first five months of 2019. The benchmark 364-day Treasury bill rate decreased sharply by 170 basis points during the second BENCHMARK quarter to 8.70% as at June 2019. The issuance of the second sovereign bond, low credit demand, INTEREST RATE DECLINES improved liquidity in the market and lower global interest rates have been the key factors for the sharp decrease in interest rates. Foreign investors were net sellers of LKR denominated securities during the second quarter of 2019. Approximately LKR 22 billion worth of net selling was recorded within the second three months of 2019, drawing down the foreign holding of LKR denominated securities to 2.6% as at end of June 2019, from 3.1% in March 2019. We expect interest rates to decline in the immediate short term. The two main indices of Colombo Stock Exchange recorded gains in June; after recording losses for five POSITIVE RETURNS consecutive months in 2019. Despite positive returns In June, the All Share Price Index and the S&P SL 20 index have declined by 11.24% and 20.37% respectively, during the first half of 2019. While reducing interest rates are a positive signal to equity markets, continuous foreign selling and weak investor sentiment coupled with political uncertainty may hamper overall returns in the market. We expect the equity market to be range bound in the short term. Indika De Silva Fund Manager EQUITY OUTLOOK Past month Past 12 months Year to Date Performance Performance Performance (1st Jun - 30th Jun 2019) (Jun 2018 - Jun 2019) (1st Jan - 30th Jun 2019) All Share Price Index 1.15% -13.28% -11.24% S&P SL 20 1.08% -26.33% -20.37% MSCI Frontier Markets Index 2.35% 5.23% 12.14% MSCI World Index 6.63% 6.94% 17.38% MSCI Emerging Markets 6.24% 1.21% 10.58% MSCI Asia Ex Japan 6.58% -0.48% 10.70% Source: www.cse.lk and www.msci.com The two main indices of the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE), All Share Price Index (ASPI) and S&P SL 20 Index, recorded gains for the first time in 2019 during the month of June. Significant reductions in interest rates helped bolster positive returns in June 2019. Emerging and frontier market indices recorded significant gains during the month, mainly owing to the decline in interest rates in the US. Lower interest rates in the US would cause US bond yields to drop, enticing investors to consider investments in riskier assets. As a result, despite the lower growth, easy monetary policy has benefited the emerging and frontier markets. Frontier markets and emerging markets grow at a much faster pace than developed markets. However, these markets also carry risks, particularly liquidity risk where markets are small, leading to entry and exit problems if you are invested in these markets. Colombo Stock Exchange Performance 8,000 16,000,000 14,000,000 7,000 12,000,000 6,000 10,000,000 5,000 8,000,000 ASPI / S&P 6,000,000 4,000 Turnover (LKR’000) Turnover 4,000,000 3,000 2,000,000 2,000 Jun - 11 Jun - 12 Jun - 13 Jun - 14 Jun - 15 Jun - 16 Jun - 17 Jun - 18 Jun - 19 Dec - 11 Dec - 12 Dec - 13 Dec - 14 Dec - 15 Dec - 16 Dec - 17 Dec - 18 Turnover S&P ASPI Source: www.cse.lk Jun 2019 Jun 2018 Market PER 8.60 X 10.39 X CSE Market PBV 1.01 X 1.25 X Market DY 3.73% 3.12% Market PER 12.54 X 13.71 X MSCI Frontier Market Market PBV 1.83 X 1.89 X Market DY 4.31% 3.88% Source: www.cse.lk Foreigners remained net sellers of over LKR 700 million in June. Colombo Stock Exchange Jan - Jun 2019 Jan - Jun 2018 Foreign Inflows LKR 23.69 Billion LKR 49.26 Billion Foreign Outflows LKR 30.03 Billion LKR 50.57 Billion Net Foreign Inflows/(Outflows) (LKR 6.34 Billion) (LKR 1.31 Billion) Source: www.cse.lk THE INVESTOR OF TODAY DOES NOT PROFIT FROM YESTERDAY’S GROWTH Warren Buffet FIXED INCOME OUTLOOK INTEREST RATES IN SRI LANKA Since the monetary policy meeting in May the Standing Lending Facility Rate (the rate CBSL lends to commercial banks) and the Standing Deposit Facility Rate (the rate which commercial banks place their excess cash with CBSL) is at 8.50% and 7.50% respectively. Jun 18 Dec 18 May 19 Jun 19 364 Day T-bill 9.39% 11.20% 8.88% 8.70% 5-Year Bond 10.36% 11.56% 9.98% 10.00% 1-Year Finance Company Fixed Deposit Ceiling Rate 12.11% 12.46% 12.79% 12.79% * Gross Rates provided. Net returns earned on Government Securities would vary depending on the individual’s tax bracket while Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Fixed Deposits will be subject to a ¬final WHT of 5% for individuals. AVERAGE LENDING & DEPOSIT RATES YIELD CURVE - LKR TREASURIES Rate% Rate 25 12% 20 11% 15 10% 10 9% 5 8% 0 7% 3 6 12 24 36 48 60 Jul - 11 Jul - 16 Jan - 09 Jan - 14 Jan - 19 Jun - 09 Jun - 14 Jun - 19 Oct - 12 Oct - 17 Apr - 10 Apr - 15 Feb - 11 Feb - 16 Feb Sep - 10 Sep - 15 Mar - 13 Mar - 18 Dec - 11 Dec - 16 Aug - 13 Aug - 18 Nov - 09 Nov - 14 Nov May - 12 May - 17 Time to Maturity AWDR (%) AWFDR (%) AWLR (%) AWPR (%) Jun-18 Jun -19 Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka AWDR: Average Weighted Deposit Rate | AWFDR: Average Weighted Fixed Deposit Rate | AWLR: Average Weighted Lending Rate | AWPR: Average Weighted Prime Lending rate Treasury Bill rates decreased across the board with the benchmark 364-day T-Bill rate falling to 8.70% and the 91-day and 182-day T-Bill closing the month at 8.24% and 8.49% respectively. Broad money (M2b) growth slowed to 9.00% year-on-year in April, from the previous month’s 9.80% whilst credit extended to the private sector slowed considerably to 9.90% year-on-year from 11.30% in March. During the month private sector credit disbursements were down significantly by LKR 43.40 Bn. (-0.8% m-o-m). This was the largest decline seen in loans to private borrowers in recent history. All commercial banks reduced their fixed deposit rates in July following the revision of the deposit ceiling rates effective July1st. effective of thedepositceilingrates therevision inJulyfollowing depositrates banksreducedtheirfixed All commercial billion. 18.4 LKR sellers amountingto remainednet foreigners basistoo securities.Onayear-to-date sellingoutoflocalgovernment investors 2.67%,withforeign amarginalLKR25millioninJuneto by however falling securitiesdeclinedfurther, holdingofgovernment Foreign COMB SAMP NDB HNB NSB 1 Year FD Rates –SriLankanBanks FDRates 1 Year LKR Bn. 100 200 300 400 500 0 Jan - 15 456 453 456 Apr - 15 459 450 Domestic (Bills&Bonds) 433 Jul 2019 Jul - 15 401 9.83% 9.83% 9.83% 9.00% 9.83% LKR 5,333Billion 375 LKR 918Billion T Bills(Total) 333 Oct - 15 311 304 Holding ofBillsandBonds-2.67% Foreign Total 304 Jan - 16 289 271 220 Apr - 16 224 Outstanding Securities LKRGovt. May 2019 11.00% 11.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.50% 241 FOREIGN HOLDING OFLKRG-SEC FOREIGN 252 Jul - 16 288 302 314 Billion LKR 5,479 Oct - 16 301 278 289 Jan - 17 240 196 196 Apr - 17 204 219 Rates onCreditCards Rates 236 Jul - 17 255 268 290 Sampath Oct - 17 302 (Bills&Bonds) Foreign AMEX HSBC NDB SCB 310 LKR 4,561Billion LKR 146Billion 324 T Bonds(Total) Jan - 18 330 Source: Central BankofSriLanka Central Source: 321 320 BankofSriLanka Central Source: Apr - 18 324 307 295 Jul - 18 288 Source: Respective Commercial Banks Respective Commercial Source: 277 249 Oct - 18 221 198 165 Jan - 19 151 161 31.80% 28.00% 31.80% 31.80% 31.80% Jun 19 168 Apr - 19 155 146 146 NDIB CRISIL Fixed Income Indices 3 Month 1 Year 3 Year Total return as at 28/06/2019 Return Return Return NDBIB-CRISIL 91 Day T-Bill Index 2.46% 9.25% 9.08% NDBIB-CRISIL 364 Day T-Bill Index 3.82% 10.35% 10.17% NDBIB-CRISIL 3 Year T-Bond Index-TRI 5.70% 12.65% 13.25% NDBIB-CRISIL 5 Year T-Bond Index-TRI 7.12% 13.47% 13.99% Source: www.crisil.com Central Bank Policy Rates 2016 2017 2018 Latest Sri Lanka 7.00% 7.25% 8.00% 7.50% US 0.50% - 0.75% 1.25% - 1.50% 2.25% - 2.50% 2.25% - 2.50% Euro Zone 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Australia 1.50% 1.50% 1.50% 1.00% India 6.25% 6.00% 6.50% 5.75% Source: www.cbrates.com 1 YEAR TREASURY RATE - USD Vs.
Recommended publications
  • The Economics and Politics of China's Exchange Rate Adjustment
    ISA S Insight No. 88 – Date: 28 December 2009 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg The Economics and Politics of China’s Exchange Rate Adjustment M. Shahidul Islam1 Abstract China faces significant political pressure from industrialised economies to revalue its currency upward. Internally, China’s currency adjustment depends largely on the dynamics of its labour and financial markets. Millions of underutilised Chinese labourers, who are in the process of migration from the countryside to urban areas, give Beijing the upper hand in allowing a gradual revaluation of its currency. However, the growing cost of monetary sterilisation is the key hurdle in keeping its currency undervalued for long. Nevertheless, exchange rates are not always determined by economic forces alone – the breakdown of the Bretton Woods exchange rate system in 1971 and the signing of the Plaza Accord in 1985 are two examples. The available data shows that South Asia is generally not hurt, if not a gainer, by an undervalued Chinese currency. Introduction Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the erstwhile Soviet Union, is said to have declared that the best way to destroy the capitalist system was to debauch its currency.2 China abandoned the “communist way of development” long ago and it is indeed in Beijing’s interest to endure the capitalist system. Nevertheless, its exchange rate policy is literally annihilating the global capitalist system with the exception of its own. Beijing faces much pressure from almost all the industrialised economies to allow its currency to appreciate as they believe that the undervalued Chinese currency is eroding their export competitiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 3 8 147 - LK PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A Public Disclosure Authorized PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 21.7 MILLION (US$32 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA FOR A PUTTALAM HOUSING PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized JANUARY 24,2007 Sustainable Development South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective December 13,2006) Currency Unit = Sri Lankan Rupee 108 Rupees (Rs.) = US$1 US$1.50609 = SDR 1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank LTF Land Task Force AG Auditor General LTTE Liberation Tigers ofTamil Eelam CAS Country Assistance Strategy NCB National Competitive Bidding CEB Ceylon Electricity Board NGO Non Governmental Organization CFAA Country Financial Accountability Assessment NEIAP North East Irrigated Agriculture Project CQS Selection Cased on Consultants Qualifications NEHRP North East Housing Reconstruction Program CSIA Continuous Social Impact Assessment NPA National Procurement Agency CSP Camp Social Profile NPV Not Present Value CWSSP Community Water Supply and Sanitation NWPEA North Western Provincial Environmental Act Project DMC District Monitoring Committees NWPRD NorthWest Provincial Roads Department
    [Show full text]
  • 6,080.09 6,004.11 PRICE INDICES All Share Price Index (ASPI) Today
    1 06-11-2020 PRICE INDICES Today Prv.Day Intra day trading of ASPI ñ, o¾Yl / tpiyr;Rl;bfs; wo mQ¾j Èk Èkh ;=< ish¨ fldgia ñ, o¾Ylh ,d;W Kd;dh; midj;Jg; gq;F tpiyr;Rl;bapd; Fwpj;j jpdtpahghuk; All Share Price Index (ASPI) 6,080.09 6,004.11 ish¨ fldgia ñ, o¾Ylh midj;J gq;F tpiyr;Rl;b S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index 2,370.30 2,347.40 S&P Y%S ,xld 20 ñ, o¾Ylh S&P =yq;fh 20 tpiyr;Rl;b TOTAL RETURN INDICES iuia; m%;s,dN o¾Yl /nkhj;j tUtha; Rl;bfs; TRI on All Share (ASTRI) 8,145.85 8,044.05 ish¨ fldgia uq¿ m%;s,dN o¾Ylh midj;Jg; gq;Fr;Rl;b kPjhd nkhj;j tUtha; TRI on S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index 3,873.47 3,836.04 S&P Y%S ,xld 20 uq¿ m%;s,dN o¾Ylh S&P =yq;fh 20 kPjhd nkhj;j tUtha; TOTAL TURNOVER (Rs.) iuia; msßjegqu / nkhj;j Gus;T Equity 4,991,919,692 fldgia / chpikg;gq;F Closed End Funds 0 wdjD;a;dka; wruqo,a / %ba epjpaq;fs;; Top 10 Contributors to the change of ASPI Corporate Debt 0 ish¨ fldgia ñ, o¾Ylfha fjkia ùu i|yd by<u odhl;ajh oelajQ iq/l=ïm;a 10 idx.ñl Kh /jdpahh;Jiw fld;fs; midj;Jg; gq;F tpiyr;Rl;bapd; mirtpw;F gq;fspg;G toq;fpa Kjy; 10 gpizaq;fs; Government Debt 0 rdcH Kh / murJiw fld;fs; MARKET CAPITALIZATION (Rs.) fjf<|fmd< m%d.aOkSlrKh / re;ij Kjyhf;fk; As at Today Last Month YTD Change % wo Èkg mQ¾j udifha§ fjkia ùu ] ,d;W fle;j khjk; Mz;Lf;fhd mirT % 2,649,307,531,398 2,494,263,297,621 (7.08) EQUITY FUNDS fldgia/ cupikg;gq;F wruqo,a / epjpaq;fs; Value of Turnover (Rs.) 4,991,919,692 0 msßjegqfï jákdlu / Gus;tpd; ngWkjp Domestic Purchases 4,897,602,550 0 foaYSh ñ, § .ekSï cs;ehl;L nfhs;tdTfs; Domestic Sales 4,746,573,937 0 foaYSh úlsKqï/ cs;ehl;L
    [Show full text]
  • Expolanka Holdings Plc Integrated Annual Report
    EXPOLANKA HOLDINGS PLC INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2020/21 EXPOLANKA HOLDINGS PLC | INTEGRATED REPORT 2020/21 2 fruitionEXPOLANKA HOLDINGS PLC | INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2020/21 At Expolanka, we remain fully committed to our promise made several years ago, to drive long term sustainable value, by adapting a focused, constant and consistent strategy. Even though the year under review post several challenges, we were able to pursue our said strategies and bring to fruition our plans for progress which was fueled by our innate resilience and strength. The seeds we planted have taken root and we keep our focus upward, expanding in our focused direction in order to adapt to the current environment. We remain fruitful in our optimism, our can-do attitude and endurance, a recipe for success that will carry us through to more opportunity. Overview EXPOLANKA HOLDINGS PLC | INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2020/21 2 CONTENTS Chairman’s Overview Compliance Reports 12 About Us 3 Corporate Governance 71 Message About this Report 4 Risk Management Report 93 Group Milestones 5 Related Party Transactions Financial Highlights 6 Review Committee Report 101 15 Group CEO’s Highlights of the Year 7 Remuneration Committee Report 103 Review Chairman’s Message 12 Group CEO’s Review 15 Financial Reports Board of Directors 18 Annual Report of the Board of Directors Group Senior Management Team 20 on the Affairs of the Company 108 23 Financial Indicators 22 The Statement of Directors’ Responsibility 112 Performance Group Performance 23 Audit Committee Report 113 Overcoming
    [Show full text]
  • Rupee Strengthening to Be Short Lived
    EQUITY | EXCHANGE RATE EVENT UPDATE |19 APR 2021 FLASHNOTE |09 MAY 2019 RUPEE STRENGTHENING TO BE SHORT LIVED BUY ON WEAKNESS [HAYL, HAYC, DIPD, MGT, TJL, EXPO] EVENT UPDATE Rupee appreciates with CDB loan: Sri Lankan Rupee appreciated FIRST CAPITAL RESEARCH 5.0% against the US Dollar over the last 2 market days reversing the Atchuthan Srirangan +94 11 263 9863 continuous accelerated depreciation witnessed in Jan-Apr 2021. On [email protected] 12th Apr LKR recorded a historical low of LKR 201:1 USD. Ministry of Finance (MoF) reported on 12th Apr that Govt of Sri Lanka entered LKR appreciates 5.0% into a loan agreement with the China Development Bank (CDB) for USD 500Mn and MoF expected the funds to be disbursed during the 203.0 same week. Following the announcement, the market registered a th steep appreciation with mid-rate today (19 ) recording at LKR 190.9. 200.0 Reserves fall to lowest since 2009: Sri Lanka’s Foreign reserves dropped to USD 4.1Bn in Mar 2021, the lowest since Aug 2009, on 197.0 the back of over USD 4.0Bn outstanding debt payment during Apr- Dec 2021 period. The total foreign debt repayment (capital and 194.0 interest) for 2021 was USD 6.0Bn. USD:LKR Rupee appreciation likely to be short-lived: Considering Sri Lanka’s 191.0 depleting foreign reserve position, high foreign currency debt repayment requirement and limited funding sources available in the 188.0 market is expected to further increase depreciation pressure for the currency during 2Q and 3Q. We maintain our exchange rate target for 1H2021 at LKR 196.0-202.0 with 2021 year-end target at LKR 185.0 205.0-215.0 as mentioned in our “Investment Strategy 2021 – Jan 2021”.
    [Show full text]
  • Currency Codes COP Colombian Peso KWD Kuwaiti Dinar RON Romanian Leu
    Global Wire is an available payment method for the currencies listed below. This list is subject to change at any time. Currency Codes COP Colombian Peso KWD Kuwaiti Dinar RON Romanian Leu ALL Albanian Lek KMF Comoros Franc KGS Kyrgyzstan Som RUB Russian Ruble DZD Algerian Dinar CDF Congolese Franc LAK Laos Kip RWF Rwandan Franc AMD Armenian Dram CRC Costa Rican Colon LSL Lesotho Malati WST Samoan Tala AOA Angola Kwanza HRK Croatian Kuna LBP Lebanese Pound STD Sao Tomean Dobra AUD Australian Dollar CZK Czech Koruna LT L Lithuanian Litas SAR Saudi Riyal AWG Arubian Florin DKK Danish Krone MKD Macedonia Denar RSD Serbian Dinar AZN Azerbaijan Manat DJF Djibouti Franc MOP Macau Pataca SCR Seychelles Rupee BSD Bahamian Dollar DOP Dominican Peso MGA Madagascar Ariary SLL Sierra Leonean Leone BHD Bahraini Dinar XCD Eastern Caribbean Dollar MWK Malawi Kwacha SGD Singapore Dollar BDT Bangladesh Taka EGP Egyptian Pound MVR Maldives Rufi yaa SBD Solomon Islands Dollar BBD Barbados Dollar EUR EMU Euro MRO Mauritanian Olguiya ZAR South African Rand BYR Belarus Ruble ERN Eritrea Nakfa MUR Mauritius Rupee SRD Suriname Dollar BZD Belize Dollar ETB Ethiopia Birr MXN Mexican Peso SEK Swedish Krona BMD Bermudian Dollar FJD Fiji Dollar MDL Maldavian Lieu SZL Swaziland Lilangeni BTN Bhutan Ngultram GMD Gambian Dalasi MNT Mongolian Tugrik CHF Swiss Franc BOB Bolivian Boliviano GEL Georgian Lari MAD Moroccan Dirham LKR Sri Lankan Rupee BAM Bosnia & Herzagovina GHS Ghanian Cedi MZN Mozambique Metical TWD Taiwan New Dollar BWP Botswana Pula GTQ Guatemalan Quetzal
    [Show full text]
  • Exchange Rate PAMPHLET SERIES NO
    Exchange Rate PAMPHLET SERIES NO. 3 EXCHANGEFinancial System RATE Stability The pamphlet explains what the exchange rate is, why it is important and the factors that determine it. It also touches upon exchange rate appreciation and depreciation and the significance of nominal and real effective exchange rates. It describes the spectrum of different types of exchange rate regimes ranging from the fixed exchange rate system to the floating exchange rate system and traces the history of the evolution of exchange rate regimes in Sri Lanka since Independence. It also provides an overview of the foreign exchange market and the role of the Central Bank in maintaining exchange rate stability. Central Bank of Sri Lanka April 2006 Pamphlet Series No. 3 1 Exchange Rate 1. EXCHANGE RATE Most countries use their own currencies as a In the foreign exchange markets, the former medium of exchange, similar to the Rupee in Sri expression is more widely used. For instance, if Lanka and the Dollar in the United States. They the exchange rate of the US dollar for the Sri are deemed to be the legal tender or legally valid Lankan rupee is Rs.100, that means that a to make all local payments. However, a few person who wants to buy one US dollar would countries have adopted currencies of other need to pay one hundred Sri Lankan rupees in countries as legal tender. An example of such a exchange for one US dollar. In other words, one country is Liberia, which uses the US dollar as Sri Lankan rupee is worth US dollars 0.01 at the legal tender.
    [Show full text]
  • Crown Agents Bank's Currency Capabilities
    Crown Agents Bank’s Currency Capabilities August 2020 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Majors Australia Australian Dollar AUD ✓ ✓ - - M Canada Canadian Dollar CAD ✓ ✓ - - M Denmark Danish Krone DKK ✓ ✓ - - M Europe European Euro EUR ✓ ✓ - - M Japan Japanese Yen JPY ✓ ✓ - - M New Zealand New Zealand Dollar NZD ✓ ✓ - - M Norway Norwegian Krone NOK ✓ ✓ - - M Singapore Singapore Dollar SGD ✓ ✓ - - E Sweden Swedish Krona SEK ✓ ✓ - - M Switzerland Swiss Franc CHF ✓ ✓ - - M United Kingdom British Pound GBP ✓ ✓ - - M United States United States Dollar USD ✓ ✓ - - M Africa Angola Angolan Kwanza AOA ✓* - - - F Benin West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Botswana Botswana Pula BWP ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Burkina Faso West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cameroon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F C.A.R. Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Chad Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cote D’Ivoire West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F DR Congo Congolese Franc CDF ✓ - - ✓ F Congo (Republic) Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Egypt Egyptian Pound EGP ✓ ✓ - - F Equatorial Guinea Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Eswatini Swazi Lilangeni SZL ✓ ✓ - - F Ethiopia Ethiopian Birr ETB ✓ ✓ N/A - F 1 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Africa Gabon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Gambia Gambian Dalasi GMD ✓ - - - F Ghana Ghanaian Cedi GHS ✓ ✓ - ✓ F Guinea Guinean Franc GNF ✓ - ✓ - F Guinea-Bissau West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ - - F Kenya Kenyan Shilling KES ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F Lesotho Lesotho Loti LSL ✓ ✓ - - E Liberia Liberian
    [Show full text]
  • Remittance Economy Migration-Underdevelopment in Sri Lanka
    REMITTANCE ECONOMY MIGRATION-UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN SRI LANKA Matt Withers A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Department of Political Economy The University of Sydney 2017 “Ceylon ate the fruit before growing the tree” - Joan Robinson (Wilson 1977) (Parren as 2005) (Eelens and Speckmann 1992) (Aneez 2016b) (International Monetary Fund (IMF) 1993; International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2009) (Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) 2004) (United Nations Population Division 2009) Acknowledgements Thanks are due to a great number of people who have offered support and lent guidance throughout the course of my research. I would like to extend my appreciation foremost to my wonderful supervisors, Elizabeth Hill and Stuart Rosewarne, whose encouragement and criticism have been (in equal measure) invaluable in shaping this thesis. I must similarly offer heartfelt thanks to my academic mentors, Nicola Piper and Janaka Biyanwila, both of whom have unfailingly offered their time, interest and wisdom as my work has progressed. Gratitude is also reserved for my colleagues Magdalena Cubas and Rosie Hancock, who have readily guided me through the more challenging stages of thesis writing with insights and lessons from their own research. A special mention must be made for the Centre for Poverty Analysis in Colombo, without whose assistance my research would simply not have been possible. I would like to thank Priyanthi Fernando for her willingness to accommodate me, Mohamed Munas for helping to make fieldwork arrangements, and to Vagisha Gunasekara for her friendship and willingness to answer my incessant questions about Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Acronyms
    List of Acronyms ACU Asian Clearing Union CPI Consumer Price Index AD Aggregate Demand CRB Cooperative Rural Bank ADB Asian Development Bank CRIB Credit Information Bureau AFP Avian Flu Pendemic CSE Colombo Stock Exchange ALR Academy of Labour Relations CSI Container Security Initiative APCPI Anuradhapura District Consumers' Price Index CTC Cut, Tear and Curl APSES Annual Public Sector Employment Survey CV Coefficient of Variation ASPI All Share Price Index CWDCS Country Wide Data Collection System ATM Automated Teller Machine DAPH Department of Animal Production and Health AWDR Average Weighted Deposit Rate DC Desiccated Coconut AWLR Average Weighted Lending Rate DCS Department of Census and Statistics AWPR Average Weighted Prime Lending Rate DEA Department of Export Agriculture BCP Business Continuity Plan DFCC Development Finance Corporation of Ceylon BIA B andaranaike Internati onal Ai rporl DOA Department of Agriculture BIMST-EC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sector DOP Department of Posts Technical and Economic Co-operation DRS Disaster Recovery Site BIS Bank for International Settlement DTET Department of Technical Education and BOC Bank of Ceylon Training BOI Board of Investment EDB Export Development Board BOP Balance of Payments EFTPOS Electronic Fund Transfer Facilities at the Point BPO Business Process Outsourcine of Sale bps Basis Points EPF Employees' Provident Fund BRAWA Budgetary Relief Allowance of Workers Act ESC Economic Service Charge BRP Business Restructuring Plan ETF Employees' Trust Fund CALPERS California
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Production Details of Organic Tea Estates in Sri Lanka
    Status of organic agriculture in Sri Lanka with special emphasis on tea production systems (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades „Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften“ am Fachbereich Pflanzenbau der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen PhD Thesis Faculty of Plant Production, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen vorgelegt von / submitted by Ute Williges OCTOBER 2004 Acknowledgement The author gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance received from the German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, DAAD) for the field work in Sri Lanka over a peroid of two years and the „Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsprogramm (HWP)“ for supporting the compilation of the thesis afterwards in Germany. My sincere thanks goes to my teacher Prof. Dr. J. Sauerborn whose continuous supervision and companionship accompanied me throughout this work and period of live. Further I want to thank Prof. Dr. Wegener and Prof. Dr. Leithold for their support regarding parts of the thesis and Dr. Hollenhorst for his advice carrying out the statistical analysis. My appreciation goes to Dr. Nanadasena and Dr. Mohotti for their generous provision of laboratory facilities in Sri Lanka. My special thanks goes to Mr. Ekanayeke whose thoughts have given me a good insight view in tea cultivation. I want to mention that parts of the study were carried out in co-operation with the Non Governmental Organisation Gami Seva Sevana, Galaha, Bio Foods (Pvt) Ltd., Bowalawatta, the Tea Research Institute (TRI) of Sri Lanka, Talawakele; The Tea Small Holders Development Authority (TSHDA), Regional Extension Centre, Sooriyagoda; The Post Graduate Institute of Agriculture (PGIA), Department of Soil Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya and The Natural Resources Management Services (NRMS), Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Polgolla.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impacts of Small Arms Availability and Misuse in Sri Lanka
    In the Shadow of a Cease-fire: The Impacts of Small Arms Availability and Misuse in Sri Lanka by Chris Smith October 2003 A publication of the Small Arms Survey Chris Smith The Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It is also linked to the Graduate Institute’s Programme for Strategic and International Security Studies. Established in 1999, the project is supported by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, and by contributions from the Governments of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. It collaborates with research institutes and non-governmental organizations in many countries including Brazil, Canada, Georgia, Germany, India, Israel, Jordan, Norway, the Russian Federation, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The Small Arms Survey occasional paper series presents new and substantial research findings by project staff and commissioned researchers on data, methodological, and conceptual issues related to small arms, or detailed country and regional case studies. The series is published periodically and is available in hard copy and on the project’s web site. Small Arms Survey Phone: + 41 22 908 5777 Graduate Institute of International Studies Fax: + 41 22 732 2738 47 Avenue Blanc Email: [email protected] 1202 Geneva Web site: http://www.smallarmssurvey.org Switzerland ii Occasional Papers No. 1 Re-Armament in Sierra Leone: One Year After the Lomé Peace Agreement, by Eric Berman, December 2000 No. 2 Removing Small Arms from Society: A Review of Weapons Collection and Destruction Programmes, by Sami Faltas, Glenn McDonald, and Camilla Waszink, July 2001 No.
    [Show full text]