Structural Mapping and Modelling of the Sub-Cretaceous Unconformity
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7. Gas (Tight) Sands
Tight-Gas Sands Committee Report EMD Annual Meeting, April 2014 by Fran Hein, P. Geol., Chair Vice Chairs: • TBA, (Vice-Chair, Industry) • Dean Rokosh (Vice-Chair, Government) • Linyun Tan, (Vice-Chair, Academic) Advisory Committee: • Faruk Alpak, Shell International E&P, AAPG Gulf Coast Section • Mohammed S. Ameen, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia, AAPG Middle East Section • Jamel Assad, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, AAPG Gulf Coast Section • Dean Rokosh, Alberta Geological Survey, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, AAPG Canadian Section • Robert Cluff, The Discovery Group, Denver, Colorado, AAPG Rocky Mountain Section • Anthony Cortis, JinQiu Venture, Chengdu, China, AAPG Asia/Pacific Section • Mohamed El Deghedy, Cairo University, President of AAPG Cairo University Chapter, AAPG Africa Section • Christopher Ezeh, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, AAPG Africa Section • Matthew Grove, ExxonMobil, AAPG Gulf Coast Section • Brent Hale, William M. Cobb & Associates, AAPG Southwest Section • Frances J. Hein, Alberta Energy Regulator, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, AAPG Canadian Section • Xavier Moonan, Petrotin, AAPG Latin America Section • Rebecca Morgan, Baker Hughes, AAPG Gulf Coast Section • Renfang Pan, Yangtze University, China, AAPG Asia Pacific Section • Salma Rafi, Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan, AAPG Middle East Section • Christopher Simon, SM-Energy, AAPG Gulf Coast Section • Linyun Tan, Chongqing Institute of Geological and Mineral Resources, China, AAPG Asia Pacific Section • Jia Zheng, China University of Petroleum, AAPG Asia Pacific Section 1 Executive Summary Tight gas is an unconventional type of hydrocarbon resource within reservoirs that are low permeability (millidarcy to microdarcies range) and low porosity, as in ‘tight sand’. “Distal” unconventional tight-gas sands (with high sandy silt/siltstone content, low clay/shale content, but with self sourced organics) have more recently been called “hybrid” shales. -
Stratigraphic Framework of Cambrian and Ordovician Rocks in The
Stratigraphic Framework of Cambrian and Ordovician Rocks in the Central Appalachian Basin from Medina County, Ohio, through Southwestern and South-Central Pennsylvania to Hampshire County, West Virginia U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1839-K Chapter K Stratigraphic Framework of Cambrian and Ordovician Rocks in the Central Appalachian Basin from Medina County, Ohio, through Southwestern and South-Central Pennsylvania to Hampshire County, West Virginia By ROBERT T. RYDER, ANITA G. HARRIS, and JOHN E. REPETSKI Stratigraphic framework of the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence in part of the central Appalachian basin and the structure of underlying block-faulted basement rocks U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1839 EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS-APPALACHIAN BASIN U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, Jr., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1992 For sale by Book and Open-File Report Sales U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Box 25286 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ryder, Robert T. Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin from Medina County, Ohio, through southwestern and south-central Pennsylvania to Hampshire County, West Virginia / by Robert T. Ryder, Anita C. Harris, and John E. Repetski. p. cm. (Evolution of sedimentary basins Appalachian Basin ; ch. K) (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1839-K) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.3:1839-K 1. Geology, Stratigraphic Cambrian. -
Stratigraphical Framework for the Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) Rocks of Scotland South of a Line from Fort William to Aberdeen
Stratigraphical framework for the Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) rocks of Scotland south of a line from Fort William to Aberdeen Research Report RR/01/04 NAVIGATION HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT ❑ The general pagination is designed for hard copy use and does not correspond to PDF thumbnail pagination. ❑ The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub-headings, figures, plates and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. ❑ In addition, the report contains links: ✤ from the principal section and sub-section headings back to the contents page, ✤ from each reference to a figure, plate or table directly to the corresponding figure, plate or table, ✤ from each figure, plate or table caption to the first place that figure, plate or table is mentioned in the text and ✤ from each page number back to the contents page. Return to contents page NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Research Report RR/01/04 Stratigraphical framework for the Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) rocks of Scotland south of a line from Fort William to Aberdeen Michael A E Browne, Richard A Smith and Andrew M Aitken Contributors: Hugh F Barron, Steve Carroll and Mark T Dean Cover illustration Basal contact of the lowest lava flow of the Crawton Volcanic Formation overlying the Whitehouse Conglomerate Formation, Trollochy, Kincardineshire. BGS Photograph D2459. The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Ordnance Survey licence number GD 272191/2002. -
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Index [Italic page numbers indicate major references] Abietites, 21. 22, 231, 236 Araun tributaries, 264 south coast, 304, 310 linkii, 231 Amuro-Zejan Basin, 11, 264 west coast basins, 304, 318 Absaroka fault, 95 Anadyr River, 266 Azolla, 31 Absaroka thrust, 88 Anadyrian basin, 266 acrotelm, 3 anastomosing fluvial system, 231, back-barrier island, 220 Adavale basin fill, 304 232, 233, 242 back barrier/outer lagoon zones, 220 Adaville Formation, 69, 98 Anderson coal, 58, 63 backswamps, 343 channels, 88 Anderson mire, 63 Baculites mclearni, 140 coal seams, 82 andesite, 288 Baffin Island, 11 depositional history, 88 angiosperms, 10, 18, 19, 24, 28, 31, Baiera, 23, 26 lithofacies, 75 47, 180, 392 Baikalia, eastern, 288 regional paleogeography, 88 Ango-Paris Basin, 227 Bakony Mountains, 245 rock types, 70 ankerite, 64, 65 Bakonyjako area, 251 sedimentation model, 90 Anomia Balmer North Mine, 134, 138 stratigraphy, 70 gryphorynchus, 70 Balmer peat swamp, 135 Addis Ababa, Shewa province, 373 propatorius, 70 Balmer seam, 118, 135 Adelaide Island, 389 anoxia, 3 Banks Island, 1 I Adelie Land margin, 390 Antarctic Peninsula, 31, 388, 389, Baojiatun Formation, Xuetiandi, 298 Afikpo area, 378 392 Barclay Seam, 338 Africa, 20 Antarctica, 385, 393 Barents Sea Shelf, 209 West, 369, 373, 376 climatic model, 392 barite, 63 agglomerates, 287, 330 coal deposits (Cretaceous), 388 Barremian, 11, 209 aggradation, 215, 216, 223 coal potential (Cretaceous), 385 Barriada Member, 195 Ahaggar Mountains, 375 East, 385, 388, 393 barrier beach, 242 Ajka area, 245,248,249, -
PINE VALLEY Mount Wabi to Solitude Mountain Northeastern British Columbia
BRITISHCOLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND PETROLEUMRESOURCES HoN. D.L. BROTHERS,Minister K. B. BLAKEY,Deputy Minister ~~ BULLETIN No. 52 GEOLOGY of the PINE VALLEY Mount Wabi to Solitude Mountain Northeastern British Columbia by J. E. HUGHES GEOLOGY OF THE PINE .VALLEY Mount Wabi to Solitude Mountain Northeastern British Columbia SUMMARY 1. The map-area covers the Pine Valley, in the Rocky Mountain Foothills of northeastern British Columbia, from latitude 55 degrees 30 minutes to latitude 55 degrees 45 minutes north. 2. The exposed rocks are Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous in age. The suc- cession (Ladinian to Cenomanian) is between 10,000 and 20,000 feet thick, and mostly of marine deposition. Most stratigraphic units thicken westward. 3. In the Triassic, the Grey Beds contain limestones, dolomites, siltstones, and sandstones; and the overlying PardonetFormation, argillaceous limestones with fossil shell beds of Halobia and Monotis. 4. The Fernie Group of Jurassic age consists of: thin limestone, interbedded shales and siltstones with cherty banding, the Nordegg Beds; followed by the Middle Shales; and in the upper part, interbedded shales, siltstones, and sandstone:;, the Transition Beds, which mark the change to Beaudette deposition. 5. The Beaudette Group of late Jurassic to early Cretaceous age has three formations: the Monteith, thick sandstones mostly, and with quartzites in the 'upper third part; the BeattiePeaks, interbedded shales, siltstones, andsandstones; and the Monach Formation,sandstones, with or without quartzite beds at the top. Facies changes and incomplete outcrops make it advisable to map Beaudette strata as an undivided unit to the west. 6. Coal measures overlying Beaudette strata are described by the term Crassier Group. -
A Silurian(?) Unconformity at Flanders Bay, Maine
Maine Geological Survey Studies in Maine Geology: Volume I 1988 A Silurian (?) Unconformity at Manders Bay, Maine Richard A. Gilman Gary G. Lash Department of Geosciences State University College at Fredonia (SUNY) Fredonia, New York 14063 ABSTRACT Reexamination of exposures of conglomerate and greenstone at the head of Flanders Bay has resulted in the recognition of an unconformity believed similar to that exposed on Spectacle Island on the east side of Frenchman Bay. It is proposed that the conglomerate is part of the Bar Harbor Formation of Siluro-Devonian age; the underlying greenstone is probably of Silurian age. The rocks above the unconformity consist of pebbly siltstone and polymict, matrix-supported conglomerate in which clasts are predominantly of felsic volcanic rocks and quartz. A depositional model is proposed in which gravels derived from a volcanic source terrane, and transported in a high energy tluvial system, were mixed with basin-margin muds to produce debris tlows. Chemical analyses of the underlying greenstone show it to be andesitic, but to have substantial differences in composition from Silurian and Lower Devonian basalts and basaltic andesites from the Machias-Eastport area. INTRODUCTION In his study of the stratigraphy of the Bar Harbor Formation 68° 15' 68° 00' in the Frenchman Bay area, Maine, Metzger (1979) briefly men 44° 30·~-~-~-~~-----------~ 2) tions exposures of pebble conglomerates that contain clasts of volcanic rocks and quartz at several isolated outcrops at the head of Flanders Bay, in the vicinity of Jones Cove (Fig. l). The ~N conglomerates are associated with a weakly foliated greenstone. He concluded that the conglomerates are intraformational with \ones Cove in a sequence of greenstones rather than belonging to the con Frenchman Bay glomerates of the Bar Harbor Formation that he describes from Spectacle, Turtle, Flat and Heron Islands on the east side of \) SCHOODIC Frenchman Bay (see also Gates, in press). -
Cadomin and Jasper Areas Willem Langenberg and John Waldron
Field Guide to Selected Geological Sections of the Cadomin and Jasper Areas Willem Langenberg and John Waldron Edmonton Geological Society Field Trip Guide September 22-23, 2007 Introduction The Rocky Mountains can be divided into Foothills, Front Ranges, and Main Ranges as shown in the cartoon below (Fig. 1). Outcrops in the foothills are dominated by softer weathering Mesozoic rocks of the foreland basin: mainly sandstone and shale but also including conglomerates and coal. Most of the clastic rocks represent material eroded from earlier-formed parts of the orogen to the west, which was subsequently cannibalized as the thrustbelt advanced westward in late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic time. Locally in the foothills, the more resistant late Paleozoic carbonate rocks come to the surface in elongated ridges. Saturday's traverse will begin in the foothills of the Cadomin area and proceed southwest into the Front Ranges. In the Front Ranges carbonates dominate the landscape. These represent the late Paleozoic continental margin of the Laurentian continent, now sliced into multiple imbricated thrust sheets. Mesozoic clastics are confined to narrow valleys. On Sunday morning we will take the Yellowhead Highway further into the Front Ranges and eventually into the Main Ranges of the Rockies. In the Main Ranges, lower parts of the stratigraphy are preserved, including widespread outcrops of older, Early Paleozoic carbonates, clastics, and the underlying Proterozoic succession of the Windermere Supergroup. The structural style is different, too. Although thrust sheets are present, they are generally much larger in scale, and their dips are gentler. In addition, the rocks were more ductile when deformed, so that cleavage and folds are much more widely developed in the mudrocks. -
EPGS Guidebook
THE EL PAS0 GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY GUIDEBOOK FOURTH ANNUAL FIELD TRIP CENOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY Of THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY AREA DORA ANA COUNTY NEW MEXICO MARCH 14, 1970 CENOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY AREA DQk ANA COUNTY, NEW MEXICO John W. Hawley - Editor and Cmpi ler GUIDEBOOK FOURTH ANNUAL FIELD TRIP of the EL PAS0 GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY March 14, 1970 Compiled in Cooperati on with: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso Earth Sciences and Astronomy Department, New Mexi co State University Soi 1 Survey Investigations, SCS, USDA, University Park, New Mexico New Mexico State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, New Mexico EL PAS0 GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS Charles J. Crowley Presi dent El Paso Natural Gas C. Tom Hollenshead Vice President El Paso Natural Gas Carl Cotton Secretary El Paso Indpt. School Dist. Thomas F. Cliett Treasurer El Paso Water Utilities Wi11 iam N. McAnul ty Counci lor Dept. Geol. Sci., UTEP Robert D. Habbit Councilor El Paso Natural Gas FIELD TRIP COMMITTEES Guidebook John W. Hawley Edi tor and compi 1er Soi 1 Survey Invest., SCS Jerry M. Hoffer Contributor and editing Dept. Geol. Sci., UTEP William R. Seager Contributor and editing Earth Sci. Dept. NMSU Frank E. Kottlowski Contributor and editing N. M. Bur. Mines & Min. Res. Earl M.P. Lovejoy Contributor and editing Dept. Geol. Sci., UTEP William S. Strain Contributor and editing Dept. Geol. Sci., UTEP Paul a Blackshear Typing Dept. Geol . Sci ., UTEP Robert Sepul veda Drafting Dept. Geol . Sci ., UTEP Caravan Earl M. P. Lovejoy Pub1 icity and Regi stration Charles J. -
Petroleum Geology of Canada
CANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND RESOURCES MINES AND GEOLOGY BRANCH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ECONOMIC GEOLOGY SERIES No. 14 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF CANADA BY G. S. Hume Geologist for Oil Controller for Canada OTI'AWA EDMOND CLOUTIER P RINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1944 Price, 25 cents CANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND RESOURCES MINES AND GEOLOGY BRANCH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ECONOMIC GEOLOGY SERIES No. 14 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF CANADA BY G. S. Hume Geologist for Oil Con troller for Can ada OTTAWA EDMOND CLOUTIER Pfl !NTER TO THE KTKG 'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1944 Price. 25 cents CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ... .. ............. .. ........... ... .............. ...... 1 Hudson Bay Lo\Yland ........................... .... .. .. ... .. ...... 5 Gaspe, Quebec ......... .. .. .. ... .......... .. ..... ..................... ... 7 New Brunswick. .. ... ..... .. .. .... ..... .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... 10 Prince Edward Island .. ..... .. ................................. .. .. .... .. 15 Nova Scotia. ..... .................. 15 Ontario........ ........ .... ....... ... ........... .. ..... ... ....... 17 The Interior Plains ........................................ ...... .. .... ........ 21 General statement.... .. ....... ............ ........ 21 Southern Alberta . ... ........... ....... .. .. .. .. .. ... ........... 25 East-ccn tral Alberta . ... .... ... .. .. .. .. ..... .... .. .... ..... 27 Northwest Alberta-Peace River area ..... ................ .... .. .... .. ... 30 Athabaska bituminous sands. ...... ..... ... ... 30 Foothills of south -
The Old Red Sandstone of Britain and Ireland – a Review
The Old Red Sandstone of Britain and Ireland – a review RS Kendall British Geological Survey - Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff. CF10 3AT. [email protected] Abstract The Old Red Sandstone (ORS) is an informal term which is given to continental, predominantly siliclastic, strata of late Silurian to early Carboniferous age which were deposited across the continent of Laurussia at sub-tropic to tropical latitudes. The coincidental development of land plants had a major impact on the atmosphere and global climate by lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, which profoundly affected the style of alluvial sedimentation during this interval, by stabilising flood plains and facilitating the development of soils. The ORS also provides examples of syn- to post- orogenic deposition related to the Caledonian Orogeny, which was affected by synchronous tectonism and volcanism. The influence of Variscan tectonics on basin deformation and tectonism are also evident in the ORS sequence. In October 2014, a symposium was held, organised by the South Wales Geologists’ Association, entitled The Old Red Sandstone: is it Old, is it Red and is it all Sandstone? The event consisted of talks and posters on topics associated with the Old Red Sandstone deposits, principally of Wales and the Welsh Borders and the Scottish Borders in the UK, and included a series of field trips. Seven of the speakers have contributed manuscripts which are presented in this volume. These include papers discussing fossil fish and plant assemblages, the Fforest Fawr Geopark, Old Red Sandstone building stones, and soft sediment deformation. A brief report on the event and acknowledgements is also included. -
The Letters F and T Refer to Figures Or Tables Respectively
INDEX The letters f and t refer to figures or tables respectively "A" Marker, 312f, 313f Amherstberg Formation, 664f, 728f, 733,736f, Ashville Formation, 368f, 397, 400f, 412, 416, Abitibi River, 680,683, 706 741f, 765, 796 685 Acadian Orogeny, 686, 725, 727, 727f, 728, Amica-Bear Rock Formation, 544 Asiak Thrust Belt, 60, 82f 767, 771, 807 Amisk lowlands, 604 Askin Group, 259f Active Formation, 128f, 132f, 133, 139, 140f, ammolite see aragonite Assiniboia valley system, 393 145 Amsden Group, 244 Assiniboine Member, 412, 418 Adam Creek, Ont., 693,705f Amundsen Basin, 60, 69, 70f Assiniboine River, 44, 609, 637 Adam Till, 690f, 691, 6911,693 Amundsen Gulf, 476, 477, 478 Athabasca, Alta., 17,18,20f, 387,442,551,552 Adanac Mines, 339 ancestral North America miogeocline, 259f Athabasca Basin, 70f, 494 Adel Mountains, 415 Ancient Innuitian Margin, 51 Athabasca mobile zone see Athabasca Adel Mountains Volcanics, 455 Ancient Wall Complex, 184 polymetamorphic terrane Adirondack Dome, 714, 765 Anderdon Formation, 736f Athabasca oil sands see also oil and gas fields, Adirondack Inlier, 711 Anderdon Member, 664f 19, 21, 22, 386, 392, 507, 553, 606, 607 Adirondack Mountains, 719, 729,743 Anderson Basin, 50f, 52f, 359f, 360, 374, 381, Athabasca Plain, 617f Aftonian Interglacial, 773 382, 398, 399, 400, 401, 417, 477f, 478 Athabasca polymetamorphic terrane, 70f, Aguathuna Formation, 735f, 738f, 743 Anderson Member, 765 71-72,73 Aida Formation, 84,104, 614 Anderson Plain, 38, 106, 116, 122, 146, 325, Athabasca River, 15, 20f, 35, 43, 273f, 287f, Aklak -
Bedrock Geology of Alberta
Alberta Geological Survey Map 600 Legend Bedrock Geology of Alberta Southwestern Plains Southeastern Plains Central Plains Northwestern Plains Northeastern Plains NEOGENE (± PALEOGENE) NEOGENE ND DEL BONITA GRAVELS: pebble gravel with some cobbles; minor thin beds and lenses NH HAND HILLS FORMATION: gravel and sand, locally cemented into conglomerate; gravel of sand; pebbles consist primarily of quartzite and argillite with minor amounts of sandstone, composed of mainly quartzite and sandstone with minor amounts of chert, arkose, and coal; fluvial amygdaloidal basalt, and diabase; age poorly constrained; fluvial PALEOGENE PALEOGENE PALEOGENE (± NEOGENE) PALEOGENE (± NEOGENE) UPLAND GRAVEL: gravel composed of mainly white quartzite cobbles and pebbles with lesser amounts of UPLAND GRAVEL: gravel capping the Clear Hills, Halverson Ridge, and Caribou Mountains; predominantly .C CYPRESS HILLS FORMATION: gravel and sand, locally cemented to conglomerate; mainly quartzite .G .G and sandstone clasts with minor chert and quartz component; fluvial black chert pebbles; sand matrix; minor thin beds and lenses of sand; includes gravel in the Swan Hills area; white quartzite cobbles and pebbles with lesser amounts of black chert pebbles; quartzite boulders occur in the age poorly constrained; fluvial Clear Hills and Halverson Ridge gravels; sand matrix; ages poorly constrained; extents poorly defined; fluvial .PH PORCUPINE HILLS FORMATION: olive-brown mudstone interbedded with fine- to coarse-grained, .R RAVENSCRAG FORMATION: grey to buff mudstone