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Synergies of Nature, Wealth, and Power Lessons from Usaid Natural Resource Management Investments in Senegal

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Synergies of Nature, Wealth, and Power Lessons from Usaid Natural Resource Management Investments in Senegal SYNERGIES OF NATURE, WEALTH, AND POWER LESSONS FROM USAID NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INVESTMENTS IN SENEGAL JUNE 2014 CONTRIBUTORS United States Forest Service International Programs Lindsay Dozoretz Bechir Rassas Erik Vickstrom World Resources Institute Anne-Gaëlle Javelle Robert Winterbottom COVER PHOTO TOP LEFT: Conservation farming group president Babacar Sisé stands before his garden parcel. TOP RIGHT: Sacks of baobab fruit piled in a remote village outside of Bala. Market linkages enabled rural commu- nities to enter the value chain for this local product. CENTER: Baobab silhouettes. BOTTOM LEFT: Doudou Diamé in front of the laden garlands of his oyster farm. BOTTOM RIGHT: Members of Dindefelo women’s group GIE Fouta sit among their stores of fonio and powdered baobab, hopeful there will be buyers next market day. PHOTOGRAPHY All photographs used in this report were taken and edited by Lindsay Dozoretz. SYNERGIES OF NATURE, WEALTH, AND POWER LESSONS FROM USAID NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INVESTMENTS IN SENEGAL JUNE 2014 DISCLAIMER This project was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of a Participatory Agency Partnership Agreement No. AEG-T-00-07-00003-00 between USAID and the USDA Forest Service International Pro- grams. The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. FOREWORD My first visit to Senegal was in 1982 to assist in the evaluation of the“Projet Autonome de reboisement de la Foret de Bandia”. Since then, I have been following the evolution of USAID efforts to support Senegal and its people in the management of Senegal’s natural resources. After thirty years of USAID engagement, it was time to capture that history and recognize the impacts in Senegal, in Africa and, as a data point in the genesis of the Nature, Wealth and Power framework, worldwide. The Biodiversity Analysis and Technical Support (BATS) program of the Office of Sustainable Development, Division for Economic Growth, Environment and Agriculture of the USAID Bureau for Africa exists to provide analytical and technical assistance to USAID/Africa and support its operating units in the design and implementation of development, security, and humanitarian assistance activities in Africa in a manner that conserves natural resources and biodiversity, including tropical forests and other critical habitats. BATS has taken a lead role in reviewing USAID’s conservation experience in Africa, understanding lessons learned, and charting the way forward. Reports to date include: Protecting Hard-won Ground: USAID Experience and Prospects for Biodiversity Conservation in Africa; A Vision for the Future of Biodiversity in Africa; US- AID Support to the Community-based Natural Resource Management Program in Namibia: LIFE Program Review; and Paradise Lost? Lessons from 25 Years of USAID Environment Programs in Madagascar. This paper is the most recent product in that series. All of these papers are available on the web site of the Africa Biodiversity Col- laborative Group at www.ABCG.org. Building and reflecting on long USAID involvement in Senegal and the Sahel, USAID launched the Wula Nafaa project in 2003 with the goal of integrating tools to increase productivity of natural resources with the empowerment of local people and the identification and improvement of value chains. This paper’s analysis goes deep on the last ten years’ experience and finds Wula Nafaa areas had surpassed, by multiple indicators, comparison communities. Accompanying this rise in overall prosperity are affiliated broad-based impacts on health, nutrition, education, employment status and significant improvements for women. The Forest Service Office of International Programs assembled an excellent team of facilitators, contributors and key consultants to review the experience, interview the observers and participants and compress a large body of knowledge into what I believe to be a coherent package. The World Resources Institute played a key role in both the development and production of the reports from this project. I am proud to present this work to you. Tim Resch, Bureau Environmental Advisor USAID Bureau for Africa, Office of Sustainable Development SYNERGIES OF NATURE, WEALTH, AND POWER 1 CONTENTS FOREWORD .....................................................................................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................4 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................................8 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................19 1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................22 1.2 The NWP Framework ...............................................................................................................................23 1.3 Nature, Wealth, Power Retrospective Study ...........................................................................................24 2 QUANTITIATIVE EVIDENCE OF WULA NAFAA’S IMPACTS ON POVERTY REDUCTION ....26 2.1 Impact Evaluation of Wula Nafaa ...........................................................................................................26 2.2 Wula Nafaa Impacts ...................................................................................................................................30 2.3 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................33 3 RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF USAID INVESTMENTS IN NRM, ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, AND GOVERNANCE .......................................................................................................35 3.1 Senegal: Environmental, Institutional, and Economic Context ..........................................................35 3.2 Looking Retrospectively at 30 Years of USAID NRM Investments .................................................41 3.3 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................51 4 WULA NAFAA .........................................................................................................................................................53 4.1 Approach, Tools, and Outcomes of Wula Nafaa ..................................................................................54 4.2 Wula Nafaa Outcomes Through the NWP Lens ..................................................................................78 4.3 Summary of Approaches and Outcomes ...............................................................................................82 5 CHARCOAL THROUGH THE LENS OF NWP ............................................................................................84 5.1 Charcoal, NWP, and Wula Nafaa .............................................................................................................86 5.2 Charcoal Commodity Chain: Elements of Context ..............................................................................88 5.3 Charcoal and Wealth ..................................................................................................................................91 5.4 Charcoal and Nature ..................................................................................................................................96 5.5 Charcoal and Power ................................................................................................................................ 100 2 SYNERGIES OF NATURE, WEALTH, AND POWER 6 REFINING THE VISION FOR INTEGRATED NRM PROGRAMMING .......................................... 103 6.1 Integrate Agriculture and NRM ............................................................................................................ 103 6.2 Give More Attention to the Role of Trees & Forests in Sustainable Landscape Management .. 104 6.3 Increase Attention to Climate Change and Resilience ....................................................................... 105 6.4 Incorporate Wildlife, Livestock, and Rangeland Management ......................................................... 105 6.5 Revise Outlook on Fuelwood and Energy .......................................................................................... 106 6.6 Support Decentralization Reforms ....................................................................................................... 106 6.7 Support Continued Forest Policy Reform ........................................................................................... 109 6.8 Revisit Forest Management Planning ................................................................................................... 110 6.9 Move Away from Donor Dependency ................................................................................................
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