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Etude Bibliographique De La Maladie De Carre Chez Les Carnivores Sauvages

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Etude Bibliographique De La Maladie De Carre Chez Les Carnivores Sauvages ÉCOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE D’ALFORT Année 2005 ETUDE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE DE LA MALADIE DE CARRE CHEZ LES CARNIVORES SAUVAGES THESE Pour le DOCTORAT VETERINAIRE Présentée et soutenue publiquement devant LA FACULTE DE MEDECINE DE CRETEIL le…………… par Lise, Anne JOSEPH Née le 9 mars 1980 à Saint-Denis-sur-Seine (Seine-Saint-Denis) JURY Président : M. Professeur à la Faculté de Médecine de CRETEIL Membres Directeur : Mme Barbara DUFOUR Maître de conférences à l’Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort Assesseur : Mme Sophie LE PODER Maître de conférences à l’Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort Invité : Mr François MOUTOU LISTE DES MEMBRES DU CORPS ENSEIGNANT Directeur : M. le Professeur COTARD Jean-Pierre Directeurs honoraires : MM. les Professeurs MORAILLON Robert, PARODI André-Laurent, PILET Charles Professeurs honoraires: MM. BORDET Roger, BUSSIERAS Jean, LE BARS Henri, MILHAUD Guy, ROZIER Jacques, THERET Marcel DEPARTEMENT DES SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES ET PHARMACEUTIQUES (DSBP) Chef du département : M. BOULOUIS Henri-Jean, Professeur - Adjoint : M. DEGUEURCE Christophe, Professeur -UNITE D’ANATOMIE DES ANIMAUX DOMESTIQUES - UNITE D’HISTOLOGIE , ANATOMIE PATHOLOGIQUE Mme CREVIER-DENOIX Nathalie, Professeur* M. CRESPEAU François, Professeur * M. DEGUEURCE Christophe, Professeur M. FONTAINE Jean-Jacques, Professeur Mlle ROBERT Céline, Maître de conférences Mme BERNEX Florence, Maître de conférences M. CHATEAU Henri, AERC Mme CORDONNIER-LEFORT Nathalie, Maître de conférences -UNITE DE PATHOLOGIE GENERALE , MICROBIOLOGIE, - UNITE DE VIROLOGIE IMMUNOLOGIE M. ELOIT Marc, Professeur * Mme QUINTIN-COLONNA Françoise, Professeur* Mme LE PODER Sophie, Maître de conférences M. BOULOUIS Henri-Jean, Professeur -DISCIPLINE : PHYSIQUE ET CHIMIE BIOLOGIQUES ET -UNITE DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET THERAPEUTIQUE MEDICALES M. BRUGERE Henri, Professeur * M. MOUTHON Gilbert, Professeur Mme COMBRISSON Hélène, Professeur M. TIRET Laurent, Maître de conférences -DISCIPLINE : GENETIQUE MEDICALE ET CLINIQUE Melle ABITBOL Marie, Maître de conférences contractuel -UNITE DE PHARMACIE ET TOXICOLOGIE Mme ENRIQUEZ Brigitte, Professeur * -DISCIPLINE : ETHOLOGIE M. TISSIER Renaud, Maître de conférences M. DEPUTTE Bertrand, Professeur M. PERROT Sébastien, Maître de conférences -DISCIPLINE : ANGLAIS -DISCIPLINE : BIOCHIMIE Mme CONAN Muriel, Ingénieur Professeur agrégé certifié M. MICHAUX Jean-Michel, Maître de conférences DEPARTEMENT D’ELEVAGE ET DE PATHOLOGIE DES EQUIDES ET DES CARNIVORES (DEPEC) Chef du département : M. FAYOLLE Pascal, Professeur - Adjoint : M. POUCHELON Jean-Louis , Professeur - UNITE DE PATHOLOGIE CHIRURGICALE -UNITE DE MEDECINE M. FAYOLLE Pascal, Professeur * M. POUCHELON Jean-Louis, Professeur* M. MAILHAC Jean-Marie, Maître de conférences Mme CHETBOUL Valérie, Professeur M. MOISSONNIER Pierre, Professeur M. BLOT Stéphane, Maître de conférences Mme VIATEAU-DUVAL Véronique, Maître de conférences M. ROSENBERG Charles, Maître de conférences Mlle RAVARY Bérangère, AERC (rattachée au DPASP) Melle MAUREY Christelle, Maître de conférences contractuel M. ZILBERSTEIN Luca, Maître de conférences contractuel M. HIDALGO Antoine, Maître de conférences contractuel - UNITE DE CLINIQUE EQUINE M. DENOIX Jean-Marie, Professeur * - UNITE DE RADIOLOGIE M. AUDIGIE Fabrice, Maître de conférences Mme BEGON Dominique, Professeur* Mme CARSTANJEN Bianca, Maître de conférences contractuel Mme STAMBOULI Fouzia, Maître de conférences contractuel Mme GIRAUDET Aude, Professeur contractuel Melle VIREVIALLE Hameline, Maître de conférences contractuel -UNITE D’OPHTALMOLOGIE M. CLERC Bernard, Professeur -UNITE DE REPRODUCTION ANIMALE Melle CHAHORY Sabine, Maître de conférences contractuel Mme CHASTANT-MAILLARD Sylvie, Maître de conférences* (rattachée au DPASP) - UNITE DE PARASITOLOGIE ET MALADIES PARASITAIRES M. NUDELMANN Nicolas, Maître de conférences M. CHERMETTE René, Professeur * M. FONTBONNE Alain, Maître de conférences M. POLACK Bruno, Maître de conférences M. REMY Dominique, Maître de conférences (rattaché au DPASP) M. GUILLOT Jacques, Professeur M. DESBOIS Christophe, Maître de conférences Mme MARIGNAC Geneviève, Maître de conférences contractuel Melle CONSTANT Fabienne, AERC (rattachée au DPASP) Melle LEDOUX Dorothée, Maître de conférences Contractuel - DISCIPLINE : ALIMENTATION (rattachée au DPASP) M. PARAGON Bernard, Professeur M. GRANDJEAN Dominique, Professeur Mme BLANCHARD Géraldine, Professeur contractuel DEPARTEMENT DES PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES ET DE LA SANTE PUBLIQUE (DPASP) Chef du département : M. CERF Olivier, Professeur - Adjoint : M. BOSSE Philippe, Professeur -UNITE DES MALADIES CONTAGIEUSES - UNITE DE ZOOTECHNIE, ECONOMIE RURALE M. BENET Jean-Jacques, Professeur* M. COURREAU Jean-François, Professeur* M. TOMA Bernard, Professeur M. BOSSE Philippe, Professeur Mme HADDAD/ H0ANG-XUAN Nadia, Maître de conférences Mme GRIMARD-BALLIF Bénédicte, Professeur Mme DUFOUR Barbara, Maître de conférences Mme LEROY Isabelle, Maître de conférences M. ARNE Pascal, Maître de conférences -UNITE D’HYGIENE ET INDUSTRIE DES ALIMENTS M. PONTER Andrew, Maître de conférences D’ORIGINE ANIMALE M. BOLNOT François, Maître de conférences * - UNITE DE PATHOLOGIE MEDICALE DU BETAIL ET DES M. CARLIER Vincent, Professeur ANIMAUX DE BASSE-COUR M. CERF Olivier, Professeur M. MILLEMANN Yves, Maître de conférences* Mme COLMIN Catherine, Maître de conférences Mme BRUGERE-PICOUX Jeanne, Professeur M. AUGUSTIN Jean-Christophe, Maître de conférences M. MAILLARD Renaud, Maître de conférences M. ADJOU Karim, Maître de conférences - DISCIPLINE : BIOSTATISTIQUES M. SANAA Moez, Maître de conférences Mme CALAGUE, Professeur d’Education Physique * Responsable de l’Unité AERC : Assistant d’Enseignement et de Recherche Contractuel REMERCIEMENTS A M. Professeur de la faculté de Médecine de Créteil, qui nous a fait l’honneur de présider notre jury de thèse. Hommages respectueux. A Mme Barbara Dufour, Maître de conférences à l’Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, qui a accepté d’être notre directrice de thèse. Pour sa disponibilité et sa patience au cours de l’écriture de cette thèse. Sincères remerciements. A M. François Moutou, Chef d’unité d’épidémiologie à L’AFSSA de Maisons-Alfort, pour ses conseils bienveillants et pour le partage de ses connaissances. Sincères remerciements. A Mme Sophie Le Poder, Maître de conférences à l’Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, qui a accepté d’être notre assesseur de thèse. Sincères remerciements. A ma mère, pour sa présence et son soutien inconditionnels. A mon père, à toute ma famille, de métropole et de Martinique, pour leur soutien et leur amour. A ma belle-famille, Cathy, Georges, Loulou, Vinc et Gaëlle pour leur gentillesse, leur convivialité au cours de toutes ces années. A tous mes camarades du groupe 8, pour ces années inoubliables d’études à l’Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort et en dehors. Réussite à tous. A toute l’équipe de la clinique vétérinaire du Pont de Seine, Au Docteur Costa, au Docteur Baron, pour leur confiance, leur expérience et pour m’avoir permis de faire mes premiers pas dans mon métier de vétérinaire. A mes amis. A mon Nico, Ma petite puce, pour ta présence auprès de moi depuis tant d’années, pour croire en moi. Pour avoir grandi et appris tant à tes côtés, Je t’aime. ETUDE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE DE LA MALADIE DE CARRE CHEZ LES CARNIVORES SAUVAGES NOM : JOSEPH Prénom : Lise Résumé Le virus de la maladie de Carré appartient au genre Morbillivirus de la famille des Paramyxoviridae. La maladie de Carré est connue chez le chien domestique depuis des siècles. Chez cette espèce animale, elle était considérée comme la seconde maladie infectieuse au taux de mortalité le plus élevé, après la rage, jusqu’à l’obtention d’un vaccin vivant modifié efficace. La maladie de Carré est également rapportée chez de nombreuses espèces de carnivores. L’importance de la maladie de Carré chez les animaux sauvages est aujourd’hui évidente avec les épizooties à large échelle chez des carnivores captifs et vivants en liberté (félidés, phocidés) et avec les infections vaccinales-induites chez une variété d’espèces captives. La connaissance des signes cliniques, de l’épidémiologie, des moyens de diagnostic et de gestion de la maladie de Carré est importante pour les vétérinaires et les personnes travaillant avec les carnivores non domestiques. Mots clés : Maladie virale, Virus de la maladie de Carré, Morbillivirus, Carnivore sauvage, Animaux sauvages. Jury : Président : Pr. Directeur : Mme Barbara DUFOUR Assesseur : Mme Sophie LE PODER Invité : M. François MOUTOU Adresse de l’auteur : Mlle Lise JOSEPH 3 Place du Parc aux Lièvres 91000 EVRY BIBLIOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF CANINE DISTEMPER IN WILD CARNIVORES SURNAME : JOSEPH Given name : Lise Summary Canine distemper virus belongs to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Canine distemper has been known in the domestic dogs for centuries. In this animal species, it has been recognized as the second infectious disease with the highest mortality rate, after rabies, until having efficient modified live virus vaccines. Canine distemper has also been reported in a lot of species of carnivores. The importance of this disease in wild animals is now evident with large- scale epidemics in captive and free-living carnivores (Felidae, Phocidae) and with vaccine- induced infections in a variety of captive species. The knowledge of clinical signs, epidemiology, diagnostic and management of canine distemper is important for veterinarians and those working with non-domestic carnivores. Keywords : Viral disease, Canine distemper virus, Morbillivirus,
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