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Breakthrough Research Life Sciences in India Public and Private Health WINTER 2013|2014 ISSUE 26 encounters Public Michael Hall and private health PAGE 3 PAGE 6 Breakthrough Paul Flicek research BEAUTY 17 E PAG PAGES 4 – 5 SUBMERGED Life sciences in India ©Eric | www.kahikaiimages.com Röttinger Editorial Maria Leptin introduces the Feature Alexander Levitzki describes the Interviews Young Investigators and 50th anniversary year of EMBO. evolution of targeted cancer treatments. Installation Grantees discuss their research, careers and challenges. PAGE 2 PAGE 7 PAGES 8 – 9 www.embo.org EMBO 50TH ANNIVERSARY years of 50achievement Director’s welcome to the 50th anniversary of EMBO 2014 is the 50th anniversary of EMBO and it is a pleasure to inform you about our plans for celebration.When I became Director in 2010, I was familiar with some of the remarkable work of EMBO since I had served on committees responsible for the membership and publications. Since then, my appreciation has deepened further by working more closely with its community of scientists and staff. We can be proud of what EMBO has achieved. Since 1964, EMBO has created, developed and nurtured a network of some of the best life scientists who have helped to build a successful European research environment. Over the course of 2014, we have planned activi- available via the timeline on our web site and the growth of a scientific community in Europe. It is ties and events to highlight the many contribu- book will be published by April this year. These the spirit of this community that we hope to cap- tions that EMBO has made to the life sciences. personal accounts comprise engaging informa- ture in our anniversary year. We will be looking back on achievements, reflect- tion about the formative years of molecular biol- I would like to thank everyone who has con- ing on progress, and also taking a look at what ogy and we hope this will be of interest to our tributed to EMBO over the past fifty years. I is in store for our organization. I invite you to wider audience. would also like to thank all the people who have explore our anniversary web pages at www.embo. Three anniversary events are planned in 2014, helped to organize the celebratory activities and org/anniversary that describe the programme of a science and policy meeting which will be held in events that will take place in 2014. events planned for 2014. The web pages include Heidelberg in July, a joint anniversary event with We are already looking forward to the next an interactive anniversary timeline where you FEBS and the French Society of Biochemistry and decades and further scientific achievements. can learn more about EMBO and meet some of Molecular Biology that will take place in Paris Maria Leptin EMBO Director the people who have influenced the organiza- at the end of August and a special membership tion over the years. We will also be keeping you meeting scheduled for October (see Anniversary informed through our anniversary blog (www. events in 2014 for dates and location). embo.org/anniversary/blog). EMBO was founded in 1964 to promote molec- For our anniversary, we have been working ular biology in Europe. Today molecular biology with Georgina Ferry on a collection of interviews pervades all the life sciences, from agriculture with scientists who have witnessed and influ- and medicine to forensics and ecology, and it enced the history of molecular biology and EMBO. continues to be a foundation for essential scien- Selected material from the book will be made tific progress. The EMBO story is really about the ANNIVERSARY EVENTS IN 2014 EMBO | EMBL The FEBS–EMBO Conference 2014 Anniversary Science and Policy Meeting 2014 EMBO Members’ Meeting 2–3 July 30 August – 4 September 29–31 October EMBL Advanced Training Centre, Palais des Congrès, Paris, France Heidelberg, Germany Heidelberg, Germany 2 EMBOencounters | Winter 2013 | 2014 | [email protected] ©2014 EMBO EMBO|EMBL SCIENCE & SOCIETY CoNFERENCE Eric Green explained that even while we have smoking, lack of exercise or a healthy diet – are Public and made enormous progress since 2003 when the much more important risk factors than genes. complete human genome sequence was pub- Wolfram Henn highlighted the application of private health lished, it will take many more years of intense whole genome sequencing to prenatal genetic research until a better understanding of dis- diagnosis, which raises questions about how doc- The contribution of genomics to ease can inform medical practice. Anne-Lise tors and parents handle the knowledge about individual and public health was Børrensen-Dale described how genomics is possible diseases and disease risks even before already benefiting cancer patients. Since cancer a child is born. the topic of the 14th EMBO | EMBL is mainly caused by massive genomic changes, The Public and Private Health conference was Science and Society Conference genome sequencing is already being used to help an ideal opportunity for experts, professionals held at EMBL in Heidelberg last physicians select the most effective treatments for and laypersons to discuss the opportunities of patients. and challenges for genomics research to improve November. More than 200 attendees Estee Török described another healthcare health and wellbeing. and leading experts in the field application of genomics and presented a detec- discussed how knowledge and tive story of how the technology was used to Holger Breithaupt Senior Editor, EMBO reports investigate and deal with an outbreak of methi- technological advances in genomics cillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on could revolutionize health care. a hospital newborn care unit. Translating genomics research into healthcare iselotte Højgaard outlined the societal is not only a scientific and technological quest but challenges in her keynote speech: an age- it also a challenge for society. Jane Kaye reported Ling population, the prevalence of major how the Human Genome Project was a starting diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease point to investigate the ethical, legal and societal or diabetes and increasing costs for health care. implications of genetics. She explained how ini- Genomics has considerable potential to transform tial public concerns have changed over time and medicine, but it will require the involvement of how the social research around genomics itself all stakeholders – patients, researchers, health- has adapted. Bartha Knoppers discussed the care professionals and politicians. issue of sharing and protecting patients’ genomic Jan Korbel, Geneviève Almouzni and Paul and health data in light of international research Flicek highlighted the scientific and technological collaborations. challenges. As cells accumulate mutations over Buddug Cope and Helena Kääriäinen spoke time, not all body cells share the same genome, about the perspectives and expectations of which makes it harder to predict disease risk patients and parents of children with a genetic based on sequencing a few select cells. Moreover, disease. To better help them would require new life and lifestyle leave so-called epigenetic marks– guidelines for clinical counseling but also educat- chemical modifications of DNA and the way it is ing medical staff about how to deal with genet- organised–that probably determine health risks ic information and explain the implications to more than genetic changes. The technological patients. The importance of private genetic and advances themselves have created new prob- health information also makes a strong case for lems: current sequencing technologies generate patient empowerment to include them into dis- as much information within a day as the Human cussions about therapy and lifestyle options. Genome Project did in a decade. It is a major task Timothy Caulfield critically discussed the role to store this exponentially growing amount of of private genetic diagnostics companies and data and translate it into a better understanding the limits of making health predictions based on Personalised medicine was the topic of Buddug Cope of disease. genomic data. He argued that lifestyle – such as Jan Korbel spoke about human genetic variation in ©EMBL PhotoLab | M. Schupp health and disease ©EMBL PhotoLab | M. Schupp ©2014 EMBO EMBOencounters | Winter 2013 | 2014 | [email protected] 3 FOCUS ON RESEARCH IN INDIA Life sciences in India – on the right track The past twenty years have seen tremendous changes in the life science sector in India. New initiatives have helped to build basic science, establish laboratories, set up funding and recruitment programmes for postdoctoral researchers and faculty. India’s challenge now is to improve the flow of funds, to retain or bring back their best brains and to become more competitive internationally. s in many other fields, India has become 1950s, India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Main players a worldwide hub for science and technol- Nehru expanded support of the nation’s institutes The government support for creating new Aogy. It participates in large-scale projects of science and technology. In the sixties, India led research centres, for funding and science infra- such as the International Rice Genome Project, the “green revolution,” which served as the basis structure has been tremendous. “India is much Large Hadron Collider and ITER – one of the big- for its efforts to feed its citizens and which set the better endowed in terms of research support than gest international collaborations to produce elec- stage for economic growth. Traditionally, there is it was twenty years ago,” says VijayRaghavan. tricity from nuclear fusion. Indian government a deep appreciation for learning. Academics who NCBS, where he still has a laboratory, was set spending on research and development (R&D) spend their time in research and teaching are up in 1988 and gave new impetus to the develop- has grown by seven per cent each year between highly valued. ment of modern biology in India. In a partnership 2007 and 2012. By contrast, in Europe it fell by with the UK-based Wellcome Trust, DBT offers 0.5 per cent and in the United States by 2 per The quest for knowledge fellowship schemes to biomedical scientists, cli- cent a year (1).
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