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Ion Trap Quantum Computer Selected Topics
Ion Trap Quantum Computer Selected Topics Ruben Andrist & Thomas Uehlinger 1 Outline Ion Traps Part I Deutsch-Josza Deutsch-Josza algorithm Problem Algorithm Implementation Part II Scalability Scalability of ion trap Problem Move ions quantum computers Microtraps Photons Charges Part III Roundup Roundup & Outlook Ruben Andrist Thomas Uehlinger 2 0:98.')4Part+8, 6: ,I39:2 .07.:09 $ " % H " !1 1# %1#% Quantum Algorithms H !1 1# %! 1#% 0"0.9743(.6:-(9 ( 5 ! ! 5 &1 ( 5 " "$1&!' 5 249(43,"6:-(9 # H !1 1# %1#%!4389,39( H !1 1# %! 1#% !,$,3.0/) ":,39:2,3,()8+8 ,+;08 9/0 7+,/9,38107 ,1907 ,8+3,(0 20,8:702039 3 W 0:98.)*# ,48.,*!74. # $4. 343/439*;99> W A0B803*C ):,3E*",3/"C*,2-7A/E0; > Implementation of the Deutsch-Josza Ion Traps algorithm using trapped ions Deutsch-Josza Problem ! show suitability of ion traps Algorithm Implementation ! relatively simple algorithm Scalability Problem ! using only one trapped ion Move ions Microtraps Photons Charges Paper: Nature 421, 48-50 (2 January 2003), doi:10.1038/nature01336; Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck ! Roundup ! MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts Ruben Andrist Thomas Uehlinger 4 The two problems Ion Traps The Deutsch-Josza Problem: Deutsch-Josza ! Bob uses constant or balanced function Problem Alice has to determine which kind Algorithm ! Implementation Scalability Problem The Deutsch Problem: Move ions Bob uses a fair or forged coin Microtraps ! Photons ! Alice has to determine which kind Charges Roundup Ruben Andrist Thomas Uehlinger 5 Four -
Table of Contents Master's Degree 2 Economic Behaviour & Governance (EB&Go) • University of Kassel • Kassel 2
Table of Contents Master's degree 2 Economic Behaviour & Governance (EB&Go) • University of Kassel • Kassel 2 1 Master's degree Economic Behaviour & Governance (EB&Go) University of Kassel • Kassel Overview Degree MSc Economic Behaviour and Governance Teaching language English Languages Language of instruction is English. Programme duration 3 semesters Beginning Winter and summer semester Application deadline Students without a German degree: Winter semester: 31 July Summer semester: 15 January Students with a German degree: Winter semester: 1 September Summer semester: 1 March Tuition fees per semester in None EUR Combined Master's degree / No PhD programme Joint degree / double degree No programme Description/content The Master's programme in Economic Behaviour and Governance (EB&Go) emphasises the main research areas of the faculty at the Institute of Economics. The objective is to provide students with profound knowledge in behavioural economics with a strong focus on applied research questions. We introduce students to advanced theories in the field of behavioural economics and governance and to advanced empirical methods. Furthermore, we train them to apply these theories and methods to analyse important problems in contemporary economic policy. The graduates have a broad range of job opportunities, including careers in government and public administration, supranational organisations, multinational firms, research, and higher education. Given the large number of courses held in English and the opportunity to write the Master's thesis in English, the Master's programme can be taught completely in English. However, German- speaking students can acquire up to two-thirds of the credits in German. 2 Course Details Course organisation The programme lasts for three semesters during which the students complete 11 modules and a Master's thesis. -
MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY Australia University of Guelph International Psychoanalytic U
MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY Australia University of Guelph International Psychoanalytic U. Berlin University College Cork Curtin University University of LethbridGe Justus Liebig University Giessen University College Dublin La Trobe University University of Ottawa Karlsruhe Institute of TechnoloGy University of Ulster Monash University University of Toronto Katholische Universität Eichstätt- Italy National Tertiary Education Union* University of Victoria Ingolstadt SAR Italy Section University of Canberra Vancouver Island University Leibniz Universität Hannover European University Institute University of Melbourne Western University Mannheim University of Applied International School for Advanced University of New South Wales York University Sciences Studies (SISSA) University of the Sunshine Coast Chile Max Planck Society* International Telematic University Austria University of Chile Paderborn University (UNINETTUNO) Ruhr University Bochum Magna Charta Observatory Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt Czech Republic RWTH Aachen University Sapienza University of Rome MCI Management Center Innsbruck- Charles University in Prague Technische Universität Berlin Scuola IMT Alti Studi Lucca The Entrepreneurial School Palacký University Olomouc University of Graz Technische Universität Darmstadt Scuola Normale Superiore Vienna University of Economics and Denmark Technische Universität Dresden Scuola Superiore di Sant’Anna Business SAR Denmark Section Technische Universität München Scuola Superiore di Catania University of Vienna Aalborg University TH -
240 Ion Trap GC/MS External Ionization User's Guide
Agilent 240 Ion Trap GC/MS External Ionization User’s Guide Agilent Technologies Notices © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2011 Warranty (June 1987) or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995), as applicable in any No part of this manual may be reproduced The material contained in this docu- technical data. in any form or by any means (including ment is provided “as is,” and is sub- electronic storage and retrieval or transla- ject to being changed, without notice, tion into a foreign language) without prior Safety Notices agreement and written consent from in future editions. Further, to the max- Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by imum extent permitted by applicable United States and international copyright law, Agilent disclaims all warranties, CAUTION either express or implied, with regard laws. to this manual and any information A CAUTION notice denotes a Manual Part Number contained herein, including but not hazard. It calls attention to an oper- limited to the implied warranties of ating procedure, practice, or the G3931-90003 merchantability and fitness for a par- like that, if not correctly performed ticular purpose. Agilent shall not be or adhered to, could result in Edition liable for errors or for incidental or damage to the product or loss of First edition, May 2011 consequential damages in connection important data. Do not proceed with the furnishing, use, or perfor- beyond a CAUTION notice until the Printed in USA mance of this document or of any indicated conditions are fully Agilent Technologies, Inc. information contained herein. Should understood and met. 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard Agilent and the user have a separate Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these WARNING terms, the warranty terms in the sep- A WARNING notice denotes a arate agreement shall control. -
Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer
MASS SPECTROMETRY Product Specifications Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer Unmatched analytical performance, revolutionary MS architecture The Thermo Scientific™ Orbitrap Fusion™ mass spectrometer combines the best of quadrupole, Orbitrap, and linear ion trap mass analysis in a revolutionary Thermo Scientific™ Tribrid™ architecture that delivers unprecedented depth of analysis. It enables life scientists working with even the most challenging samples—samples of low abundance, high complexity, or difficult-to-analyze chemical structure—to identify more compounds faster, quantify them more accurately, and elucidate molecular composition more thoroughly. • Tribrid architecture combines quadrupole, followed by ETD or EThCD for glycopeptide linear ion trap, and Orbitrap mass analyzers characterization or HCD followed by CID • Multiple fragmentation techniques—CID, for small-molecule structural analysis. HCD, and optional ETD and EThCD—are available at any stage of MSn, with The ultrahigh resolution of the Orbitrap mass subsequent mass analysis in either the ion analyzer increases certainty of analytical trap or Orbitrap mass analyzer results, enabling molecular-weight • Parallelization of MS and MSn acquisition determination for intact proteins and confident to maximize the amount of high-quality resolution of isobaric species. The unsurpassed data acquired scan rate and resolution of the system are • Next-generation ion sources and ion especially useful when dealing with complex optics increase system ease of operation and robustness and low-abundance samples in proteomics, • Innovative instrument control software metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, and makes setup easier, methods more similar applications. powerful, and operation more intuitive The intuitive user interface of the tune editor The Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS can perform and method editor makes instrument calibration a wide variety of analyses, from in-depth and method development easier. -
Methods of Ion Generation
Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 361−375 361 Methods of Ion Generation Marvin L. Vestal PE Biosystems, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 Received May 24, 2000 Contents I. Introduction 361 II. Atomic Ions 362 A. Thermal Ionization 362 B. Spark Source 362 C. Plasma Sources 362 D. Glow Discharge 362 E. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) 363 III. Molecular Ions from Volatile Samples. 364 A. Electron Ionization (EI) 364 B. Chemical Ionization (CI) 365 C. Photoionization (PI) 367 D. Field Ionization (FI) 367 IV. Molecular Ions from Nonvolatile Samples 367 Marvin L. Vestal received his B.S. and M.S. degrees, 1958 and 1960, A. Spray Techniques 367 respectively, in Engineering Sciences from Purdue Univesity, Layfayette, IN. In 1975 he received his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Physics from the B. Electrospray 367 University of Utah, Salt Lake City. From 1958 to 1960 he was a Scientist C. Desorption from Surfaces 369 at Johnston Laboratories, Inc., in Layfayette, IN. From 1960 to 1967 he D. High-Energy Particle Impact 369 became Senior Scientist at Johnston Laboratories, Inc., in Baltimore, MD. E. Low-Energy Particle Impact 370 From 1960 to 1962 he was a Graduate Student in the Department of Physics at John Hopkins University. From 1967 to 1970 he was Vice F. Low-Energy Impact with Liquid Surfaces 371 President at Scientific Research Instruments, Corp. in Baltimore, MD. From G. Flow FAB 371 1970 to 1975 he was a Graduate Student and Research Instructor at the H. Laser Ionization−MALDI 371 University of Utah, Salt Lake City. From 1976 to 1981 he became I. -
Indexing and Abstracting
INDEXING AND ABSTRACTING Open AIRE Zenodo EyeSource Polish Citation Database POL-index Library of Congress USA MPG S. F.X- Services World Wide Science Research Bib Datacite Wikidot ResearchID Thomson Reuters Berlin Scocial Science Center (WZB) TIB Leibniz Information Center for Science and Technology University Library Libraries of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Kurt-Schwitters-Forum Library Online Catalogue Bavarian State Library (BSB) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library The Deutsches Museum Library HBZ Verbund Databank OPAC Database ULB Database THULB Database HTW Database Library German Central Interal Library (BVB) German Union Catalogue of Serials (ZDB) Southwest German Library Association (SWB) HEBIS Portal Library, Germany GVK Database Germany HUC Database Germany KOBV Portal Database Germany LIVIVO Search Portal Germany www.kwpublisher.com Regional Catalog Stock Germany UBBraunchweig Library Germany UB Greifswald Library Germany TIB Entire Stock Germany The German National Library of Medicine (ZB MED) Library of the Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein Max Planck Digital Library Gateway Bayern GEOMAR Library of Ocean Research Information Access Global Forum on Agriculture Research Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library Libraries of the Leipzig University Library of Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Germany Library of the Technical University of Central Hesse Library of University of Saarlandes, Germany Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt (ULB) Jade Hochschule Library -
Power Distribution in the Weimar Reichstag in 1919-1933
Power Distribution in the Weimar Reichstag in 1919-1933 Fuad Aleskerov1, Manfred J. Holler2 and Rita Kamalova3 Abstract: ................................................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................2 2. The Weimar Germany 1919-1933: A brief history of socio-economic performance .......................3 3. Political system..................................................................................................................................4 3.2 Electoral system for the Reichstag ..................................................................................................6 3.3 Political parties ................................................................................................................................6 3.3.1 The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).....................................................................7 3.3.2 The Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands – KPD)...............8 3.3.3 The German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei – DDP)...............................9 3.3.4 The Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei – Zentrum) .......................................................10 3.3.5 The German People's Party (Deutsche Volkspartei – DVP) ..................................................10 3.3.6 German-National People's Party (Deutsche -
Living in Territorial Solidarity Entwicklungsperspektiven 111
Inspiration from Indigenous Peoples Living in territorial Solidarity Entwicklungsperspektiven 111 ISBN 978-3-7376-0936-4 ISBN 978-3-7376-0936-4 Eliane Fernandes Ferreira Clarita Müller-Plantenberg Lateinamerika Dokumentation 9 783737 609364 Living in territorial Solidarity Inspiration from Indigenous Peoples Eliane Fernandes Ferreira Clarita Müller-Plantenberg Herausgeber Dieter Gawora Lateinamerika - Dokumentationsstelle Kassel 2021 Entwicklungsperspektiven Nr. 111 Kassel 2021 © 2021, kassel university press, Kassel httpV://kup.uni-kassel.de ISBN 978-3-7376-0936-4 DOI: https://doi.org/ doi:10.17170/kobra-202102183281 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Diese Veröffentlichung – ausgenommen Zitate und anderweitig gekennzeichnete Teile – ist unter der Creative-Commons-Lizenz Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen International (CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de) lizenziert Titelfoto Eliane Fernandes Ferreira Ashaninka leader Benki Piyãko teaching children of the Upper Juruá River, Brazil Umschlaggestaltung Dieter Gawora Layout Sven Lämmerhirt Universität Kassel FB 05 Nora-Platiel-Str. 5 34127 Kassel Tel.: 0049 561 804 3385 x Die Debatte über Entwicklungsperspektiven steht überall auf der Tages- ordnung. Einseitig an wirtschaftlichem Wachstum orientierte Vorstellungen haben verheerende materielle, soziale und psychische Auswirkungen in Lateinamerika, Afrika und Asien, aber auch in Europa und den USA. Obwohl das am Wirtschaftswachstum orientierte Konzept längst kritisiert wurde, ist es nach wie vor für die Richtung unserer wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen nach innen und außen maßgeblich. x Die Kritik muss mit konkreten Entwicklungsperspektiven für eine humanitäre Entwicklung verbunden werden. -
1 – Curriculum Vitae
1 – CURRICULUM VITAE Dr. Silke Wiesner Institute of Physical Biochemistry and Biophysics, E-mail: silKe.wiesner[at]ur.de University of Regensburg, Germany http://www.uni-regensburg.de/biologie-vorklinische- Universitätsstr. 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany medizin/biophysiK-1/silKe-wiesner/index.html Phone / Fax: +49-941-943 7752 / 2479 Nationality: German Research Interests Structural biology, NMR spectroscopy, signal transduction, ubiquitination, cell polarity Education and Research Experience Since 2017 Group Leader / Lecturer (“Akademische Rätin”), Institute of Physical Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Regensburg, Germany “Structural biology of ubiquitin-dependent signaling” 2008 - 2017 Independent Research Group Leader (W2), MPI for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany “Structural biology of ubiquitin-dependent signaling” 2003 – 2008 Postdoc with Prof. Dr. J.D. Forman-Kay, University of Toronto, Canada “Structural biology of protein complexes in signal transduction and ubiquitination” 2002 – 2003 Postdoc with Profs. Drs. M. Sattler and G. Superti-Furga, EMBL Heidelberg, Germany “Structural basis for the association of Bcr-Abl with the cytoskeleton“ 1998 – 2002 PhD Student with Prof. M. Sattler, EMBL Heidelberg, Germany “NMR studies of the yeast splicing factor Prp40“ (Thesis grade: summa cum laude) 1997 – 1998 Diploma Thesis in Biochemistry with Prof. B. Halle, Lund University, Sweden “Hydration of fatty acid binding protein. A nuclear magnetic relaxation study” 1992 – 1998 Undergraduate studies in Biochemistry (Diplom) -
A Researcher's Guide to Mass Spectrometry‐Based Proteomics
Proteomics 2016, 16, 2435–2443 DOI 10.1002/pmic.201600113 2435 TUTORIAL A researcher’s guide to mass spectrometry-based proteomics John P. Savaryn1,2∗, Timothy K. Toby3∗ and Neil L. Kelleher1,3,4 1 Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA 2 Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA 3 Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA 4 Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA Mass spectrometry (MS) is widely recognized as a powerful analytical tool for molecular re- Received: February 24, 2016 search. MS is used by researchers around the globe to identify, quantify, and characterize Revised: May 18, 2016 biomolecules like proteins from any number of biological conditions or sample types. As Accepted: July 8, 2016 instrumentation has advanced, and with the coupling of liquid chromatography (LC) for high- throughput LC-MS/MS, a proteomics experiment measuring hundreds to thousands of pro- teins/protein groups is now commonplace. While expert practitioners who best understand the operation of LC-MS systems tend to have strong backgrounds in physics and engineering, consumers of proteomics data and technology are not exposed to the physio-chemical principles underlying the information they seek. Since articles and reviews tend not to focus on bridging this divide, our goal here is to span this gap and translate MS ion physics into language intuitive to the general reader active in basic or applied biomedical research. Here, we visually describe what happens to ions as they enter and move around inside a mass spectrometer. We describe basic MS principles, including electric current, ion optics, ion traps, quadrupole mass filters, and Orbitrap FT-analyzers. -
Ion Trap Quantum Computing with Ca+Ions
Quantum Information Processing, Vol. 3, Nos. 1–5, October 2004 (© 2004) Ion Trap Quantum Computing with Ca+ Ions R. Blatt,1,2 H. Haffner,¨ 1 C. F. Roos,1 C. Becher,1,3 and F. Schmidt-Kaler1 Received April 6, 2004; accepted April 22, 2004 The scheme of an ion trap quantum computer is described and the implementation of quantum gate operations with trapped Ca+ ions is discussed. Quantum infor- mation processing with Ca+ ions is exemplified with several recent experiments investigating entanglement of ions. KEY WORDS: Quantum computation; trapped ions; ion trap quantum com- puter; Bell states; entanglement; controlled-NOT gate; state tomography; laser cooling. PACS: 03.67.Lx; 03.67.Mn; 32.80.Pj. 1. INTRODUCTION Quantum information processing was proposed and considered first by Feynman and Deutsch.(1,2) The requirements for a quantum processor are nowadays known as the DiVincenzo criteria.(3) Storing and processing quan- tum information requires: (i) scalable physical systems with well-defined qubits; which (ii) can be initialized; and have (iii) long lived quantum states in order to ensure long coherence times during the computational pro- cess. The necessity to coherently manipulate the stored quantum informa- tion requires: (iv) a set of universal gate operations between the qubits which must be implemented using controllable interactions of the quantum systems; and finally, to determine reliably the outcome of a quantum compu- tation (v) an efficient measurement procedure. In recent years, a large vari- ety of physical systems have been proposed and investigated for their use in 1Institut fur¨ Experimentalphysik, Universitat¨ Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.